CN107247271B - Common-aperture laser range finder - Google Patents

Common-aperture laser range finder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107247271B
CN107247271B CN201710518441.4A CN201710518441A CN107247271B CN 107247271 B CN107247271 B CN 107247271B CN 201710518441 A CN201710518441 A CN 201710518441A CN 107247271 B CN107247271 B CN 107247271B
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optical fiber
port
fiber
integrated
laser
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CN201710518441.4A
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CN107247271A (en
Inventor
陈炯
孙峰
崔索超
李宸阳
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Huazhong Institute Of Optoelectronic Technology (china Shipbuilding Industry Corp 717 Institute)
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Huazhong Institute Of Optoelectronic Technology (china Shipbuilding Industry Corp 717 Institute)
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/4812—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver transmitted and received beams following a coaxial path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a common-aperture laser range finder, which comprises an integrated optical fiber component and a comprehensive control circuit, wherein the integrated optical fiber component is respectively provided with an integrated optical fiber component first port, an integrated optical fiber component second port and an integrated optical fiber component third port; compared with the prior laser range finder, the invention does not adopt a space optical device, does not need complex optical axis parallelism debugging, has the characteristics of good stability, high reliability, compact structure, convenient system integration and the like, and can be widely applied to a photoelectric detection system needing high integration.

Description

Common-aperture laser range finder
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser ranging, and particularly relates to a common-aperture laser ranging machine.
Background
At present, the optical system used by the laser range finder mainly has two types of receiving and transmitting separated windows and common apertures. The laser range finder of receiving and dispatching disconnect-type window needs complicated optical axis parallelism debugging, because adopt space optics in a large number, appears the imbalance easily under adverse circumstances, and optical axis poor stability, it is great simultaneously, be unfavorable for system integration. The common-aperture laser range finder generally adopts a scraper mirror to realize light splitting, is limited by the fact that the blocking ratio of the scraper mirror cannot be too large, so that the effective receiving aperture is smaller, the improvement of the working distance is influenced, and the common-aperture laser range finder also has the defect of poor environmental stability due to the fact that a large number of space optical devices are adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a common-aperture laser range finder which has the advantages of good stability, high reliability, compact structure and convenience for system integration according to the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a total aperture laser rangefinder, includes integrated optical fiber subassembly and integrated control circuit, integrated optical fiber subassembly be provided with integrated optical fiber subassembly first port, integrated optical fiber subassembly second port and integrated optical fiber subassembly third port respectively, integrated optical fiber subassembly first port, integrated optical fiber subassembly second port and integrated optical fiber subassembly third port on be connected with laser instrument, fiber collimator and photoelectric detector respectively, laser instrument and photoelectric detector be connected with integrated control circuit respectively, integrated optical fiber subassembly second port and fiber collimator between be provided with the second tail fiber, integrated optical fiber subassembly include the casing and set up in the casing along the first single core fiber collimator, first lens and the first broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism that the optical axis direction set gradually, the casing in be located first broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism rear and set gradually first pair of two beam splitting/beam combining prism along the optical axis direction Refractive crystal, Faraday rotator, phase place rotating wave plate, second birefringent crystal, second lens and the single core fiber collimator of second, the casing in be located first broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism side and have set gradually second broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism, third lens and the single core fiber collimator of third along the reflected light optical axis direction, first broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism and first birefringent crystal between still be provided with first prism, polarization beam splitting/beam combining prism and second prism along the optical axis direction of polarized light, first single core fiber collimator and the single core fiber collimator of third on be provided with respectively and extend out the first tail fiber and the third tail fiber outside the casing, the second tail fiber setting on the single core fiber collimator of second.
The laser and the photoelectric detector are respectively connected to the first port and the third port of the integrated optical fiber component in an optical fiber adapter or optical fiber fusion mode, and the optical fiber collimator is connected to the second port of the integrated optical fiber component in an FC/APC, SC/APC, LC/APC, SMA905 or optical fiber fusion mode
The laser adopts a fiber coupling type semiconductor laser, a fiber coupling type solid laser or a fiber laser in a 300 ~ 2000nm wave band.
