CN107608158A - A kind of simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states - Google Patents
A kind of simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states, the controllable depolarising channels phase of preparatory phase and a structure including entangled light source, the former produces spontaneous parametric down conversion process by using laser pump (ing) nonlinear crystal and carrys out entangled photon pairs, the latter is acted on one of photon using controllable depolarising channel introduces completely mixed state, nonlinear crystal used uses sandwich type crystal, it includes two pieces of bbo crystals, and a piece of true zeroth order half-wave plate placed between two pieces of bbo crystals；The controllable depolarising channel is made up of the superposition three parts of Sagnac rings, the phase path that disappears completely and state, and Sagnac rings are rectangular configuration, and places a piece of half-wave plate between two panels speculum wherein；The phase path that disappears completely by two pieces disappear phase crystal and half wave plate group between them into；The overlapping portion of state includes one piece of BS.The present invention is easy to adjust, and feasibility is strong, can apply to the fields such as quantum information processing, quantum communications.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to quantum information technology field, and in particular to prepare a kind of quantum entanglement light source, can be applicable to quantum
The fields such as information processing.
Background technology
It is one of most important characteristic in the quantum world to tangle, and the core resource of quantum information technology.Tangle as one
Kind resource, can complete the task that some classical resources can not be completed, such as quantum teleportation, quantum dense coding etc..
Storage, expression, the extraction of information all be unable to do without quantum state and its evolutionary process in quantum information science, and Entangled State is in quantum state
Especially important one kind.In actual life, quantized system is inevitably had an effect with external environment, so as to disappear
Relevant effect, this causes pure quantum state to depolarize the mixture for mixing state for Entangled State and completely, and Werner states are exactly a kind of allusion quotation
The mixed state of type.In many practical applications, such as quantum entanglement purification, quantum nonlocality are examined and quantum entanglement measurement research
In, the research that the research to this kind of nonmaximally entangled state of Werner states compares maximal entangled state is more of practical significance.
Preparing the method for Werner states has a lot, and the method for most common of which is to produce to entangle by way of parametric down conversion
Photon pair is twined, and is mixed with the mixed state of introducing.Transfer process is the process of crystal nonlinear interaction under Spontaneous Parametric, a branch of
The pumping laser that frequency is ω interacts with nonlinear crystal, and it is respectively ω to produce frequency with certain probability1, ω2Twin light
Son is right, and one of photon typically is referred to as into flashlight, and another is referred to as the light that lies fallow, and meets energy conservation relation ω1+ω2
=ω.In actual applications, the polarization of photon easily operates, most of to prepare Entangled State using the polarization free degree, the most frequently used
Two-photon maximal entangled state be Bel's state, i.e., It is mixed
The introducing of state passes through specific depolarization channels using Entangled State mostly, brings it about depolarising and is changed into mixed state.Maximum is entangled again
Twine state and mixed state mixed, it is possible to obtain Werner states, such as p | ψ-><ψ-|+(1-p)I4/ 4, wherein I4Represent unit square
Battle array, p represent maximal entangled state proportion, 0≤p≤1.As p=0, the Werner states are completely mixed state；, should as p=1
Werner states are maximal entangled state.
