CN107242850B - Three-dimensional collaborative scanning optical coherence tomography handheld probe - Google Patents
Three-dimensional collaborative scanning optical coherence tomography handheld probe Download PDFInfo
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- CN107242850B CN107242850B CN201710322774.XA CN201710322774A CN107242850B CN 107242850 B CN107242850 B CN 107242850B CN 201710322774 A CN201710322774 A CN 201710322774A CN 107242850 B CN107242850 B CN 107242850B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
- A61B5/0066—Optical coherence imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0073—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by tomography, i.e. reconstruction of 3D images from 2D projections
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4887—Locating particular structures in or on the body
- A61B5/489—Blood vessels
Abstract
The invention provides a three-way cooperative scanning optical coherence tomography handheld probe which comprises a handheld probe barrel, an anti-shake objective table and an optical processing module, wherein the optical processing module is arranged in the handheld probe barrel, and the front end of the handheld probe barrel is clamped with the anti-shake objective table to realize anti-shake. The invention is miniaturized and portable, the optical processing module can realize the cooperative scanning in three directions, not only inherits the function of the single-direction scanning of the traditional handheld probe, but also overcomes the problem of insufficient imaging depth caused by the scattering and absorption in the blood vessel during the one-way scanning, the scanning in three field directions makes up the defect of limited one-way scanning information, and has the anti-shake function, thereby greatly improving the imaging definition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical imaging equipment, in particular to a handheld probe for three-way cooperative scanning optical coherence tomography.
Background
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a high resolution, high speed imaging technique, can provide three-dimensional imaging for biological tissues that other imaging techniques cannot achieve. In biomedical research and clinical applications, the technique has been successfully used in clinical surgical navigation and outcome diagnosis in vascular surgery, such as OCT techniques used for intra-operative evaluation of vascular suture surgery, surgical navigation in endovascular plaque removal surgery. OCT techniques will play an increasingly significant role in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of future vascular diseases.
The small and portable requirements of OCT sample arms are provided no matter the state of blood vessels (normal and pathological) is monitored in the operation process or the recovery state of blood vessels is monitored after operation, the traditional sample arm scanning system generally causes inconvenience in operation in the actual medical process due to the large volume, and the use of a handheld probe can greatly enhance the flexibility of the system so that the system can detect places which cannot be detected by the traditional OCT sample arm. Early scanning probes were mostly designed based on micro-motor technology, electromagnetic effect, piezoelectric effect, etc., wherein the scanning probes based on micro-motor technology are mainly used for lateral scanning of tubular structure tissues; scanning probes based on electromagnetic effects are difficult to achieve sufficiently small dimensions; the combination of the scanning probe based on the piezoelectric effect, the optical fiber technology and the endoscope can be made into a miniaturized optical fiber scanning probe with small volume and large scanning range, but the scanning probe cannot be used for extra-vascular detection.
In addition, blood in the blood vessel has strong scattering and absorption phenomena on the optical signal, so that the depth of unidirectional OCT imaging cannot cover the whole blood vessel. This problem becomes more pronounced as the diameter of blood vessels becomes larger, such as blood vessels having a diameter greater than 1 mm. However, the three-dimensional reconstruction of the vessel wall is the key to surgical navigation and assessment. There is therefore a need for an imaging modality that can circumvent the effects of blood scattering and absorption.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a three-dimensional cooperative scanning optical coherence tomography handheld probe, which is small and portable, not only inherits the function of single-direction scanning of the traditional handheld probe, but also overcomes the problem of insufficient imaging depth caused by scattering and absorption inside blood vessels during one-way scanning, and the scanning in three field directions makes up the defect of limited one-way scanning information, and has an anti-shake function, so that the imaging definition is greatly improved.
