CN107589219B - A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus and its working method with Visual Dynamic crack - Google Patents
A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus and its working method with Visual Dynamic crack Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack and includes experiment cavity, is provided with mobile sealing partition in the experiment cavity, tests cavity and is divided into first inner chamber and second inner chamber；It is separately connected in the first inner chamber and is provided with nitrogen injection pipe and liquid injecting tube；It is provided with stabilizer between first inner chamber side corresponding with mobile sealing partition and the mobile sealing partition；It is separately connected in the second inner chamber and is provided with load fluid injection pipe, load fluid discharge pipe；Light source is provided in the second inner chamber, second inner chamber side corresponding with mobile sealing partition is transparent panel；The outside of the second inner chamber and the position opposite with the transparent panel are provided with image collecting device；The second inner chamber bottom is provided with multiple sand discharge holes, has flange to block setting respectively.The present invention has the characteristics that easy to operate, high safety, efficiency are high, can simulate liquid CO2Solid-carrying performance of the fracturing fluid under different in width fracture conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dry method pressure breaks to take sand evaluating apparatus and its working method with Visual Dynamic crack, belongs to oil
Gas field fracturing reform, energy-saving and emission-reduction technical field.
Background technology
It is all striven with day with the demand of the petroleum gas energy, more and more unconventional Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs are developed
It utilizes, the exploitation most effective way for these untraditional reservoirs is exactly to carry out fracturing reform, improves oil-production capacity.Foam
Fracturing technology is relative to conventional fracturing technology with silt carrying capacity is big, filter loss is low, pressure break efficiency is high, returns discharge capacity height, formation damage
The advantages such as small are a kind of effective means for developing unconventional Low permeable oil and gas reservoirs.
Compared with aqueous fracturing fluid, dry method pressure break has unique advantage：Due to there is no water, all gas not to have in system
There is residue, it is good with stratum compatibility, it is entirely avoided the pollution to stratum and crack；CO2Mobility is strong, can enter reservoir
In microcrack, preferably link up reservoir；Gas expansion in stratum after pressure break, can whole quick rows of returning；Meanwhile CO2Easily
It is dissolved in crude oil, reduces viscosity of crude, causes crude oil volume expansion, increases reservoir energy, is conducive to crude oil production.Liquid CO2It is dry
The above-mentioned performance of method pressure break is of great significance for improving fracturing transformation effect and ultimate recovery, before having good application
Scape.
However liquid CO2Also some technical barriers are faced in dry method fracturing process.CO2In dry method fracturing process, liquid CO2
Viscosity is extremely low, generally in 0.02-0.16mPas, and the physical properties such as its viscosity, density, surface tension and temperature and pressure
Closely related, prop-carrying capacity is poor in fracturing process, is easy sand fallout, forms sand plug.
Traditional fracturing fluid lifting sand experiment device structure is simple, has a single function, and pressure adjusts complexity, and fracture width is difficult to more
Change, therefore, it is difficult to utilize it into dry method pressure break to realize：It improves prop-carrying capacity, difficult sand fallout, easily cause the technologies such as sand plug
Effect.
Chinese patent literature CN206002508U is disclosed《A kind of fracturing fluid sand carrying effect evaluating apparatus》, the patent document
Describe the device that fracturing fluid sand carrying effect is evaluated in large-scale circuit system.But the evaluating apparatus being mentioned in the document exists
Using being that will appear following situations：First, the evaluating apparatus equipment volume is huge, inconvenient for use；Secondly, this method is for general
Usually rule fracturing fluid, voltage endurance capability is limited, is not suitable for liquid CO under high pressure2The prop-carrying capacity of fracturing fluid is evaluated；Finally, the party
Method flaw size space is fixed, and is changed relatively complicated, it is difficult to simulate different sized fractures.
Therefore, in order to accurately measure liquid CO2Prop-carrying capacity, research and develop liquid CO in a kind of measurement dynamic crack2Take sand energy
The Visualization Model of power and its application are very necessary.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, a kind of dry method pressure break of present invention offer takes sand evaluation dress with Visual Dynamic crack
It sets.Device of the present invention can evaluate liquid CO2Fracturing fluid and conventional single-phase fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity.