So far, maximum entangled photon pairs are produced using transfer process under Spontaneous Parametric, and introduces mixed state and prepare double light
The method of sub- Werner states carried out research by many team.But all there is some in conventional preparation scheme to lack
Point, such as：
1st, initially prepare in two-photon Werner state methods, the method for producing Entangled State first is to use non-colinear I types (I
The polarization that type phase matched refers to twice converted photons is identical, can be expressed as o → e+e or e → o+o, and II type phase matcheds refer to
The polarization of twice converted photons is vertical, can be expressed as o → e+o or e → e+o) phase matched quantum entanglement light source is, it is necessary to two pieces
Relatively thin bbo crystal is brought into close contact, output photon is to being the donut centered on pump light.When pump light is vertical (water
It is flat) polarization state when, according to I type phase matched principles, lower transfer process only occurs in first piece of (second piece) crystal, caused
Photon is to being horizontal (vertical) polarization.When the polarization of pump light photon is 45 degree, it is in first piece and second piece of crystal
The probability of conversion is identical.So when both direction centrosymmetric with pump light collects photon pair on annulus, can be collected into
Maximal entangled state
Above-mentioned I types phase matched prepares the method collection efficiency of Entangled State than relatively low, and it is more big easier to collect aperture
The photon of dereferenced is collected into, so as to cause degree of entanglement to decline.Here using document [Zhang C et al.,
Experimental Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-Type Six-Photon Quantum Nonlocality,
Phys.Rev.Lett., 115 (2015) 260402] proposed in sandwich type entangled light source preparation scheme, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, its nonlinear crystal is by two pieces of bbo crystals 4,6 cut for beamlike II types and is placed among two pieces of bbo crystals
True zeroth order half-wave plate 5 is formed, and the optical axis of two pieces of bbo crystals is placed in parallel, the operation wavelength of middle true zeroth order half-wave plate with
Lower converted photons wavelength is identical, and is arranged to 45 degree.Pump light produces the H that path is respectively 4a by first piece of bbo crystal
The polarization-entangled state that polarization and 4b V are polarized, after being arranged on 45 degree of half-wave plate, it is inclined that path 6a and 6b polarization can be changed into V
Shake and polarized with H, so two pieces of bbo crystals are vertical in two photon polarization directions caused by the same side, and light caused by the same side
Son is e light or o light, has identical spectrum.By compensate crystal allow photon undistinguishable caused by two crystal when, it is possible to
Prepare polarization-entangled state.Compared with I type phase matched schemes, the brightness of light source and coupling efficiency obtain significantly the program
Improve.In this scenario, true zeroth order half-wave plate does compensation and is easier than relatively thin., can be with by the entangled light source of this high brightness
More easily prepare Hi-Fi two-photon Werner states.
2nd, when preparing Werner states, the method for producing mixed state is usually to allow quantum state to make its close by the phase path that disappears
Matrix diagonals member decay is spent, so as to deteriorate to mixed state.In early stage prepares the scheme of Werner states, the phase path that disappears is by quartz
Piece composition.This method can only prepare the Werner states of special parameter, and preparation method is more complicated.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention can only be prepared for the existing method for preparing two-photon Werner states
The problem of two-photon Werner states of special parameter, and regulation are more complicated, and operation difficulty is larger.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention simple and reliable prepares any Werner to be a kind of
The method of state, including the preparatory phase of entangled light source and a controllable depolarising channels phase of structure, the former is by using swashing
Optical pumping nonlinear crystal produces spontaneous parametric down conversion process and carrys out entangled photon pairs, and the latter is made using controllable depolarising channel
With completely mixed state is introduced on one of photon, the nonlinear crystal used in the preparatory phase of the entangled light source uses sandwich
Type crystal, it includes two pieces of bbo crystals, and a piece of true zeroth order half-wave plate placed between two pieces of bbo crystals；It is described
Controllable depolarising channel is made up of the superposition three parts of Sagnac rings, the phase path that disappears completely and state, wherein Sagnac rings by
One piece of PBS, three sheets of reflecting mirrors and a piece of half wave plate group into, Sagnac rings be rectangular configuration, and two panels speculum wherein
Between place a piece of half-wave plate；The phase path that disappears completely is by one piece of YVO4Crystal, one piece of LiNbO3Crystal and a piece of it is placed on two
Half wave plate group between the phase that disappears described in block crystal into；The overlapping portion of state includes one piece of BS.
Further, the optical axis direction of two pieces of phase crystal that disappear of the above-mentioned phase path that disappears completely is parallel, and with half-wave plate
Quick shaft direction is in 22.5 degree of angles.
Preferably, the YVO4The thickness of crystal is 0.95~1.02mm.
Preferably, the LiNbO3The thickness of crystal is 5.09~8.98mm.
Further, above-mentioned LiNbO379.7 times of crystal thickness and YVO4214.7 times of difference of crystal thickness is greater than
203mm。
Further, above-mentioned half-wave plate is true zeroth order half-wave plate.
Further, the superposition of above-mentioned state is to place one piece of BS in Sagnac rings exit, and it is respectively to described by non-thread
Property maximal entangled state caused by crystal and carry out space overlapping by completely mixed state caused by depolarising channel.
It is of the invention with it is existing prepare two-photon Werner state methods and compare have the following advantages that：
(1) present invention is positioned over the angle of the half-wave plate in Sagnac rings by regulation, can prepare the double of arbitrary parameter
Photon Werner states, thus it is easy to adjust.
