CN107271560B - Ultrasonic detection method for large-scale composite material - Google Patents
Ultrasonic detection method for large-scale composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107271560B CN107271560B CN201710396477.XA CN201710396477A CN107271560B CN 107271560 B CN107271560 B CN 107271560B CN 201710396477 A CN201710396477 A CN 201710396477A CN 107271560 B CN107271560 B CN 107271560B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
Abstract
The present invention provides large-scale composite material detection method, is to carry out ultrasound examination to large-scale composite material to be measured；Gained echo-signal is subjected to data processing；Unsticking percentage α is calculated, judges the unsticking degree of large-scale composite material to be measured.Compared with prior art, large-scale composite material detection method provided by the invention, it has the advantage that using the bonding defect between method provided by the invention detection composite material, process is simple, interface unsticking percentage α in thickness direction binder under can be directly calculated between composite panel by the crest frequency interval that pulse echo detects signal, to judge the unsticking degree between composite laminated plate to be measured, judging result is intuitively accurate, help is provided to product maintenance, reduces accident rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention provides a kind of detection method, is related to engineering geophysics structure detection technical field, in particular to composite material
Interface adhesive defect degree (unsticking percentage) detection method under bonding region.
Background technique
In material industry field, binding material structure has density small, and intensity and rigidity are high, and stability and reliability is good etc.
Advantage is widely used in ship, metallurgy, machinery, electronization instead of the compound of traditional metal or nonmetallic materials
The application field of the composite materials such as work, aviation bonding.And binding material often occurs stomata during manufacture and use, divides
The different degrees of debonding defects such as layer damage, greatly affected structural strength and rigidity, constitute the most unstable of heavy construction
Determine factor and maximum hidden danger.If can be brought huge without finding the degree of these defects and accurate judgement debonding defect in time
Loss.
Ultrasonic NDT has that test object is wide, detection depth is big, defect is accurately positioned and uses etc. convenient for scene special
Point has become the important means of non-destructive testing and quality control.Non-destructive testing mainly includes ultrasound detection, ray detection, red
Outer thermal imaging detection, acoustic emission detection, shearography detection etc., various non-destructive testing modes are widely used in metal
Material, each advantage for having its own by oneself.Studies have shown that the information that can evaluate material bonding quality is much hidden in some way
In the ultrasound echo signal that defectoscope is detected.The research of domestic ultrasound detection concentrates on determining for composite material bonding quality
Property identification problem on, less for the quantitative judge research of unsticking, bonding defect quantitative judge is that one, ultrasound detection field is new
Research emphasis and an one of urgent problem.
During the experiment, it has been found that existing detector device is viscous between detection large-scale composite material laminate
When connecing region, since the thickness of binder is about in 5~10mm, if interface under binder and laminate adhesive surface, that is, binder
Unsticking is generated, then the back wave detection signal received can become complicated because multiple solutions echo-signal is superimposed, and need to prepare big
The test block of amount sweeps waveform to A and carries out frequency of popping one's head in required for the composite laminated plate and binder analyzed and to different-thickness
Rate is selected, and causes testing staff to need to spend longer time and energy, and exist to the judgement of testing result certain
Subjectivity.Therefore it for the complicated wave form being superimposed on time-domain signal, is only capable of only by analysis echo time and amplitude
To whether there is defect, this is often inadequate, if control could be glued by composite material by measuring unsticking degree or defect size
The heavy construction quality that binding structure is constituted plays deciding factor.
Jiang Zhifeng proposition in article " ultrasound detection frequency-domain analysis and to defect recognition application study " is examined with spectrum analysis
The porosity of carbon determination fibrous composite, but it is scarce without the bonding for being related to being detected with spectrum analysis technique between composite laminated plate
It falls into.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large-scale composite material detection sides
Method, this method can identify the bonding region between composite laminated plate with the presence or absence of starved based on frequency spectrum data processing
Or in the case where unsticking, the accurate detection to the unsticking degree of binder is realized.
It is that ultrasound examination is carried out to large-scale composite material to be measured for the ultrasonic detection method of large-scale composite material；
Gained echo-signal is subjected to data processing；Unsticking percentage α is calculated by formula (1), judges large-scale composite material to be measured
Unsticking degree；
Wherein, α is the percentage that fault location unsticking thickness accounts for binder overall thickness, and c is the biography of ultrasonic wave in a binder
Speed is broadcast, D is binder overall thickness, and Δ f is that the pulse echo of interface and defect interface superposition detects signal maximum on binder
The absolute value of the difference of frequency corresponding to frequency corresponding to amplitude and time amplitude.