The present invention also provides the working methods of above-mentioned evaluating apparatus.The method of the invention can measure liquid CO2Take
Sand ability, the present invention have the characteristics that visual, pressure-resistant, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, fracture width and pressure facilitate adjustment, while this hair
It is bright easy to operate, high safety, efficiency height.Working method of the present invention changes fracture width through dynamic regulation pressure, can mould
Liquid carbon dioxide under the conditions of quasi- actual formation is taken sand flow and is moved, and through the visual design, nowed forming is recorded by high-speed camera,
Study liquid carbon dioxide carrying sand flow mechanism researching.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, including experiment cavity, in the experiment cavity
It is inside provided with mobile sealing partition, the experiment cavity is divided into first inner chamber and second inner chamber；
It is separately connected in the first inner chamber and is provided with nitrogen injection pipe and liquid (water or oil) injection pipe；In first
It is provided with stabilizer between chamber side corresponding with mobile sealing partition and the mobile sealing partition；
It is separately connected in the second inner chamber and is provided with load fluid injection pipe, load fluid discharge pipe；In described second
Intracavitary is provided with light source, and second inner chamber side corresponding with mobile sealing partition is that (transparent panel is visualization to transparent panel
Quartz glass)；The outside of the second inner chamber and the position opposite with the transparent panel are provided with image collecting device, by scheming
Sand nowed forming is taken to liquid carbon dioxide by the visualization quartz glass as harvester and carries out shooting record；
The second inner chamber bottom is provided with multiple sand discharge holes, has flange to block setting respectively.
The present invention is flowed using first inner chamber for nitrogen and liquid, and nitrogen and liquid phase push mobile sealing partition movement, the
One cavity volume becomes larger；Second inner chamber simulation fracture is flowed for load fluid.Nitrogen in the present invention corresponding to the first inner chamber
Flow control valve is provided on gas injection pipe and liquid injecting tube, effect is regulation and control first inner chamber gas-liquid ratio；Described
Flow control valve is provided on load fluid injection pipe, load fluid discharge pipe corresponding to two inner cavities, effect is control load fluid
Disengaging speed.
According to currently preferred, the light source setting is in the mobile sealing partition.The mobile sealing partition exists
This side of the second inner chamber, there are four light sources for placement.
According to currently preferred, described second inner chamber for simulating fracturing fracture, the ruler of the simulation fracturing fracture
Very little range：It is long：300-700mm is high：50-100mm, it is wide：1-10mm.
According to currently preferred, the pressure resistance of the transparent panel is 10-100MPa.
According to currently preferred, the pressure resistance of the transparent panel is 20-30MPa.
According to currently preferred, load fluid injection pipe is provided at the top of the side wall of the second inner chamber, described
The bottom of the side wall of second inner chamber is provided with load fluid discharge pipe.
According to currently preferred, the load fluid flow direction described in load fluid injection pipe upper edge is disposed with pressure gauge plus
Sand device.Preferably, the load fluid injection pipe is the stainless steel tubing of 3~6mm of internal diameter.
According to currently preferred, the load fluid flow direction described in load fluid discharge pipe upper edge is disposed with strainer and back pressure
Valve.The effect one of design strainer herein is the filtering branch when proppant particles migrate ground maximum distance more than crack maximum length
Support agent simultaneously makes it be accumulated in fracture tip, and to study under different system fracturing fluids carryings, proppant lays form in fracture end-face
Variation；Second is that the particle in fracturing fluid is filtered out, in order to avoid destroy back-pressure valve.
According to currently preferred, described image harvester includes the high-speed camera being connected with computer.This design
For acquiring, storing, analyzing liquid CO in the simulation fracture2Fracturing fluid takes the parameter of sand, to evaluate in the simulation fracture
Liquid CO2Fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity.
According to currently preferred, the light source is LED light source.