A three-way cooperative scanning optical coherence tomography handheld probe comprises a handheld probe barrel, an anti-shake objective table and an optical processing module, wherein the optical processing module is arranged in the handheld probe barrel, and the front end of the handheld probe barrel is clamped with the anti-shake objective table to realize anti-shake;
the optical processing module comprises an MEMS vibrating mirror, a coated reflecting mirror, a trapezoidal glass slide, a double-cemented achromatic objective lens group, a circular glass slide, a reflecting mirror a and a reflecting mirror b;
the plane of the MEMS galvanometer in a zero bias state is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the incident beam, the incident beam irradiates the MEMS galvanometer loaded with a bias voltage signal to realize continuous deflection within a range of 90 +/-6.4 degrees and is reflected to the lower coating reflecting mirror, the plane of the coating reflecting mirror is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, the incident beam is secondarily reflected by the coating reflecting mirror and then passes through a trapezoidal glass slide along the central optical axis direction to generate three light beams, the three light beams enter a pair of double-cemented achromatic objective lens groups to be emitted in parallel, the mirror image position of the central point of the MEMS galvanometer is superposed with the focus at the incident side of the double-cemented achromatic objective lens group, the three light beams then enter a circular glass slide with a square through hole in the middle, the middle light beam directly passes through the square through hole of the circular glass slide along the optical axis direction to be transmitted to the back focal plane of the double-cemented achromatic lens group, and the plane where, The central symmetry plane of the circular-ring-shaped glass slide is coplanar, the imaging focal plane formed by the light beams on the two sides after passing through the circular-ring-shaped glass slide moves backwards to form a step-type dislocation with the focal plane of the light beam on the middle path, the scanning light beams on the two sides are respectively deflected by 90 degrees towards the central axis direction after being reflected by the reflector a and the reflector b, the cooperative scanning in the three directions is realized, the reflector a and the incident light beam are placed at an angle of 45 degrees, and the plane where the reflector b is located is mutually vertical to the plane where the reflector a is located.
Furthermore, the handheld probe barrel comprises a tail end control assembly, a middle handheld barrel, a front end probe barrel and an adjustable locking ring;
the tail end control assembly is provided with an optical fiber interface and a switching cable interface, the tail end control assembly is provided with an MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) galvanometer and a coating reflecting mirror, the MEMS galvanometer and an incident beam in a zero bias state form an angle of 45 degrees and are parallel to each other with the coating reflecting mirror, the deflection of the MEMS galvanometer is controlled through an optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber interface and a bias voltage signal transmitted by the switching cable interface, and a continuous linear scanning light beam is generated and enters the middle handheld barrel;
the inner wall of the middle handheld cylinder is symmetrically provided with radial sliding chutes, and the inside of the middle handheld cylinder is provided with a limiting pressing ring, a trapezoidal slide, a circular slide, a slide clamp and a pair of double-cemented achromatism lenses;
the glass sheet clamp is annular, the inner hole diameter is of a wedge-shaped structure, and the outer surface of the glass sheet clamp is provided with a convex edge matched with the middle handheld barrel sliding groove;
the outer surface of the circular slide is provided with a convex edge matched with the sliding groove of the middle handheld barrel, and the inner aperture of the circular slide is square;
the glass slide fixture is installed on the inner wall of the middle handheld barrel through a middle handheld barrel sliding groove, the trapezoid-shaped glass slide is fixed in the glass slide fixture and matched with the circular-ring-shaped glass slide through a pair of double-cemented achromatism lenses, the circular-ring-shaped glass slide is installed on the inner wall of the handheld probe barrel through the middle handheld barrel sliding groove, the middle handheld barrel sliding groove is used for circumferentially limiting the glass slide fixture and the circular-ring-shaped glass slide, the central symmetrical plane of the trapezoid-shaped glass slide and the central symmetrical plane of the circular-ring-shaped glass slide are on the same plane, the limiting pressing ring is fixed on the inner wall of the middle handheld barrel and respectively installed on the outer sides of the glass slide fixture and the circular-;
the front end of the front end probe cylinder is conical, the front end is symmetrically provided with two grooves penetrating through the end part, the open ends of the two grooves are positioned on the end surface of the end of the front end probe cylinder, and the upper surface of the rear end of the front end probe cylinder is provided with a groove matched with the front end of the middle handheld cylinder; a reflector a and a reflector b are arranged in the front end of the front end probe barrel, the reflector a and the incident light beam are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, and the plane of the reflector b is perpendicular to the plane of the reflector a;
the middle handheld barrel is fixedly connected with the tail end control assembly, the middle handheld barrel is inserted into a groove in the upper surface of the rear end of the front end probe barrel, axial telescopic adjustment is achieved through the adjustable locking ring and the front end probe barrel, and the front end probe barrel is clamped with the anti-shake objective table.