The photoelectric detector adopts an optical fiber coupling type or PIN or APD photodiode with an optical fiber adapter interface.
The aperture of the lens of the optical fiber collimator is 20 ~ 80mm, and the focal length is 30 ~ 150 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior laser range finder, the invention does not adopt a space optical device, does not need complex optical axis parallelism debugging, has the characteristics of good stability, high reliability, compact structure, convenient system integration and the like, and can be widely applied to a photoelectric detection system needing high integration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional fiber optic link;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an integrated fiber optic assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic optical circuit diagram of the integrated fiber optic assembly of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
The figures are numbered: 101-integrated fiber assembly first port, 102-integrated fiber assembly second port, 103-integrated fiber assembly third port, 001-high power fiber circulator first port, 002-high power fiber circulator second port, 003-high power fiber circulator third port, 1-integrated fiber assembly, 2-second pigtail, 3-first fiber adapter, 4-fiber collimator, 5-photodetector, 6-second fiber adapter, 7-second fiber, 8-laser, 9-third fiber adapter, 10-third fiber, 11-second cable, 12-third cable, 13-integrated control circuit, 14-low power 1 x 2 fiber coupler, 15-high power-1 x 2 fiber coupler, 16-high power fiber circulator, 01-first broadband depolarizing beam splitting/combining prism, 02-first birefringent crystal, 03-Faraday rotator, 04-phase rotator, 05-second birefringent crystal, 06-first prism, 07-polarization beam splitting/beam combining prism, 08-second prism, 09-second broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism, 010-shell, 011-first single-core fiber collimator, 012-first tail fiber, 013-first lens, 021-second single-core fiber collimator, 023-second lens, 031-third single-core fiber collimator, 032-third tail fiber, 033-third lens.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the invention discloses a common-aperture laser distance measuring machine, which comprises an integrated optical fiber assembly 1 and a comprehensive control circuit 13, wherein the integrated optical fiber assembly 1 is respectively provided with an integrated optical fiber assembly first port 101, an integrated optical fiber assembly second port 102 and an integrated optical fiber assembly third port 103, the integrated optical fiber assembly first port 101, the integrated optical fiber assembly second port 102 and the integrated optical fiber assembly third port 103 are respectively connected with a laser 8, an optical fiber collimator 4 and a photoelectric detector 5, the laser 8 and the photoelectric detector 5 are respectively connected with the comprehensive control circuit 13, and a second pigtail 2 is arranged between the integrated optical fiber assembly second port 102 and the optical fiber collimator 4.
A third optical fiber 10 and a second optical fiber 7 are respectively arranged between the first port 101 of the integrated optical fiber assembly and the laser 8 and between the third port 103 of the integrated optical fiber assembly and the photoelectric detector 5, and a third cable 12 and a second cable 11 are respectively arranged between the laser 8 and the photoelectric detector 5 and the integrated control circuit 13. A first optical fiber adapter 3 is arranged between the second tail fiber 2 and the optical fiber collimator 4, a second optical fiber adapter 6 is arranged between the photoelectric detector 5 and the second optical fiber 7, and a third optical fiber adapter 9 is arranged between the laser 8 and the third optical fiber 10.
The laser 8 adopts a fiber coupling type semiconductor laser, a fiber coupling type solid laser or a fiber laser in a 300 ~ 2000nm waveband, can realize laser output of a near infrared waveband, a repetition frequency of 1Hz ~ 100MHz, a single pulse energy of 1nJ ~ 10J and a pulse width of 1ps ~ 1 mu s, and a tail fiber of the laser 8 is a single mode fiber or a multimode fiber and is connected to the first port 101 of the integrated fiber assembly in a fiber adapter or fiber fusion mode.
