CN107490918B - A kind of ultra-low noise amplifier in optical frequency standard transmitting - Google Patents
A kind of ultra-low noise amplifier in optical frequency standard transmitting Download PDFInfo
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- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
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Abstract
A kind of image intensifer of ultra-low noise in optical frequency standard transmitting, including PID circuit board, phase discriminator, photodetector, electrooptic modulator, acousto-optic modulator, 1 × 2 photo-coupler, circulator, from laser, voltage controlled oscillator, low-pass filter, bandpass filter and radio frequency amplifier, based on from laser injection locking principle, two-stage PID/feedback loop is devised.Feedback control loop one of the present invention ensure that injection optical frequency and a wide range of real-time tracking from laser optical frequency, automatic locking, injection optical frequency and from the locking of laser output light frequency phase is realized by the feedback control loop of the second level, to realize the ultra-low noise amplification of transmission optical frequency.The optical frequency reference signal for accurately regenerating transmission can be held in distant, whole system realizes narrow bandwidth, high-gain, ultra-low noise simultaneously, suitable for fields such as light clock comparison, the transmitting of optical frequency standard, helps to mitigate Transmission system complexity, improve the transmission precision of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the transmission of high-precision optical fiber optical frequency, especially a kind of long-distance optical fiber optical frequency Transmission system
In ultra-low noise amplifier, main purpose be the loss of signal light power in long-distance optical fiber transmitting is compensated, thus
The frequency reference signal for accurately restoring local side is held in distant, can be applied to the fields such as light clock compares, optical frequency transmits.
Background technique
High-precision frequency standard and its transmitting with to compare be precisely punctual time service, precise navigation positioning, radar network composite, deep space
General character underlying issue and core key in the great infrastructure constructions and front line science research such as detection, delicate metering and measurement
One of technology.Being constantly progressive with modern clock technology in terms of standard, the second for the ground hydrogen atomic clock that GPS/ Beidou uses are steady
Fixed degree has reached 1 × 10-13Magnitude, while the frequency uncertainty for establishing the Cesium atomic fountain clock of current international time-frequency standard can
Less than 1 × 10-15.In recent years, it is expected to the frequency stability for becoming the light clock of time-frequency standard of new generation and uncertainty is reached
1×10-18Magnitude.In order to transmit such high-precision optical frequency standard, traditional satellite transmission method far can not expire
Sufficient demand, thus the high-precision optical Frequency Transfer technology based on optical fiber is come into being.It has been demonstrated that, the frequency based on optical fiber passes
The technology of passing can satisfy the transmitting demand of optical frequency standard, but technique in transmittance process in addition to needing to optical fiber
Except the noise that link introduces compensates, signal power loss caused by long-distance link transmission is compensated, is improved
The signal-to-noise ratio of detectable signal is also extremely important.
In order to which the loss to signal power compensates, there has been proposed a variety of solutions.First technology one:
Grosche G,Terra O,Predehl K,et al.Optical frequency transfer via 146km fiber
link with 10-19Relative accuracy [J] .Optics letters, 2009,34 (15): 2270-2272 passes through
The signal power of loss is compensated using fiber bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).But due to the amplification of two-way EDFA
Any optoisolator cannot be used with roomy and two-way operation, so the end face reflection, Rayleigh scattering light in link can be right
EDFA generates unnecessary light feedback, and that triggers EDFA is excited effect, this just limits gain (the usually 18- of EDFA
20dB), and the stability that optical frequency is transmitted can be deteriorated.
