CN107462900B - Gas component detection laser radar based on wavelength tunable laser source - Google Patents
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- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas component detection laser radar based on a wavelength tunable laser source, which adopts the wavelength tunable laser to scan and obtain absorption lines of gas to be detected at different distances, adopts a femtosecond optical comb to accurately calibrate the frequency of emergent laser, and obtains the concentration information of the gas to be detected by performing nonlinear fitting on the absorption lines of the gas to be detected with the calibrated frequency and comparing with a database. In order to measure the absorption line of the gas to be measured, the invention provides two schemes based on a direct detection mode and a coherent detection mode respectively. According to the optimized wavelength scanning range, the gas component detection laser radar based on the wavelength tunable laser source can realize the detection of various gas components and has the characteristics of high detection precision, high distance resolution and high time resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser remote sensing, in particular to a gas component detection laser radar based on a wavelength tunable laser source.
Background
The atmospheric gas component detection has important significance for researching climatological change and developing environmental protection. Especially, with the rapid development of social economy, the discharge amount of atmospheric pollutants exceeds the environmental bearing capacity. The laser remote sensing detection is an effective means for detecting the atmospheric gas components due to the characteristics of non-contact detection, high space-time resolution, long detection distance and the like. Wherein the differential absorption lidar has realized atmospheric H2O，CO2，CO，HCI，NH3，NO2，SO2，O3The detection of the gas components, the differential absorption laser radar usually uses two wavelength laser, wherein the laser of one wavelength has strong absorption section on the gas to be detected, in addition, the laser of one wavelength has strong absorption section on the gas to be detectedThe absorption cross section of the laser with one wavelength on the gas to be detected is weak, and the components of the gas to be detected at different distances can be determined by detecting the ratio of echo signals of the two paths of laser.
The differential absorption laser radar selects different laser wavelengths according to specific gas to be detected, so that detection of different gases is realized, and the differential absorption laser radar is a remote sensing technology commonly used for detecting atmospheric components at present. But it has several disadvantages as follows, (1) single set of differential absorption laser radar can only realize single type gas component detection; (2) the measurement requires precise frequency locking, and the measurement result is greatly affected by laser frequency drift.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas component detection laser radar based on a wavelength tunable laser source, which adopts a wavelength tunable laser as a light source, adopts a coherent detection mode or a direct detection mode to detect an echo signal received by the laser radar, and adopts a femtosecond optical comb (namely a laser frequency calibration part) to accurately calibrate the frequency of detection light, thereby obtaining the density information of various gas components with absorption lines in a wavelength scanning range.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a gas composition detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source, adapted for a direct detection scheme, comprising: the device comprises a wavelength tunable continuous laser (1), a beam splitter (2), a pulse generator (3), a laser amplifier (4), a laser emission system (5), a telescope (6), a filter (7), a detector (8), a first acquisition card (9), a computer (10), a femtosecond laser (11), a 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (12), a balance detector (13) and a second acquisition card (14); the device comprises a detection part and a laser frequency calibration part; wherein:
the structure of the detection part is as follows: the output end of the wavelength tunable continuous laser (1) is connected with the input end of a beam splitter (2), the a end of the beam splitter (2) is connected with the input end of a pulse generator (3), the output end of the pulse generator (3) is connected with the input end of a laser amplifier (4), and the output end of the laser amplifier (4) is connected with a laser emission system (5); after the laser emission system (5) emits laser into the atmosphere, an echo signal of the atmosphere is received by the telescope (6), the echo signal received by the telescope (6) is connected to the input end of the filter (7), the output end of the filter (7) is connected with the input end of the detector (8), the output end of the detector (8) is connected with the input end of the first acquisition card (9), and the output end of the first acquisition card (9) is connected with the input end of the computer (10);
the structure of the laser frequency calibration part is as follows: the output end of the femtosecond laser (11) is connected with the b port of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (12), the b end of the beam splitter (2) is connected with the a port of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (12), the output end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (12) is connected with the input end of the balance detector (13), the output end of the balance detector (13) is connected with the input end of the second acquisition card (14), and the output signal of the second acquisition card (14) is accessed into the computer (10).
