CN107315183A - The calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system - Google Patents
The calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107315183A CN107315183A CN201710405698.9A CN201710405698A CN107315183A CN 107315183 A CN107315183 A CN 107315183A CN 201710405698 A CN201710405698 A CN 201710405698A CN 107315183 A CN107315183 A CN 107315183A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/23—Testing, monitoring, correcting or calibrating of receiver elements
- G01S19/235—Calibration of receiver components
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system, it is desirable to provide one kind suppresses interference, improves the calibration method that aerial array steering vector estimates accuracy.The technical scheme is that：When passage is calibrated, the multi-channel data feeding passage calibration process module that multichannel analog-digital converter is exported enters the processing of row of channels calibration signal, inconsistency between Measurement channel, wherein at least two passage is selected successively, rest channels keep normal operation, the passage consistency response changed over time is updated, the channel response for obtaining using for array process algorithms module is calculated, passage calibration is completed；In antenna calibration, measurement signal is used as by satellite-signal, through array signal weighting processing module DBF synthesizing multi-path antenna calibrations signal feeding aeronautical satellite digital receiver, and export to antenna calibration processing module, antenna response of the array in the satellite-signal incident direction under real operating environments is calculated, antenna calibration is completed.
Description
Technical field
The field such as radar, sonar, radio communication array antenna received system is widely used in the present invention relates to one kind
Calibration method.Specifically, it is, on navigation satellite signal process field, to be led applied to using array antenna received and processing
In the system of satellite-signal of navigating, support to improve Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio and the calibration method of stable phase angle center array disposal ability.
Background technology
Satellite navigation system is the system based on radio distance-measuring, and antenna is the pass realized radio signal reception and sent
Key section, the index such as directionality, polarization characteristic, bandwidth of operation characteristic and the phase stability of antenna directly determines satellite navigation
The service quality of system.Satellite navigation system signals are weak, also increasingly protrude the problem of be easily disturbed.Drawn by functions
Point, satellite navigation system can be roughly divided into space segment, control section and apply section, and space segment and control section use traditional face mostly
Antenna structure, plate aerial or helical antenna are used using section.The satellite earth antenna used at present is usually that an antenna is received
One satellite-signal.Traditional surface antenna directional diagram is difficult to control, and bandwidth of operation is narrower；Plate aerial and helical antenna gain coefficient
Low, directional diagram can not be adjusted adaptively, it is impossible to meet anti-interference type subscriber computer needs.Individual antenna directional diagram is difficult to control, and is increased
Benefit is not high, and polarization characteristic and bandwidth characteristic also tend to that satellite navigation system development need can not be met；Array antenna considers will
Multiple single antenna rearrange antenna system according to certain rules, by adjusting the feeding classification and arrangement regulation of each antenna element,
To realize specific directional diagram, polarization characteristic and bandwidth characteristic needs, this will have highly important application prospect and meaning.
Relative to existing system, Future Satellite navigation system proposes higher requirement to antenna.
Array antenna includes phased array antenna, multibeam antenna and adaptive antenna etc..In phased array antenna, each radiation is single
The current feed phase of member is controllable, changes the pattern shapes of antenna by adjusting the current feed phase of each radiating element, realizes antenna
Receive the control in sense and transmission signal direction.It is to be directly changed into digital letter after amplified filtering that antenna, which receives signal,
Number；Have the disadvantage because the frequency that radio frequency low pass is sampled is at least twice of radio frequency operation bandwidth, the performance (conversion to AD converter
Speed, bandwidth of operation, dynamic range etc.) very high requirement is proposed, while being also required that especially to the signal processor of rear end
Height, can not also be realized well at present.The tracking of the traditional antenna docking collection of letters number relies on mechanical means rotable antenna；To ensure day
Line gain and beam feature, navigation system control section is substantial amounts of to defend logical antenna aperture greatly, and antenna rotatory inertia is big, control unit extension set
Tool failure is higher；Phased array antenna can solve mechanical means rotable antenna problems faced.In multibeam antenna, wave beam shape is used
Signal amplitude from network to array element and phase needed for being encouraged into, produce multiple sharp wave beams, then by the superposition of wave beam come
The shape beam covering specific region of given shape is produced, the efficiency of multibeam antenna depends on array signal processing.Array is believed
Number processing be field of signal processing important branch, it be by multiple sensors be arranged on space diverse location constitute sensor
Array, and (multipoint parallel sampling) and processing are received to spacing wave field using this array, extract what array was received.