The photoelectric detector 5 adopts PIN or APD photodiode of InGaAs or Si, optical fiber coupling type or interface with optical fiber adapter, and is connected to the third port 103 of the integrated optical fiber component by means of optical fiber welding or optical fiber adapter.
The second tail fiber 2 is packaged by a 300nm ~ 2000nm waveband single-mode passive double-clad optical fiber, a glass tube or a steel tube.
The aperture of the lens of the optical fiber collimator 4 is 20 ~ 80mm, the focal length is 30 ~ 150mm, the optical fiber collimator 4 is connected to the second port 102 of the integrated optical fiber assembly in an FC/APC, SC/APC, LC/APC, SMA905 or optical fiber fusion mode, collimation and divergence angle compression of laser output by the laser 8 can be realized, and space scattered light is focused and coupled into an optical fiber.
The integrated control circuit 13 mainly has the following functions: 1) receiving a distance measuring instruction of an upper computer; 2) enabling control of the laser 8 is achieved; 3) collecting and processing the laser signal detected by the photoelectric detector 5, and performing distance analysis; 4) and sending the analyzed distance data to an upper computer through a serial port.
Referring to fig. 1, a conventional optical fiber link includes a low-power 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 14, a high-power 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 15, a high-power optical fiber circulator 16, and an optical fiber collimator 4, where the low-power 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 14 is connected to a third port 003 of the high-power optical fiber circulator, the high-power 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 15 is connected to a first port 001 of the high-power optical fiber circulator, and the optical fiber collimator 4 is connected to a second port 002 of the high-power optical fiber circulator.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the integrated optical fiber assembly 1 belongs to an independently developed integrated device, and by optimizing an internal optical path design, three devices, namely a high-power 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 15, a high-power optical fiber circulator 16 and a low-power 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 14, are efficiently integrated, and compared with a conventional optical fiber link formed by the high-power 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 15, the high-power optical fiber circulator 16 and the low-power 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 14, the integrated optical fiber assembly has the advantages of simple and compact structure, high environmental stability, small insertion loss, easiness in system integration and the like, meanwhile, the second pigtail 2 adopts a 300nm ~ 2000nm waveband single-mode passive double-clad optical fiber, single-mode laser output by the laser 8 passes through the integrated optical fiber assembly 1, and can be transmitted in a single-mode core of the single-mode passive double-clad optical fiber, and then can be compressed to a small divergence angle output through the optical fiber collimator 4, and the inner cladding of the single-mode passive double-clad optical fiber can transmit multimode laser, and then, after the spatial scattering collimating light is transmitted in the second port 102 of the integrated optical fiber assembly 1, which receives a large.
Referring to fig. 3, the integrated optical fiber assembly 1 includes a housing 010 and a first single-core optical fiber collimator 011, a first lens 013 and a first broadband depolarizing beam splitting/combining prism 01 sequentially disposed in the housing 010 along an optical axis direction, the housing 010 has a first birefringent crystal 02, a faraday rotator 03, a phase rotation wave plate 04, a second birefringent crystal 05, a second lens 023 and a second single-core optical fiber collimator 021 sequentially disposed in the rear of the first broadband depolarizing beam splitting/combining prism 01 along the optical axis direction of the transmitted light, the housing 010 has a second broadband depolarizing beam splitting/combining prism 09, a third lens 033 and a third single-core optical fiber collimator 031 sequentially disposed in the lateral direction of the first broadband depolarizing beam splitting/combining prism 01 along the optical axis direction of the reflected light, and a first broadband depolarizing beam splitting/combining prism 01 and a first birefringent crystal 02 are further disposed in the optical axis direction of the polarized light Prism 06, polarization beam splitting/beam combining prism 07 and second prism 08, first single core fiber collimator 011 and third single core fiber collimator 031 on be provided with respectively and extend the first tail optical fiber 012 and the third tail optical fiber 032 outside the casing 010, second tail optical fiber 2 set up on second single core fiber collimator 021. When the integrated optical fiber module 1 is used as a device, the first pigtail 012, the second pigtail 2, and the third pigtail 032 respectively perform the functions of the first port 101, the second port 102, and the third port 103 of the integrated optical fiber module.