Furthermore, a concave boss matched with the groove of the front-end probe barrel is processed on the anti-shake object stage, the width of the groove is consistent with that of the concave boss, object carrying grooves are processed on the two upper surfaces of the concave boss, and the length direction of the concave boss of the anti-shake object stage is consistent with the central connecting line direction of the two grooves of the front-end probe barrel.
Furthermore, the included angle between the plane of the upper surface of the concave boss and the horizontal plane is 3 degrees.
Further, the end control assembly further comprises a fine adjustment mechanism, and the fine adjustment mechanism comprises: the device comprises a spring bolt, a powerful tension spring, a fine adjustment screw, a coarse adjustment screw, a fastening pressing ring, a universal shaft connecting rod, a universal shaft pressing ring, a fine adjustment plate and a working window shell;
the plane where the fine tuning plate is located and the horizontal plane form 45 degrees, the MEMS galvanometer is fixed on one side of the fine tuning plate through four fastening pressing rings, three strong tension springs are fixed at corresponding holes on the other side of the fine tuning plate, a universal shaft connecting rod is limited in a groove on the other side of the fine tuning plate through the universal shaft pressing ring, the universal shaft pressing ring is in threaded connection with the fine tuning plate, a coarse tuning screw is in threaded connection with a universal shaft connecting rod along the axial direction of the universal shaft, and the working window shell is fixed with the fine tuning plate through four fine tuning screws.
Furthermore, the reflector a and the reflector b are fixed in a cutting groove arranged at the front end of the front end probe cylinder through a clamp.
Further, the reflector a and the reflector b are fixed in the fixture through a pressing ring.
Further, the optical fiber interface is in threaded connection with a single-mode optical fiber jumper.
Furthermore, four grooves penetrating through the end parts are uniformly formed in the front end of the middle handheld barrel to divide the front end into four parts, and the open ends of the grooves are located on the end face of the end of the middle handheld barrel; four grooves which are processed on the upper surface of the rear end of the front end probe cylinder and are matched with the front end of the middle handheld cylinder correspond to the four divided parts of the structure of the front end of the middle handheld cylinder one by one.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention is small and portable, has good universality for blood vessels within 4.5mm, and can realize the cooperative scanning of the blood vessels in three directions by the optical module in the handheld probe, so that the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel can be observed not only from the traditional axial angle but also from the side direction with two sides perpendicular to the optical axis just because of the lateral scanning, thereby overcoming the defect of unclear imaging caused by insufficient scanning depth in the traditional scanning mode, greatly improving the cross-sectional structure of the blood vessel by the real-time scanning in three directions, greatly improving the definition of imaging, being matched with an anti-shake objective table, and overcoming the problem of shaking during the operation of medical staff.
2. The adjustable locking ring provided by the invention ensures the accuracy of scanning area positioning by adjusting the matching between the middle handheld cylinder and the front end probe cylinder.
3. The inclination angle of the anti-shake objective table can be used for measuring the flow velocity in a blood vessel in real time, and the included angle between the plane of the upper surface of the concave boss and the horizontal plane is 3 degrees, so that the measurement accuracy is ensured during the Doppler blood velocity measurement.
4. The arrangement of the fine adjustment mechanism ensures the precision of positioning the optical axis of the internal optical module when the handheld probe barrel is assembled.
5. The reflector a and the reflector b are fixed in the cutting groove arranged at the front end of the front end probe barrel through the clamp, so that the installation and position adjustment are convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the optical path structure of the present invention;
FIGS. 4a and 4b are block diagrams of the hand held probe tip control assembly of the present invention;
FIGS. 5a and 5b are schematic structural views of the fine adjustment mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the intermediate hand-held cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a front end probe cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-shake stage according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a hand held probe head cartridge of the present invention in use with an anti-shake stage.