A kind of above-mentioned dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus working method with Visual Dynamic crack, includes the following steps：
(1) all parts included in above-mentioned evaluating apparatus are connected；By the liquid CO2Load fluid injects and plunger pump
In connected intermediate receptacle, test proppant is packed into sand-adding device, the intermediate receptacle and sand-adding device are noted by load fluid
Enter pipe and be connected with the fracturing fracture that second inner chamber is simulated, closes load fluid and tube valve is discharged.By back-pressure valve overcurrent pressure rise
To test pressure：Test pressure peak is subject to the safety pressure limits that the evaluating apparatus can bear herein, and setting is surveyed
The main purpose of pressure testing power is to study liquid CO2Fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity and ensures CO with the variation of pressure2In liquid
State state；
(2) pressure testing：
It is passed through high pressure clear water into the first inner chamber, keeps highest operation pressure 30-40min, builds the pressure, do not pierce not
Leakage is that pressure testing is qualified；Highest operation pressure described herein is determining numerical value according to Specific construction scene；
(3) it is dynamic to take sand flow：
Liquid carbon dioxide load fluid is passed through load fluid injection pipe；
Nitrogen and/or liquid are passed through the first inner chamber and then adjust the position of the pressure and mobile sealing partition of first inner chamber
It sets, is simulated in fracturing process with this, the variation of the size in the crack that fracturing fluid is flowed through carries out the dynamic adjustment in crack；
Pressure break flow velocity is adjusted, sand-adding device is opened, starts to inject proppant to simulation fracturing fracture, at some speed to system
Interior addition proppant；Meanwhile described image harvester shoots record liquid carbon dioxide load fluid by transparent panel and flows shape
State process；
(4) deslagging：
The first inner chamber and second inner chamber are shed into pressure, open the corresponding flange of the sediment outflow pipe, proppant is discharged
And residual liquid.
According to currently preferred, the proppant is the proppant particles that grain size is 0.1mm~0.9mm.The present invention adopts
Matching use is carried out with the proppant adaptable with simulation fracturing fracture, the thickness in the formed crack of simulation fracture plate is 1
~10mm.It is in the thickness range, liquid CO in slit plate can be clearly observed by high-speed camera2It is dynamic to take sand flow
Process, while reducing influence of the crack inner wall friction support agent to experiment, reduce sand card phenomenon in crack.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention has the characteristics that pressure resistance is wear-resisting, and design highest pressure voltage can bear the impact of solid phase particles, quartzy glass
The highest pressure resistance of glass visualization form and cavity can simulate site operation pressure condition, carry out liquid CO under high pressure2Pressure break
The evaluation of liquid solid-carrying performance.
The present invention has the characteristics that easy to operate, high safety, efficiency are high, can simulate liquid CO2Fracturing fluid is in difference
Solid-carrying performance under width fracture conditions.The different pressure of two inner cavities is adjusted, crack tablet gap width is adjusted.It need not
Original tablet is replaced, it is safe and efficient.
Image capturing system of the present invention is made of high-speed camera and the computer connected.With precision
The features such as height, memory space is big, settles the whaleback height to be formed and critical dropping velocity convenient for accurately analyzing proppant.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are the overall structure diagrams that sand mo(u)ld type is taken in Visual Dynamic crack of the present invention；
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2,1, shell；2, stabilizer；3, nitrogen injection pipe；4, needle valve；5, liquid injecting tube；6, it seals
Partition；7, light source；8, clearance hole；9, load fluid injection pipe；10, quartz glass；11, fixed plate；12, fixing bolt；13, sand is taken
Liquid discharge pipe；14, second inner chamber；15, first inner chamber；16, high-speed camera；17, computer；18, pressure gauge；19, sand-adding device；
20, strainer；21, back-pressure valve.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment and Figure of description, but not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
Embodiment 1,
A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, including experiment cavity, in the experiment cavity
It is inside provided with mobile sealing partition 6, the experiment cavity is divided into first inner chamber 15 and second inner chamber 14；
It is separately connected in the first inner chamber 15 and is provided with nitrogen injection pipe 3 and liquid injecting tube 5；First inner chamber 15 with
Mobile sealing separates is provided with stabilizer 2 between 6 corresponding sides and the mobile sealing partition 6；
It is separately connected in the second inner chamber 14 and is provided with load fluid injection pipe 9, load fluid discharge pipe 13；Described
Light source is provided in two inner cavities 14, it is the transparent panel (transparent panel that second inner chamber 14 separates 6 corresponding sides with mobile sealing
To visualize quartz glass)；It is provided with image in the outside of the second inner chamber 14 and the position opposite with the transparent panel and adopts
Acquisition means are taken sand nowed forming to liquid carbon dioxide by the visualization quartz glass by image collecting device and are shot
Record；
14 bottom of the second inner chamber is provided with multiple sand discharge holes 8, has flange to block setting respectively.
Load fluid injection pipe 9 is provided at the top of the side wall of the second inner chamber 14, in the side of the second inner chamber 14
The bottom of wall is provided with load fluid discharge pipe 13.
The load fluid flow direction described in 9 upper edge of load fluid injection pipe is disposed with pressure gauge 18, sand-adding device 19.It is described to take sand
Liquid injection pipe is the stainless steel tubing of 3~6mm of internal diameter.
