CN107346353B - Solid comburent combustion process simulation method and server - Google Patents

Solid comburent combustion process simulation method and server Download PDF

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CN107346353B
CN107346353B CN201710415433.7A CN201710415433A CN107346353B CN 107346353 B CN107346353 B CN 107346353B CN 201710415433 A CN201710415433 A CN 201710415433A CN 107346353 B CN107346353 B CN 107346353B
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combustion
solid
mass
comburent
volatile matter
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CN107346353A (en
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郭婵
李伯森
孟浩
李秉杰
徐晓丹
方祥
高源�
钱高
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101 Research Institute Ministry Of Civil Affairs
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Abstract

The invention discloses a solid comburent combustion process simulation method and a server. Wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing an incinerator three-dimensional geometric model, and processing the incinerator three-dimensional geometric model, wherein the processing comprises setting a fluid area and a solid combustion substance porous medium area, carrying out meshing and setting combustion boundary conditions; and simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent according to a pre-established combustion model of the solid comburent and the processed three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator. The server is used for executing the method. According to the solid combustion object combustion process simulation method and the server, the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator can be established, the fluid area is set, the grid division is carried out, the combustion boundary is set, and the combustion process of the solid combustion object is simulated according to the pre-established combustion model of the solid combustion object, so that the simulation accuracy of the combustion process of the solid combustion object in the incinerator is improved.

Description

Solid comburent combustion process simulation method and server
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a solid comburent combustion process simulation method and a server.
Background
With the development and progress of computer technology, computational fluid dynamics gradually exposes to the head in the research fields of heat transfer, mass transfer, momentum transfer, combustion, multiphase flow, chemical reaction and the like, and becomes an important research means for researching and developing equipment and improving the performance of the existing equipment. And is widely applied to the aspects of boilers, gas turbines, aerospace design, automobile design, turbine design and the like.
For the devices for burning gas and particles, because the fuel has single component, the existing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software has more comprehensive models and theories, and the existing mature models can be used for carrying out simulation calculation on the burning process. For the remains and sacrificial offerings incinerator, because the substances combusted by the incinerator are neither gas nor particles, a porous medium model is usually adopted to simulate the combustion process in CFD software modeling at present. However, in the existing porous medium model, the porous medium only has the porosity and the parameter setting of one material, and the porosity and the parameter of the material are defaulted to be constant in the simulation, so that the combustion process of the solid burning object in the burning furnace for the relic sacrifice cannot be accurately simulated.
Therefore, how to provide a simulation method to improve the simulation accuracy of the combustion process of the solid burning objects in the burning furnace for the sacrificial offerings is an important issue to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a solid comburent combustion process simulation method and a server.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for simulating a combustion process of a solid comburent, comprising:
establishing an incinerator three-dimensional geometric model, and processing the incinerator three-dimensional geometric model, wherein the processing comprises setting a fluid region and a solid combustion substance porous medium region, meshing a hearth of the incinerator, and setting a combustion boundary condition;
and simulating the combustion process of the solid combustion object according to a pre-established combustion model of the solid combustion object.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a server, comprising:
the modeling unit is used for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator and processing the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, wherein the processing comprises the steps of setting a fluid area and a solid combustion substance porous medium area, meshing a hearth of the incinerator and setting a combustion boundary condition;
and the simulation unit is used for simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent according to a pre-established combustion model of the solid comburent.
According to the solid combustion object combustion process simulation method and the server, the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator can be established, the fluid area and the solid combustion object porous medium area are arranged for grid division, the combustion boundary condition is set, and the combustion process of the solid combustion object is simulated according to the pre-established combustion model of the solid combustion object, so that the simulation accuracy of the combustion process of the solid combustion object in the incinerator is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for simulating a combustion process of a solid fuel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for simulating a solid fuel combustion process according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for simulating a solid fuel combustion process according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a server according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The simulation method of the solid combustion object combustion process provided by the invention is provided based on CFD software, the CFD software has a plurality of types, for convenience of description, the implementation of the simulation method of the solid combustion object combustion process provided by the invention in FLUENT software is taken as an example in the following embodiment, and the implementation of the simulation method of the solid combustion object combustion process provided by the invention in other CFD software is similar to that in FLUENT software.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a solid combustion product combustion process simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the solid combustion product combustion process simulation method according to the present invention includes:
s101, establishing an incinerator three-dimensional geometric model, and processing the incinerator three-dimensional geometric model, wherein the processing comprises setting a fluid area and a solid combustion object porous medium area, carrying out grid division, and setting a combustion boundary condition;
specifically, in order to simulate the combustion process of solid comburent, a server establishes a three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator according to an incinerator solid structure for the combustion of the solid comburent, and processes the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, wherein the processing comprises the steps of setting a fluid area and a solid comburent porous medium area for the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, meshing a hearth of the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, and setting combustion boundary conditions; the grid division can be realized by ICEM software in ANSYS.
S102, simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent according to a pre-established combustion model of the solid comburent and the processed three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator.