The process of realizing the atmospheric composition detection is as follows:
and 5, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the absorption line of the gas to be detected with the frequency calibration and comparing with a database so as to obtain the concentration information of the gas to be detected at different distances.
And carrying out nonlinear fitting on the absorption line of the gas to be measured with the frequency calibration through Gauss, Voigt or a gartry function.
A gas composition detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source, adapted for coherent detection schemes, comprising: the device comprises a wavelength tunable continuous laser (1), a first beam splitter (2), a second beam splitter (3), a pulse generator (4), a laser amplifier (5), a laser emission system (6), a telescope (7), an adjustable attenuator (8), a first 3dB beam splitter (9), a first balance detector (10), a first acquisition card (11), a computer (12), a femtosecond laser (13), a 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (14), a balance detector (15) and a second acquisition card (16); the device comprises a detection part and a laser frequency calibration part; wherein:
the structure of the detection part is as follows: the output end of a wavelength tunable continuous laser (1) is connected with the input end of a first beam splitter (2), the a end of the first beam splitter (2) is connected with the input end of a second beam splitter (3), the b port of the second beam splitter (3) is connected with the input end of a pulse generator (4), the output end of the pulse generator (4) is connected with the input end of a laser amplifier (5), the output end of the laser amplifier (5) is connected with a laser emission system (6), laser is emitted into the atmosphere through the laser emission system (6), an echo signal of the atmosphere is received through a telescope (7), the echo signal received by the telescope (7) is connected with the a input end of a first 3dB beam splitter (9), the a port of the second beam splitter (3) is connected with the input end of an adjustable attenuator (8), the output end of the adjustable attenuator (8) is connected with the b input end of the first 3dB beam splitter (9), the output end of the first 3dB beam splitter (9) is connected with a first balanced detector (10), an electric signal output by the first balanced detector (10) is collected by a first collecting card (11), and the collected signal is processed by a computer (12);
the structure of the laser frequency calibration part is as follows: the output end of the femtosecond laser (13) is connected with the b port of the second 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (14), the b end of the first beam splitter (2) is connected with the a port of the second 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (14), the output end of the second 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (14) is connected with the input end of the second balance detector (15), the output end of the second balance detector (15) is connected with the input end of the second acquisition card (16), and the output signal of the second acquisition card (16) is connected into the computer (12).
The process of realizing the atmospheric composition detection is as follows:
and 5, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the absorption line of the gas to be detected with the frequency calibration and comparing with a database so as to obtain the concentration information of the gas to be detected at different distances.
And carrying out nonlinear fitting on the absorption line of the gas to be measured with the frequency calibration through Gauss, Voigt or a gartry function.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, 1) the concentration of various gases can be measured simultaneously by optimizing the wavelength scanning range of the wavelength tunable laser light source. 2) The emergent wavelength of the tunable laser source is precisely measured and tracked through the femtosecond optical comb, so that the system error caused by the nonlinear wavelength scanning of the tunable laser source can be effectively avoided, and the detection precision is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas component detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another gas component detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gas composition detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention provides a gas component detection laser radar based on a wavelength tunable laser source, which is suitable for a direct detection scheme, and as shown in fig. 1, the gas component detection laser radar mainly comprises: the device comprises a wavelength tunable continuous laser 1, a beam splitter 2, a pulse generator 3, a laser amplifier 4, a laser emission system 5, a telescope 6, a filter 7, a detector 8, a first acquisition card 9, a computer 10, a femtosecond laser 11, a 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 12, a balance detector 13 and a second acquisition card 14; the device comprises a detection part and a laser frequency calibration part; wherein:
the structure of the detection part is as follows: the output end of the wavelength tunable continuous laser 1 is connected with the input end of a beam splitter 2, the end a of the beam splitter 2 is connected with the input end of a pulse generator 3, the output end of the pulse generator 3 is connected with the input end of a laser amplifier 4, and the output end of the laser amplifier 4 is connected with a laser emission system 5; after the laser emission system 5 emits laser into the atmosphere, an echo signal of the atmosphere is received by the telescope 6, the echo signal received by the telescope 6 is accessed to the input end of the filter 7, the output end of the filter 7 is connected with the input end of the detector 8, the output end of the detector 8 is connected with the input end of the first acquisition card 9, and the output end of the first acquisition card 9 is connected with the input end of the computer 10;
the structure of the laser frequency calibration part is as follows: the output end of the femtosecond laser 11 is connected with the b port of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 12, the b end of the beam splitter 2 is connected with the a port of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 12, the output end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 12 is connected with the input end of the balance detector 13, the output end of the balance detector 13 is connected with the input end of the second acquisition card 14, and the output signal of the second acquisition card 14 is connected to the computer 10.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the detection section and the laser frequency calibration section may share a single computer 10, and for convenience of drawing and structural representation of the drawings, fig. 1 depicts a computer 10 in each of the two sections.