First technology two: Terra O, Grosche G, Schnatz H.Brillouin amplification in
phase coherent transfer of optical frequencies over 480km fiber[J].Optics
Express, 2010,18 (15): 16102-16111 proposes the scheme of optical fiber Brillouin amplification.Optical fiber Brillouin amplifier
The advantages of be signal amplification bandwidth it is small (usually less than 30MHz).In the scene of a typical optical frequency transmitting, optical frequency
The optical frequency of bi-directional and both direction differs tens MHz to signal in a fiber.In this way when using optical fiber Brillouin amplifier,
The optical frequency of both direction can amplify respectively, so as to avoid rayleigh backscattering signal amplification to amplifier gain and transmitting
The influence of stability.However, the gain bandwidth small due to optical fiber Brillouin amplifier, in order to guarantee the effect of amplification, usual cloth
In the optical frequency needs of deep pumping laser be locked in the optical frequency for being amplified optical signal, increase the complexity of system, and due to it
Optical pumping is still used, so can also deteriorate the performance of transmission system to a certain extent.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes that the ultra-low noise amplifier in a kind of transmitting of optical frequency standard, the amplifier are infused from laser
On the basis of entering locking realization narrow bandwidth, high-gain light amplification, two-stage PID/feedback loop is devised, first order feedback control loop is protected
Injection optical frequency and a wide range of real-time tracking from laser optical frequency have been demonstrate,proved, it is automatic to lock；The feedback control loop of the second level realizes note
Enter optical frequency and the locking from laser output light frequency phase, to realize the ultra-low noise amplification of transmission optical frequency.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
A kind of ultra-low noise amplifier in optical frequency standard transmitting, it is characterized in that, including the one 1 × 2nd optical coupling
Device, electrooptic modulator, acousto-optic modulator, circulator, from laser, the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler, the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler,
41 × 2 photo-couplers, radio frequency band filter, the first radio frequency amplifier, radio frequency reference signal circuit, the first phase discriminator, first
PID circuit board, radio frequency low-pass filter, the second radio frequency amplifier, the second phase discriminator, the 2nd PID circuit board, the first photodetection
Device, the second photodetector and voltage controlled oscillator；
The radio frequency reference signal circuit issues three road frequency reference signals: first via transmitting local frequency reference signal enters
The reference frequency input port of first phase discriminator, the second road frequency reference signal enter the reference frequency input terminal of the second phase discriminator
Mouthful, third road frequency reference signal enters the microwave input port of the electrooptic modulator, optical frequency reference signal through the 1st ×
After the input port input of 2 photo-couplers, pass through the optical frequency of the first output port output of the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler
Standard signal is inputted through the optical input ports of electrooptic modulator, modulates to form swashing with modulation sideband, by electrooptic modulator
Light, the output end through the electrooptic modulator are connected with the optical input port of acousto-optic modulator, and the delivery outlet of the acousto-optic modulator connects
Connect the first port of circulator, the output light injection of the second port of circulator is from the optical port of laser, through from laser
It is exported after amplification from the optical port, returns to the second port of circulator, then the 2nd 1 is output to by the third port of circulator ×
Input light is divided into two tunnels through the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler by 2 photo-couplers, all the way the first output through the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler
End output is incident on after the first photodetector generates radiofrequency signal and is successively inputted through radio frequency band filter and radio frequency amplifier
By phase discriminator after the signal frequency input terminal of first phase discriminator, with the transmitting local frequency reference signal fusing generation error signal
Output end output passes through from the current-modulation mouth of laser through PID circuit output control signal and inputs, carries out electric current to from laser
Modulation；Another way is exported through the second output terminal of the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler, is divided into two-way through the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler, wherein
Optical fiber chain all the way is exported as amplified optical frequency output injection under from the first output end of the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler all the way
In road or be supplied to user's use, in addition exported all the way from the second output terminal mouth of the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler, and by this
The optical frequency reference signal of the second output terminal mouth output of one 1 × 2 photo-couplers closes beam on the 41 × 2nd photo-coupler
Afterwards, the output end through the 41 × 2nd photo-coupler is output to the second photodetector beat frequency and generates radiofrequency signal, the radiofrequency signal
Successively it is input to after radio frequency low-pass filter and the second radio frequency amplifier by the signal frequency input port of the second phase discriminator
The output port output error signal by the second phase discriminator is passed through in second phase discriminator, and after comparing with the second road frequency reference signal
To the 2nd PID circuit, through the 2nd PID circuit output control signal function in voltage controlled oscillator, voltage controlled oscillator output is penetrated
Frequency signal function is in acousto-optic modulator, so that acousto-optic modulator be driven to carry out frequency modulation(PFM), completes second level PID loop feedback.
The injection locking process of the slave laser is locked by two-stage PID/feedback loop, and the first order is for injecting
It optical frequency and is locked from the automatic wide range of frequencies of laser optical frequency, the second level is for injecting optical frequency and the phase from laser optical frequency
Locking.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) based on the injection locking principle from laser, in lock state, from the output characteristics and injection light of laser
The characteristic of frequency is consistent, and in dim light injection, injects optical frequency and locking bandwidth from laser optical frequency is smaller, so will
Its as signal regenerative amplification in use, narrow bandwidth (be less than 100MHz), high-gain (40-50dB) two can be met simultaneously
Feature.Compared to EDFA, gain bandwidth is small, high gain；Compared to optical fiber Brillouin amplifier, optical pumping is not needed,
Structure is simple, easy to use.