Specifically, the server simulates the combustion process of the solid combustion products using the processed three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator based on the combustion model of the solid combustion products after setting the fluid region, meshing the fluid region, and setting the combustion boundary for the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator. Wherein the combustion model is pre-established. The simulation of the combustion process of the solid combustion object can be realized in FLUENT software.
The simulation method for the combustion process of the solid combustion object can establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, set a fluid area and a solid combustion object porous medium area, perform grid division, set combustion boundary conditions and simulate the combustion process of the solid combustion object according to the pre-established combustion model of the solid combustion object, thereby improving the simulation accuracy of the combustion process of the solid combustion object in the incinerator.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a simulation method of a solid combustion object combustion process according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, and on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, further, the step of establishing a combustion model of the solid combustion object includes:
s201, obtaining components of the solid comburent, wherein the components comprise moisture, fixed carbon and volatile matters; wherein the components of the solid comburent are obtained by industrial analysis of the solid comburent;
specifically, the server obtains components of the solid comburent, which can be obtained by performing industrial analysis on the solid comburent, the components including moisture, fixed carbon, and volatiles.
S202, establishing a mass conservation equation of the solid comburent in the combustion process, wherein the mass conservation equation comprises a mass source term of the solid comburent, and the mass source term of the solid comburent is the sum of the mass of the separated volatile matters, the mass of the combustion of the fixed carbon and the mass of the evaporation of the water;
specifically, the mass conservation equation is also called continuity equation, and the mass conservation equation of the solid comburent in the combustion process established by the server can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001313548220000051
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001313548220000052
is the change of the density of the flow field material along with time, is caused by convection terms, namely macroscopic velocity, and the change of mass source terms of the solid combustion materials,
Figure BDA0001313548220000053
for said convection term, SmAnd calculating the mass source term of the solid combustion object by the sum of the mass of the volatile matter separated out, the mass of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass of the water evaporation.
S203, establishing a mass fraction conservation equation of the solid comburent in the combustion process, wherein the mass fraction conservation equation comprises the chemical reaction change rate of the volatile matter, a mass source term of the volatile matter precipitation, a mass source term of the fixed carbon combustion and a mass source term of the water evaporation; the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass source item of the water evaporation are obtained by calculation according to the mass, the reaction rate and the combustion time which respectively correspond to the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass source item of the water evaporation;
specifically, the server establishes a mass fraction conservation equation of the solid comburent in the combustion process according to the components of the solid comburent, and the mass fraction conservation equation can be expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0001313548220000054
where ρ is the density of the flow field material, i.e., the density of the gas, YiIs the concentration of gas component i in the flow field,
Figure BDA0001313548220000055
the transport of the gas components due to convection of the gas, i.e. diffusion of the gas components due to convection,
Figure BDA0001313548220000056
is the diffusion flux of the gas component i, mainly caused by concentration and temperature gradients, RiIs the rate of change of the gas concentration caused by the volatile chemical reaction, i.e., the rate of formation or consumption of the volatile chemical reaction,
Figure BDA0001313548220000061
can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001313548220000062
wherein D isi,mIs the diffusion coefficient of gas, SctIs the turbulent Schmidt number, mutFor turbulent viscosity, Dt＝μt/SctIs the diffusion coefficient of turbulence, DT,iThe temperature gradient diffusion coefficient is shown, and T is the temperature value of the flow field.
The combustion of the solid comburent in the incinerator comprises four processes, namely evaporation of water, precipitation of volatile matters, combustion of the volatile matters and combustion of fixed carbon. Wherein the volatile matter is gas separated out from the solid combustion product in the combustion process, and the component separated out from the volatile matter comprises CH4CO, and H2. In the present application, the mechanism of combustion of volatiles is described using the following three reaction equations:
CH4+1.5O2→CO+2H2O
CO+0.5O2→CO2
H2+O2→H2O
the change rate of the chemical reaction of the volatile matters can be obtained by the reaction equation and the kinetic parameters of the combustion reaction of the volatile matters by searching. Example (b)E.g. for the reaction equation CH4+1.5O2→CO+2H2O, the prescaler a is 5.012x10 by looking up handbooks or literature11The activation energy is E ═ 2x108Reaction rate index RE ═ 0.7[ CH ]4]，0.8[O2]The CH in the above reaction equation can be calculated4And O25.012 × 1011[CH4]0.7[O2]0.8exp(-(2×108) and/RT), where R is the generalized gas constant and T is the temperature value on the divided grid.
SiThe quality source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the quality source item of the fixed carbon combustion or the quality source item of the water evaporation; the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation can be obtained by calculating the product of the mass of the volatile matter precipitation, the reaction rate of the volatile matter precipitation and the combustion time, the mass of the volatile matter precipitation can be obtained by industrial analysis, the reaction rate of the volatile matter precipitation can be obtained by thermogravimetric analysis, and the combustion time is set in a simulation mode on the combustion process of the solid combustion object; the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion can be obtained by calculating the product of the mass of the fixed carbon, the reaction rate of the fixed carbon and the combustion time, the mass of the fixed carbon can be obtained by industrial analysis, and the reaction rate of the fixed carbon can be obtained by thermogravimetric analysis; the mass source term of the water evaporation can be obtained by calculating the product of the mass of the water evaporation, the reaction rate of the water evaporation and the burning time, the mass of the water evaporation can be obtained by industrial analysis, and the reaction rate of the water evaporation can be obtained by inquiring a manual. The combustion time is set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited.