Signal and its characteristic information (parameter), while suppressing interference and noise or uninterested information.It is with general signal transacting
Mode is different, because its array is the sensor group being arranged in by certain way on the diverse location of space, main empty using signal
Domain characteristic strengthens signal and effectively extracts signal spatial information (si), therefore array signal processing is also referred to as spatial domain signal transacting.Battle array
Topmost two research directions of column signal processing are adaptive spatial filtering (adaptive array processings), and Estimation of Spatial Spectrum (is estimated
Count the spatial domain parameter or information source position of signal), it carries signal (airspace filter) for research object with spatial ripple.Digital wave
Beam formation technology is the amplitude and phase difference that signal between different receiving channels is compensated by digital form, and it is synthesized in digital multi-channel
After realize airspace filter, however, due to site error, signal transmission passage non_uniform response and antenna direction between antenna element
Figure is undesirable so that the jamproof hydraulic performance decline of reality of classical Anti-interference algorithm.
In satellite navigation system, One-Point Location is that defending for receiver measurement is led after signal pseudo-code phase, and letter is led according to defending
Number straightline propagation and geometry cross principle, calculate the coordinate position of the antenna in ECEF coordinate system.Due to ionosphere
The transmission influence of signal is led on defending with the transmission medium such as troposphere, the measurement error for leading signal pseudo-code phase is defended by bringing, so that
10m is likely to be breached in the precision of One-Point Location, it is impossible to meet the precision that the applications such as warship guiding in direction finding/survey appearance, aircraft lands/
Demand.Compared with the measurement of pseudo-code phase, the measurement accuracy of carrier phase can lift 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, utilize carrier phase
High-acruracy survey and eliminate common-mode error difference defend waveguide technology, by the precision of relative positioning improve to centimetre even millimeter
Level, as direction finding ,/survey appearance, aircraft lands/a key technology of the applications such as warship guiding.
Traditional array process algorithms are when being applied in satellite navigation system, and the code for leading signal is defended in inevitably influence
Phase and carrier phase, and the phase information of navigation satellite signal is closely related with position relationship, can directly affect reception system
Positioning timing function.Because non-omnidirectional's characteristic of antenna and the inconsistency of passage can cause to navigation satellite signal phase
The destruction of information, inaccurate aerial array steering vector will lead to not control what ARRAY PROCESSING brought particular satellite signal
Phase deviation and the optimal signal to noise ratio of acquisition.Therefore, corresponding phase alignment is carried out to antenna, is the key for ensureing systematic function.
On the other hand, navigation satellite signal belongs to narrow band signal, in the high-precision difference by navigation satellite signal carrier phase measurement
In relative positioning, it is crucial that ensure that array antenna data are passed through after digital beam froming, the carrier phase of different directions
Response is consistent, i.e., with stable phase center.So conventional digital array antenna receiving channel wide-band LFM
Signal calibration can be converted into simple signal progress, while in order to which the relative phase for keeping navigation satellite signal to reach at antenna is closed
System so that the landing with high-precision relative positioning demand/warship/operation direct application benefit, it is necessary to navigation array antenna
The accurate aerial array steering vector of reception system is measured.