The load fluid flow direction described in 13 upper edge of load fluid discharge pipe is disposed with strainer 20 and back-pressure valve 21.
Described image harvester includes the high-speed camera 16 being connected with computer.
The light source 7 is LED light source.
Embodiment 2,
A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack as described in Example 1, and difference lies in institutes
The setting of light source 7 is stated in the mobile sealing partition 6.The mobile sealing partition 6 is in this side of the second inner chamber 14, placement
There are four light sources 7.
Embodiment 3,
A kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack as described in Example 1, and difference lies in institutes
The second inner chamber 14 stated is for simulating fracturing fracture, the size range of the simulation fracturing fracture：It is long：300-700mm is high：50-
100mm, it is wide：1-10mm.
The pressure resistance of the transparent panel is 20-30MPa.
Embodiment 4,
One kind dry method pressure break as described in embodiment 1-3 takes sand evaluating apparatus working method with Visual Dynamic crack, including
Following steps：
(1) all parts included in above-mentioned evaluating apparatus are connected；By the liquid CO2Load fluid injects and plunger pump
In connected intermediate receptacle, test proppant is packed into sand-adding device, the intermediate receptacle and sand-adding device are noted by load fluid
Enter pipe and be connected with the fracturing fracture that second inner chamber is simulated, closes load fluid and tube valve is discharged.By back-pressure valve overcurrent pressure rise
To test pressure：Test pressure peak is subject to the safety pressure limits that the evaluating apparatus can bear herein, and setting is surveyed
The main purpose of pressure testing power is to study liquid CO2Fracturing fluid prop-carrying capacity and ensures CO with the variation of pressure2In liquid
State state；
(2) pressure testing：
It is passed through high pressure clear water into the first inner chamber, keeps highest operation pressure 30-40min, builds the pressure, do not pierce not
Leakage is that pressure testing is qualified；Highest operation pressure described herein is determining numerical value according to Specific construction scene；
(3) it is dynamic to take sand flow：
Liquid carbon dioxide load fluid is passed through load fluid injection pipe；
Nitrogen and/or liquid are passed through the first inner chamber and then adjust the position of the pressure and mobile sealing partition of first inner chamber
It sets, is simulated in fracturing process with this, the variation of the size in the crack that fracturing fluid is flowed through carries out the dynamic adjustment in crack；
Pressure break flow velocity is adjusted, sand-adding device is opened, starts to inject proppant to simulation fracturing fracture, at some speed to system
Interior addition proppant；Meanwhile described image harvester shoots record liquid carbon dioxide load fluid by transparent panel and flows shape
State process；
(4) deslagging：
The first inner chamber and second inner chamber are shed into pressure, open the corresponding flange of the sediment outflow pipe, proppant is discharged
And residual liquid.
The proppant is the proppant particles that grain size is 0.1mm~0.9mm.The present invention uses and simulation fracturing fracture phase
The proppant of adaptation carries out matching use, and the thickness in the formed crack of simulation fracture plate is 1~10mm.It is the thickness model
In enclosing, liquid CO in slit plate can clearly be observed by high-speed camera2The dynamic process of sand flow is taken, while reducing crack
Influence of the inner wall friction support agent to experiment reduces sand card phenomenon in crack.
Embodiment 5,
The dry method pressure break as described in Example 4 takes sand evaluating apparatus working method, area with Visual Dynamic crack
It is not, the proppant grain size in the step (1) is 0.18-0.25mm.
After pressure testing qualification, the sand carrying effect of evaluation and the mixed liquid carbon dioxide fracturing fluid of different type thickener,
As shown in table 1：
Liquid CO 2 fracturing fluid sand carrying effect contrast table of 1. 3 kinds of the table containing different thickeners
As shown in table 1.It, will be respectively containing there are three types of different thickener types under conditions of 10MPa at 20 DEG C：TNJ-1、
TNJ-2 and TNJ-3, concentration are all 1% liquid CO2Fracturing fluid is passed into load fluid injection pipe 9, nitrogen in first inner chamber 15
Initial pressure set value is 10MPa, during the test, is persistently filled with high pressure clear water to first inner chamber 15, changes two inner cavities
Volume, to change fracture width.It realizes in simulation fracturing process, this phenomenon of fracture width dynamic change.As embodiment 4 is right
Three kinds of different types of liquid CO in table2The sand carrying effect of fracturing fluid is evaluated.
