CN107424440A - Aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system - Google Patents
Aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107424440A CN107424440A CN201710419317.2A CN201710419317A CN107424440A CN 107424440 A CN107424440 A CN 107424440A CN 201710419317 A CN201710419317 A CN 201710419317A CN 107424440 A CN107424440 A CN 107424440A
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- infrared sensor
- aircraft
- ground
- monitoring system
- landing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
- G08G5/0073—Surveillance aids
- G08G5/0082—Surveillance aids for monitoring traffic from a ground station
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
- G08G5/02—Automatic approach or landing aids, i.e. systems in which flight data of incoming planes are processed to provide landing data
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of aircraft and enters nearly landing monitoring system.The aircraft, which enters nearly landing monitoring system, to be included:Infrared sensor, ground-based server and display device.Compared to prior art, the glide path when present invention cleverly enters nearly landing using aircraft immobilizes, reference landing course line is built on this basis, nearly landing monitoring system is accurately entered to build by the superposition of the real-time imaging during the aircraft landing that is obtained with infrared sensor again, can whole monitoring undercarriage real-time condition, while have the advantages that to observe that picture is more vivid, be easily installed, implement, be simple in construction, cost is relatively low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of aerospace technology, and in particular to a kind of aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system.
Background technology
The existing frequently-used nearly landing guidance that enters is completed by instrument-landing-system (ILS), aircraft access instrument landing
System, got off the plane in its guiding and enter decision height along standard glissade, then visually reference gauge is fixed meeting correlation, people
Last landing is completed in work operation.Instrument-landing-system is the device systems of typical precision approach bootstrap, and precision approach draws
The miscellaneous equipment system of helical pitch sequence also includes:Microwave landing system (MLS), precision approach radar (PAR) and by worldwide navigation
Satellite system provides entering nearly (GNSS APV) for vertical guide.These device systems mainly transmit guiding signal to aircraft,
There is several crew to use for training, as entering the Primary Reference that closely lands.
Multipoint positioning surveillance technology (MLAT) is a kind of new-type targeted surveillance technology, available for airdrome scene and is entered near
The targeted surveillance in stage.Its general principle is to utilize time difference of multiple grounded receiving stations with respect to aircraft downlink data when receiving
(TDOA) relation determines the exact position of aircraft.
Control tower or ground controlling officer are in use above technology, it is seen that otherwise be from the bounce side of radar signal
Block, or being the bounce spot that similar multipoint positioning provides, these are all analogue data, not vivid enough;Enter five sides in aircraft,
When making last glide landing, control tower or ground controlling officer also seldom effectively can check whether aircraft has using these technologies
Deviation standard glissade;In addition, existing technology needs the installation and debugging of ground multiple equipment, while corresponding machine is also needed to
Carry equipment to support so that installation and debugging are complicated, and purchase is built expensive.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a kind of more vivid, simple in construction, the lower-cost aircraft of display picture to enter at present
Nearly landing monitoring system.
The content of the invention
For in the prior art the defects of, the present invention provides a kind of aircraft and enters nearly landing monitoring system, to solve above-mentioned ask
Topic.
In a first aspect, a kind of aircraft provided by the invention enters nearly landing monitoring system, including:Infrared sensor, ground clothes
Business device and display device;Wherein,
The infrared sensor is located at airfield runway side, and is communicated to connect with the ground-based server, winged for gathering
Real-time imaging in machine landing mission, and the real-time imaging is sent to the ground-based server;
The ground-based server communicates to connect with the display device, and the ground-based server receives the real-time imaging
Afterwards, the real-time imaging is merged with the reference landing course line of the runway, and the fusion obtained after fusion is monitored into shadow
As sending to the display device;
The display device is used to show the fusion monitoring image, so that Air Traffic Administers monitor that image is supervised according to the fusion
Whether the landing circuit depending on the aircraft is accurate.
Optionally, the installation of the infrared sensor meets following constraints:The infrared sensor is away from the runway
Distance and the shooting angle of the infrared sensor optical signalling acquisition range of the infrared sensor is included from middle finger
The scope of specified location point on punctuate to runway.
Optionally, the infrared sensor is oblique is located at the airfield runway side.
Optionally, the infrared sensor includes passive type thermal infrared imager.