2) two-stage PID/feedback loop is devised, first order feedback control loop ensure that injection optical frequency and from laser optical frequency
A wide range of real-time tracking, it is automatic to lock；The feedback control loop of the second level exists the PGC demodulation of the optical frequency signal amplified from laser
In the phase of injection optical frequency, eliminating the additive phase fluctuation that injection locking process introduces, (additional frequency fluctuation is less than
1mHz), compared to above two optical amplifier means, the ultra-low noise amplification of transmission optical frequency is realized.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the ultra-low noise amplifier structural schematic diagram in optical frequency standard transmitting of the present invention；
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the invention will be further described, but protection model of the invention should not be limited with this
It encloses.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the ultra-low noise amplifier structural schematic diagram in optical frequency standard transmitting of the present invention, by
Scheme the ultra-low noise amplifier as it can be seen that in a kind of transmitting of optical frequency standard, including the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler 11, electric light tune
Device 12 processed, acousto-optic modulator 13, circulator 14, from laser 15, the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler 16, the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler
17, the 41 × 2nd photo-coupler 18, radio frequency band filter 19, the first radio frequency amplifier 20, radio frequency reference signal circuit 21,
One phase discriminator 22, the first PID circuit board 23, low-pass filter 24, the second radio frequency amplifier 25, the second phase discriminator 26, second
PID circuit board 27, the first photodetector 28, the second photodetector 29 and voltage controlled oscillator 30.
Radio frequency reference signal circuit 21 described in Fig. 1 issues three road frequency reference signals: first via transmitting local frequency reference
Signal 211 enters the frequency reference input port 221 of the first phase discriminator 22 in feedback control loop one, the second road frequency reference signal
212 enter the frequency reference input port 261 of the second phase discriminator 26 in feedback control loop two, and third road frequency reference signal enters institute
The microwave input port 122 for the electrooptic modulator 12 stated.
The output of above-mentioned radio frequency reference signal circuit at least three tunnel radiofrequency signals.In one embodiment of the invention
211 ports and 212 ports export 1GHz radiofrequency signal, and 213 ports export 80MHz radiofrequency signal.If the phase demodulation of phase discriminator is defeated
Enter frequency range increase, then the rf frequency of 211 ports and the output of 212 ports can increase.It in actual use, can be by this
Radio frequency reference signal circuit is locked on standard radio frequency source (such as rubidium clock), to improve the performance of two feedback control loops.
Optical frequency reference signal is inputted through the input terminal 111 of the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler 11 in Fig. 1, thereafter again from the 1st
After the output end 112 of × 2 photo-couplers 11 exports, the optical input port 121 of input electrooptic modulator 12, which is modulated, makes its shape
At the laser with modulation sideband, the optics output end 123 of the electrooptic modulator 12 and the optical input port of acousto-optic modulator 13
131 are connected, the first port 141 of the connection circulator 14 of output optical port 133 of the acousto-optic modulator 13, and the second of circulator 14
The output light injection of port 142 from the optical port 152 of laser 15, and after through being returned from the amplified optical signal of laser 15
The port 152 and the second port 142 for inputting circulator 14, then exported by the third port 143 of circulator 14.
The output of the third port 143 of above-mentioned circulator 14 is amplified optical frequency signal.At of the invention one
It in embodiment, injects from optical signal power < 1uw of laser 15, is 20mw from the output of laser 15, therefore the gain amplifier
>40dB.Gain amplifier in practice by from laser 15 output power and injected optical power determine that injected optical power can lead to
Overregulate the coupling ratio of the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler 11 to be adjusted, in one embodiment of the invention 1 × 2 optical coupling
The coupling ratio of device 11 is 2:8.