Preferably, the above-mentioned ultrasonic detection method for large-scale composite material includes the following steps:
Step a) excitation pulse wave outside large-scale composite material to be measured obtains pulse echo and detects signal；
The resulting pulse echo detection signal of step a) is carried out data processing by step b), calculates its peak by formula (2)
It is worth frequency interval Δ f:
Δ f=β | f1-f2| (2)
Wherein, β is according to the correction factor determined after theoretical value and actual comparison, and it is existing skill that correction factor, which seeks method,
Art, the present invention in do not repeat, f1For the pulse echo of interface and defect interface superposition is examined on gained binder after data processing
Survey frequency corresponding to signal maximum amplitude, f2For the pulse that interface and defect interface are superimposed on gained binder after data processing
Frequency corresponding to echo detection signal time amplitude；
Step c) calculates α by formula (1) using Δ f obtained by step b), judges the unsticking journey of large-scale composite material to be measured
Degree.
It is highly preferred that the frequency f1And f2Can by fourier transform method, Hilbert-Huang transform method, Wavelet Transform,
Method of Laplace transformation, least square method, Monic method or other prior arts acquire.
Further, the data processing of the step b) as a preferred method, are as follows: by pulse echo detection signal interception
Identical signal length carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains the spectrogram of pulse echo detection signal, obtains most from spectrogram
Frequency f corresponding to amplitude1With frequency f corresponding to secondary amplitude2。
Further, the data processing of the step b) as a preferred method, are as follows: examine pulse echo obtained by step a)
It surveys signal and intercepts identical signal length data using least square method iteration calculated rate f1And f2。
Further, the data processing of the step b) as a preferred method, are as follows: examine pulse echo obtained by step a)
It surveys signal and intercepts identical signal length data using Monic method iteration calculated rate f1And f2。
Compared with prior art, large-scale composite material detection method provided by the invention, has the advantage that and uses this hair
Bonding defect between the method detection composite material of bright offer, process is simple, and the peak value frequency of signal can be detected by pulse echo
Interface under binder is directly calculated between composite panel in the unsticking percentage α of thickness direction in rate interval, thus judge to
The unsticking degree between composite laminated plate is surveyed, judging result is intuitively accurate, provides help to product maintenance, reduces accident hair
Raw rate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is composite laminated plate bonded structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that excitation 1 centre frequency of sample is that the pulse echo that 250K, 500K, 1000K, 2000K impulse wave obtain is propagated
Situation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 a is the pulse echo propagation condition schematic diagram that interface excites under 1 binder of sample；
Fig. 3 b is the pulse echo propagation condition schematic diagram that interface excites under 2 binder of sample；
Fig. 4 a is the spectrogram for the pulse echo Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) that interface excites under 1 binder of sample；
Fig. 4 b is the spectrogram for the pulse echo Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) that interface excites under 2 binder of sample.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is made further to illustrate in detail, completely below with reference to embodiment, but is not construed as to limit of the invention
It is fixed.Device therefor is commercial product, unless otherwise specified, is operated to specifications, this will not be repeated here.
Embodiment 1
For detecting glass steel material large-scale pipeline engineering sample, wherein sample 1 is to expire glue, binder (structure glue, under
Thickness D=5mm together), sample 2 are default residue glue, adhesive thickness 4mm, c=1736m/s.Outside to 1 abutting edge of sample
The impulse wave that excitation center frequency is 250K, 500K, 1000K, 2000K modulation is distinguished in side, obtains its pulse echo detection signal,
Determine that the suitable centre frequency of this kind of glass steel material large-scale pipeline engineering sample of detection is 500K according to attenuation.
The impulse wave for being 500K to 2 excitation center frequency of sample obtains pulse echo detection signal data, and region to be measured obtains
To pulse echo detection signal input computer obtain the time domain waveform of sample；Since interface portion lacks under binder, lead
Interface reflection echo and defect interface reflection echo are superimposed thereon for cause, produce interference, therefore can be by compared with high-amplitude wave envelope
Number judge under bonded areas that interface whether there is debonding defect.As shown in Fig. 3 a and 3b, obtained pulse echo is examined
It surveys signal to be compared, the time domain waveform of sample 1 will occur three compared with high-amplitude wave envelope, and sample 2 is there are two compared with high-amplitude wave packet
Winding thread, 2 existing defects of judgement sample.