Wherein, 1-FC/APC single mode optical fiber jumper, 2-switching cable, 3-terminal control component, 4-working window case, 5-middle hand-held cylinder, 6-adjustable locking ring, 7-front probe cylinder, 8-anti-shake stage, 9-optical fiber collimator, 10-fine adjustment mechanism, 11-threaded through hole, 12-trapezoidal glass clamp, 13-limit pressure ring, 14-MEMS vibrating mirror, 15-trapezoidal glass slide, 16-double-glued achromatic objective lens group, 17-coated mirror, 18-circular glass slide, 19-reflector a, 20-reflector b, 21-fine adjustment screw, 22-spring bolt, 23-strong tension spring, 24-coarse adjustment screw, 25-fastening pressure ring, 26-universal shaft connecting rod, 27-cardan shaft pressing ring, 28-fine adjustment plate, 29-middle tube, 30-groove a, 31-square pressing ring, 32-blood vessel, 33-threaded hole and 34-groove b.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a three-way cooperative scanning optical coherence tomography handheld probe, which is designed based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS for short), as shown in fig. 1, the handheld probe comprises a handheld probe cylinder, an anti-shake object stage 8 and an optical processing module, wherein the optical processing module is arranged in the handheld probe cylinder, and the front end of the handheld probe cylinder is clamped with the anti-shake object stage 8 to realize anti-shake.
The optical processing module can realize the cooperative scanning of the blood vessel 32 in three directions, as shown in fig. 3, the optical processing module comprises an MEMS galvanometer 14, a coated mirror 17, a trapezoidal slide 15, a double cemented achromatic objective lens group 16, a circular slide 18, a mirror a19 and a mirror b 20; the diameter of the MEMS galvanometer 14 is 2.4 mm; the coating reflecting mirror 17 is circular and has a diameter of 10 mm; the material of the trapezoidal slide 15 is N-SF6 HT; the wavelength range of the double-cemented achromatic lens group 16 is 1260-1360 nm, and the medium material is N-BAF10/N-SF6 HT; the material of the circular ring-shaped slide 18 is N-SF6HT, and the size of the square through hole is 8 x 8 mm; mirror a19 and mirror b20 are 5 x 5mm in size.
The plane of the MEMS galvanometer 14 in a zero bias state is arranged at 45 degrees with the incident beam, the incident beam irradiates the MEMS galvanometer 14 loaded with bias voltage signals to realize deflection within the range of 90 degrees +/-6.4 degrees, the scanning beam is reflected to the lower coating reflecting mirror 17, the plane of the coating reflecting mirror 17 is arranged at 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, the incident beam is secondarily reflected by the coating reflecting mirror 17 and then passes through a trapezoidal table-shaped glass slide 15 along the optical axis direction to generate three beams, the three beams enter a pair of double-cemented achromatic objective lens groups 16 to be emitted in parallel, the mirror image position of the central point of the MEMS galvanometer 14 is superposed with the focus of the incident side of the double-cemented achromatic objective lens group 16, the three beams then enter a circular glass slide 18 with a square through hole in the middle, the middle path beam directly passes through the square through hole of the circular glass slide 18 and is transmitted to the back focal plane of the double-cemented achromatic lens group, the surface of the scanning direction of the middle path light beam is coplanar with the central symmetrical plane of the trapezoidal slide 15 and the central symmetrical plane of the circular slide 18, the imaging focal plane formed by the light beams at the two sides after passing through the circular slide 18 moves backwards to form step-like dislocation with the focal plane of the middle path light beam, and the axial dislocation distance is 3 mm. The scanning beams at two sides are respectively reflected by the reflecting mirror a19 and the reflecting mirror b20 and then deflected to the central axis direction by 90 degrees, so that cooperative scanning in three directions is realized, the reflecting mirror a19 and the incident beams are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, and the plane of the reflecting mirror b20 is perpendicular to the plane of the reflecting mirror a 19.