The content of the invention
The task of the present invention is that part can save hardware resource, increasing there is provided one kind in view of the shortcomings of the prior art
Strong useful signal, suppression interference, improve Signal-to-Noise and aerial array steering vector estimation accuracy, with higher array
The calibration method of the aeronautical satellite array antenna received system of steering vector measurement accuracy, further object of the present invention and its
Basic thought be will calibration content subdivision, be divided into the calibration of indeclinable antenna response, and the channel response of change calibration, and
Support to keep the continuous operation of navigation array antenna received system digits Wave beam forming processing and have to be calibrated under disturbed condition.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be reached by following measures.A kind of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system
Calibration method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：The calibration for array antenna received system of navigating is divided into by control instruction
Carry out passage calibration and two parts of antenna calibration of pattern switching；In passage calibration phase, RF switch is adjusted to passage
Calibration signal is inputted, and the multi-channel data feeding passage calibration process module of multichannel analog-digital converter output enters row of channels calibration letter
Number processing, the inconsistency between Measurement channel selects wherein at least two passage successively, and rest channels keep normal operation,
The passage consistency response changed over time is updated, the channel response for obtaining using for array process algorithms module is calculated, completes
The calibration of passage；In antenna calibration, by satellite-signal as measurement signal, RF switch connects antenna input, by multichannel mould
The multi-channel data feeding array signal weighting processing module DBF of number converter AD outputs, antenna calibration processing module is for spy
Fixed satellite provides the weighted vector of multiple calibration wave beams needed for array signal weighting processing module DBF, through array signal plus
The multi-path antenna calibration signal feeding aeronautical satellite digital receiver after processing module DBF synthesis is weighed, passes through aeronautical satellite numeral
Track loop in receiver is measured to the amplitude and phase of navigation satellite signal, and is exported to antenna calibration processing mould
Block, the satellite-signal amplitude exported with reference to receiver, phase and antenna calibration handle preset calibration wave beam weight vector, calculate
Antenna response of the array in the satellite-signal incident direction under real operating environments, i.e., antenna is to different directions incoming signal
Array steering vector is measured, and realizes the calibration of aerial array.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：
1st, hardware resource, enhancing useful signal can be saved, suppresses interference and improves Signal-to-Noise.The present invention is in passage calibration
Stage, RF switch is adjusted to the input of passage calibration signal, and the digital multi-channel data of analog-digital converter output enter passage school
Quasi- processing module, calculating obtains channel response, uses array signal processing algorithm for array process algorithms module, accurately measures day
The inconsistent response of passage and antenna are measured the steering vector of different directions incoming signal in linear array receiving processing system, accurate
Really control the relative phase relation of the navigation satellite signal after array signal processing and obtain maximum Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio, realize anti-
Interference coexists with Precise Relative Positioning ability, can strengthen useful signal, suppress interference.During passage calibration letter, channel response
Calculating, due to that can be realized using the correlator configuration of phase multiply-accumulate, without introducing wave filter, related skill can also be utilized
Art realizes the measurement of response difference between passage, calibration signal is inputted coupled to radio-frequency channel, by the number of two of which passage
According to being multiplied and the cumulative amplitude and phase response difference obtained between two passages, it is to avoid introduce wave filter, can be multiplexed
Digital Down Converter Module is realized, saves hardware resource.
2nd, flexible passage alignment mechanism.It is also an option that all passages are carried out simultaneously when row of channels calibration is entered,
Such as start shooting the moment；Minimum to allow selection two passages therein to carry out, rest channels can keep normal operation so that navigation
The processing of array antenna received system digits Wave beam forming can carry out period regulation while possessing continuous antijamming capability, update
The passage consistency response changed over time, lifting system performance.
3rd, aerial array steering vector estimation accuracy.The present invention is by means of the tracking ring in aeronautical satellite digital receiver
Road is measured to the amplitude and phase of navigation satellite signal, and accurate aerial array is measured under real operating environments and is led relatively
To vector.During antenna calibration, it can provide array signal weighting by antenna calibration processing module for specific satellite and handle
The weighted vector of multiple calibration wave beams needed for module DBF, satellite-signal amplitude, phase and the antenna school exported with reference to receiver
The computational methods of the preset weights of quasi- processing, can either ensure high s/n ratio, the accurate calculating of antenna steering vector is can guarantee that again.Tool
Bulk measurement principle can be antenna number or port number, navigation satellite digital receiver is provided by setting an independent beam
Amplitude and phase measurement, build system of linear equations, estimation antenna be oppositely oriented vector in the satellite direction.
4th, with higher array steering vector measurement accuracy.The present invention by satellite-signal as measurement signal, it is and dark
Measurement signal in room is compared to far field plane wave approximation is more conformed to, with higher array steering vector measurement accuracy.
5th, the present invention has wave beam equation independent, improves calibration phase Signal-to-Noise and the estimation of aerial array steering vector
The characteristics of accuracy.In order to measure the steering vector of satellite-signal incident direction, antenna calibration processing module is defended for same
Star, ensures multigroup calibration wave beam weight vector Line independent, while these weighted vectors are defended to the direction when design
Star signal, with certain ARRAY PROCESSING gain, it is possible to increase the signal to noise ratio of the beam data Satellite signal after calibration, and then
Lift track loop in the aeronautical satellite digital receiver of rear end and, to the amplitude and phase measurement accuracy of satellite-signal, improve to obtain antenna
The calculating accuracy of array steering vector.
6th, present invention is particularly suitable for application in both need the accurate of carrier phase measurement corresponding to use, it is necessary to very strong anti-dry
Disturb the calibration of the navigation satellite signal antenna array receiver system of ability.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated with implementation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but does not therefore limit the present invention to described example
Among scope.
