CN107552787A - Electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling - Google Patents
Electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107552787A CN107552787A CN201710802558.5A CN201710802558A CN107552787A CN 107552787 A CN107552787 A CN 107552787A CN 201710802558 A CN201710802558 A CN 201710802558A CN 107552787 A CN107552787 A CN 107552787A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling, including pedestal, pedestal are provided with processing platform；Pedestal is provided with the powdering structure for being used for that metal powder to be laid on to processing platform；Electron beam emitting structural and laser milling head are respectively equipped with above processing platform；Electron beam emitting structural launching electronics beam is melted to metal bisque to form single or multiple lift approximation body；Laser milling hair penetrates laser beam and carries out Milling Process to single or multiple lift approximation body.Removal formula based on laser milling is processed and integrated with the increment layered manufacturing technique based on electron beam melting 3D printing by 3D printing equipment, 3D printing technique is overcome size and dimension etc. the defects of, overcome restriction of the cutting to parts complexity etc., it is not necessary to carry out secondary operation to the part after processing, avoids the problem of part occurs deforming and is difficult to when big clamping difficulty, mismachining tolerance, processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling.
Background technology
Metal melting 3D printing technique (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) is directly molten using high brightness laser
Change metal powder material, without binding agent, the arbitrarily complicated constitutional detail suitable with cast properties is gone out by 3D model straight formings.
Although metal melting 3D printing technique can mold the part for reaching casting intensity rank, zero molded
The form error of part is big, surface smoothness is not high, and so, the part after shaping then needs to use traditional machining mode pair
This carries out secondary operation, can just obtain the shape and surface accuracy required by aeronautical manufacture industry.And the big portion of Aero-Space industry
Divide the combustion chamber of part, such as engine nozzle, blade, honeycomb, usually complex thin-wall or truss core structure, or
Larger-size shape, or the shape such as free form surface, when the part processed using metal melting 3D printing technique, then put
When entering lathe progress secondary operation, then problems be present：
1), clamping is difficult, or after clamping, because coordinate transform can not be accurately positioned part reference point, causes mismachining tolerance
Greatly；
2), for the part of thin-wall construction, during processing, due to the face without support part, part stress deformation is caused；
3), part due to internal structure it is complicated, cutter can not insert into the inner portion, cause to be difficult to.
Due to the above problems, current metal melting 3D printing technique is caused although to have been applied to airplane parts
In the manufacturing, but application surface is narrower, is only applied to some parts not high to precision, intensity requirement, or shape is simpler
And easily in the processing of the part of secondary mechanical processing, also there is larger gap in distance extensive use.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling, it is intended to solves existing skill
In art, secondary operation is carried out in lathe using the part of metal melting 3D printing technique processing, clamping difficulty, mismachining tolerance be present
Greatly, part mutability and the problem of be difficult to.
The present invention is achieved in that electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling, including pedestal, the base
Seat is provided with the processing platform vertically moved；The pedestal is provided with to be formed for metal powder to be laid on into the processing platform
The powdering structure of metal bisque；Electron beam emitting structural is respectively equipped with above the processing platform and can be moved in solid space
Dynamic laser milling head；The metal bisque that the electron beam emitting structural launching electronics beam is pointed on the processing platform is carried out
Melt-processed is to form single or multiple lift approximation body；The laser milling hair penetrates laser beam to being formed in the processing platform
On single or multiple lift approximation body carry out Milling Process.
Further, the pedestal is provided with two guide rails being separately arranged side by side, and the processing platform is located at two institutes
State between guide rail；The powdering structure includes scraper and Chu Fenxiang, and the both ends of the scraper are movably connected with described in two
Guide rail, there is gap between the lower end of the scraper and the processing platform；The storage powder case has upper end open and for filling
The powder storing chamber of metal powder is put, the through hole to be alignd with the upper end open of the powder storing chamber is provided with the pedestal；The storage powder case
Be provided with powder storing chamber it is vertically movable and for metal powder to be transported to fortune powder platform on the pedestal, the fortune powder platform respectively with institute
State the upper end open and through hole alignment of powder storing chamber.
Further, the pedestal is provided with two guide rails being separately arranged side by side, and the processing platform is located at two institutes
State between guide rail；The powdering structure includes scraper and the leakage powder case above the scraper, the both ends point of the scraper
Two guide rails are not movably connected on, and there is gap between the lower end of the scraper and the processing platform；In the leakage powder case
Provided with the powder storing chamber for device metal powder, the lower end of the leakage powder case is provided with powder leakage hole, and the upper end of the scraper, which is provided with, to be used for
Collect the collection powder tank of the metal powder fallen via the powder leakage hole.
