Background
Liquid crystal display devices are operated by utilizing the optical anisotropy and dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material itself, and have been widely used. By utilizing the different characteristics and operation modes of the liquid crystal material, the device can be designed into various operation modes, wherein TN mode (i.e. twisted nematic mode-liquid crystal compound has a nematic structure twisted by about 90 degrees), STN mode (i.e. super twisted nematic mode), SBE mode (i.e. super twisted birefringence mode), ECB mode (i.e. electrically controlled birefringence mode), VA mode (i.e. vertically aligned mode), IPS mode (i.e. in-plane switching mode) and the like are commonly used in conventional displays, and many improved modes are also used according to the various modes. The element operating in TN, STN, SBE mode generally uses positive dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal, the element operating in ECB or VA mode uses negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal, and the IPS mode uses either positive dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal or negative dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal.
In low information content, passive driving is generally used, but as the information content increases, the display size and the number of display paths increases, and crosstalk and contrast reduction become serious, so Active Matrix (AM) driving is generally used, and Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) are currently used for driving. In an AM-TFT element, TFT switching devices are addressed in a two-dimensional grid, and the pixel electrode is recharged for a finite period of time while on, and then turned off until addressed again in the next cycle. Therefore, between two address periods, a change in voltage across the pixel is undesirable, otherwise the light transmittance of the pixel may change, resulting in instability of the display. The discharge rate of a pixel depends on the electrode capacity and the resistivity of the inter-electrode dielectric material. Therefore, the liquid crystal material is required to have higher resistivity, and meanwhile, the material is required to have proper optical birefringence value delta n (the delta n value is generally about 0.08-0.15) and lower threshold voltage so as to achieve the purposes of reducing driving voltage and reducing power consumption; it is also desirable to have a lower viscosity to meet the need for a quick response. There have been many reports on such liquid crystal compositions, for example, WO9202597, WO9116398, WO9302153, WO9116399, CN1157005A and the like.
In the beginning of the last 70 th century, the basic electro-optical properties of the uniformly aligned and twisted nematic liquid crystal IPS mode have been experimentally studied, which is characterized in that a pair of electrodes are formed on the same substrate and the other substrate has no electrode, and the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by a transverse electric field applied between the electrodes, so that this mode is also called a transverse field mode. In the IPS mode, nematic liquid crystal molecules are aligned uniformly in parallel between two substrates, and two polarizers are placed orthogonally. In the IPS mode, when no electric field is applied, incident light is blocked by two orthogonal polarizers and is in a dark state, and when an electric field is applied, liquid crystal molecules are rotated to cause retardation, so that light leaks from the two orthogonal polarizers.
Since IPS modes are simple to fabricate and have a wide viewing angle, they are the most attractive means capable of improving viewing angle characteristics and realizing a large-area display.
The IPS mode requires only a linear polarizer and no compensation film, but its response speed is too slow to display a fast moving picture. Accordingly, the IPS type display liquid crystal requires a faster corresponding speed than the conventional TN-TFT type display mode, but is based on the complexity of the liquid crystal mixed crystal modulation: materials are mutually constrained in properties (low optical birefringence, high dielectric anisotropy, high electrical resistivity, low rotational viscosity, low melting point, good thermal stability and uv stability, etc.), and it is often difficult to prepare liquid crystal compositions having suitable properties in all respects while improving properties in some aspects with the decrease in properties in other aspects.