Fig. 1 is aeronautical satellite array antenna received systematic schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 Signal Pretreatment Digital Down Convert DDC circuit theory schematic diagrams.
Fig. 3 is that the channel response of Fig. 1 passage calibration process modules calculates handling process.
Fig. 4 is the operation principle schematic diagram of Fig. 1 aeronautical satellite digital receiver antenna calibration passages.
Embodiment
Refering to Fig. 1.Whole navigation array antenna received system can be divided into passage calibration and the antenna of both of which switching
Two parts are calibrated, both of which carries out pattern switching by control instruction.Array antenna is turned by RF switch and multichannel modulus
Parallel operation AD constitutes antenna calibration passage, and antenna calibration passage weights processing module DBF connection aeronautical satellite numbers by array signal
Word receiver, the array signal that processing module DBF is connected is weighted while being connected by passage calibration process module with array signal
Processing Algorithm module, array signal processing algoritic module connection array signal weighting processing module DBF, and it is connected to passage calibration
Between processing module and antenna calibration processing module, antenna calibration processing module is transmitted to passage calibrated section by bus and controlled
Order, weights processing module DBF to array signal and provides antenna calibration wave beam weight, led to aeronautical satellite digital receiver
Letter.According to the present invention in passage calibration phase, RF switch is adjusted to the input of passage calibration signal, multichannel analog-digital converter is defeated
The multi-channel data feeding passage calibration process module gone out enters inconsistent between the processing of row of channels calibration signal, Measurement channel
Property, wherein at least two passage is selected successively, rest channels keep normal operation, update the passage consistency changed over time and ring
Should, the channel response for obtaining using for array process algorithms module is calculated, the calibration of passage is completed；In antenna calibration, by
Satellite-signal is as measurement signal, and RF switch connects array antenna input, the multichannel number that multichannel analog-digital converter AD is exported
According to feeding array signal weighting processing module DBF, antenna calibration processing module provides array signal weighting for specific satellite
The weighted vector of multiple calibration wave beams needed for processing module DBF, the multichannel after weighting processing module DBF synthesis through array signal
Antenna calibration signal sends into aeronautical satellite digital receiver, and navigation is defended by the track loop in aeronautical satellite digital receiver
The amplitude and phase of star signal are measured, and are exported to antenna calibration processing module, the satellite-signal exported with reference to receiver
Array is in the satellite under amplitude, phase and the preset calibration wave beam weight vector of antenna calibration processing, calculating real operating environments
Antenna response on signal incident direction, i.e. antenna are measured the steering vector of different directions incoming signal, realize aerial array
Calibration.
The state control of control passage response and antenna are led respectively for passage calibration process module and antenna calibration processing module
To the state of vector.The measurement data of passage calibration process module output channel response, antenna calibration processing module output is different
The antenna steering vector of signal incident direction.When entering row of channels calibration, passage calibration process module produces passage calibration single-tone letter
Number, through RF Power Splitter will passage calibration signal be with the same phase of width all the way, coupled to each radio-frequency channel input, RF switch is connected
The multi-channel data of output is sent into passage calibration module by analog-digital converter AD and carries out digital phase by calibration signal, RF switch
Operation is closed, selects one of channel data as reference signal, carries out associative operation with rest channels signal, obtain any two
The channel response vector of amplitude and phase response difference between individual passage.
Passage calibration process is formal before use, passage calibration process module can be handled with multi-channel parallel, once in start
Property obtain whole channel response vector, referred to as start calibration.In the equipment operation of navigation array antenna received system, passage
Calibration process module can select at least two passages to carry out successively, be opened while can coordinate each channel radio frequency by control command
The open and close of pass, the passage that row of channels calibration is not entered proceeds array signal weighting processing, keeps navigation array antenna
The continuous operation of reception system digital beam froming processing system, referred to as period regulation.Antenna calibration is in passage calibration parameter
Carried out after having obtained, steering vector of the aerial array to particular satellite signal incident direction is measured, now at antenna calibration
The calibration wave beam weight that reason module generates multiple known linear independences is directed at the satellite, array signal weighting process part wave beam shape
Data signal feeding aeronautical satellite digital receiver after, the navigation satellite signal tracking that aeronautical satellite digital receiver is set
Loop, amplitude and phase to the satellite-signal of multiple wave beams measure simultaneously, are finally combined by antenna calibration processing module
The satellite-signal amplitude and phase measurement data of wave beam weight vector aeronautical satellite digital receiver output are calibrated, passes through minimum
Square law estimates steering vector of the aerial array in the satellite-signal incident direction.