S203, establishing an energy equation of the solid comburent in the combustion process, wherein the energy equation is divided into an energy equation of a porous medium region and an energy equation of a fluid region, and the energy equation of the porous medium region comprises an energy source term of the volatile matter precipitation, an energy source term of the fixed carbon combustion and an energy source term of the water evaporation; and the energy source item for volatile matter precipitation, the energy source item for fixed carbon combustion and the energy source item for water evaporation are obtained by calculation according to the combustion heat value and the change of the corresponding mass in the combustion time.
Specifically, since the combustion region of the solid combustion product is divided into a porous medium region containing the solid combustion product and a fluid region containing the volatile matter, energy equations applied to different combustion regions are different. The server establishes energy equations of the solid comburent in the combustion process, wherein the energy equations comprise an energy equation of a porous medium area and an energy equation of a fluid area.
The energy equation for the fluid region can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001313548220000071
wherein rho is the density of the flow field material, v is the velocity of the flow field, p is the pressure of the flow field, and keffIs the thermal conductivity coefficient, T is the temperature value of the flow field,
Figure BDA0001313548220000072
is the diffusion flux of the volatile matter j,
Figure BDA0001313548220000073
to viscosity dissipation ratio, ShFor the energy source term of the volatile, E is given by the following equation
Figure BDA0001313548220000081
Wherein v is the velocity of the flow field, h is the enthalpy value, and the enthalpy value is obtained by calculating the sum of the enthalpy values of all the components in the volatile, namely h is ∑jYjhjWherein h isjIs the enthalpy value of the volatile component j,
Figure BDA0001313548220000082
wherein, Cp,jIs the constant pressure specific heat of gas, TrefIs the reference temperature. Wherein the density of the flow field material is determined by a physical property manualThe velocity of the flow field is obtained through calculation of fluid simulation software, the pressure of the flow field is obtained through equation iteration, the reference temperature is obtained through calculation of the software flow field, and the heat conductivity coefficient and the constant pressure specific heat of the gas are common knowledge and can be obtained through query.
Since the porous medium contains both solid and fluid media, the overall heat transfer coefficient is described by the effective thermal conductivity. The content of the solid comburent is described by the porosity. Due to the combustion of the solid, the porosity of the porous medium area is continuously increased along with the time, and the local gas flow radiation heat exchange is enhanced. Besides the influence of convection and radiation heat exchange on the temperature, the influence of chemical reaction, water evaporation and volatile matter precipitation on the temperature field needs to be considered in the energy equation of the porous medium region. In summary, the energy equation of the porous medium region can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001313548220000083
wherein γ is the porosity of the solid combustion product, ρfDensity of gas in the voids of the solid, EfIs the enthalpy value of the gas, psIs the density of the solid combustion product, EsIs the enthalpy value of the solid combustion substance, p is the flow field pressure value, v is the flow field velocity, keffIs the effective thermal conductivity in porous media, expressed by the formula keff＝γkf+(1-γ)ksIs obtained by calculation, wherein k isfIs the thermal conductivity of the fluid, ksIs the thermal conductivity of the solid combustion product, hjIs the enthalpy value of component J, JjIs the diffusion flux of the component j,
Figure BDA0001313548220000084
is the viscosity diffusivity, ShAn energy source item for the volatile matter precipitation, an energy source item for the fixed carbon combustion and an energy source item for the moisture evaporation; wherein the energy source term of the volatile matter precipitation can be determined by the combustion heat value of the volatile matter precipitation and the combustion timeThe mass change of the volatile matters is obtained through calculation, the energy source item of the fixed carbon combustion can be obtained through calculation of the combustion heat value of the fixed carbon and the mass change of the fixed carbon in the combustion time, and the energy source item of the moisture evaporation can be obtained through calculation of the combustion heat value of the moisture evaporation and the mass change of the moisture evaporation in the combustion time; the initial value of the porosity of the solid comburent is obtained through tests, the density of gas in a solid gap is obtained through calculation of the temperature and the pressure of the region where the gas is located, the density of the solid comburent is obtained through industrial analysis, the enthalpy value of the gas, the enthalpy value of the solid comburent and the heat conductivity coefficient of the fluid are obtained according to a temperature and pressure manual, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the solid comburent is constant.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the reaction rate of the volatile matter deposition, the reaction rate of the fixed carbon combustion, and the reaction rate of the water evaporation are calculated according to the arrhenius equation.