Optionally, the aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system, in addition to:Safe pedestal;
The infrared sensor is installed on the safe pedestal and protrudes from ground, the safe pedestal by beyond
Predetermined threshold value gravity compressing when, the infrared sensor is dropped into below ground so that the top surface of the infrared sensor with
Ground is parallel.
Optionally, the aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system, in addition to:Memory;
The memory is communicated to connect with the ground-based server, and the fusion is also monitored image by the ground-based server
Send to the memory and stored.
Optionally, the infrared sensor is communicated to connect using optical fiber and the ground-based server.
Optionally, the optical fiber includes single mode single-core fiber or single-mode dual-core optical fiber.
Optionally, the display device includes:Liquid crystal display or projection display equipment.
Optionally, the aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system, in addition to:Wireless Telecom Equipment;
The Wireless Telecom Equipment and the ground-based server and the equal communication link of warning device being installed on the aircraft
Connect, alarm signal sent to the warning device for the operation according to Air Traffic Administers, with by the warning device to pilot
Send alarm.
As shown from the above technical solution, a kind of aircraft provided by the invention enters nearly landing monitoring system, including:Infrared sensing
Device, ground-based server and display device.Compared to prior art, the present invention cleverly enters downslide boat during nearly landing using aircraft
Mark immobilizes, and builds reference landing course line on this basis, then during the aircraft landing by being obtained with infrared sensor
The superposition of real-time imaging accurately enter nearly landing monitoring system to build, there is advantages below:
(1) the system is the video image that infrared sensor obtains, it is shown that true runway, actual airplane and standard
Land course line, compared with the bounce square or spot that radar or multipoint positioning provide, the display of the system is more directly perceived, vivid.
(2) prime cost of the system is the purchase of infrared sensor, be it is a kind of it is simple efficiently, cost it is cheap enter it is near
Land monitoring system.
(3) the system daytime, night are all effective, and influence of the complicated weather such as rain, snow, mist, haze to the system is also micro-
Its is micro-, and can whole monitoring undercarriage real-time condition.
(4) the system is the system of independent completion, and simple in construction, varies without existing equipment on aircraft, does not interfere with
International transit, it is convenient to carry out.
(5) the bounce patch surrounding time difference that radar provides is 0.5 second, and what infrared sensor obtained draws for real-time video
Face, therefore detection accuracy is higher.
(6) utilize the system, controller can real time inspection undercarriage situation, in time to pilot when having exception
Alarm is initiated, avoiding in descent undercarriage from not putting down causes security incident.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art
The required accompanying drawing used is briefly described in embodiment or description of the prior art.In all of the figs, similar element
Or part is typically identified by similar reference.In accompanying drawing, each element or part might not be drawn according to the ratio of reality.
Fig. 1 shows that a kind of aircraft that first embodiment of the invention is provided enters the schematic diagram of nearly landing monitoring system;
Fig. 2 shows a kind of angularly disposed schematic top plan view of infrared sensor that the embodiment of the present invention is provided;
Fig. 3 shows that infrared sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention merges the signal for monitoring image corresponding to angularly disposed
Figure.
Embodiment
The embodiment of technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Following examples are only used for
Clearly illustrate technical scheme, therefore be intended only as example, and the protection of the present invention can not be limited with this
Scope.
It should be noted that unless otherwise indicated, technical term or scientific terminology used in this application should be this hair
The ordinary meaning that bright one of ordinary skill in the art are understood.
The present invention provides a kind of aircraft and enters nearly landing monitoring system, and its technical concept is based on following principle:
The runway on airport is changeless after fixing, so the center line of runway and its along long line (course line) and not
Become.If after gliding angle regulation, the glissade that is formed be also it is constant, course line and glissade combine form it is winged
Machine enters the course line closely landed, and constant.If infrared sensor is fixedly mounted on runway side, runway, neighbouring scape
The point position that reference landing course line of thing and aircraft landing etc. is shown on video pictures is also changeless, so reference landing
Course line can be drawn by the method for mapping, be presented in the form of fixing straight line on picture, most accurate in the straight line representation theory
True reference landing course line, the reference landing course line are unrelated with weather quality.