The amplified optical signal that the third port 143 of circulator 14 exports is input to the defeated of the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler 16
Input light is divided into two by the 161, the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler 16 of inbound port, and light is input to through the first output port 162 all the way
The first photodetector 28 in feedback control loop one carries out direct detection, and the radiofrequency signal detected is successively filtered via radio frequency band logical
The signal frequency input port 222 that the first phase discriminator 22 is inputted after wave device 19, the processing of radio frequency amplifier 20, joins with radio frequency above-mentioned
It examines signal 221 and compares generation error signal, which is exported by 22 delivery outlet 223 of the first phase discriminator to PID circuit 23
Input port 231 exports control signal to the electric current tune from laser 15 from 232 mouthfuls after proportional-integral-differential signal processing
Donsole 151, to carry out frequency modulation(PFM) to from laser.
The above process realizes feedback control loop one.In one embodiment of the invention, the tune of the first photodetector 28
Sideband processed is 1GHz, when keeping injecting lock state, is generated without error signal, and once injects optical frequency and from laser 15
Optical frequency shift, then 22 output error signal of the first phase discriminator generates control signal modulation after handling via PID circuit 23
From the driving current of laser 15, so that it is mobile from the optical frequency of laser 15, it is protected until injection optical frequency and from 15 optical frequency of laser
Holding error signal when unanimously relocking is zero, stops moving from the optical frequency of laser 15 at this time.The feedback ensure that injection light
Frequency and a wide range of real-time tracking from laser optical frequency, it is automatic to lock.
The light that the second output terminal mouth 163 of the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler 16 exports in Fig. 1 passes through the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler
17 points are two-way, wherein 172 ports in optical fiber link or are supplied to as amplified optical frequency output injection under all the way all the way
User uses, and the output of the second output terminal mouth 113 of the output of 173 port of another way and the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler 11 is the 4th 1
Close beam on × 2 photo-couplers 18,183 output optical signal of output port of the 41 × 2nd photo-coupler 18 to feedback control loop two
The second photodetector 29 on, obtained beat signal is successively after radio frequency low-pass filter 24 and radio frequency amplifier 25
It is input in the signal frequency input port 262 of the second phase discriminator 26, the error signal after being compared with reference signal 261 above-mentioned
The input port 271 of PID circuit 27 is input to via the output port 263 of the second phase discriminator 26, through proportional-integral-differential circuit
From 272 mouthfuls of output control signal functions in the frequency modulation(PFM) port 301 of voltage controlled oscillator 30, the voltage controlled oscillation after signal processing
The output action of device is in the rf input port 132 of acousto-optic modulator 13 to drive acousto-optic modulator 13 to carry out frequency modulation(PFM).
The above process realizes feedback control loop two.It is locked in bandwidth when injection optical frequency and from laser optical frequency difference in injection
When, it is locked out in Injection Signal optical frequency from the optical frequency of laser, but their relative phase expression formula is as follows:
As can be seen from the above equation, even if realizing feedback control loop one, so that be locked in injection optical frequency from laser optical frequency,
Relative phase between them can still change with the variation of all many reference amounts, so that amplified signal introduces additionally
Phase noise.In an embodiment of the invention, use the AOM that centre frequency is 80MHz as the execution of PGC demodulation
Device carries out PGC demodulation by injection optical frequency and from laser optical frequency, ensure that the additional frequency fluctuation in injection locking process
Less than 1mHz.To realize the ultra-low noise amplification of transmission optical frequency.