Further, the powdering structure includes two scrapers and two leakage powder casees, two scrapers point
The front end and rear end of the processing platform are not provided with, and two leakage powder casees are respectively positioned at the top of two scrapers.
Further, the both sides of the processing platform are respectively provided with the metal that detection is laid on the processing platform
The sensor of powder layer thickness.
Further, the electron beam emitting structural includes the electron beam generator of launching electronics beam and is powered to produce magnetic
The coil of field, the electron beam of the electron beam generator transmitting pass through magnetic field caused by the coil.
Further, door frame is connected with two guide rails, the door frame includes two companies separately arranged
Arm and crossbeam are connect, the lower end of two linking arms is respectively and movably connected on two guide rails, the both ends of the crossbeam
It is connected to the upper end of two linking arms；The mobile terminal of cross beam movement, the shifting are connected with the crossbeam
The connecting plate moved up and down relative to the mobile terminal is connected with of moved end, the laser milling head is connected to described
On connecting plate.
Further, the cooling line provided with Cooling Water circulation in the laser milling head.
Further, the compound 3D printing equipment of the electron beam melting and laser milling also includes collection box, the recovery
Have in case and be used for the reclaiming chamber that device reclaims metal powder on the pedestal, the collection box is located at the lower section of the pedestal, institute
State the recovery port that the reclaiming chamber is communicated with pedestal.
Further, processing space of the compound 3D printing apparatus of the electron beam melting and laser milling in Processing Room
Interior, the processing space of the Processing Room is in vacuum shape or filled with inert gas.
Compared with prior art, the compound 3D printing equipment processing zero of electron beam melting and laser milling provided by the invention
Part, using the electron beam of electron beam emitting structural transmitting successively after molten metal bisque, the laser that is gone out using laser milling hair
Beam carries out Milling Process to single or multiple lift approximation body, and circulating repetition will be until part completion of processing, the 3D printing equipment will pass
The removal formula Precision Machining based on laser milling of system and the increment layered manufacturing technique based on electron beam melting 3D printing
Become one, traditional 3D printing technique can be overcome to overcome cutting size and dimension precision etc. the defects of
The restriction to parts complexity etc. is processed, so, then secondary operation need not be carried out to the part after processing, avoid
Current clamping is difficult, mismachining tolerance is big, processing when part the problem of occurring deforming and being difficult to, opened up for 3D printing technique
More wide application space, new ways and means is provided for the manufacturing of aerospace industries core precision parts；
In addition, carrying out Milling Process to single or multiple lift approximation body using laser beam, belong to contactless Milling Process, avoid tradition
Formula cutter directly directly contacts the defects of processing is present with single or multiple lift approximation body, greatly improves the precision of Milling Process.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional signal of the compound 3D printing equipment of electron beam melting and laser milling provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the schematic perspective view of laser milling head provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
It is described in detail below in conjunction with realization of the specific embodiment to the present invention.
It is preferred embodiment provided by the invention as shown in Fig. 1~2.
3D printing equipment 1 provided by the invention, laser milling processing and electron beam melting are compounded with, it can be used for being molded
The required part of various parts, such as aeronautical manufacture industry.
Electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment 1 of laser milling include pedestal 100, powdering structure, electron beam emitter junction
Structure 101 and laser milling first 114, wherein, basis of the pedestal 100 as whole 3D printing equipment 1, play carrying effect, base
Seat 100 is provided with the processing platform 109 vertically moved, and metal powder is laid on the processing platform 109；Powdering structure
It is arranged on pedestal 100, powdering structure is used to metal powder etc. being transported to processing platform 109, and metal powder is in processing platform
Metal bisque is formed on 109；Electron beam emitting structural 101 is located at the top of processing platform 109, and its transmitting can move in horizontal plane
Dynamic electron beam, and the electron beam is used to carry out melt-processed to the metal bisque formed on processing platform 109 to form list
Layer or multi layer approximation body；Laser milling first 114 is located at the top of processing platform 109, its can Three-dimensional movable in space, should
Laser milling first 114 can launch laser beam and carry out milling to the single or multiple lift approximation body of melt molding on processing platform 109
Cut processing.