Navigation satellite signal from array antenna, by comprising multichannel RF switch in sequential series, frequency mixer, wave filter and
Analog-digital converter AD and sample circuit composition radio-frequency front-end, respectively enter array signal weighting processing module DBF and passage school
Quasi- processing module, the former flow direction output is captured and tracked to satellite-signal into aeronautical satellite digital receiver, and right
Satellite-signal is decoded, output ephemeris/almanac, pseudorange/carrier phase measurement, is navigated for single-point or Differential positioning.
In order to ensure being smoothed out, it is necessary to channel response and array antenna steering vector are as prerequisite of the process,
Therefore the present invention proposes the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system, respectively by passage calibration process module and day
Line calibration process module is realized.The filtered device of input signal and analog-digital converter the AD sampling of passage calibration process module are led to more
The choosing of RF switch in track data, output channel calibration tone signal and the control instruction to radio-frequency front-end, control radio-frequency front-end
Select, while output channel is responded.Antenna calibration processing module input antenna current pose, aeronautical satellite digital receiver with
The control instruction and antenna calibration beam weight of RF switch in track loop output correlation magnitude, carrier phase, control radio-frequency front-end
Value, the prompting of current channel satellite and most important aerial array steering vector to aeronautical satellite digital receiver.Passage is calibrated
Handle and carried out before antenna calibration processing, passage calibration and the premise that antenna calibration processing is normal work.
Below according to Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, passage is calibrated respectively and the principle and implementation process of antenna calibration are retouched in detail
State.
Refering to Fig. 2.Locate in advance in passage calibration process module and the common prime signals of array signal weighting processing module DBF
Manage in Digital Down Convert DDC circuits, for multiple digital channels of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system, for keep passage it
Between complex baseband signal after down coversion phase coherence, the present embodiment is low using same digital local oscillator module and identical
Bandpass filter carries out Digital Down Convert processing.Digital Down Convert processing is using positioned at Fig. 1 aeronautical satellite array antenna received systems
In signal pre-processing module, signal pre-processing module mainly including analog if signal analog-digital converter AD sampling and numeral
Down coversion DDC.The complex base band signal that Signal Pretreatment handles output using quadrature demodulation Digital Down Convert is calibrated as passage
Two paths of signals phase differs 90 degree in the input of processing module and array signal weighting processing module DBF, Digital Down Convert DDC
Digital local oscillator is connected low pass filter respectively, and digital local oscillator is multiplied with the analog-digital converter AD digital medium-frequency signals inputted respectively
Afterwards, the quadrature demodulation Digital Down Converter Module of composition is filtered by low pass filter.Quadrature demodulation Digital Down Converter Module
The Digital Down Convert DDC for realizing if sampling signal to zero intermediate frequency complex baseband signal by frequency spectrum shift is changed.Digital Down Convert
DDC is the sine or cosine signal that frequency identical with radio frequency or intermediate-freuqncy signal carrier wave is produced by digital controlled oscillator NCO, with radio frequency
Or intermediate-freuqncy signal is multiplied, and is filtered finally by low pass filter, resampling obtains the process of baseband signal.Here, quadrature demodulation
Digital local oscillator module produces a sine and cosine signal equal with intermediate frequency, and sinusoidal and cosine signal is respectively from aeronautical satellite battle array
The radio-frequency front-end of array antenna reception system, the analog if signal modulus AD samplings after signal condition are multiplied, multiplied result point
Not Jin Ru low pass filter filtering, obtain the real and imaginary parts of the complex baseband signal of zero intermediate frequency.