After gained pulse echo detection signal is filtered off beginning wave, intercepted on binder respectively according to wave envelope with time window
The detection signal that lower interface is superimposed with the echo detection signal of bottom surface and defect interface with interface under binder.
Interception afterpulse echo detection signal data are handled using fourier transform method, then seek binder unsticking percentage α:
Interception afterpulse echo detection signal data are carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) by 1.1, and it is (horizontal to obtain corresponding spectrogram
Axis is frequency f, and the longitudinal axis is amplitude), as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b, there is three stronger peaks, the frequency spectrum of sample 2 in the spectrogram of sample 1
There are two stronger peaks for figure；
1.2 extract frequency f corresponding to maximum amplitude of the pulse echo detection signal in spectrogram1It is examined with pulse echo
Survey frequency f corresponding to secondary amplitude of the signal in spectrogram2, substitute into formula (2) and calculate Δ f, wherein correction factor β is logical
It crosses Computing and acquires optimal value 1.44, testing result is shown in Table 1:
Table 1
| Default degumming percentage | Crest frequency f2 | Crest frequency f1 | Crest frequency interval delta f |
| 20% | 458297.3 | 611063.0 | 137489.13 |
It substitutes into formula (1), acquiring α value is 21.08%, error rate 5.4%, with the basic phase of default unsticking percentage 20%
Together.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment and embodiment 1 the difference is that, afterpulse echo detection signal number will be intercepted by matlab programming
Crest frequency f is acquired according to using Monic method iteration1And f2, since Monic method iterative manner is different, parameter vector ρ is introduced, is calculated
Machine calculating process are as follows:
2.1 calculate f1And f2Corresponding matrixFeature vector conduct corresponding to minimal eigenvalue
Frequecy characteristic vector estimated valuePass through equation againIt is converted to original frequency feature vector
Wherein, ∑ is that (2,2 ..., 1), T are the transposition operation of matrix, the sampled point of N intercept signal to diagonal matrix diag
Number, X matrix are to detect signal with the pulse echo that time window intercepts,X1And X2It is respectively as follows:
2.2 by step 2.1 gained frequecy characteristic vectorBuildingMatrix, Inversion Calculation find out W matrix,Matrix
Are as follows:
2.3 pass through equationIt is special that calculating acquires improved frequency
Levy vector
2.4 repeat step 2.2 and step 2.3 until completing interative computation, obtainThe as stable solution of frequecy characteristic vector
2.5 by the stable solution of the frequecy characteristic vector acquiredI.e.Substitute into formulaMeter
Calculate f1And f2, substitute into formula (2) and seek Δ f, wherein correction factor β acquires optimal value 1.6 by Computing, and testing result is shown in
Table 2:
Table 2
It substitutes into formula (1), acquiring α value is 20.76%, error rate 3.8%, with the basic phase of default unsticking percentage 20%
Together.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment and embodiment 1 the difference is that, will interception afterpulse echo detecting letter by matlab programming programming
Number acquires crest frequency f using least square method iteration1And f2, computer calculating process are as follows:
3.1 calculate f1And f2Corresponding matrixFeature vector conduct corresponding to minimal eigenvalue
Frequecy characteristic vector estimated value
Wherein, ∑ is that (2,2 ..., 1), T are the transposition operation of matrix, the sampled point of N intercept signal to diagonal matrix diag
Number, X matrix are to detect signal, X matrix with the pulse echo that time window intercepts are as follows:
The 3.2 frequecy characteristic vector estimated values as obtained by step 3.1BuildingMatrix, Inversion Calculation find out W and Y square
Battle array:
Wherein,For matrix variance, E is matrix expectation, and L is the signal length of interception, and Q is to be produced by load sinusoidal signal
Raw noise signal matrix, and
3.3 pass through Generalized Least Square constraint condition calculation equationIt is middle minimum special
Value indicative λ acquires corresponding frequecy characteristic vector
3.4 repeat step 3.2 and step 3.3 until completing interative computation, obtain the stable solution of frequecy characteristic vector
3.5 by the stable solution of the frequecy characteristic vector acquiredSubstitute into formulaCalculate f1With
f2, it substitutes into formula (2) and seeks Δ f, wherein correction factor β acquires optimal value 1.6 by Computing, and testing result is shown in Table 3:
Table 3
| Default degumming percentage | Crest frequency f2 | Crest frequency f1 | Crest frequency interval delta f |
| 20% | 365310 | 501030 | 135720 |
The Δ f acquired is substituted into formula (1) by 3.6, and acquiring α value is 20.06%, error rate 0.3%, with default unsticking hundred
Divide more essentially identical than 20%.