Shown in reference picture 1, the X/Y plane parallel to processing platform 109 is set as horizontal plane, Z-direction is then vertical direction,
Plane perpendicular to horizontal plane is perpendicular, and so, processing platform 109 can move up and down along Z-direction, electron beam transmitting
The electron beam that structure 101 is launched moves in X/Y plane, and laser milling first 114 can move in X, Y, Z-direction.
In the above-mentioned compound 3D printing equipment 1 of electron beam melting and laser milling, sent out using electron beam emitting structural 101
The electron beam melting metal bisque penetrated carries out 3D printing, using the laser beam of first 114 transmitting of laser milling to electron beam emitter junction
The single or multiple lift approximation body that structure 101 is processed every time carries out Milling Process, merges 3D printing technique and Milling Process is integrated.
During actual processing, its specific operation process is as follows：
1), metal powder is delivered on processing platform 109 by powdering structure, and is laid on processing platform 109, forms metal
Bisque；According to 3D printing technique, the launching electronics beam of electron beam emitting structural 101 melts to the metal bisque on processing platform 109
Processing, successively accumulation forms the approximate body of single or multiple lift line by line；
2), using the laser beam of first 114 transmitting of laser milling to the approximation of the single or multiple lift formed on processing platform 109
Body carries out milling, to reach the size and surface accuracy needed for component；
3), repetitive cycling above-mentioned steps 1) and step 2), the shape completion of processing of part to the end always.
Above-mentioned steps 1 are completed every time) and 2), processing platform 109 can then move down certain distance, to ensure to rearrange
Distance between the focus for the electron beam that metal bisque and electron beam emitting structural 101 on processing platform 109 are launched is kept
It is constant.In step 1), moved using the electron beam that electron beam emitting structural 101 is sent in horizontal plane, on processing platform 109
Metal bisque in be molded single or multiple lift approximation body；In step 2), the laser beam using first 114 transmitting of laser milling exists
Solid space moves, can be to the comprehensive carry out milling of various types of single or multiple lift approximation bodies.
The compound 3D printing equipment 1 of electron beam melting and laser milling provided using the present embodiment processes part, utilizes electricity
Beamlet successively after molten metal bisque, is carried out using the laser beam of first 114 transmitting of laser milling to single or multiple lift approximation body
Milling Process, circulating repetition is until part completion of processing, and the 3D printing equipment is by traditional removal formula based on laser milling
Precision Machining becomes one with the increment layered manufacturing technique based on electron beam melting 3D printing, and traditional 3D can be overcome to beat
Print technology can also overcome machining to parts complexity etc. size and dimension precision etc. the defects of
Restrict, so, then need not carry out secondary operation to the part after processing, avoid current clamping difficulty, mismachining tolerance is big, processes
When part the problem of occurring deforming and being difficult to, open up more wide application space for 3D printing technique, navigated for aviation
The manufacturing of its industry core precision parts provides new ways and means.
In addition, Milling Process, category are carried out to single or multiple lift approximation body using the laser beam of first 114 transmitting of laser milling
In contactless Milling Process, avoid traditional type cutter from directly being contacted directly with single or multiple lift approximation body existing for processing and lack
Fall into, greatly improve the precision of Milling Process.
In the present embodiment, the guide rail 105 that two rows separately arrange parallel, two cloth of guide rail 105 are provided with pedestal 100
Put in the both sides of processing platform 109；Powdering structure includes scraper 104 and storage powder case 103, the both ends activity respectively of scraper 104
It is connected on two guide rails 105, so, scraper 104 can then move in the horizontal plane along guide rail 105, and under scraper 104
There is gap between end face and processing platform 109；Storing up powder case 103 has the powder storing chamber of upper end open, the powder storing chamber of storage powder case 103
For storing metal powder, the storage powder case 103 is located at the lower section of pedestal 100, and in pedestal 100, is communicated with the storage powder case 103
The through hole of upper end open, that is to say, that through hole aligns with storing up the upper end open of powder case 103, and certainly, the through hole also is located at two and led
Between rail 105.
The fortune powder platform that can be moved up and down, the upper end open of the fortune powder platform and storage powder case 103 are additionally provided with powder case 103 is stored up
And the through hole difference alignment in pedestal 100, so, when scraper 104 needs to lay metal powder layer on processing platform 109
When, transport and carry metal powder on powder platform, and move up, it is each passed through the upper end open of storage powder case 103 and leading to for pedestal 100
Hole, until metal powder is emerging on pedestal 100, so, metal powder can be then scraped using scraper 104 to processing platform 109,
Metal bisque is formed, certainly, the thickness of the metal bisque formed every time on processing platform 109, with the lower end of scraper 104 and processing
The gap of platform 109 is consistent.