Refering to Fig. 3.In passage calibration process flow, passage calibration process module by quadrature demodulation numeral is lower for becoming
The multichannel complex baseband signal Y obtained after frequency module Digital Down Convert processingi, i=1 ..., N, when channel response is measured
Wait, pass through Y first1、Y2、Yn、YrRoad enters decimation filter D, to control the computation complexity of rear end relevant treatment, by taking out
The complex baseband signal after filter D extraction is taken with choosing wherein all the way as the channel data Y of referencer, it is connected by correspondence
Multiplier be multiplied after input accumulator add up, pass through accumulator and integrator S output channel response vectors h：
Wherein, YrFor reference array element data,*Represent complex conjugate, tsInitial time, t are calibrated for passageeCalibrate and stop for passage
Moment, hiFor the coefficient correlation between i-th of passage and reference channel, each element in channel response vector h is according to wherein
Normalized channel response vector h ' is obtained after the normalization of any one element, is used for array signal processing algoritic module：
H '=[1 h2/h1 … hN/h1]T. (2)
Digital correlator structure between passage calibration process module is used when passage is calibrated passage and passage complex base band data,
It may be selected to be sampled multichannel complex base band data before channel data carries out correlation, integration lengths can also be configured, can
To save hardware resource, and compromised between measurement accuracy and time of measuring.
Refering to Fig. 4.Fig. 4 gives the typical track loop in aeronautical satellite digital receiver, be related to yard loop tracks and
Carrier loop is tracked, wherein, pseudo-code is multiplied with input signal for the code tracking part of pseudo-code stripping.Digital controlled oscillator NCO is literal
On be digital controlled oscillator, numerical frequency when GNSS signal is demodulated produced by NCO is equal to the carrier frequency of satellite-signal, so
Referred to as NCO carrier generators.The digital local oscillator signal that NCO carrier generators are produced is multiplied with input signal for the load of carrier wave stripping
The correct tracking of ripple tracking section, code ring and carrier wave ring provides correct pseudo-code phase and carrier phase.Wherein, array signal adds
Power processing module DBF, aeronautical satellite digital receiver and antenna calibration processing module complete antenna calibration jointly, constitute antenna school
Quasi- processing subsystem.Antenna calibration processing subsystem includes：Array signal weights processing module DBF, electrically connects aeronautical satellite number
The array signal weighting processing module DBF and antenna calibration Processing Algorithm module of word receiver.Wherein, aeronautical satellite digital received
Machine is connected in parallel between array signal weighting processing module DBF and antenna calibration Processing Algorithm module, array signal weighting processing mould
The array complex baseband signal received is inputted aeronautical satellite digital receiver antenna calibration passage by block DBF, passes through track loop
Output correlation signal amplitude and carrier phase, antenna calibration processing module calculate antenna calibration wave beam weight, and feed back to battle array
Column signal weighting processing module DBF.The typical track loop of aeronautical satellite digital receiver includes being connected in parallel on two LPFs
NCO carrier generators in sequential series, NCO carrier loops wave filter, carrier loop discriminator and signal between device closed loop
Amplitude/phase measures output module.Array weight processing weight vector used be by antenna calibration processing module produce it is specific
Antenna calibration wave beam weight, while antenna calibration processing module receive aeronautical satellite digital receiver output satellite-signal width
Degree and phase, and current antenna attitude information, by running antenna calibration algorithm, calculate the day of present satellites incident direction
Line is responded, i.e. array steering vector.After antenna calibration pattern is started, antenna calibration processing module connects for selected satellite
The array complex baseband signal from signal pre-processing module is received, with reference to the selected satellite incident direction under antenna coordinate system, output
The calibration wave beam of one group of independence, high-ranking officers' quasi wave beam weight inserts digital beam froming DBF modules, by the multichannel school after Beam synthesis
Quasi- data send into aeronautical satellite digital receiver, are tracked by multiple track loops, measure the satellite-signal selected, and navigation is defended
Star digital receiver exports the satellite-signal after pseudo-code and carrier wave stripping, the coherent signal amplitude that track loop is exported and carrier wave
Phase sends into antenna calibration Processing Algorithm module, antenna calibration Processing Algorithm module according to comprehensive preset calibration wave beam weight and
The measured value of aeronautical satellite digital receiver, calculates the antenna response of the satellite direction selected, i.e. array steering vector.
In antenna calibration processing subsystem, array complex baseband signal enters array signal and weights processing module DBF, by the numeral after synthesis
Signal sends into aeronautical satellite digital receiver, passes through NCO carrier generators in sequential series, NCO carrier loops wave filter, carrier wave
Loop discriminator, amplitude and phase measurement through signal amplitude/phase measurement output module output satellite signal.