(2) prepared present invention employs quantum entanglement light source and controllable two modules of depolarising channel, integrated level are high, sharp
In extension.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation scheme of sandwich type entangled light source；
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of one embodiment of the depolarising channel of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the index path of the one embodiment in the entangled photons source comprising depolarising channel of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the density matrix real part and void reconstructed when parameter p value is respectively 0.992,0.730,0.371 and 0.010
Portion's schematic diagram；
Degree of entanglement and the change curve of fidelity when Fig. 5 is different parameters p value.
Embodiment
The present invention adds depolarising channel on the basis of above-mentioned sandwich type entangled photons source, and devises one and finish
It totally disappeared the passage of phase.The phase path that disappears completely of the present invention includes YVO4Crystal, LiNbO3Crystal, and in two above-mentioned crystalline substances
The a piece of half-wave plate placed between body.The YVO4The cutting angle of crystal is 0 degree, LiNbO3The cutting angle of crystal is 45 degree, it is desirable to
Pumping laser normal incidence crystal, the optical axis direction of two pieces of phase crystal that disappear is parallel, and is in 22.5 degree with the quick shaft direction of half-wave plate
Angle.
In the phase path that disappears completely, YVO4Crystal, LiNbO3The effect of crystal and half-wave plate is the ripple bag by polarization in sky
Between, on the time separate.Entangled State passes through the passage, the phase that will disappear effect, makes its Entangled State be changed into mixing state completely.Its
In, the operation wavelength of half-wave plate is identical with the wavelength in entangled photons source.
In addition, the half-wave plate in Sagnac rings is preferably true zeroth order half-wave plate, should be partly because very zeroth order half-wave plate is than relatively thin
Wave plate is smaller to light path impact, and the angle by adjusting the half-wave plate can prepare the two-photon Werner states of arbitrary parameter.
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
1st, channel is depolarized
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of one embodiment of depolarising channel proposed by the present invention.It is as shown in Fig. 2 of the invention
Depolarising channel include PBS 15, the first speculum 16, the second speculum 17, the 3rd speculum 19, the first half-wave plate 18,
YVO4Crystal 20, the second half-wave plate 21, LiNbO3Crystal 22 and BS 23 are formed.First half-wave plate 18 is arranged at the second speculum 17
And the 3rd between speculum 19.YVO4Crystal 20 and LiNbO3The cutting angle of crystal 22 is respectively 0 degree and 45 degree.Second half-wave plate
21 are arranged at YVO4Crystal 20 and LiNbO3Between crystal 22.
In this embodiment, the first speculum 16, the second speculum 17 and the 3rd speculum 19 are plating broadband medium film
Plane mirror, its wave-length coverage is 750-1100nm.The specification of three sheets of reflecting mirrors is
And the first half-wave plate 18 is located in the true zeroth order half-waves of 780nm among the second speculum 17 and the 3rd speculum 19
Piece.
In this embodiment, YVO4Crystal 20 and LiNbO3The specification size of crystal 22 is 8 × 8 × 1.02mm and 8
× 8 × 8.98mm, wherein YVO4The cutting angle of crystal 20 is 0 degree；LiNbO3The cutting angle of crystal 22 is 45 degree.Here, YVO4It is brilliant
Body and LiNbO3The definition of the operation wavelength of crystal and corresponding specific cutting angle is identical with known definition.
And the second half-wave plate 21 is located in YVO4Crystal 20 and LiNbO3780nm gluing zeroth order half-waves among crystal 22
Piece.
In this embodiment, Entangled State enters Sagnac all the way caused by being changed under the Spontaneous Parametric of nonlinear crystal
Ring, it is divided into two-way by the photon of Sagnac rings, photon is not any behaviour by the phase path that disappears completely, another way photon all the way
Make, two-way photon overlaps on BS 23.
By YVO4After crystal 20, the ripple bag of lower commutating optical beam H polarised lights and V polarised lights can in space, separate on the time,
By being arranged on 22.5 degree of half-wave plate 21, H polarised lights and V polarised lights can be changed into D polarised lights and A polarised lights, then pass through
LiNbO3After crystal 22, the H polarised lights of D polarised lights and A polarised lights and the ripple bag of V polarized light components also can be in spaces, on the time
Separate.
