CN107370178A - Photovoltaic combining inverter maximum power tracking and controlling method with droop characteristic - Google Patents
Photovoltaic combining inverter maximum power tracking and controlling method with droop characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN107370178A CN107370178A CN201710609964.XA CN201710609964A CN107370178A CN 107370178 A CN107370178 A CN 107370178A CN 201710609964 A CN201710609964 A CN 201710609964A CN 107370178 A CN107370178 A CN 107370178A
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- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 10
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- H02J3/385—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of maximum power tracking and controlling method with the photovoltaic combining inverter of droop characteristic, this method carries out the effect that simple modification can be achieved to be supported system frequency to conventional maximal power tracing algorithm by detecting mains frequency and corresponding command power being calculated according to droop control.The realization of methods described includes：The frequency of real-time sampling system；Sample the size of DC side power output and compared with the size of the frequency loop power output with droop characteristic；Then enter to fall down vertical mode of operation when frequency loop power output is relatively low, otherwise photovoltaic combining inverter then controls external power output according to the external power output of vertical control characteristic of falling down according to maximal power tracing.Institute's extracting method is realized simply, and effectively system frequency can be supported, therefore has obvious superiority.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the maximum power tracking and controlling method of photovoltaic combining inverter, specifically one kind has the spy of hanging down that falls down
Property, can be to the maximum power tracking and controlling method of the photovoltaic combining inverter of active power of output progress amplitude limit.
Background technology
The active power size of photovoltaic combining inverter output, can be to system frequency in the case where grid-connected permeability is higher
Rate causes larger disturbance so that system frequency changes, therefore how to cause photovoltaic combining inverter to have systems stabilisation
The function of frequency just has highly important researching value.Droop control can effectively maintain the stability of system frequency,
Therefore, the photovoltaic combining inverter for having droop characteristic is exactly a new research direction of field of power electronics.Related
In research, existing document《Record micro-capacitance sensor technical controlling strategy study [D] HeFei University of Technologys in bright big distributed power generations,
2009.》,《Godoy R B,Bizarro D B,Andrade E T D,et al.Procedure to Match the
Dynamic Response of MPPT and Droop-Controlled Microinverters[J].IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,PP(99):1-1.》,《Wang Licheng, literary Dongshan, Zhou Bin,
Strategy study [J] electromechanical engineerings, 2015,32 (6) are actively cut down Deng photovoltaic power in power distribution networks:863-867.》,《Liang Cheng, Pan
A kind of collecting and distributing type photovoltaic inverting systems of Nian An, Tao Lei and its limit Poewr control method:,CN106026172A[P].2016.》,
《Guo Y,Chen L,Li K,et al.A novel control strategy for stand-alone
Photovoltaic system based on Virtual Synchronous Generator[C]//IEEE Power and
Energy Society General Meeting.IEEE,2016:1-5.》With《Chu Bingqing, Wang Kan, Shangzhou band limit power
Photovoltaic combining inverter control strategy research [J] automations of control and instrument and meter, 2017 (5)》Deng.