The reference landing navigation channel entered near land immobilizes, so can represent in the navigation channel with straight line, is added to infrared
On the picture that sensor collects, infrared sensor gathers real-time imaging to monitor flight path of the aircraft in nearly landing period is entered,
Because airplane tail spray temperature is up to 500 degree, aircraft can be accurately caught far above peripheral temperature, therefore using infrared sensor
Flight path, using the flight path and represent that the straight line in reference landing navigation channel compares, and then aircraft flight feelings can be judged for Air Traffic Administers
Whether condition is reasonable.Above-mentioned principle can refer to Fig. 1 and be understood.
Embodiments of the invention are illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is refer to, Fig. 1 shows that a kind of aircraft that first embodiment of the invention is provided enters nearly landing monitoring system
Schematic diagram.Include as shown in figure 1, a kind of aircraft provided according to a first embodiment of the present invention enters nearly landing monitoring system:It is infrared
Sensor 101, ground-based server 102 and display device 103;Wherein,
The infrared sensor 101 is located at airfield runway side, and is communicated to connect with the ground-based server 102, is used for
The real-time imaging during aircraft landing is gathered, and the real-time imaging is sent to the ground-based server 102;
The ground-based server 102 communicates to connect with the display device 103, and the ground-based server 102 receives described
After real-time imaging, the real-time imaging is merged with the reference landing course line of the runway, and melts what is obtained after fusion
Monitoring image is closed to send to the display device 103;
The display device 103 is used to show the fusion monitoring image, so that Air Traffic Administers monitor shadow according to the fusion
As monitoring whether the landing circuit of the aircraft is accurate.
Wherein, in a change embodiment of first embodiment of the invention, ground-based server 102 is the center of system
Process part, the desktop computer of mainstream configuration are all processing that the system can be achieved, can be with for the particularity of airport security
Using commercial common desktop computer;
The process that the ground-based server 102 is merged the real-time imaging with the reference landing course line of the runway
It is as follows:
1) receive the real-time video (i.e. real-time imaging) of the acquisition of infrared sensor 101, decode the video;
2) reference landing course line is drawn in the video pictures of real-time imaging, the reference landing course line can use in video pictures
Single straight line, multi straight, cube pipeline represent, can use single straight line, concise;
3) decision height line, straight line table of the decision height perpendicular to course line are drawn in the video pictures of real-time imaging
Show, decision height, such as 60 meters, 30 meters can be superimposed with beside decision height line;
By above-mentioned steps 1) -3), fusion process is completed, obtains fusion monitoring image.Next, ground-based server 102
To can draw has the fusion of reference landing course line and decision height line monitoring image to be transported to the display device 103, for
Control tower or the Air Traffic Administers on ground are checked by the display device 103.
Change embodiment as one of first embodiment of the invention, in order that Air Traffic Administers can intuitively view it is winged
Machine complete actual flight path and match condition in reference landing course line in nearly landing mission is entered, the infrared sensor 101
Installation meets following constraints:The bat of distance and the infrared sensor 101 of the infrared sensor 101 away from the runway
Taking the photograph angle makes the optical signalling acquisition range of the infrared sensor 101 include therefrom specified location point on index point to runway
Scope.
Wherein, the middle index point refers to index point corresponding to 60m decision heights, and the specified location point can be runway
On any point, for example, it is contemplated that can determine that safe landing when typically being slided to aircraft in the middle part of runway, runway can be selected
The certain point in centre position is as specified location point.It is easily understood that those skilled in the art can set according to the actual requirements
The position of the infrared sensor 101 is put, for example, making the optical signalling acquisition range of the infrared sensor 101 include from outer
Index point to course platform scope, with gather aircraft from enter nearly anchor point to landing complete overall process.
The infrared sensor 101 can install (as shown in Figure 1) perpendicular to runway, with from side it is square shoot aircraft
Land process, can also be diagonally-installed in sideline, is shot by the way of almost face aircraft, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3,
It is respectively a kind of angularly disposed schematic top plan view and the embodiment of the present invention of infrared sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention
The schematic diagram of the angularly disposed corresponding fusion monitoring image of infrared sensor of offer, as seen from the figure, using angularly disposed side
Formula, it can be shot from the angle of almost face aircraft, can be more apart from runway compared to the mode installed perpendicular to runway
Closely, also more recently, therefore the real-time imaging shot becomes apparent from, effect is more preferable, by periphery, other run the aircraft that distance is landed
It is farther that road influences the smaller and visual field.