Specifically, in the combustion process of the solid combustion product, the reaction rate of the volatile matter precipitation, the reaction of the fixed carbon combustion and the reaction rate of the moisture evaporation are controlled by the arrhenius equation, and can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001313548220000091
k, the reaction rate of volatile matter precipitation, the reaction of fixed carbon combustion or the reaction rate of water evaporation, A is a pre-index factor, E is activation energy, R is a generalized gas constant, and T is a temperature value on a grid divided in the simulation process of the solid combustion object combustion process. A. The values of E and R can be obtained by manual, literature, and thermogravimetric experiments.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for simulating a solid combustion product combustion process according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, and based on the above embodiments, further, the simulating the solid combustion product combustion process according to a pre-established solid combustion product combustion model and a processed three-dimensional geometry model of the incinerator includes:
s1021, setting an initial state of the solid comburent, wherein the initial state comprises the mass of the solid comburent, the mass parts of all components in the solid comburent, the combustion heat value of all the components, and the porosity and the temperature of the solid comburent;
specifically, before simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent, the server needs to set an initial state of the solid comburent, where the initial state includes a mass of the solid comburent, a mass fraction of each component in the solid comburent, a combustion heat value of each component, a porosity of the solid comburent, and a temperature. The mass of the solid comburent, the mass parts of the components in the solid comburent and the combustion heat value of the components in the solid comburent can be obtained by performing industrial analysis on the solid comburent, the porosity of the solid comburent can be obtained by experimental measurement, and the temperature can be set to be normal temperature.
S1022, calculating and obtaining the residual mass of each component in the solid comburent after preset combustion time according to the mass of the solid comburent, the mass parts of each component, the porosity, the temperature and the combustion model, and updating the mass parts of each component and the porosity;
specifically, the simulation of the combustion process is implemented in FLUENT software, and the server starts the combustion model in the FLUENT software, wherein the combustion model comprises the mass conservation equation, the mass fraction conservation equation, the energy equation, the turbulence equation and the radiation model, and the turbulence equation and the radiation model are set in the FLUENT software by default. The server inputs the mass of the solid comburent, the mass parts of the components, the porosity and the temperature into the combustion model, and the residual mass of the components in the solid comburent after a preset combustion time can be calculated and obtained, wherein the preset combustion time is set according to an actual situation, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited. And the server updates the mass parts of the components and the porosity according to the residual mass of the components, wherein the specific calculation process of the porosity is the prior art and is not repeated here.
S1023, updating energy source items of the components according to the combustion heat values of the components and the corresponding change of the mass of the components in the preset time;
specifically, the solid combustion object is accompanied by energy change in the combustion process, in an initial state, the solid combustion object is not combusted, the energy source item of each component is zero, the solid combustion object emits heat in the combustion process, and accordingly, the energy source item of each component is changed. The server can obtain the change of the mass of each component in the preset time, and update the energy source items of each component according to the combustion heat value of each component and the corresponding change of the mass of each component.
S1024, if the change rate of the mass parts of the components in the preset combustion time is lower than a preset value, terminating the simulation process; otherwise, continuing the simulation process.
Specifically, in actual combustion, the solid comburent burns out over a certain period of time. Correspondingly, in the simulation process of the combustion process, the server may calculate a change rate of the mass parts of the components within the preset combustion time, compare the change rate with a preset value, and if the change rate is lower than the preset value, judge that the solid comburent is completely combusted, and terminate the simulation process; if the change rate is larger than or equal to the preset value, the server continues the simulation process, namely after the next preset combustion time, the server updates the mass fraction, the porosity and the energy source item of each component, then calculates the change rate of the mass fraction of each component in the next preset combustion time, and judges whether to terminate or continue the simulation process.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the method further includes:
outputting combustion parameters obtained by simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent so as to improve the incinerator; wherein the combustion parameter is a parameter associated with the combustion process.
Specifically, the server may simulate the solid comburent combustion process under different working conditions, and output combustion parameters under different working conditions, where the combustion parameters are parameters related to the combustion process, and include combustion time, velocity field distribution, pollutant distribution, and the like. The combustion parameters may provide reference for improvement of the structure of the incinerator.
For example, it is found from the analysis of the velocity field distribution that the space of the swirling area can be increased appropriately in the design of the incinerator, the residence time of the mixed gas in this portion is increased, the reaction time is prolonged, and the complete combustion of the gas is facilitated.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the server provided by the present invention includes a modeling unit 401 and a simulation unit 402, where:
the modeling unit 401 is configured to establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, and process the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, where the processing includes setting a fluid region and a solid combustion substance porous medium region, performing mesh division, and setting a combustion boundary condition; the simulation unit 402 is configured to simulate a combustion process of the solid combustion object according to a pre-established combustion model of the solid combustion object and the processed three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator.
Specifically, in order to simulate the combustion process of the solid combustibles, the modeling unit 401 establishes a three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator according to the solid structure of the incinerator for the combustion of the solid combustibles, and processes the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, the processing including setting a fluid region and a solid combustibles porous medium region to the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, meshing a hearth of the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, and setting combustion boundary conditions; the grid division can be realized by ICEM software in ANSYS.