So, according to actual processing needs, then the thickness of metal bisque being laid on every time on processing platform 109 can be selected
Degree, it is only necessary to adjust scraper 104, the gap adjusted between the lower end of scraper 104 and processing platform 109 then may be used.
As preferred embodiment, in the present embodiment, powdering structure includes on two above-mentioned scrapers 104 and two
The storage powder case 103 stated, so, the both ends of two scrapers 104 are respectively and movably connected on two guide rails 105, and two scrapers 104
The front end and rear end of processing platform 109 are separately positioned on, so, when carrying out powdering using scraper 104, then can utilize two
The interactive operation of scraper 104, substantially increases powdering efficiency.
Or as other embodiments, in the present embodiment, powdering structure can also be including above-mentioned scraper 104 and
Powder case is leaked, the leakage powder case is located at the top of pedestal 100, is provided with powder storing chamber, and metal powder is then stored in the storage powder of the leakage powder case
In chamber.Powder leakage hole, powder leakage hole connection leakage powder chamber are provided with the lower end of leakage powder case, the metal powder of leakage powder intracavitary can pass through the leakage
Powder hole falls on pedestal 100, and carries out powdering by scraper 104 and operate, and metal powder is laid on processing platform 109, forms gold
Belong to bisque.
Specifically, powder leakage hole is disposed to extend in strip, so, ensures to carry out the metal bisque after powdering by scraper 104
Width meet use needs.Generally, ensure that the length of powder leakage hole is slightly larger than the width of processing platform 109.
Certainly, leak the structure of powder from top to bottom for setting leakage powder case to realize, two leakage powder casees can also be set, respectively position
In the front end of the top of processing platform 109 and rear end, also, coordinate two scrapers 104, realize interactive powdering operation.
It is flat in processing in the present embodiment in order to be detected to the thickness for the metal bisque being laid on processing platform 109
The both sides of platform 109 are respectively equipped with sensor 107, and the sensor 107 is for the metal bisque to being laid on processing platform 109
Thickness is detected, and the information that sensor 107 detects is by feeding back to control centre, and then by control centre to processing platform
Gap between 109 and scraper 104 is adjusted.
Specifically, for the more accurate thickness of detection metal bisque, the present embodiment, in the both sides of processing platform 109,
Extend along the side of processing platform 109, be respectively disposed with multiple above-mentioned sensors 107.
Electron beam emitting structural 101 includes electron beam generator and coil, wherein, electron beam generator can launch electricity
Beamlet, the magnetic field that its electron beam launched is formed by coil electricity, so, by the regulation to coil magnetic field, then can change
Become the transmission path of electron beam, realize movement of the electron beam in horizontal plane, the shape for processing approximate body component as needed will
Ask, accordingly magnetic field caused by regulating winding, so as to realize the skew of electron beam.
Being moved up and down to realize on processing platform 109, the above-mentioned lower section of processing platform 109 is connected with lift motor 111,
Using the power drive of the lift motor 111, driving processing platform 109 moves up and down, when each powdering structure is flat in processing
After laying layer of metal bisque on platform 109, hoistable platform then controls processing platform 109 to decline fixed range, so as to ensure electronics
The distance that the focus for the electron beam that beam emitting structural 101 is launched falls on metal bisque is constant.
In the present embodiment, door frame 106 is provided with two guide rails 105, the door frame 106 includes the spaced apart connection of two-phase
Arm 1062 and crossbeam 1061, the lower end of two linking arms 1062 are respectively and movably connected on two guide rails 105, and can be along guide rail
105 movements, crossbeam 1061 are connected to the upper end of two linking arms 1062, and so, crossbeam 1061 is in then to be arranged in two across shape to lead
Between rail 105.Mobile terminal 112 is connected with crossbeam 1061, the movement terminal 112 can move along crossbeam 1061
It is dynamic.
Connecting plate 113 is also connected with above-mentioned mobile terminal, the connecting plate 113 can be relatively moved on terminal
Lower movement, that is, along vertically movable, move along the Z direction.Laser milling first 114 is connected on the connecting plate 113, this
Sample, when connecting plate 113 is when vertically movable, laser milling first 114 is also therewith vertically movable.