Claims (2)
1. the ultra-low noise amplifier in a kind of optical frequency standard transmitting, which is characterized in that including the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler
(11), electrooptic modulator (12), acousto-optic modulator (13), circulator (14), from laser (15), the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler
(16), the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler (17), the 41 × 2nd photo-coupler (18), radio frequency band filter (19), the first radio frequency are put
Big device (20), radio frequency reference signal circuit (21), the first phase discriminator (22), the first PID circuit board (23), radio frequency low-pass filter
(24), the second radio frequency amplifier (25), the second phase discriminator (26), the 2nd PID circuit board (27), the first photodetector (28),
Second photodetector (29) and voltage controlled oscillator (30)；
The radio frequency reference signal circuit (21) issues three road frequency reference signals: first via transmitting local frequency reference signal
(211) enter the reference frequency input port (221) of the first phase discriminator (22), the second road frequency reference signal (212) enters the
The reference frequency input port (261) of two phase discriminators (26), third road frequency reference signal enter the electrooptic modulator
(12) microwave input port (122)；
After the input terminal (111) of one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler (11) receives optical frequency reference signal, by the 1st ×
The first output port (112) of 2 photo-couplers (11) exports optics frequency standard signal, and the optics through electrooptic modulator (12)
Input port (121) is input to electrooptic modulator (12), and being formed by electrooptic modulator (12) modulation has swashing for modulation sideband,
After light, the optical input port (131) of output end (123) and acousto-optic modulator (13) through the electrooptic modulator (12) is input to sound
Optical modulator (13), the first port (141) of delivery outlet (133) connection circulator (14) of the acousto-optic modulator (13), annular
The output light of the second port (142) of device (14) is passed through from the injection of the optical port (152) of laser (15) from laser (15), is passed through
Should be after laser (15) amplification through that should be exported from the optical port (152) of laser (15), successively the through circulator (14)
The input terminal (161) of Two-port netwerk (142), third port (143) and the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler (16) inputs the 21 × 2nd optocoupler
Input light is divided into two tunnels by clutch (16), the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler (16), all the way through the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler (16)
First output end (162) output is incident on after the first photodetector (28) generation radiofrequency signal successively through radio frequency bandpass filtering
The signal frequency input terminal (222) of device (19), radio frequency amplifier (20) and the first phase discriminator (22) inputs the first phase discriminator (22),
And compared with the transmitting local frequency reference signal (211) generate error signal after by the first phase discriminator (22) output end
(223) it exports, exports control signal through the first PID circuit board (23) and pass through from the input of the current-modulation mouth (151) of laser (15),
Current-modulation is carried out to from laser (15)；Another way is exported through the second output terminal (163) of the 21 × 2nd photo-coupler (16),
It is further divided into two-way through the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler (17), wherein all the way from the first output end of the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler (17)
(172) output in optical fiber link or is supplied to user and uses all the way as amplified optical frequency output injection under, in addition all the way
It is exported from the second output terminal (173) of the 31 × 2nd photo-coupler (17), and pass through the one 1 × 2nd photo-coupler (11) the
After the optical frequency reference signal of two output ports (113) output closes beam on the 41 × 2nd photo-coupler (18), through the 4th 1
The output end (183) of × 2 photo-couplers (18) is output to the second photodetector (29) beat frequency and generates radiofrequency signal, radio frequency letter
Number successively after radio frequency low-pass filter (24) and the second radio frequency amplifier (25), pass through the signal frequency of the second phase discriminator (26)
Input port (262) is input in the second phase discriminator (26), and is passed through after comparing with the second road frequency reference signal (212) by second
Output port (263) output error signal of phase discriminator (26) is to the 2nd PID circuit board (27), through the 2nd PID circuit board
(27) output control signal function acts on acousto-optic tune in voltage controlled oscillator (30), the voltage controlled oscillator (30) output radiofrequency signal
Device (13) processed completes second level PID loop feedback so that acousto-optic modulator (13) be driven to carry out frequency modulation(PFM).
2. the ultra-low noise amplifier in optical frequency standard transmitting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Locked from the injection locking process of laser (15) by two-stage PID/feedback loop, the first order for inject optical frequency and from swash
The automatic wide range of frequencies of light device optical frequency locks, and the second level is for injecting optical frequency and the PGC demodulation from laser optical frequency.
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| CN108490763B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2024-03-29 | 中国科学技术大学 | Microwave power stabilizing device |
| CN108988948B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2021-06-01 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Coherent optical frequency transfer relay system and relay method |
| CN109375229B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2023-01-06 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | Laser radar for remote high-speed target measurement |
| CN111193176A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-22 | 方砾琳 | High-precision laser frequency adjusting and stabilizing system |
| CN109768832B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-10-08 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Low-noise coherent optical and radio frequency standard simultaneous demodulation device |
| CN113471806B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2022-09-27 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | Multi-feedback laser stepping frequency sweep driving device and method |
| CN114609558A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-06-10 | 之江实验室 | All-fiber NV color center sensing magnetic measurement system and method with stable and modulatable power |
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| US7809222B2 (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2010-10-05 | Imra America, Inc. | Laser based frequency standards and their applications |
| CN103872553B (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2017-01-11 | 北京大学 | Method for acquiring broadband radio frequency signal source with ultralow phase noise |
| CN104821486A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-08-05 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | High-precision frequency linear-tuning narrow-linewidth laser device |
| CN106877930B (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2019-02-26 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | High-precision optical fiber frequency Transmission system |
| CN106684679B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2020-01-21 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | All-fiber narrow-linewidth fiber laser device and method for optical frequency transmission |
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