It is worth noting that, in practical application, three speculums made in the Sagnac rings of the present invention will be placed tightly
It is close, and require that the half-wave plate between two speculums is true zeroth order wave plate.If Sagnac rings are placed excessively loose, to rear
The property that face prepares Werner states has an impact.
2nd, the entangled photons source of depolarising channel is included
Fig. 3 is the light of one embodiment for preparing two-photon Werner states comprising controllable depolarising channel of the present invention
Lu Tu.As shown in figure 3, the light path includes 1, one, laser frequency doubling system 2, one lens 3, by first crystal 4, half-wave
The crystal of the sandwich type of the crystal 6 of piece 5 and second composition, two block spaces compensation crystal 7a, 7b, two pieces of time bias crystal 8a,
8b, two analyzer 9a, 9b, two panels interference filter element 10a, 10b, two collimation lenses 13,14, one pieces of PBS 15, three are anti-
Penetrate 18, one pieces of mirror 16,17,19, a piece of half-wave plate YVO421, one pieces of crystal 20, a piece of half-wave plate LiNbO322, one pieces of BS of crystal
23rd, two collimation lens 11a, 11b, two single-photon detectors 12a, 12b.
Laser 1, frequency doubling system 2 form pump laser source.Pumping laser caused by laser 1 first passes around frequency doubling system
2, the pumping laser after frequency multiplication is incided on the crystal (4~6) of sandwich structure.
In the embodiment, laser 1 uses locked mode ti sapphire laser (pulsewidth 100fs, repetition rate 80MHz, middle cardiac wave
Long 780nm).
Space compensation crystal 7a, 7b and time bias crystal 8a, 8b are used for compensating produces lower change by two pieces of bbo crystals
Photon is misaligned on room and time.Through overcompensation, the quantum state of crystal output is
Zai Jiangxia roads photon passes through the coupled into optical fibres of collimation lens 13, launches by collimation lens 14.By collimation lens
The photon of 14 transmittings passes through the Sagnac rings being made up of PBS 15, speculum 16,17,19 and half-wave plate 18, by Sagnac rings
Photon be divided into two-way, all the way photon pass through by YVO4Crystal 20, half-wave plate 21, LiNbO3The phase that disappears completely that crystal 22 forms
Passage, then overlapped with another way photon on BS 23.
Photon is coupled to before single-mode fiber measurement by collimation lens 11a, 11b, it is also necessary to place analyzer 9a, 9b
(including a quarter-wave plate, a half-wave plate and a PBS) and interference filter element 10a, 10b.Single-photon detector
12a, 12b are silicon avalanche mode photodiodes, and detection efficient~65%, secret mark digit rate is 100s-1Magnitude.It is single during measurement data
Photon detector 12a, 12b window that meets are set to 3ns, and pump power (single-channel count) should not be too high, random to ensure
Coincidence counting can be ignored.It is p by said apparatus output quantum state | ψ-><ψ-|+(1-p)I4/4,(0≤p≤1)。
3rd, test data of experiment
In order to test two-photon Werner states, we have made key, quantum state chromatographs by the quantum state to different parameters p value
(tomography), data see the table below 1 and accompanying drawing 4,5.
Table 1
Table 1 shows the data of the key, quantum state chromatographs (tomography) of different parameters p value, and thus calculate
Degree of entanglement and fidelity.
Fig. 4 (a) (b) (c) (d) and Fig. 4 (e) (f) (g) (h) is respectively the real and imaginary parts signal for reconstructing density matrix
Figure.When can be seen that p=0.992 from Fig. 4 (a) in density matrix | HV><HV | and | VH><VH | two close to 0.5, | HV><VH
| and | VH><HV | two close to -0.5.Density matrix imaginary part is understood close to 0 from Fig. 4 (e), so this caused quantum state
ForFour diagonal items in density matrix are can be seen that from Fig. 4 (d) | HH><HH|,|VH><VH|,|HV>
<HV | and | VV><VV | four close to 0.25, nondiagonal term is all 0 substantially, and density matrix imaginary part is understood close to 0 from Fig. 4 (h),
So this caused state is completely mixed state.