First embodiment of the invention provide a specific embodiment in, the infrared sensor 101 be arranged on away from
1000 meters of right positions first from runway, so achievable monitoring aircraft declines and the overall process of landing flare.
In another change embodiment of first embodiment of the invention, the infrared sensor can use passive type
Thermal infrared imager, passive type thermal infrared imager do not launch light source actively, will not produce any influence to the vision of pilot.
In another change embodiment of first embodiment of the invention, the aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system, also
Including:Safe pedestal;
The infrared sensor 101 is installed on the safe pedestal and protrudes from ground, the safe pedestal by
During beyond the gravity compressing of predetermined threshold value, the infrared sensor 101 is dropped into below ground so that the infrared sensor
101 top surface is parallel to the ground.
In a specific embodiment, the safe pedestal uses stress damage-type structure, is receiving weight more than 15-
During 20kg external impacts, safe pedestal automatic crushing, and then automatic sink to of the infrared sensor 101 is put down with Airport Surface
OK, avoid producing security incident.
In another change embodiment of first embodiment of the invention, the aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system, also
Including:Memory;
The memory communicates to connect with the ground-based server 102, and the ground-based server 102 also supervises the fusion
Seeing image picture sends to the memory and stored.The memory is mainly used in storing the result that ground-based server 102 exports
Picture, the important references as ex-post analysis;It can meet to require using the memory of common configuration.
In another change embodiment of first embodiment of the invention, the infrared sensor 101 using optical fiber with
The ground-based server 102 communicates to connect.The optical fiber is used for the real-time pictures for transmitting the acquisition of infrared sensor 101, can be used
Single mode single or single-mode dual-core optical fiber, can preferably use single mode single, you can meet requirements of real time, and can reduce into
This.
In another change embodiment of first embodiment of the invention, the aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system, also
Including:Wireless Telecom Equipment;
The Wireless Telecom Equipment and the ground-based server and the equal communication link of warning device being installed on the aircraft
Connect, alarm signal sent to the warning device for the operation according to Air Traffic Administers, with by the warning device to pilot
Send alarm.By the Wireless Telecom Equipment, controlling officer, can be on aircraft when finding that aircraft deviates reference landing course line
Pilot send alarm in time, to ensure its uneventful landing, avoid occur security incident.
The Wireless Telecom Equipment is connected with the warning device using communication, specifically, machine can be utilized
Field existing communication equipment or the mobile 5G communication technologys realize that the embodiment of the present invention is not limited, and those skilled in the art can spirit
The present invention is realized using other wireless communication technologys after change living, it is also within protection scope of the present invention.
By the display device 103, controller can intuitively view the real-time flight posture and standard of aircraft
Final circle and decision height line, it is whether accurate into nearly landing aircraft landing circuit so as to monitor.Tower control personnel can
Reminded in time with this flying inclined aircraft, avoid landing risk;Related management personnel can be in this, as evaluation pilot operator skill
The important indicator of art;The capsule information that system can also be analyzed as approach-and-landing loss accidents.
In a change embodiment of first embodiment of the invention, the display device 103 can use liquid crystal
Show device or projection display equipment, so that controller becomes apparent from, intuitively checks fusion monitoring image.
The aircraft provided by the invention enters nearly landing monitoring system, ingenious glide path when entering nearly landing using aircraft
Immobilize, on this basis with reference to infrared sensor 101 and display device 103, construct a kind of simple, vivid but very accurate
True enters nearly landing monitoring system, has advantages below:
(1) the system is the video image that infrared sensor obtains, it is shown that true runway, actual airplane and standard
Land course line, compared with the bounce square or spot that radar or multipoint positioning provide, the display of the system is more directly perceived, vivid.
(2) prime cost of the system is the purchase of infrared sensor, be it is a kind of it is simple efficiently, cost it is cheap enter it is near
Land monitoring system.
(3) the system daytime, night are all effective, and influence of the complicated weather such as rain, snow, mist, haze to the system is also micro-
Its is micro-.
(4) the system is the system of independent completion, and simple in construction, varies without existing equipment on aircraft, does not interfere with
International transit, it is convenient to carry out.
(5) the bounce patch surrounding time difference that radar provides is 0.5 second, and what infrared sensor obtained draws for real-time video
Face, therefore detection accuracy is higher.