In the design criteria for calibrating wave beam：Antenna calibration Processing Algorithm module is according to darkroom or geometry antenna response, outside
The antenna attitude of input, obtains current satellite signal incident direction (θ, φ) and is numbered with corresponding satellite PRN；In order to calculate satellite
The array steering vector of signal incident direction, set M separate calibrations wave beam and, it is desirable to M >=N, wherein N are bay number
Mesh, amplitude and phase measurement that navigation satellite digital receiver is provided build system of linear equations, calibration wave beam bmWeights to
The design criteria of amount is as follows：
In formula, bmFor m-th of calibration wave beam weight, s.t. represents to calibrate the condition that wave beam needs to meet, pmSweared for element position
Amount, r is the unit vector of navigation satellite signal incident direction under antenna coordinate system, ageo(θ, φ) represents to be structured the formation by array geometry
The steering vector that the wave path-difference of generation is determined, H represents the conjugate transposition of complex vector, | | represent complex vector located mould or plural number
The amplitude of scalar, C ∈ [1, N] represent the gain in satellite-signal direction,Represent not parallel, i.e., it is linear uncorrelated between vector.
When antenna calibration process module has the array steering vector measured value in aerial array darkroom, the geometric array in above formula
Steering vector can be replaced with darkroom measured value.Above-mentioned criterion ensure that M calibration wave beam Line independent, while in sense
It is upper that there is enough gains, therefore the measurement accuracy of antenna steering vector can be improved.
It is a kind of meet above-mentioned design criteria calibration wave beam be：
Wherein, Δ is a scalar for representing argument change size, and v is the random vector that element is 0 or 1, and j is imaginary number list
Position, a (θ, φ) is the aerial array steering vector that geometric array steering vector or darkroom measurement are obtained, calibrations of the b for needed for
Wave beam weight vector.Such as Δ=π/6, v is the random vector that element is 0 or 1.
When antenna calibration process algoritic module calibration wave beam weight fix after, set aeronautical satellite digital receiver base band with
The satellite that track numbering is PRN, and amplitude and phase complex vector that base band signal process measurement is obtained are collected, according to calibration wave beam
Weights mutually measure Vector operation facing arrays steering vector with the width of base band：
In formula,HRepresent conjugate transposition,+Pseudoinverse is represented, matrix B is all calibration beam vector bmThe square constituted as column vector
Battle array, α is a unknown complex scalar, aref(θ, φ) is the corresponding element value of reference array element in steering vector, is oppositely oriented
Vector arel(θ, φ) refers to that reference array element position element value is 1 in array steering vector.
Antenna calibration processing module measured according to reference array element in darkroom obtained amplitude and phase response directional diagram and
Vector is oppositely oriented, absolute antenna array steering vector is calculated：
aabs(θ, φ)=arel(θ,φ)×aref,meas(θ,φ), (6)
Wherein, aref,meas(θ, φ) is the amplitude and phase response directional diagram for the reference array element that darkroom is measured.
Finally the calibration strategy of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system is illustrated.Passage is calibrated independent of antenna school
Standard, can independently be carried out：General to need to carry out when start, referred to as open channel is calibrated；It can also enter at work
OK, referred to as the cycle of operation calibrates.The correlation between all passages can be carried out during start calibration to measure simultaneously, and the cycle
Calibration is since it is desired that the continuity for keeping the Wave beam forming processing of navigation array antenna received system digits to run, can be selected successively
At least two passage therein is carried out, and allows rest channels to continue to keep work.Antenna calibration relies on passage calibration, in fact,
Above the description of antenna calibration assumes that what channel response was carried out after correctly compensating.During antenna calibration, each group of base
Band measurement vector can just calculate one and be oppositely oriented vector, in practice, and the pseudo- code length of gps system is 1ms, it is meant that 1ms
With regard to that can export a vector, antenna calibration actually obtains a series of average value for being oppositely oriented that vector is measurements.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：To be navigated battle array
The calibration of array antenna reception system is divided into passage calibration and two parts of antenna calibration that pattern switching is carried out by control instruction；
In passage calibration phase, RF switch is adjusted to the input of passage calibration signal, the multichannel number of multichannel analog-digital converter output
The inconsistency entered according to feeding passage calibration process module between the processing of row of channels calibration signal, Measurement channel, selection is wherein extremely
Few two passages, rest channels keep normal operation, update the passage consistency response changed over time, and calculating obtains supplying array
The channel response that Processing Algorithm module is used, completes the calibration of passage；In antenna calibration, believe by satellite-signal as measurement
Number, RF switch connects antenna input, and the multi-channel data that multichannel analog-digital converter AD is exported is sent into array signal weighting and handled
Module DBF, antenna calibration processing module provides multiple schools needed for array signal weighting processing module DBF for specific satellite
The weighted vector of quasi wave beam, the multi-path antenna calibration signal feeding navigation after weighting processing module DBF synthesis through array signal is defended
Star digital receiver, is carried out by the track loop in aeronautical satellite digital receiver to the amplitude and phase of navigation satellite signal
Measurement, and export to antenna calibration processing module, satellite-signal amplitude, phase and the antenna calibration processing exported with reference to receiver
Preset calibration wave beam weight vector, calculates antenna of the array in the satellite-signal incident direction under real operating environments and rings
Should, i.e., antenna is measured the steering vector of different directions incoming signal, realizes the calibration of aerial array.