Fig. 5 is the degree of entanglement of different parameters p value and the change curve of fidelity.Wherein, CexpAnd FexpIt is basis respectively
The degree of entanglement and the value of fidelity that experimental data calculates, CidealIt is the ideally degree of entanglement for not accounting for experimental error with ginseng
The curve of number p value change, CtheoIt is to consider the curve that changes with parameter p of degree of entanglement, F under experimental errorfitIt is that fidelity is fitted
Curve.As can be seen from the figure as p value increase degree of entanglement substantially rises, but fidelity has no significant change, can prove
Experiment and theoretical uniformity.
As can be seen that the method for preparing two-photon Werner states using the present invention, we obtain height from Fig. 4~Fig. 5
The two-photon Werner states of fidelity, and with the fidelity of the conversion two-photon Werner states of parameter p value have no it is obvious under
Drop.The Hi-Fi two-photon Werner states have possessed to apply to be wanted in fields such as quantum entanglement purification, quantum guidings
Ask.
4th, the program prepares the advantages of two-photon Werner states
(1) prepared present invention employs quantum entanglement light source and controllable depolarising two modules of channel, integrated level are high, sharp
In extension.
(2) present invention employs controllable depolarising channel, the angle for the half-wave plate being positioned over by regulation in Sagnac rings
Degree, can prepare the two-photon Werner states of arbitrary parameter, easy to adjust.
(3) present invention can prepare Hi-Fi two-photon Werner states, can apply in fields such as quantum guidings.
Particular embodiments described above, the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are carried out further in detail
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention specific embodiment, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc., the protection of the present invention should be included in
Within the scope of.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states, including the preparatory phase of entangled light source and a structure can
The depolarising channels phase of control, the former produces spontaneous parametric down conversion process to tangle by using laser pump (ing) nonlinear crystal
Photon pair, the latter is acted on one of photon using controllable depolarising channel introduces completely mixed state, it is characterised in that：Should
Nonlinear crystal used in the preparatory phase of entangled light source uses sandwich type crystal, and it includes two pieces of bbo crystals, and in institute
State a piece of true zeroth order half-wave plate placed between two pieces of bbo crystals；The controllable depolarising channel by Sagnac rings, disappear completely
The superposition three parts of phase path and state form, and wherein Sagnac rings are by one piece of PBS, three sheets of reflecting mirrors and a piece of half wave plate group
Into the Sagnac rings are rectangular configuration, and place a piece of half-wave plate between two panels speculum wherein；Disappear phase path completely
By one piece of YVO4Crystal, one piece of LiNbO3Crystal and a piece of half wave plate group being placed between the phase crystal that disappears described in two pieces into；
The overlapping portion of state includes one piece of BS.
2. the simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described to disappear completely
Two pieces of phase path disappear phase crystal optical axis direction it is parallel, and be in 22.5 degree of angles with the quick shaft direction of half-wave plate.
3. the simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the YVO4It is brilliant
The thickness of body is 0.95~1.02mm.
4. the simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the LiNbO3
The thickness of crystal is 5.09~8.98mm.
5. the simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the LiNbO3
79.7 times of crystal thickness and YVO4214.7 times of difference of crystal thickness is greater than 203mm.
6. the simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the half-wave plate
It is true zeroth order half-wave plate.
7. the simple and reliable method for preparing any Werner states as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the state is folded
It is to place one piece of BS in Sagnac rings exit to add, and it passes through maximal entangled state caused by nonlinear crystal and warp to described respectively
Completely mixed state carries out space overlapping caused by past polarisation channel.
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| CN111880351A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-03 | 山东大学 | Preparation device and preparation method capable of purifying entangled state in any dimension |
| CN111880352A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-03 | 山东大学 | Preparation device and preparation method for Werner state in any dimension |
| CN112394532A (en) * | 2020-11-28 | 2021-02-23 | 中国海洋大学 | Preparation method and application of high-brightness unidirectional quantum guided state with adjustable purity |
| CN112394532B (en) * | 2020-11-28 | 2022-04-19 | 中国海洋大学 | Preparation method and application of high-brightness unidirectional quantum guided state with adjustable purity |
| CN114755870A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-15 | 电子科技大学 | Frequency chip entangled double photon source |
| CN114755870B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-04-07 | 电子科技大学 | Frequency chip entangled double photon source |
| CN115102626A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-23 | 长沙军民先进技术研究有限公司 | Device and method for realizing space multi-polarization coding |
| CN115102626B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-16 | 长沙军民先进技术研究有限公司 | Device and method for realizing space multi-polarization coding |
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