In the embodiment of the invention, the laser transmitting system 5 and the telescope 6 can adopt a transmitting-receiving separated structure and can also adopt a transmitting-receiving coaxial structure.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the detector 8 is preferably a single photon detector.
The gas component detection laser radar based on the wavelength tunable laser source provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the concentration of various gases can be measured simultaneously by optimizing the wavelength scanning range of the wavelength tunable laser light source.
2) The emergent wavelength of the tunable laser source is precisely measured and tracked through the femtosecond optical comb, so that the system error caused by the nonlinear wavelength scanning of the tunable laser source can be effectively avoided, and the detection precision is improved.
Example two
The embodiment of the invention provides a gas component detection laser radar based on a wavelength tunable laser source, which is suitable for a coherent detection scheme and mainly comprises the following components as shown in figure 2: the device comprises a wavelength tunable continuous laser 1, a first beam splitter 2, a second beam splitter 3, a pulse generator 4, a laser amplifier 5, a laser emission system 6, a telescope 7, an adjustable attenuator 8, a first 3dB beam splitter 9, a first balance detector 10, a first acquisition card 11, a computer 12, a femtosecond laser 13, a 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 14, a balance detector 15 and a second acquisition card 16; the device comprises a detection part and a laser frequency calibration part; wherein:
the structure of the detection part is as follows: the output end of a wavelength tunable continuous laser 1 is connected with the input end of a first beam splitter 2, the a end of the first beam splitter 2 is connected with the input end of a second beam splitter 3, the b port of the second beam splitter 3 is connected with the input end of a pulse generator 4, the output end of the pulse generator 4 is connected with the input end of a laser amplifier 5, the output end of the laser amplifier 5 is connected with a laser transmitting system 6, laser is transmitted to the atmosphere through the laser transmitting system 6, an echo signal of the atmosphere is received through a telescope 7, the echo signal received by the telescope 7 is connected with the a input end of a first 3dB beam splitter 9, the a port of the second beam splitter 3 is connected with the input end of an adjustable attenuator 8, the output end of the adjustable attenuator 8 is connected with the b input end of the first 3dB beam splitter 9, the output end of the first 3dB beam splitter 9 is connected with a first balance detector 10, the electric signal output by the first balanced detector 10 is collected by a first collecting card 11, and the collected signal is processed by a computer 12;
the structure of the laser frequency calibration part is as follows: the output end of the femtosecond laser 13 is connected with the b port of the second 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 14, the b end of the first beam splitter 2 is connected with the a port of the second 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 14, the output end of the second 3dB optical fiber beam splitter 14 is connected with the input end of the second balanced detector 15, the output end of the second balanced detector 15 is connected with the input end of the second acquisition card 16, and the output signal of the second acquisition card 16 is connected to the computer 12.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the detection section and the laser frequency calibration section may share a single computer 12, and for convenience of drawing and structural representation of the drawings, fig. 1 depicts a single computer 12 in each of the two sections.
In the embodiment of the invention, the laser transmitting system 6 and the telescope 7 can adopt a transmitting-receiving separated structure and can also adopt a transmitting-receiving coaxial structure.
The gas component detection laser radar based on the wavelength tunable laser source provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the concentration of various gases can be measured simultaneously by optimizing the wavelength scanning range of the wavelength tunable laser light source.