(6) utilize the system, controller can real time inspection undercarriage situation, in time to pilot when having exception
Alarm is initiated, avoiding in descent undercarriage from not putting down causes security incident.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " change an embodiment party
The description of formula ", " example ", " specific example " or " some examples " etc. means to combine the specific spy that the embodiment or example describe
Sign, structure, material or feature are contained at least one embodiment or example of the present invention.In this manual, to above-mentioned
The schematic representation of term is necessarily directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, the specific features of description, structure, material
Material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or example.In addition, not conflicting
In the case of, those skilled in the art can be by the different embodiments or example described in this specification and different embodiments
Or the feature of example is combined and combined.
It should be noted that the flow chart and block diagram in accompanying drawing show according to the present invention multiple embodiments system,
Architectural framework in the cards, function and the operation of method and computer program product.At this point, in flow chart or block diagram
Each square frame can represent a part for a module, program segment or code, the part bag of the module, program segment or code
Containing one or more executable instructions for being used to realize defined logic function.It should also be noted that at some as the reality replaced
In existing, the function of being marked in square frame can also be with different from the order marked in accompanying drawing generation.For example, two continuous sides
Frame can essentially be performed substantially in parallel, and they can also be performed in the opposite order sometimes, this according to involved function and
It is fixed.It is also noted that the group of each square frame and block diagram in block diagram and/or flow chart and/or the square frame in flow chart
Close, function or the special hardware based system of action can be realized as defined in execution, or specialized hardware can be used
Combination with computer instruction is realized.
In several embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that disclosed systems, devices and methods, can be with
Realize by another way.Device embodiment described above is only schematical, for example, multiple units or component can
To combine or be desirably integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not perform.It is another, it is shown or beg for
The mutual coupling of opinion or direct-coupling or communication connection can be by some communication interfaces, device or unit it is indirect
Coupling or communication connection, can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
Finally it should be noted that:Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations;To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that:Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, either which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution;And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme, it all should cover among the claim of the present invention and the scope of specification.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of aircraft enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that including:Infrared sensor, ground-based server and display are set
It is standby;Wherein,
The infrared sensor is located at airfield runway side, and is communicated to connect with the ground-based server, for gathering aircraft
Real-time imaging during land, and the real-time imaging is sent to the ground-based server;
The ground-based server communicates to connect with the display device, will after the ground-based server receives the real-time imaging
The real-time imaging is merged with the reference landing course line of the runway, and the fusion obtained after fusion monitoring image is sent
To the display device;
The display device is used to show the fusion monitoring image, so that Air Traffic Administers monitor image monitoring institute according to the fusion
Whether the landing circuit for stating aircraft is accurate.
2. aircraft according to claim 1 enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that the installation of the infrared sensor
Meet following constraints:The shooting angle of distance and the infrared sensor of the infrared sensor away from the runway makes institute
The optical signalling acquisition range for stating infrared sensor includes the scope of therefrom specified location point on index point to runway.
3. aircraft according to claim 1 enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that the infrared sensor is oblique to be set
In the airfield runway side.
4. aircraft according to claim 3 enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that the infrared sensor includes quilt
Dynamic formula thermal infrared imager.
5. aircraft according to claim 1 enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that also includes:Safe pedestal;
The infrared sensor is installed on the safe pedestal and protrudes from ground, and the safe pedestal is by beyond default
During the gravity compressing of threshold value, the infrared sensor is dropped into below ground so that top surface and the ground of the infrared sensor
It is parallel.
6. aircraft according to claim 1 enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that also includes:Memory;
The memory is communicated to connect with the ground-based server, and the fusion is also monitored that image is sent by the ground-based server
Stored to the memory.
7. aircraft according to claim 1 enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that the infrared sensor uses light
It is fine to be communicated to connect with the ground-based server.
8. aircraft according to claim 7 enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that the optical fiber includes single mode single
Optical fiber or single-mode dual-core optical fiber.
9. aircraft according to claim 1 enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that the display device includes:Liquid
Crystal display or projection display equipment.
10. aircraft according to claim 1 enters nearly landing monitoring system, it is characterised in that also includes:Radio communication is set
It is standby;
The Wireless Telecom Equipment communicates to connect with the ground-based server and the warning device being installed on the aircraft, uses
Alarm signal is sent to the warning device in the operation according to Air Traffic Administers, to send police to pilot by the warning device
Report.
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