The first broadband depolarization beam splitting/combining prism 01 and the second broadband depolarization beam splitting/combining prism 09 are formed by plating a multilayer interference film on an inclined plane of a right-angle prism, and then gluing the multilayer interference film into a cubic structure, so that two polarization components of incident light have similar beam splitting characteristics, the wavelength range of the two polarization components covers 300nm ~ 2000nm, the splitting ratio is R (1-R), and R is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than 1.
The first prism 06 and the second prism 08 are both right-angle prisms or 45-degree reflectors, and can totally reflect light within a wave band of 300nm ~ 2000nm to realize a light path 90oTurning.
The polarization splitting/combining prism 07 comprises a cubic shell and a right-angle prism arranged in the cubic shell, the right-angle prism is made of optical glass, quartz glass or alkali metal halide crystals, the cubic shell is provided with an opening along the optical axis direction, the polarization splitting/combining prism 07 can divide a beam of light into two beams of linearly polarized light with mutually perpendicular polarization states, or can combine the two beams of linearly polarized light with mutually perpendicular polarization states into a beam of light, and the wavelength range of the polarization splitting/combining prism covers 300nm ~ 2000 nm.
The first birefringent crystal 02 and the second birefringent crystal 05 adopt an iceberg, quartz crystal, ruby or yttrium vanadate crystal, and the first birefringent crystal 02 and the second birefringent crystal 05 enable a light beam to be split into two orthogonal polarized light O light and E light at the interface of air and the crystal, wherein the O light directly passes through the birefringent crystal, and the E light passes through the birefringent crystal at a certain angle.
When the O light and the E light sequentially pass through the faraday rotator 03 and the phase rotation wave plate 04 from the emission direction (from left to right), the faraday rotator 03 and the phase rotation wave plate 04 rotate 45 degrees counterclockwiseo+45o=90oConversion of O light and E light occurs; when the O light and the E light pass through the phase rotation wave plate 04 and the Faraday rotation plate 03 in order from the receiving direction (from right to left), the rotation is 45 counterclockwiseo-45o=0oNo conversion of O light and E light occurs.
First single core fiber collimator 011, second single core fiber collimator 021, third single core fiber collimator 031, first lens 013, second lens 023 and third lens 033 all adopt self-focusing lens or spherical lens, first pigtail 012 adopt the single mode double clad optical fiber or the single mode single clad optical fiber of 300nm ~ 2000nm wave band, third pigtail 032 adopt the single mode double clad optical fiber or the multimode optical fiber of 300nm ~ 2000nm wave band.