After the fluid region is set, the mesh division is performed, and the combustion boundary is set in the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, the simulation unit 402 simulates the combustion process of the solid combustion object using the processed three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator based on the combustion model of the solid combustion object. Wherein the combustion model is pre-established. The simulation of the combustion process of the solid combustion object can be realized in FLUENT software.
The server provided by the invention can establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, set the fluid area and the solid combustion object porous medium area, perform grid division, set the combustion boundary condition, and simulate the combustion process of the solid combustion object according to the pre-established combustion model of the solid combustion object, thereby improving the simulation accuracy of the combustion process of the solid combustion object in the incinerator.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the server further includes an obtaining unit 403, a first establishing unit 404, a second establishing unit 405, and a third establishing unit 406, where:
the obtaining unit 403 is used for obtaining components of the solid comburent, wherein the components comprise moisture, fixed carbon and volatile matters; wherein the components of the solid comburent are obtained by industrial analysis of the solid comburent; a first establishing unit 404 for establishing a mass conservation equation of the solid combustion product in the combustion process, the mass conservation equation including a mass source term of the solid combustion product, the mass source term of the solid combustion product being a sum of the mass of the volatile matter deposition, the mass of the fixed carbon combustion, and the mass of the moisture evaporation; the second establishing unit 405 is configured to establish a mass fraction conservation equation of the solid combustion product in the combustion process, where the mass fraction conservation equation includes a chemical reaction change rate of the volatile matter, a mass source term of the volatile matter precipitation, a mass source term of the fixed carbon combustion, and a mass source term of the moisture evaporation; the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass source item of the water evaporation are obtained by calculation according to the mass, the reaction rate and the combustion time which respectively correspond to the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass source item of the water evaporation; the third establishing unit 406 is configured to establish an energy equation of the solid comburent during the combustion process, where the energy equation is divided into an energy equation of a porous medium region and an energy equation of a fluid region, and the energy equation of the porous medium region includes an energy source term of the volatile matter precipitation, an energy source term of the fixed carbon combustion, and an energy source term of the moisture evaporation; and the energy source item for volatile matter precipitation, the energy source item for fixed carbon combustion and the energy source item for water evaporation are obtained by calculation according to the combustion heat value and the change of the corresponding mass in the combustion time.
Specifically, the obtaining unit 403 obtains the components of the solid combustion product, which can be obtained by performing industrial analysis on the solid combustion product, including moisture, fixed carbon, and volatiles.
The mass conservation equation, also called continuity equation, established by the first establishing unit 404 may be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001313548220000141
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001313548220000142
is the change of the density of the flow field material along with time, is caused by convection terms, namely macroscopic velocity, and the change of mass source terms of the solid combustion materials,
Figure BDA0001313548220000143
for said convection term, SmIs a mass source term of the solid combustion product, and is composed of one of a mass of the volatile matter precipitated, a mass of the fixed carbon burned and a mass of the water evaporatedAnd calculating.
The second establishing unit 405 establishes a mass fraction conservation equation of the solid combustion product in the combustion process according to the composition of the solid combustion product, and the mass fraction conservation equation can be expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0001313548220000144
where ρ is the density of the flow field material and YiIs the concentration of gas component i in the flow field,
Figure BDA0001313548220000145
for the diffusion of gas components due to convection of the gas,
Figure BDA0001313548220000146
is the diffusion flux of the component i, mainly caused by concentration gradient and temperature gradient, RiIs the rate of change of the gas concentration caused by the volatile chemical reaction, i.e., the rate of formation or consumption of the volatile chemical reaction,
Figure BDA0001313548220000147
can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001313548220000148
wherein D isi,mIs the diffusion coefficient of gas, SctIs the turbulent Schmidt number, mutFor turbulent viscosity, Dt＝μt/SctIs the diffusion coefficient of turbulence, DT,iAnd T is a diffusion coefficient caused by temperature gradient, and the temperature value of the flow field is represented by K, Kelvin and absolute temperature.
The combustion of the solid comburent in the incinerator comprises four processes, namely evaporation of water, precipitation of volatile matters, combustion of the volatile matters and combustion of fixed carbon. Wherein the volatile matter is gas separated out from the solid combustion product in the combustion process, and the component separated out from the volatile matter comprises CH4CO, and H2. In the present application, the mechanism of combustion of volatiles is described using the following three reaction equations:
CH4+1.5O2→CO+2H2O
CO+0.5O2→CO2
H2+O2→H2O
the change rate of the chemical reaction of the volatile matters can be obtained by the reaction equation and the kinetic parameters of the combustion reaction of the volatile matters by searching. For example, for reaction equation CH4+1.5O2→CO+2H2O, the prescaler a is 5.012x10 by looking up handbooks or literature11The activation energy is E ═ 2x108Reaction rate index RE ═ 0.7[ CH ]4]，0.8[O2]The CH in the above reaction equation can be calculated4And O25.012 × 1011[CH4]0.7[O2]0.8exp(-(2×108) and/RT), where R is the generalized gas constant and T is the temperature value on the divided grid.