Document《Record micro-capacitance sensor technical controlling strategy study [D] HeFei University of Technologys in bright big distributed power generations, and 2009.》
Clearly give the definition of vertical control strategy, but its realize do not consider photovoltaic module peak power with
DC side power output under the effect of track control algolithm.Document《Godoy R B,Bizarro D B,Andrade E T D,et
al.Procedure to Match the Dynamic Response of MPPT and Droop-Controlled
Microinverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,PP(99):1-
1.》Although it is contemplated that DC side power output of the photovoltaic module under the effect of maximal power tracing control algolithm, but add
The link of control so that system relevant parameter, which is adjusted, becomes complicated, and secondly, the basis of literature research is still droop control plan
Slightly, it is simultaneously little compared to the vertical control strategy that falls down, its help of stability to frequency.Document《Wang Licheng, literary Dongshan, Zhou Bin,
Strategy study [J] electromechanical engineerings, 2015,32 (6) are actively cut down Deng photovoltaic power in power distribution networks:863-867.》It is to meet
When intensity of illumination is larger at noon, in order to not influence electric network swim distribution, active reduction is carried out to photovoltaic power output, it is ensured that
The problems such as photovoltaic output peak phase will not produce voltage, trend is out-of-limit, but this kind of mode is only that output peak is controlled,
Rather than be adjusted on the basis of design capacity, there is certain limitation, and when it considers actual use
The stability of photovoltaic module work.Patent《A kind of collecting and distributing type photovoltaic inverting systems of Liang Cheng, Pan Nianan, Tao Lei and its limit power control
Method processed:,CN106026172A[P].2016.》, lack direct and clear and definite mathematical relationship, it is difficult to reappear its achievement.Document
《Guo Y,Chen L,Li K,et al.A novel control strategy for stand-alone
Photovoltaic system based on Virtual Synchronous Generator[C]//IEEE Power and
Energy Society General Meeting.IEEE,2016:1-5.》To the stable region of output power of photovoltaic module curve
Domain is analyzed, drawn on the right side of maximum power point be stability region conclusion, but the control structure being previously mentioned using it,
Certain condition need to be met, can not ensure that system can operate in stability region all the time.Document《Chu Bingqing, Wang Kan, Shangzhou band limits
Photovoltaic combining inverter control strategy research [J] automations of Power Control and instrument and meter, 2017 (5)》Simple setting
Limit power algorithm, have ignored the analysis of its stability during to output power of photovoltaic module, that is, lacks photovoltaic output power curve
The analysis of the stability of the left and right sides, it is possible to cause to control unstability.Above-mentioned document has the following disadvantages：
1) without the practicable control strategy of proposition；
2) do not account under the corresponding control strategy of proposition, to the power output of photovoltaic regulate whether can cause system
It is unstable；
2) Control System Design is complicated, can cause the original relevant parameter of system changes to be adjusted, it is necessary to re-start
Adjustment, and the process of maximal power tracing can not be analyzed, it can not ensure that the photovoltaic module moment is operated in stability region.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention, it is the power output by controlling photovoltaic combining inverter, makes it in peak power output model
There is droop characteristic within enclosing, also ensure that photovoltaic module stable operation is wanted while realizing and provide support to system frequency
Ask.The invention provides a kind of simple maximal power tracing control accurately with the photovoltaic combining inverter of droop characteristic
Method.
To solve the technical problem of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter with droop characteristic
Maximum power tracking and controlling method.Used technical scheme is：On the basis of the model of conventional photovoltaic combining inverter, take
Build the frequency loop control module based on the vertical control strategy that falls down, to obtain desired active power output valve, into it is improved most
High-power tracking control algorithm module, realizes the control to power output so that photovoltaic combining inverter has support system frequency
The stable function of rate.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic grid-connected inversion with droop characteristic
The maximum power tracking and controlling method of device, include the data acquisition of the output voltage of photovoltaic module, electric current and mains frequency, specifically
Step is as follows：
Step 1, if a upper sampling period is (k-1), current sample period k, sampling photovoltaic module currently exports electricity
Press Vdc(k), current output current IdcAnd current electric grid frequencies omega (k) (k)；
Step 2, the photovoltaic module current output voltage V obtained according to step 1 samplingdc(k) with output current Idc(k), press
The currently practical power output P of photovoltaic module is calculated according to following formuladc(k)：
Pdc(k)=Vdc(k)×Idc(k)
Step 3, the current electric grid frequencies omega (k) obtained according to step 1 sampling, is calculated, obtains photovoltaic according to the following formula
The active power of output desired value P of combining inverter*：
Wherein, kpFor the sagging coefficient of mains frequency, k is to fall down to hang down and sagging proportionality coefficient, ω*For the specified frequency of power network
Rate, PemIt is then that active power gives item；
Step 4, the currently practical power output P of photovoltaic module step 2 obtaineddc(k) obtained with step 3 grid-connected
The active power of output desired value P of inverter*It is compared, if P*＞ Pdc(k), then it is controlled according to step 5, if P*≤Pdc
(k), then it is controlled according to step 8；
Step 5, by the currently practical power output P of photovoltaic moduledc(k) photovoltaic module obtained with a upper sampling period is actual
Power output Pdc(k-1) it is compared, if Pdc(k)>Pdc(k-1), then into step 6；If Pdc(k)≤Pdc(k-1), then enter
Step 7；
Step 6, by photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) the photovoltaic module output electricity obtained with a upper sampling period
Press Vdc(k-1) contrasted, if Vdc(k) ＞ Vdc(k-1), then in photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) electricity is increased on
Step-length is pressed, otherwise reduces a voltage step size, return to step 1 enters the control of next cycle afterwards；
Step 7, by photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) the photovoltaic module output electricity obtained with a upper sampling period
Press Vdc(k-1) contrasted, if Vdc(k) ＞ Vdc(k-1), then in photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) electricity is reduced on
Step-length is pressed, otherwise increases a voltage step size, return to step 1 enters the control of next cycle afterwards；
Step 8, in photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) increase a voltage step size on, be then back to step 1, enter
Enter the control of next cycle.