As shown in table 1, the liquid CO 2 fracturing fluid after TNJ-1 is thickened compares TNJ-2, for TNJ-3, in smaller pressure
Splitting can just make proppant particles migrate forward to by fracturing fluid carrying from static under flow velocity, illustrate under the same terms, pass through
Liquid CO after TNJ-1 thickening2Fracturing fluid sand carrying effect is best, and the liquid CO 2 fracturing fluid after TNJ-3 is thickened needs bigger
Pressure break flow velocity proppant particles could be carried and migrate, so under same experimental conditions, the liquid after TNJ-3 is thickened
CO2 fracturing fluids sand carrying effect in these three fracturing fluids is worst.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of dry method pressure break takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, which is characterized in that including experiment cavity, described
It is provided with mobile sealing partition in experiment cavity, the experiment cavity is divided into first inner chamber and second inner chamber；
It is separately connected in the first inner chamber and is provided with nitrogen injection pipe and liquid injecting tube；First inner chamber and mobile sealing every
Break and is provided with stabilizer between corresponding side and the mobile sealing partition；
It is separately connected in the second inner chamber and is provided with load fluid injection pipe, load fluid discharge pipe；In the second inner chamber
It is provided with light source, second inner chamber side corresponding with mobile sealing partition is transparent panel；The outside of the second inner chamber and with
The opposite position of the transparent panel is provided with image collecting device；
The second inner chamber bottom is provided with multiple sand discharge holes, has flange to block setting respectively.
2. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 1 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, which is characterized in that
The light source setting is in the mobile sealing partition.
3. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 2 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, which is characterized in that
The second inner chamber is for simulating fracturing fracture, the size range of the simulation fracturing fracture：It is long：300-700mm is high：50-
100mm, it is wide：1-10mm.
4. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 3 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, which is characterized in that
The pressure resistance of the transparent panel is 10-100MPa.
5. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 4 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, which is characterized in that
The pressure resistance of the transparent panel is 20-30MPa.
6. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 5 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, which is characterized in that
It is provided with load fluid injection pipe at the top of the side wall of the second inner chamber, is provided in the bottom of the side wall of the second inner chamber
Load fluid discharge pipe.
7. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 6 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, which is characterized in that
The load fluid flow direction described in load fluid injection pipe upper edge is disposed with pressure gauge, sand-adding device.
8. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 7 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, which is characterized in that
The load fluid flow direction described in load fluid discharge pipe upper edge is disposed with strainer and back-pressure valve.
9. a kind of dry method pressure break according to claim 8 takes sand evaluating apparatus with Visual Dynamic crack, which is characterized in that
Described image harvester includes the high-speed camera being connected with computer；The light source is LED light source.
10. a kind of dry method pressure break as claimed in claim 9 takes sand evaluating apparatus working method with Visual Dynamic crack, difference
It is, the working method includes the following steps：
(1) all parts included in above-mentioned evaluating apparatus are connected；
(2) pressure testing：
It is passed through high pressure clear water into the first inner chamber, keeps highest operation pressure 30-40min, builds the pressure, do not pierce and do not leak i.e.
For pressure testing qualification；
(3) it is dynamic to take sand flow：
Liquid carbon dioxide load fluid is passed through load fluid injection pipe；
Nitrogen and/or liquid are passed through the first inner chamber and then adjust the position of the pressure and mobile sealing partition of first inner chamber,
It is simulated in fracturing process with this, the variation of the size in the crack that fracturing fluid is flowed through, carries out the dynamic adjustment in crack；
Pressure break flow velocity is adjusted, sand-adding device is opened, starts to inject proppant to simulation fracturing fracture, meanwhile, described image acquisition
Device shoots record liquid carbon dioxide load fluid nowed forming process by transparent panel；
(4) deslagging：
The first inner chamber and second inner chamber are shed into pressure, the corresponding flange of sediment outflow pipe is opened, proppant and residual solution is discharged
Body.
11. dry method pressure break as claimed in claim 10 takes sand evaluating apparatus working method, feature with Visual Dynamic crack
It is, the proppant is the proppant particles that grain size is 0.1mm~0.9mm.
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| CN108287123B (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2020-09-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | CO under dynamic filtration2Fracturing fluid sand-carrying visual testing device and method |
| CN111502626A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-07 | 常州市易用科技有限公司 | High-pressure liquid quantitative sand carrying device |
| CN113138140B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2024-01-30 | 重庆大学 | Carbon dioxide carrying propping agent test system and method |
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