In recent years, in the rise of display applications such as field sequential display and VR (virtual reality), the demand for response speed of liquid crystal display is increasing. The conventional video type displays a response speed (IPS mode), and the response speed of 4v 20ms or more is achieved at the highest. Particularly for fast video type displays, a response speed of at least 10ms is required. In particular, when the temperature of the liquid crystal display is lowered, RT (response speed) becomes larger. Generally, the response speed is over 200ms at the low temperature of minus 20 ℃ and is more than 400ms at the low temperature of minus 30 ℃. The increase of the response speed of the traditional IPS liquid crystal at low temperature severely limits the temperature range and the display effect of the liquid crystal. Since the response speed of liquid crystal is closely related to the index of the rotational viscosity of liquid crystal, it is a problem to develop a fast response of liquid crystal to reduce the rotational viscosity of liquid crystal and to suppress the tendency of the rotational viscosity of liquid crystal to increase with a decrease in temperature. The liquid crystal monomer used in the conventional liquid crystal composition is generally a skeleton structure composed of two rings and more than two rings of liquid crystal bodies. In the present invention, it has been unexpectedly found that there is a significant reduction in the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition after the use of the single ring compound incorporated in conventional liquid crystal compositions. Since the single ring compound affects the order degree of liquid crystal, the liquid crystal composition of the invention is obtained by matching with the preference of the liquid crystal composition system of the invention, the rotational viscosity is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the rotational viscosity of the liquid crystal composition of the invention at low temperature is also greatly reduced through testing of the rotational viscosity at different temperatures. The liquid crystal composition provided by the invention has great benefit for quick response liquid crystal display.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid crystal composition which has proper optical anisotropy, proper dielectric anisotropy, higher clearing point, lower threshold voltage and higher response speed. The liquid crystal composition disclosed by the invention introduces the single-ring compound into a preferable liquid crystal composition system, so that the dependence of the obtained liquid crystal material on temperature is effectively reduced, and therefore, a liquid crystal display comprising the liquid crystal composition disclosed by the invention can meet the requirement of quick response at different temperatures.
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal composition comprising:
3-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition, of one or more compounds of formula I
30-60% by weight of the total liquid crystal composition of one or more compounds of formula II
15-30% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition, of one or more compounds of formula III
0-15% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition, of one or more compounds of formula IV
0-30% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid-crystalline composition, of one or more compounds of formula V
And
0-40% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition, of one or more compounds of formula VI
Wherein,,
R 1 and R is 2 Identical or different, each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy radical having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy radical having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms;
R 3 、R 6 、R 7 、R 8 and R is 9 Identical or different, each independently represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms;
R 4 represents H or a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
R 5 represents H, a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms;
representation-> Said->Any H above may be substituted with F;
identical or different, each independently represents +.>The saidAny H above may be substituted with F;
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 、L 4 、L 5 、L 6 and L 7 Identical or different, each independently represents H or F;
X 1 and X 3 Same or different, each independently represents F, CF 3 Or OCF (optical clear) 3 ;
X 2 Represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, F, CF 3 Or OCF (optical clear) 3 ;
m and n are the same or different and each independently represents 0, 1 or 2.
In some embodiments, R 1 And R is 2 The same or differentEach independently represents a straight or branched alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
In some embodiments, R 3 、R 5 、R 6 、R 8 And R is 9 And each independently represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R 8 Represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R 7 Represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in some embodiments,representation-> Said->Any of the above H's may be substituted with F. In some embodiments, the->Representation ofSaid->Any of the above H's may be substituted with F.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in some embodiments,representation->
In some embodiments, L 2 And represents F. In some embodimentsIn the case of L 3 And represents F. In some embodiments, L 2 And L 3 All represent F.
In some embodiments, L 4 And represents F. In some embodiments, L 5 And represents F. In some embodiments, L 4 And L 5 All represent F.
In some embodiments, X 2 Represents a linear alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or F.
In some embodiments, m represents 0 or 1. In some embodiments, n represents 1 or 2.
In an embodiment of the invention, the liquid crystal composition further comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of the following general formulae VII-1, VII-2:
and
wherein the method comprises the steps of
R 10 、R 11 、R 12 And R is 13 The same or different, each independently represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
L 8 and represents H or F.