It is as follows relative to prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
1) it is straight under the effect of maximal power tracing control algolithm with photovoltaic module to fully take into account inverter output power
The dependency relation between the power output of side is flowed, the active power command value provided based on the vertical control strategy that falls down, can be very good
Realize the support to system frequency within the specific limits；
2) parameter that this method need not be complicated, model is simply accurate, and will not change the original parameter setting of system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, which is that the present invention is a kind of, has the maximum power tracking and controlling method of the photovoltaic combining inverter of droop characteristic
Model topological diagram；
Fig. 2 for this specification institute extracting method flow chart；
Fig. 3 is that the contrast effect figure of this method whether is used when system loading changes；
Fig. 4 is that the contrast effect figure of this method whether is used when the environmental condition of photovoltaic module changes.
Embodiment
This example illustrates one by taking the 500kW grid-connected inverter systems in a software Matlab/Simulink as an example
Maximum power tracking and controlling method of the kind with the photovoltaic combining inverter of droop characteristic.The step of the present embodiment, is as follows.
Build photovoltaic grid-connected inversion proposed by the invention according to Fig. 1 in software Matlab/Simulink first
Device models topological structure.Use Universal bridge (general bridge arm) and capacitor and inductor module composition inverter emulation mould
Type, combining inverter switching frequency ω in the inverter simulation modelswFor 6000 π rad/s, fundamental frequency ω0For 100 π
Rad/s, filtered using LCL, L1For 0.1mH, L2For 0.05mH, C is 200 μ F, RdFor 0.07 Ω.The inverter simulation model
DC side is connected with photovoltaic module, DC voltage initial value UdcIt is arranged to 650V.Power network is formed using a synchronous generator
Simulation model, the power system simulation model are connected to the AC of inverter simulation model, and grid line is electric in power system simulation model
It is pressed with valid value Up=380V.DC side is using photovoltaic module and bus capacitor form, and photovoltaic module is in ground photovoltaic component standard
Design parameter under test condition is as follows：Its open-circuit voltage VocFor 825V, maximum power point voltage VmFor 668.8V, short circuit current
IscFor 820.8A, maximum power point electric current ImFor 770.4A, corresponding peak power 515kW.Selected dc-link capacitance is
0.15F。
Secondly, what is used has the flow chart element of the photovoltaic combining inverter maximum power tracking and controlling method of droop characteristic
For figure as shown in Fig. 2 the voltage step size of selection is 0.5V, detailed implementation process is as follows：
Step 1, if a upper sampling period is (k-1), current sample period k, sampling photovoltaic module currently exports electricity
Press Vdc(k), current output current IdcAnd current electric grid frequencies omega (k) (k)；
Step 2, the photovoltaic module current output voltage V obtained according to step 1 samplingdc(k) with output current Idc(k), press
The currently practical power output P of photovoltaic module is calculated according to following formuladc(k)：
Pdc(k)=Vdc(k)×Idc(k)
Step 3, the current electric grid frequencies omega (k) obtained according to step 1 sampling, is calculated, obtains photovoltaic according to the following formula
The active power of output desired value P of combining inverter*：
Wherein, kpFor the sagging coefficient of mains frequency, k is to fall down to hang down and sagging proportionality coefficient, ω*For the specified frequency of power network
Rate, PemIt is then that active power gives item.In the present embodiment, k is takenp=3, k=0.001, ω*=100 π rad/s, Pem=
500kW。
Step 4, the currently practical power output P of photovoltaic module step 2 obtaineddc(k) obtained with step 3 grid-connected
The active power of output desired value P of inverter*It is compared, if P*＞ Pdc(k), then it is controlled according to step 5, if P*≤Pdc
(k), then it is controlled according to step 8；
Step 5, by the currently practical power output P of photovoltaic moduledc(k) photovoltaic module obtained with a upper sampling period is actual
Power output Pdc(k-1) it is compared, if Pdc(k)>Pdc(k-1), then into step 6；If Pdc(k)≤Pdc(k-1), then enter
Step 7；
Step 6, by photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) the photovoltaic module output electricity obtained with a upper sampling period
Press Vdc(k-1) contrasted, if Vdc(k) ＞ Vdc(k-1), then in photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) electricity is increased on
Step-length is pressed, otherwise reduces a voltage step size, return to step 1 enters the control of next cycle afterwards；
Step 7, by photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) the photovoltaic module output electricity obtained with a upper sampling period
Press Vdc(k-1) contrasted, if Vdc(k) ＞ Vdc(k-1), then in photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) electricity is reduced on
Step-length is pressed, otherwise increases a voltage step size, return to step 1 enters the control of next cycle afterwards；
Step 8, in photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) increase a voltage step size on, be then back to step 1, enter
Enter the control of next cycle.