2. the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Array day
Line constitutes antenna calibration passage by RF switch and multichannel analog-digital converter AD, and antenna calibration passage is weighted by array signal
Processing module DBF connection aeronautical satellite digital receivers, while being weighted by the connection of passage calibration process module and array signal
At array signal processing algoritic module connected processing module DBF, the connection array signal weighting of array signal processing algoritic module
Module DBF is managed, and is connected between passage calibration process module and antenna calibration processing module, antenna calibration processing module passes through
Bus transmits control command to passage calibrated section, and weighting processing module DBF to array signal provides antenna calibration wave beam weight,
Communicated with aeronautical satellite digital receiver.
3. the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Passage school
The state of the state control and antenna steering vector of quasi- processing module and the difference control passage response of antenna calibration processing module.
4. the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Passage school
The measurement data of quasi- processing module output channel response, the antenna of antenna calibration processing module output unlike signal incident direction is led
To vector.
5. the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Led to
When road is calibrated, passage calibration process module produces passage calibration tone signal, will passage calibration signal all the way through RF Power Splitter
With the same phase of width, coupled to each radio-frequency channel input, RF switch connects calibration signal, and RF switch passes through analog-digital converter AD
The multi-channel data feeding passage calibration module of output is subjected to digital correlation operations, selects one of channel data to be used as ginseng
Signal is examined, associative operation is carried out with rest channels signal, the logical of amplitude and phase response difference between any two passage is obtained
Road response vector.
6. the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In navigation
In the equipment operation of array antenna received system, passage calibration process module selects at least two passages successively, while passing through control
Each channel radio frequency of commands coordinate processed is switched on and closed, and the passage that row of channels calibration is not entered proceeds array signal weighting
Processing, the period regulation for keeping the Wave beam forming processing of navigation array antenna received system digits continuously to run.
7. the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Antenna school
Accurate to be carried out after passage calibration parameter has been obtained, measurement aerial array is sweared to the guiding of particular satellite signal incident direction
Amount, the calibration wave beam weight of the multiple known linear independences of now antenna calibration processing module generation is directed at the satellite, array signal
The data signal feeding aeronautical satellite digital receiver after process part Wave beam forming is weighted, aeronautical satellite digital receiver is set
Navigation satellite signal track loop, amplitude to the satellite-signal of multiple wave beams and phase carry out measurement simultaneously, finally by day
Line calibration process module combines the satellite-signal amplitude and phase of calibration wave beam weight vector aeronautical satellite digital receiver output
Position measurement data, by Least Square Method aerial array the satellite-signal incident direction steering vector.
8. the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Navigation is defended
Star signal from array antenna, by comprising multichannel RF switch in sequential series, frequency mixer, wave filter and analog-digital converter AD and
The radio-frequency front-end of sample circuit composition, respectively enters array signal weighting processing module DBF and passage calibration process module, the former
Flow direction output enter navigation and receive aeronautical satellite digital receiver satellite-signal is captured and tracked, and to satellite-signal
Decoded, output ephemeris/almanac, pseudorange/carrier phase measurement navigate for single-point or Differential positioning.
9. the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Passage school
The filtered device of input signal and analog-digital converter AD sampling multi-channel data, the output channel calibration tone signal of quasi- processing module
With the control instruction to radio-frequency front-end, the selection of RF switch in radio-frequency front-end is controlled, while output channel is responded.
10. the calibration method of aeronautical satellite array antenna received system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Antenna
The current pose of the input array antenna of calibration process module, aeronautical satellite digital receiver track loop output correlation magnitude,
The control instruction and antenna calibration wave beam weight of RF switch, connect to aeronautical satellite numeral in carrier phase, control radio-frequency front-end
The current channel satellite prompting array antenna steering vector of receipts machine.
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