It to sum up states, the method provided through the invention can not only acquire unsticking percentage, to obtain unsticking degree, have
Substantive distinguishing features outstanding；Calculated results error rate thus may be used down to 0.3% (error rate is determined by data processing method)
Know, using detection method provided by the invention, can directly judge unsticking degree by the unsticking percentage acquired, it is intuitive accurate,
The debonding defect for overcoming interface under binder between none of these methods detection composite laminated plate in the prior art, has
Significant progress.
Be it is necessary to described herein finally: above embodiments are served only for making technical solution of the present invention further detailed
Ground explanation, should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, those skilled in the art's above content according to the present invention
The some nonessential modifications and adaptations made all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. being used for the ultrasonic detection method of large-scale composite material, it is characterised in that: carry out ultrasound to large-scale composite material to be measured
Wave detection obtains pulse echo and detects signal；Gained pulse echo detection signal is subjected to data processing and obtains pulse echo detection
The spectrogram of signal；Unsticking percentage α is calculated by formula (1), judges the unsticking degree of large-scale composite material to be measured；
Wherein, α is the percentage that fault location unsticking thickness accounts for binder overall thickness, and D is binder overall thickness, and c is that ultrasonic wave exists
Spread speed in binder, Δ f are that the pulse echo of interface and defect interface superposition detects signal maximum amplitude on binder
The absolute value of the difference of frequency corresponding to corresponding frequency and time amplitude, frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude and time big
Frequency corresponding to amplitude is obtained in the spectrogram.
2. the ultrasonic detection method described in claim 1 for large-scale composite material, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
Step a) excitation pulse wave outside large-scale composite material to be measured obtains pulse echo and detects signal；
The resulting pulse echo detection signal of step a) is carried out data processing by step b), calculates its peak value frequency by formula (2)
Rate interval delta f:
Δ f=β | f1-f2| (2)
Wherein, β is according to the correction factor determined after theoretical value and actual comparison, f1For after data processing gained binder on
Frequency corresponding to the pulse echo detection signal maximum amplitude of interface and defect interface superposition, f2It is viscous for gained after data processing
Tie frequency corresponding to the pulse echo detection signal time amplitude of interface and defect interface superposition in agent；
Step c) calculates α by formula (1) using Δ f obtained by step b), judges the unsticking degree of large-scale composite material to be measured.
3. the ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 2 for large-scale composite material, it is characterised in that: the frequency f1With
f2By fourier transform method, Hilbert-Huang transform method, Wavelet Transform, method of Laplace transformation, least square method or
Monic method acquires.
4. the ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 3 for large-scale composite material, which is characterized in that the step b's)
Data processing are as follows: pulse echo detection signal is intercepted into identical signal length and carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains pulse echo
The spectrogram for detecting signal, obtains frequency f corresponding to maximum amplitude from spectrogram1With frequency f corresponding to secondary amplitude2。
5. the ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 3 for large-scale composite material, which is characterized in that the step b's)
Data processing are as follows: pulse echo detection signal is intercepted into identical signal length data and uses least square method iteration calculated rate f1
And f2。
6. the ultrasonic detection method as claimed in claim 3 for large-scale composite material, which is characterized in that the step b's)
Data processing are as follows: pulse echo detection signal is intercepted into identical signal length data and uses Monic method iteration calculated rate f1With
f2。
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| CN109781842A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-21 | 中航通飞华南飞机工业有限公司 | Applied to the biggish carbon fibre laminate composites supersonic detection method of thickness |
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| CN112924556B (en) * | 2021-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 西北工业大学 | Machine learning-based ceramic matrix composite material acoustic emission online damage pattern recognition method |
| CN113466343B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2024-03-19 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Nondestructive testing method for adhesion type debonding defect of adhesion structure |
| CN114002327B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-02-23 | 湘潭大学 | Method for detecting integrity degree of steel strand |
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