SiThe quality source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the quality source item of the fixed carbon combustion or the quality source item of the water evaporation; the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation can be obtained by calculating the product of the mass of the volatile matter precipitation, the reaction rate of the volatile matter precipitation and the combustion time, the mass of the volatile matter precipitation can be obtained by industrial analysis, the reaction rate of the volatile matter precipitation can be obtained by thermogravimetric analysis, and the combustion time is set in a simulation mode on the combustion process of the solid combustion object; the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion can be obtained by calculating the product of the mass of the fixed carbon, the reaction rate of the fixed carbon and the combustion time, the mass of the fixed carbon can be obtained by industrial analysis, and the reaction rate of the fixed carbon can be obtained by thermogravimetric analysis; the mass source term of the water evaporation can be obtained by calculating the product of the mass of the water evaporation, the reaction rate of the water evaporation and the combustion timeThe mass of (b) can be obtained by industrial analysis, the reaction rate of the water evaporation can be obtained by a query manual, and the combustion time is set in a simulation of the combustion process of the solid combustion materials. The combustion time is set according to actual conditions, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited.
Since the combustion zone of the solid combustion product is divided into a porous medium zone containing the solid combustion product and a fluid zone containing the volatile matter, energy equations applied to different combustion zones are different. The third establishing unit 406 establishes an energy equation of the solid comburent in the combustion process including an energy equation of the porous medium region and an energy equation of the fluid region.
The energy equation for the fluid region can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001313548220000161
wherein rho is the density of the flow field material, v is the flow field velocity, p is the pressure of the flow field, and keffIs the thermal conductivity coefficient, T is the temperature value of the flow field,
Figure BDA0001313548220000162
is the diffusion flux of the volatile matter j,
Figure BDA0001313548220000163
to viscosity dissipation ratio, ShFor the energy source term of the volatile, E is given by the following equation
Figure BDA0001313548220000164
Wherein v is the speed of the fluid, h is the enthalpy value, and the enthalpy value is obtained by calculating the sum of the enthalpy values of all the components in the volatile, namely h is ∑jYjhjWherein h isjIs the enthalpy value of the volatile component j,
Figure BDA0001313548220000165
wherein, Cp,jIs the constant pressure specific heat of gas, TrefFor the purpose of the reference temperature, the temperature,at 0 deg.C, 273.15K.
Since the porous medium contains both solid and fluid media, the overall heat transfer coefficient is described by the effective thermal conductivity. The content of the solid comburent is described by the porosity. Due to the combustion of the solid, the porosity of the porous medium area is continuously increased along with the time, and the local gas flow radiation heat exchange is enhanced. Besides the influence of convection and radiation heat exchange on the temperature, the influence of chemical reaction, water evaporation and volatile matter precipitation on the temperature field needs to be considered in the energy equation of the porous medium region. In summary, the energy equation of the porous medium region can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001313548220000166
wherein γ is the porosity of the solid combustion product, ρfDensity of gas in the voids of the solid, EfIs the enthalpy value of the gas, psIs the density of the solid combustion product, EsIs the enthalpy value of the solid combustion material, p is the flow field pressure value, v is the flow field velocity, keffIs the effective thermal conductivity in porous media, expressed by the formula keff＝γkf+(1-γ)ksIs obtained by calculation, wherein k isfIs the thermal conductivity of the fluid, ksThermal conductivity of a solid, hjIs the enthalpy value of component J, JjIs the diffusion flux of the component j,
Figure BDA0001313548220000171
is the viscosity diffusivity, ShAn energy source item for the volatile matter precipitation, an energy source item for the fixed carbon combustion and an energy source item for the moisture evaporation; wherein, the energy source item of the volatile matter precipitation can be obtained by calculating the combustion heat value of the volatile matter precipitation and the mass change of the volatile matter precipitation in the combustion time, the energy source item of the fixed carbon combustion can be obtained by calculating the combustion heat value of the fixed carbon and the mass change of the fixed carbon in the combustion time, and the energy source item of the water evaporation can be obtained by calculating the combustion heat value of the fixed carbon and the mass change of the fixed carbon in the combustion timeThe combustion heat value of the water evaporation and the mass change of the water evaporation in the combustion time are obtained through calculation.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the reaction rate of the volatile matter deposition, the reaction rate of the fixed carbon combustion, and the reaction rate of the water evaporation are calculated according to the arrhenius equation.