In such a configuration, crossbeam 1061 can move along two guide rails 105, that is, move along the Y direction, move
Moved end 112 can move along crossbeam 1061, that is, move along the X direction, and connecting plate 113 is relative on connecting plate 113
Lower movement, that is, moved along Z-direction, so, laser milling first 114 can then move in solid space.
In addition, being provided with cooling line 115 in laser milling first 114, Cooling Water connects in the cooling line 115, so,
By the circulation cooling water in cooling line 115, then the flowing of cooling water can be utilized, take away a structure in laser milling first 114
Caused heat in the part course of work, the effect of radiating is played, ensure laser milling first 114 preferable operating efficiency and performance.
In the present embodiment, electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment 1 of laser milling also include metal powder recovery structure, should
Metal powder recovery structure is reclaimed for will process remaining metal powder on pedestal 100, so, is then advantageous to following for metal powder
Ring utilizes.
Specifically, metal powder recovery structure includes collection box 110, and the gold for being used for accommodating recovery is provided with the collection box 110
Belong to the reclaiming chamber of powder, collection box 110 is located at the lower section of pedestal 100, recovery port is provided with pedestal 100, and the recovery port connects back
The reclaiming chamber of case 110 is received, so, remaining metal powder is processed on pedestal 100 then can enter collection box 110 by recovery port
In reclaiming chamber, the metal powder in reclaiming chamber, carry out residue and filter out, then can recirculate use.
In the present embodiment, recovery port is arranged in the side of processing platform 109, certainly, along moving during 104 powdering of scraper
Direction, recovery port are arranged in the rear end of processing platform 109；Or coordinate the operation of interactive powdering for two scrapers 104,
Recovery port can be separately positioned on the front end and rear end of processing platform 109；Or can be with cloth as other embodiments, recovery port
The both sides for the processing platform 109 put.
In order that obtaining electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment 1 of laser milling during processing, metal powder will not
It is oxidized, so that the performance of the part of shaping is preferable, in the present embodiment, electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing of laser milling
Equipment 1 also includes Processing Room, has processing space in the Processing Room, and the processing space is in vacuum state, or, processing space
Inert gas is inside filled with, above-mentioned pedestal 100 is arranged in the processing space of Processing Room, that is, electron beam melting and laser milling
The compound device of 3D printing equipment 1 is cut in the processing space of Processing Room, so, it is possible to reduce when environment is to metal melting or solidification
Influence, improve the machinery and physical property of metal, for metal electron beam melt 3D printing technique open up it is more wide should
With space, new ways and means is provided for the manufacturing of refractory metal.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (2)
1. electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling, it is characterised in that including pedestal, the pedestal is provided with edge
Vertically movable processing platform；The pedestal, which is provided with, to be used to metal powder being laid on the processing platform formation metal bisque
Powdering structure；Electron beam emitting structural and the laser milling that can be moved in solid space are respectively equipped with above the processing platform
Cut head；The electron beam emitting structural launching electronics beam be pointed to metal bisque on the processing platform carry out melt-processed with
Form single or multiple lift approximation body；The laser milling hair penetrate laser beam to formed individual layer on the processing platform or
Multi layer approximation body carries out Milling Process.
2. electron beam melting as claimed in claim 1 and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling, it is characterised in that the pedestal
Two guide rails being separately arranged side by side are provided with, the processing platform is between two guide rails；The powdering structure bag
Include scraper and Chu Fenxiang, the both ends of the scraper are movably connected with two guide rails, the lower end of the scraper with it is described
There is gap between processing platform；The storage powder case has upper end open and for the powder storing chamber of device metal powder, the pedestal
In be provided with the through hole that is alignd with the upper end open of the powder storing chamber；It is provided with vertically movable in the powder storing chamber of the storage powder case and is used for
Fortune powder platform metal powder being transported on the pedestal, it is described to transport the powder platform upper end open and through hole pair with the powder storing chamber respectively
Neat arrangement.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710802558.5A CN107552787A (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | Electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710802558.5A CN107552787A (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | Electron beam melting and the compound 3D printing equipment of laser milling |
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| CN107552787A true CN107552787A (en) | 2018-01-09 |
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ID=60980004
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111151744A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-05-15 | 汕头大学 | EBM and femtosecond laser-based cutting integrated additive manufacturing equipment and method |
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| US20100044922A1 (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensionally shaped object |
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Application publication date: 20180109 |