In an embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula i is selected from one or more of the group consisting of:
and
particularly preferred compounds of formula I are selected from the group consisting of:
and
in an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that the compound of formula ii is selected from one or more of the group consisting of:
and
particularly preferred compounds of the formula II are:
and
in an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that the compound of formula iii is selected from one or more of the group consisting of:
and
particularly preferred compounds of the formula III are selected from the group consisting of:
and
in an embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that the compound of formula iv is selected from one or more of the group consisting of:
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and
particularly preferred compounds of the formula IV are selected from the group consisting of:
and
in an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that the compound of formula v is selected from one or more of the group consisting of:
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and
particularly preferred compounds of formula V are selected from the group consisting of:
and
in an embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that the compound of formula vi is selected from one or more of the group consisting of:
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and
particularly preferred compounds of formula VI are selected from the group consisting of:
and
in some embodiments of the invention, the compound of formula I comprises 3-10% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula II accounts for 40-55% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula III accounts for 15-28% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula IV accounts for 0-10% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula V accounts for 0-21% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula VI accounts for 0-20% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compounds of the general formulas VII-1 and VII-2 account for 1 to 20 percent of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
In some embodiments of the invention, the compound of formula I comprises 3-10% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula II accounts for 40-55% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula III accounts for 15-25% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula IV accounts for 0-10% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula V accounts for 0-21% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula VI accounts for 0-20% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compounds of the general formulas VII-1 and VII-2 account for 1 to 10 percent of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
In some embodiments of the invention, it is preferred that the compound of formula I comprises 3-10% by weight of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula II accounts for 40-55% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula III accounts for 15-25% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula IV accounts for 0-10% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula V accounts for 5-21% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula VI accounts for 0-20% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compounds of the general formulas VII-1 and VII-2 account for 1 to 10 percent of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
In some embodiments of the invention, it is preferred that the compound of formula I comprises 3-10% by weight of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula II accounts for 40-55% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula III accounts for 15-25% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula IV accounts for 0-10% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula V accounts for 5-21% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula VI accounts for 5-20% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compounds of the general formulas VII-1 and VII-2 account for 1 to 10 percent of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
More preferably, the compound of formula I comprises 3-10% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula II accounts for 45-55% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula III accounts for 15-25% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula IV accounts for 1-10% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula V accounts for 5-21% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula VI accounts for 10-20% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compounds of the general formulas VII-1 and VII-2 account for 1 to 10 percent of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
As a particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds of formula i account for 3 to 6% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula II accounts for 45-52.5% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula III accounts for 17-22% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula IV accounts for 2-6% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula V accounts for 5-21% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compound of the general formula VI accounts for 10-20% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; the compounds of the general formulas VII-1 and VII-2 account for 1 to 6 percent of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
In another aspect, the invention provides a liquid crystal composition further comprising one or more additives known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature. For example, 0-15% polychromatic dye and/or chiral dopant may be added.
Possible dopants which are preferably added to the mixtures according to the invention are shown below.
And
in an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the dopant accounts for 0 to 5% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; more preferably, the dopant comprises 0-1% by weight of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
The following are mentioned, for example, stabilizers which can be added to the mixtures according to the invention:
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preferably, the stabilizer is selected from the stabilizers shown below.
In an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the stabilizer accounts for 0 to 5% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; more preferably, the stabilizer accounts for 0-1% of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition; as a particularly preferred embodiment, the stabilizer comprises 0 to 0.1% by weight of the total weight of the liquid crystal composition.
In still another aspect, the present invention provides an IPS mode liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal composition of the present invention.
The liquid crystal composition has the advantages of proper optical anisotropy, proper dielectric anisotropy, higher clearing point, lower threshold voltage and higher response speed. The liquid crystal composition disclosed by the invention introduces the single-ring compound into a preferable liquid crystal composition system, so that the dependence of liquid crystal on temperature is effectively reduced, and therefore, a liquid crystal display comprising the liquid crystal composition disclosed by the invention can meet the requirement of quick response at different temperatures.
In the invention, the proportion is weight ratio, all temperatures are degrees centigrade, and the box thickness used for testing the response time data is 7 μm unless otherwise specified.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described below in connection with specific embodiments. The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Other combinations and various modifications within the spirit of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
For ease of expression, in the following examples, the group structures of the liquid crystal compositions are represented by the codes listed in Table 1:
TABLE 1 group Structure codes for liquid Crystal Compounds
Take as an example a compound of the formula:
the structural formula is expressed by codes listed in table 2, and can be expressed as follows: nCPUF, n in the code means the number of C atoms in the left-hand alkyl group, e.g. n is "3", i.e. the alkyl group is-C 3 H 7 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the C in the code represents a cyclohexenyl group.
The shorthand designations for the test items in the following examples are as follows:
tni (°c): clearing point (nematic-isotropy phase transition temperature)
An: optical anisotropy (589 nm,25 ℃ C.)
Δε: dielectric anisotropy (1 KHz,25 ℃ C.)