Specifically, in the combustion process of the solid combustion product, the reaction rate of the volatile matter precipitation, the reaction of the fixed carbon combustion and the reaction rate of the moisture evaporation are controlled by the arrhenius equation, and can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001313548220000172
k, the reaction rate of volatile matter precipitation, the reaction of fixed carbon combustion or the reaction rate of water evaporation, A is a pre-index factor, E is activation energy, R is a generalized gas constant, and T is a temperature value on a grid divided in the simulation process of the solid combustion object combustion process. A. The values of E and R can be obtained by manual, literature, and thermogravimetric experiments.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a server according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the simulation unit 402 specifically includes a setting subunit 4021, a first updating unit 4022, a second updating unit 4023, and a determining subunit 4024, where:
the setting subunit 4021 is configured to set an initial state of the solid combustion object, where the initial state includes a mass of the solid combustion object, parts by mass of each component in the solid combustion object, a combustion heat value of each component, a porosity of the solid combustion object, and a temperature; the first updating unit 4022 is configured to calculate and obtain the remaining mass of each component in the solid combustion material after a preset combustion time according to the mass of the solid combustion material, the mass fraction of each component, the porosity, the temperature, and the combustion model, and update the mass fraction of each component and the porosity; the second updating unit 4023 is configured to update the energy source items of each component according to the combustion heat value of each component and the corresponding change in mass of each component within the preset time; the judging subunit 4024 is configured to terminate the simulation process if it is judged and known that the change rate of the mass fraction of each component in the preset combustion time is lower than a preset value; otherwise, continuing the simulation process.
Specifically, before simulating the combustion process of the solid combustion object, the setting subunit 4021 needs to set an initial state of the solid combustion object, where the initial state includes the mass of the solid combustion object, the mass fraction of each component in the solid combustion object, the combustion heat value of each component in the solid combustion object, the porosity of the solid combustion object, and the temperature. The mass of the solid comburent, the mass parts of the components in the solid comburent and the combustion heat value of the components can be obtained by performing industrial analysis on the solid comburent, the porosity of the solid comburent can be obtained by experimental measurement, and the temperature can be set to be normal temperature.
The simulation of the combustion process is implemented in FLUENT software, and the first update unit 4022 starts the combustion model in FLUENT software, including the conservation of mass equation, the energy equation, the turbulence equation, and the radiation model, which are set by default in FLUENT software. The first updating unit 4022 inputs the mass of the solid combustion object, the mass fraction of each component, the porosity, and the temperature into the combustion model, and may calculate and obtain the remaining mass of each component in the solid combustion object after a preset combustion time, where the preset combustion time is set according to an actual situation, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited. The first updating unit 4022 updates the mass fraction of each component and the porosity according to the remaining mass of each component, and a specific calculation process of the porosity is the prior art and is not described herein again.
The solid combustion object is accompanied with energy change in the combustion process, the solid combustion object is not combusted in the initial state, the energy source terms of all the components are zero, the solid combustion object emits heat in the combustion process, and accordingly, the energy source terms of all the components are changed. The second updating unit 4023 may obtain the change in mass of each component in the preset time, and update the energy source item of each component according to the combustion heat value of each component and the corresponding change in mass of each component.
In actual combustion, the solid combustibles burn out over time. Correspondingly, in the simulation process of the combustion process, the judging subunit 4024 may calculate a change rate of the mass parts of the components within the preset combustion time, compare the change rate with a preset value, judge that the solid fuel is completely combusted if the change rate is lower than the preset value, and terminate the simulation process by the judging subunit 4024; if the change rate is greater than or equal to the preset value, the server continues the simulation process, that is, after the next preset combustion time, the first updating unit 4022 updates the mass fraction and the porosity of each component, the second updating unit 4023 updates the energy source item of each component, the determining subunit 4024 recalculates the change rate of the mass fraction of each component in the next preset combustion time, and determines whether to terminate or continue the simulation process.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the server further includes an output unit, wherein:
the output unit is used for outputting combustion parameters obtained by simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent so as to improve the incinerator; wherein the combustion parameter is a parameter associated with the combustion process. The combustion parameters may provide reference for improvement of the structure of the incinerator.
Specifically, the server may simulate the solid comburent combustion process under different working conditions, and the output unit outputs combustion parameters under different working conditions, where the combustion parameters are parameters related to the combustion process, and include combustion time, velocity field distribution, pollutant distribution, and the like.
The embodiment of the server provided by the present invention may be specifically configured to execute the processing flows of the above method embodiments, and the functions of the embodiment are not described herein again, and refer to the detailed description of the above method embodiments.