2) The emergent wavelength of the tunable laser source is precisely measured and tracked through the femtosecond optical comb, so that the system error caused by the nonlinear wavelength scanning of the tunable laser source can be effectively avoided, and the detection precision is improved.
The principle of the gas component detection lidar based on the wavelength tunable laser source proposed by the above two embodiments of the present invention is the same, please refer to fig. 3. The circles in fig. 3(a) represent the gas absorption lines measured by the lidar at a distance R, and the solid lines represent the results obtained by non-linear fitting the measured gas absorption lines, and the concentration information of different gases is obtained by comparing the databases. In order to determine the wavelength during the wavelength sweep of the tunable laser, as shown in fig. 3(b), each outgoing laser is frequency-tracked by a femtosecond optical comb (i.e., a laser frequency calibration section). In the detection process, the wavelength tunable continuous laser 1 adjusts the wavelength scanning range through the controller, and the process of realizing the atmospheric composition detection is as follows: step 1, determining a wavelength scanning range according to the type of gas to be detected; the wavelength tunable continuous laser 1 adjusts the wavelength scanning range through a controller; step 2, completing atmospheric echo signal detection of specific wavelength on each scanning step through pulse accumulation; step 3, adjusting the laser wavelength and repeating the step 2, measuring the atmospheric echo signal in the whole wavelength scanning range, and obtaining the absorption lines of the gas to be measured at different distances; step 4, determining the emergent frequency of the laser on each scanning step through the measurement of the laser frequency calibration part; and 5, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the absorption line of the gas to be detected with the frequency calibration and comparing with a database so as to obtain the concentration information of the gas to be detected at different distances. Illustratively, the absorption line of the gas to be measured with frequency calibration may be fitted nonlinearly by Gauss, Voigt or galarry functions.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A gas composition detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source adapted for a direct detection scheme comprising: the device comprises a wavelength tunable continuous laser (1), a beam splitter (2), a pulse generator (3), a laser amplifier (4), a laser emission system (5), a telescope (6), a filter (7), a detector (8), a first acquisition card (9), a computer (10), a femtosecond laser (11), a 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (12), a balance detector (13) and a second acquisition card (14); the device comprises a detection part and a laser frequency calibration part; wherein:
the structure of the detection part is as follows: the output end of the wavelength tunable continuous laser (1) is connected with the input end of a beam splitter (2), the a end of the beam splitter (2) is connected with the input end of a pulse generator (3), the output end of the pulse generator (3) is connected with the input end of a laser amplifier (4), and the output end of the laser amplifier (4) is connected with a laser emission system (5); after the laser emission system (5) emits laser into the atmosphere, an echo signal of the atmosphere is received by the telescope (6), the echo signal received by the telescope (6) is connected to the input end of the filter (7), the output end of the filter (7) is connected with the input end of the detector (8), the output end of the detector (8) is connected with the input end of the first acquisition card (9), and the output end of the first acquisition card (9) is connected with the input end of the computer (10);
the structure of the laser frequency calibration part is as follows: the output end of the femtosecond laser (11) is connected with the b port of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (12), the b end of the beam splitter (2) is connected with the a port of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (12), the output end of the 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (12) is connected with the input end of the balance detector (13), the output end of the balance detector (13) is connected with the input end of the second acquisition card (14), and the output signal of the second acquisition card (14) is accessed into the computer (10).
2. A gas component detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source as claimed in claim 1 wherein atmospheric component detection is achieved by:
step 1, determining a wavelength scanning range according to the type of gas to be detected; the wavelength tunable continuous laser (1) adjusts the wavelength scanning range through a controller;
step 2, completing atmospheric echo signal detection of specific wavelength on each scanning step through pulse accumulation;
step 3, adjusting the laser wavelength and repeating the step 2, measuring the atmospheric echo signal in the whole wavelength scanning range, and obtaining the absorption lines of the gas to be measured at different distances;
step 4, determining the emergent frequency of the laser on each scanning step through the measurement of the laser frequency calibration part;
and 5, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the absorption line of the gas to be detected with the frequency calibration and comparing with a database so as to obtain the concentration information of the gas to be detected at different distances.