Vth: threshold voltage (V, 1 KH) Z ,25℃,TN90)
γ1 (25 ℃ C.). Viscosity under torsion (mPa. Times.s at 25 ℃)
γ1 (-20 ℃): viscosity under torsion (mPa. Times.s at-20 ℃)
Wherein, refractive index anisotropy is tested by Abbe refractometer under sodium light (589 nm) source at 20deg.C; the dielectric test cell was TN90 type and the cell thickness was 7. Mu.m.
Δ∈=ε|| - ε++where ε|| is the dielectric constant parallel to the molecular axis and ε+.t is the dielectric constant perpendicular to the molecular axis, test conditions: the test box is TN90 type at 25 ℃ and 1KHz, and the thickness of the box is 7 mu m.
Comparative example 1
The liquid crystal composition of comparative example 1 was prepared according to the respective compounds and weight percentages listed in table 2, and was filled between two substrates of a liquid crystal display for performance test, and the test data are shown in the following table:
table 2 liquid crystal composition formulation and test performance thereof
Example 1
The liquid crystal composition of example 1 was prepared according to the compounds and weight percentages listed in table 3, and was filled between two substrates of a liquid crystal display for performance testing, and the test data are shown in the following table:
table 3 liquid crystal composition formulation and test performance thereof
Comparative example 2
The liquid crystal composition of comparative example 2 was prepared according to the respective compounds and weight percentages listed in table 4, and was filled between two substrates of a liquid crystal display for performance test, and the test data are shown in the following table:
table 4 liquid crystal composition formulation and test performance thereof
Example 2
The liquid crystal composition of example 2 was prepared according to the compounds and weight percentages listed in table 5, and was filled between two substrates of a liquid crystal display for performance testing, and the test data are shown in the following table:
table 5 liquid crystal composition formulation and test performance thereof
Comparative example 3
The liquid crystal composition of comparative example 3 was prepared according to the respective compounds and weight percentages listed in table 6, and was filled between two substrates of a liquid crystal display for performance test, and the test data are shown in the following table:
table 6 liquid crystal composition formulation and test performance thereof
Example 3
The liquid crystal composition of example 3 was prepared according to the compounds and weight percentages listed in table 7, and was filled between two substrates of a liquid crystal display for performance testing, and the test data are shown in the following table:
table 7 liquid crystal composition formulation and test performance thereof
Comparative example 4
The liquid crystal composition of comparative example 4 was prepared according to the respective compounds and weight percentages listed in table 8, and was filled between two substrates of a liquid crystal display for performance test, and the test data are shown in the following table:
table 8 liquid crystal composition formulation and test performance thereof
Example 4
The liquid crystal composition of example 4 was prepared according to the compounds and weight percentages listed in table 9, and was filled between two substrates of a liquid crystal display for performance testing, and the test data are shown in the following table:
table 9 liquid crystal composition formulation and test performance thereof
The performance test parameters of the liquid crystal compositions of comparative examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 1, 2, 3, and 4 were plotted on the abscissa with the values of dielectric anisotropy at room temperature and low temperature and on the ordinate with the rotational viscosity, respectively, to obtain the line diagrams shown in fig. 1 and 2. Fig. 1 and 2 compare the comparison of examples and comparative examples at different temperatures with different dielectrics. As can be seen from the graph, the examples have lower rotational viscosity than the comparative examples at the same dielectric at normal temperature, and the advantage of the examples that the degree of rotation is smaller at low temperature as the temperature is lowered is more remarkable than the comparative examples.
As is well known, in general, the rotational viscosity of liquid crystals increases with an increase in the dielectric anisotropy value. In order to highlight the beneficial effects of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention, the inventors selected a control close to the system of examples of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the rotational viscosity of the composition of the present invention is significantly lower than that of the comparative example at the condition of ordinary temperature when the dielectric anisotropy values are similar. As can be seen from a combination of fig. 1 and 2, the rotational viscosity increases exponentially with decreasing temperature. Moreover, the rotational viscosity of the composition of the present invention is significantly lower than that of the comparative example when the dielectric anisotropy values are similar under low temperature conditions. The above results show that the introduction of the single ring compound in the present invention effectively reduces the dependence of the liquid crystal on temperature. In particular, the rotational viscosity of the present invention has significant advantages over the comparative examples under low temperature conditions.