The above-described server embodiments are only illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for simulating a combustion process of a solid combustion object, comprising:
establishing an incinerator three-dimensional geometric model, and processing the incinerator three-dimensional geometric model, wherein the processing comprises setting a fluid area and a solid combustion substance porous medium area, carrying out meshing and setting combustion boundary conditions;
simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent according to a pre-established combustion model of the solid comburent and the processed three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator;
the step of establishing a combustion model of the solid comburent includes:
obtaining components of the solid comburent, wherein the components comprise moisture, fixed carbon and volatile matters; wherein the components of the solid comburent are obtained by industrial analysis of the solid comburent;
establishing a mass conservation equation of the solid comburent in the combustion process, wherein the mass conservation equation comprises a mass source term of the solid comburent, and the mass source term of the solid comburent is the sum of the mass of the volatile matters separated out, the mass of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass of the water evaporation;
establishing a mass fraction conservation equation of the solid comburent in the combustion process, wherein the mass fraction conservation equation comprises a chemical reaction change rate of the volatile matter, a mass source term of the volatile matter precipitation, a mass source term of the fixed carbon combustion and a mass source term of the moisture evaporation; the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass source item of the water evaporation are obtained by calculation according to the mass, the reaction rate and the combustion time which respectively correspond to the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass source item of the water evaporation;
establishing an energy equation of the solid comburent in the combustion process, wherein the energy equation is divided into an energy equation of a porous medium region and an energy equation of a fluid region, and the energy equation of the porous medium region comprises an energy source term of the volatile matter precipitation, an energy source term of the fixed carbon combustion and an energy source term of the water evaporation; and the energy source item for volatile matter precipitation, the energy source item for fixed carbon combustion and the energy source item for water evaporation are obtained by calculation according to the combustion heat value and the change of the corresponding mass in the combustion time.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction rate of the volatile matter evolution, the reaction rate of the fixed carbon combustion, and the reaction rate of the water evaporation are calculated according to arrhenius equation.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulating the combustion process of the solid combustibles according to the pre-established combustion model of the solid combustibles and the processed three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator comprises:
setting an initial state of the solid comburent, wherein the initial state comprises the mass of the solid comburent, the mass parts of each component in the solid comburent, the combustion heat value of each component, the porosity and the temperature of the solid comburent;
calculating to obtain the residual mass of each component in the solid comburent after a preset combustion time according to the mass of the solid comburent, the mass parts of each component, the porosity, the temperature and the combustion model, and updating the mass parts of each component and the porosity;
updating the energy source items of the components according to the combustion heat values of the components and the corresponding changes of the mass of the components in the preset time;
if the change rate of the mass parts of the components in the preset combustion time is lower than a preset value, terminating the simulation process; otherwise, continuing the simulation process.
4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
outputting combustion parameters obtained by simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent so as to improve the incinerator; wherein the combustion parameter is a parameter associated with the combustion process.
5. A server, comprising:
the modeling unit is used for establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator and processing the three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator, wherein the processing comprises the steps of setting a fluid area and a solid combustion substance porous medium area, carrying out meshing and setting a combustion boundary condition;
the simulation unit is used for simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent according to a pre-established combustion model of the solid comburent and the processed three-dimensional geometric model of the incinerator;
an obtaining unit for obtaining components of the solid comburent, the components including moisture, fixed carbon, and volatile matter; wherein the components of the solid comburent are obtained by industrial analysis of the solid comburent;
a first establishing unit, configured to establish a mass conservation equation of the solid combustion object in a combustion process, where the mass conservation equation includes a mass source term of the solid combustion object, and the mass source term of the solid combustion object is a sum of a mass of the volatile matter deposition, a mass of the fixed carbon combustion, and a mass of the moisture evaporation;
a second establishing unit, configured to establish a mass fraction conservation equation of the solid combustion object in a combustion process, where the mass fraction conservation equation includes a chemical reaction change rate of the volatile matter, a mass source term of the volatile matter precipitation, a mass source term of the fixed carbon combustion, and a mass source term of the moisture evaporation; the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass source item of the water evaporation are obtained by calculation according to the mass, the reaction rate and the combustion time which respectively correspond to the mass source item of the volatile matter precipitation, the mass source item of the fixed carbon combustion and the mass source item of the water evaporation;
a third establishing unit, configured to establish an energy equation of the solid comburent during combustion, where the energy equation is divided into an energy equation of a porous medium region and an energy equation of a fluid region, and the energy equation of the porous medium region includes an energy source term of the volatile matter precipitation, an energy source term of the fixed carbon combustion, and an energy source term of the moisture evaporation; and the energy source item for volatile matter precipitation, the energy source item for fixed carbon combustion and the energy source item for water evaporation are obtained by calculation according to the combustion heat value and the change of the corresponding mass in the combustion time.
6. The server according to claim 5, wherein the reaction rate of the volatile matter deposition, the reaction rate of the fixed carbon combustion, and the reaction rate of the water evaporation are calculated according to Arrhenius equation.
7. The server according to claim 5, wherein the simulation unit specifically includes:
a setting subunit, configured to set an initial state of the solid combustion object, where the initial state includes a mass of the solid combustion object, a mass fraction of each component in the solid combustion object, a combustion heat value of each component, and a porosity and a temperature of the solid combustion object;
a first updating unit, configured to calculate and obtain a remaining mass of each component in the solid combustion object after a preset combustion time according to the mass of the solid combustion object, the mass fraction of each component, the porosity, the temperature, and the combustion model, and update the mass fraction of each component;
the second updating unit is used for updating the energy source item and the porosity according to the combustion heat value of each component and the corresponding change of the mass of each component in the preset time;
the judging subunit is used for terminating the simulation process after judging that the change rate of the mass parts of the components in the preset combustion time is lower than a preset value; otherwise, continuing the simulation process.
8. The server according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising an output unit, wherein:
the output unit is used for outputting combustion parameters obtained by simulating the combustion process of the solid comburent so as to improve the incinerator; wherein the combustion parameter is a parameter associated with the combustion process.
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