3. The gas composition detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source of claim 2, wherein the absorption line of the gas under test is non-linearly fitted by a Gauss, Voigt, or a galatic function with frequency scaling.
4. A gas composition detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source adapted for use in a coherent detection scheme comprising: the device comprises a wavelength tunable continuous laser (1), a first beam splitter (2), a second beam splitter (3), a pulse generator (4), a laser amplifier (5), a laser emission system (6), a telescope (7), an adjustable attenuator (8), a first 3dB beam splitter (9), a first balance detector (10), a first acquisition card (11), a computer (12), a femtosecond laser (13), a 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (14), a balance detector (15) and a second acquisition card (16); the device comprises a detection part and a laser frequency calibration part; wherein:
the structure of the detection part is as follows: the output end of a wavelength tunable continuous laser (1) is connected with the input end of a first beam splitter (2), the a end of the first beam splitter (2) is connected with the input end of a second beam splitter (3), the b port of the second beam splitter (3) is connected with the input end of a pulse generator (4), the output end of the pulse generator (4) is connected with the input end of a laser amplifier (5), the output end of the laser amplifier (5) is connected with a laser emission system (6), laser is emitted into the atmosphere through the laser emission system (6), an echo signal of the atmosphere is received through a telescope (7), the echo signal received by the telescope (7) is connected with the a input end of a first 3dB beam splitter (9), the a port of the second beam splitter (3) is connected with the input end of an adjustable attenuator (8), the output end of the adjustable attenuator (8) is connected with the b input end of the first 3dB beam splitter (9), the output end of the first 3dB beam splitter (9) is connected with a first balanced detector (10), an electric signal output by the first balanced detector (10) is collected by a first collecting card (11), and the collected signal is processed by a computer (12);
the structure of the laser frequency calibration part is as follows: the output end of the femtosecond laser (13) is connected with the b port of the second 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (14), the b end of the first beam splitter (2) is connected with the a port of the second 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (14), the output end of the second 3dB optical fiber beam splitter (14) is connected with the input end of the second balance detector (15), the output end of the second balance detector (15) is connected with the input end of the second acquisition card (16), and the output signal of the second acquisition card (16) is connected into the computer (12).
5. A gas component detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source as claimed in claim 4, wherein atmospheric component detection is achieved by:
step 1, determining a wavelength scanning range according to the type of gas to be detected; the wavelength tunable continuous laser (1) adjusts the wavelength scanning range through a controller;
step 2, completing atmospheric echo signal detection of specific wavelength on each scanning step through pulse accumulation;
step 3, adjusting the laser wavelength and repeating the step 2, measuring the atmospheric echo signal in the whole wavelength scanning range, and obtaining the absorption lines of the gas to be measured at different distances;
step 4, determining the emergent frequency of the laser on each scanning step through the measurement of the laser frequency calibration part;
and 5, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the absorption line of the gas to be detected with the frequency calibration and comparing with a database so as to obtain the concentration information of the gas to be detected at different distances.
6. The gas composition detection lidar based on a wavelength tunable laser source of claim 5, wherein the absorption line of the gas under test is non-linearly fitted by a Gauss, Voigt or Galatty function with frequency scaling.
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| WO2020019153A1 (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-01-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Femtosecond laser radar and gas composition detection method |
| CN110749873B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2023-07-11 | 中国科学技术大学 | Femtosecond laser radar and gas component detection method |
| CN110031427B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-08-28 | 中国科学技术大学 | Scanning detection method for environmental gas and laser radar |
| CN112180392B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2024-05-17 | 中国科学技术大学 | Atmospheric component detection laser radar based on dispersion gating |
| CN111257280B (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2022-06-28 | 南京工业大学 | Three-dimensional space gas concentration distribution measuring device and method |
| CN111257851B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-04-05 | 厦门大学 | Spectrum measurement method based on wide-spectrum light source and spectrum scanning laser radar |
| CN111721231B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-11-19 | 华东师范大学 | Plant ecological monitoring system based on optical frequency comb |
| CN115290599B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-01-24 | 青岛镭测创芯科技有限公司 | Laser radar system for measuring concentration of greenhouse gas |
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