The housing 010 is made of aluminum, steel, titanium alloy, or the like, and is mainly used for dust prevention, fixation, and protection of the space optical element.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
when the integrated control circuit 13 receives a ranging instruction of an upper computer, the integrated control circuit 13 sends a light opening instruction to the laser 8 through the third cable 12, pulse laser emitted by the laser 8 enters the integrated optical fiber assembly 1 from the first port 101 of the integrated optical fiber assembly, a small part of the pulse laser is used as a main wave sampling signal and enters the photoelectric detector 5 through the third port 103 of the integrated optical fiber assembly, and most of the laser is output through the second port 102 of the integrated optical fiber assembly, enters the optical fiber collimator 4, is collimated by a light beam and is emitted to a target to be measured at a small laser divergence angle; weak scattered laser signals reflected by a detected target are focused by the optical fiber collimator 4, coupled into the second tail fiber 2 connected with the second port 102 of the integrated optical fiber assembly, output through the third port 103 of the integrated optical fiber assembly, and enter the photoelectric detector 5 as echo signals. The integrated control circuit 13 performs data processing and distance analysis on the acquired main wave signal and echo signal, and sends the analyzed distance data to the upper computer through a serial port.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and some embodiments may be applied, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a common aperture laser rangefinder which characterized in that: including integrated optical fiber assembly (1) and integrated control circuit (13), integrated optical fiber assembly (1) be provided with integrated optical fiber assembly first port (101), integrated optical fiber assembly second port (102) and integrated optical fiber assembly third port (103) respectively, integrated optical fiber assembly first port (101), integrated optical fiber assembly second port (102) and integrated optical fiber assembly third port (103) on be connected with laser (8), fiber collimator (4) and photoelectric detector (5) respectively, laser (8) and photoelectric detector (5) be connected with integrated control circuit (13) respectively, integrated optical fiber assembly second port (102) and fiber collimator (4) between be provided with second tail optical fiber (2), integrated optical fiber assembly (1) include casing (010) and set up first single core fiber collimator (011) that sets gradually along the optical axis direction in casing (010), First lens (013) and first broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism (01), casing (010) in be located first broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism (01) rear and have set gradually first birefringence crystal (02), Faraday rotator (03), phase rotation wave plate (04), second birefringence crystal (05), second lens (023) and second single core fiber collimator (021) along transmission light optical axis direction, casing (010) in be located first broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism (01) side and have set gradually second broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism (09), third lens (033) and third single core fiber collimator (031) along reflection light optical axis direction, first broadband depolarization beam splitting/beam combining prism (01) and first birefringence crystal (02) between still be provided with first prism (06), third lens (06), Polarization beam split/close optical prism (07) and second prism (08), first single core fiber collimator (011) and third single core fiber collimator (031) on be provided with respectively and extend first tail optical fiber (012) and third tail optical fiber (032) outside casing (010), second tail optical fiber (2) set up on second single core fiber collimator (021).
2. A common-aperture laser rangefinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser (8) and the photodetector (5) are connected to the first port (101) and the third port (103) of the integrated fiber assembly respectively by means of fiber optic adapters or fiber optic fusion splices, and the fiber collimator (4) is connected to the second port (102) of the integrated fiber assembly by means of FC/APC, SC/APC, LC/APC, SMA905 or fiber optic fusion splices.
3. A common-aperture laser rangefinder as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said laser (8) is a fiber-coupled semiconductor laser or a fiber-coupled solid-state laser in the wavelength band 300 ~ 2000 nm.
4. A common-aperture laser rangefinder according to claim 3, characterized in that said photodetector (5) is a fiber-coupled or PIN or APD photodiode with fiber adapter interface.
5. A common-aperture laser rangefinder according to claim 4, characterized in that the fiber collimator (4) has a lens aperture of 20 ~ 80mm and a focal length of 30 ~ 150 mm.
CN201710518441.4A 2017-06-29 2017-06-29 Common-aperture laser range finder Active CN107247271B (en)

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CN109298425B (en) * 2018-11-13 2023-12-05 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团有限公司第七一七研究所） Multifunctional laser sensing system
US11079546B2 (en) * 2019-04-22 2021-08-03 Blackmore Sensors & Analytics, LLC. Providing spatial displacement of transmit and receive modes in LIDAR system
CN111123987B (en) * 2019-12-27 2021-05-18 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 System and method for adjusting parallelism of optical axis of common-aperture dual-band imaging system

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US4025194A (en) * 1976-03-22 1977-05-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Common aperture laser transmitter/receiver
CN101852613B (en) * 2010-04-20 2012-06-20 北京航空航天大学 Light transceiving integrated device applied to fiber sensing
CN202794598U (en) * 2012-09-29 2013-03-13 福州高意通讯有限公司 Optical isolator and optical circulator
CN105891844B (en) * 2016-04-24 2018-02-23 西南技术物理研究所 Dual-mode laser impulse ejection controls and echo signal processing system

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