System institute on-load is changed at different time points, the actual effect of observational technique.Whether Fig. 3 is to use
The comparison diagram of the maximum power tracking and controlling method.Fig. 4 is system frequency phase after photovoltaic module local environment condition changes
The response effect answered.By simulating different situations of change, can obtain and this method desired result in theory, it was demonstrated that
The validity of this method.
In summary, this method is realized simple, only need known to inverter rated power and simply it is given it is required
Sagging coefficient, there is certain feasibility.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter maximum power tracking and controlling method with droop characteristic, including photovoltaic module are defeated
Go out the data acquisition of voltage, electric current and mains frequency, comprise the following steps that：
Step 1, if a upper sampling period is (k-1), current sample period k, sampling photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc
(k), current output current IdcAnd current electric grid frequencies omega (k) (k)；
Step 2, the photovoltaic module current output voltage V obtained according to step 1 samplingdc(k) with output current Idc(k), under
Formula calculates the currently practical power output P of photovoltaic moduledc(k)：
Pdc(k)=Vdc(k)×Idc(k)
Step 3, the current electric grid frequencies omega (k) obtained according to step 1 sampling, is calculated, is obtained grid-connected according to the following formula
The active power of output desired value P of inverter*：
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mi>k</mi>
</mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>&omega;</mi>
<mo>*</mo>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>&omega;</mi>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
Wherein, kpFor the sagging coefficient of mains frequency, k is to fall down to hang down and sagging proportionality coefficient, ω*For the rated frequency of power network, Pem
It is then that active power gives item；
Step 4, the currently practical power output P of photovoltaic module step 2 obtaineddc(k) photovoltaic grid-connected inversion obtained with step 3
The active power of output desired value P of device*It is compared, if P*＞ Pdc(k), then it is controlled according to step 5, if P*≤Pdc(k),
Then it is controlled according to step 8；
Step 5, by the currently practical power output P of photovoltaic moduledc(k) the photovoltaic module reality output obtained with a upper sampling period
Power Pdc(k-1) it is compared, if Pdc(k)>Pdc(k-1), then into step 6；If Pdc(k)≤Pdc(k-1), then into step
7；
Step 6, by photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) the photovoltaic module output voltage V obtained with a upper sampling perioddc
(k-1) contrasted, if Vdc(k) ＞ Vdc(k-1), then in photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) voltage step is increased on
It is long, otherwise reduce a voltage step size, return to step 1 enters the control of next cycle afterwards；
Step 7, by photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) the photovoltaic module output voltage V obtained with a upper sampling perioddc
(k-1) contrasted, if Vdc(k) ＞ Vdc(k-1), then in photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) voltage step is reduced on
It is long, otherwise increase a voltage step size, return to step 1 enters the control of next cycle afterwards；
Step 8, in photovoltaic module current output voltage Vdc(k) increase a voltage step size on, step 1 is then back to, under
The control of a cycle.
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| CN105116957A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-12-02 | 厦门科华恒盛股份有限公司 | Maximum power point tracking method of photovoltaic power generation system |
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