As shown in fig. 1, the handheld probe barrel comprises a terminal control assembly 3, a middle handheld barrel 5, a front end probe barrel 7 and an adjustable locking ring 6;
the tail end control assembly 3 is provided with an optical fiber interface and a switching cable interface, the tail end control assembly 3 is provided with an MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) galvanometer 14 and a coating reflecting mirror, the MEMS galvanometer and an incident beam in a zero bias state form an angle of 45 degrees and are parallel to each other with the coating reflecting mirror 17, the MEMS galvanometer 14 is packaged on a tin-PCB (printed circuit board) with the thickness of 11.4 x 11.4mm, and the maximum scanning angle is +/-5.2 degrees. The FC/APC single-mode optical fiber jumper 1 is in threaded connection with an optical fiber interface at the tail part of the tail end control assembly 3, and a light beam with the central wavelength of 1310nm entering the handheld probe is collimated through the optical fiber collimator 9. The 10pin switching cable 2 is connected with a signal driving board of an external BDQ-PicoAmp through a switching cable interface, and the MEMS galvanometer 14 can linearly deflect within a range of +/-3.2 degrees by inputting a bias voltage signal controlled by a sine period, so that the real-time control of the MEMS galvanometer on a beam scanning track is realized, and a continuous linear scanning beam is generated and enters the middle handheld barrel 5.
The inner wall of the middle handheld cylinder 5 is symmetrically provided with radial sliding grooves, the width of each sliding groove is 1.2mm, the depth of the inner wall of each sliding groove is 16mm, and a limiting pressing ring 13, a trapezoidal slide 15, a circular slide 18, a trapezoidal slide clamp 12 and a pair of double-cemented achromatism lenses 16 are arranged inside the middle handheld cylinder 5;
the trapezoidal slide clamp 12 is annular, the inner aperture is of a wedge-shaped structure, and the outer surface is provided with a convex edge matched with the chute of the middle handheld barrel 5; the outer surface of the circular slide 18 is provided with a convex edge matched with the sliding groove of the middle handheld barrel 5, and the inner aperture is square;
as shown in fig. 2, the trapezoidal slide clamp 12 is mounted on the inner wall of the middle handheld barrel 5 through the middle handheld barrel 5 sliding groove, the trapezoidal slide 15 is fixed in the trapezoidal slide clamp 12, the trapezoidal slide 15 is matched with the circular slide 18 through the pair of double-cemented achromatism lenses 16, the circular slide 18 is mounted on the inner wall of the handheld probe barrel 5 through the middle handheld barrel 5 sliding groove, the middle handheld barrel 5 sliding groove is used for circumferentially limiting the trapezoidal slide clamp 12 and the circular slide 18, the central symmetrical plane of the trapezoidal slide 15 and the central symmetrical plane of the circular slide 18 are on the same plane, the limiting pressing ring is fixed on the inner wall of the middle handheld barrel 5 and respectively mounted on the outer sides of the trapezoidal slide clamp 12 and the circular slide 18, and the limiting pressing ring is used for axially limiting the trapezoidal slide clamp 12 and the circular slide 18; the trapezoidal glass slide 15 is attached to and contacted with the surface of the double-cemented achromatism lens group 16, and the circular glass slide 18 is also attached to the surface of the double-cemented achromatism lens group 16, so that on one hand, the attaching contact ensures the axial fastening and the structural compactness, and on the other hand, the anti-interference performance of the optical processing module is enhanced even if external disturbance occurs in the assembling and operating processes.
As shown in fig. 7, the front end of the front probe cylinder 7 is tapered, the front end is symmetrically provided with two grooves b34 penetrating through the end part, the open ends of the two grooves b34 are located on the end surface of the front probe cylinder 7, and the upper surface of the rear end of the front probe cylinder 7 is provided with a groove a30 matched with the front end of the middle handheld cylinder 5; the front end of the front end probe cylinder 7 is internally provided with a reflector a19 and a reflector b20, the front end is provided with a 5mm wide slot with the depth of 16mm, the intersection area of the reflected light beams of the reflector a19 and the reflector b20 at two sides, namely the scanning area of the handheld probe, falls in the middle position of the slot, the reflector a19 and the reflector b20 are fixed in the slot arranged at the front end of the front end probe cylinder 7 through a clamp, and the square pressing ring 31 is attached above the reflector a19 and the reflector b20 in a pressing and attaching mode. Mirror a19 is placed at 45 to the incident beam, and mirror b20 is in a plane that is perpendicular to the plane of mirror a 19.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, four grooves penetrating through the end part are uniformly formed at the front end of the middle handheld cylinder 5 to divide the front end into four parts, and the open end of each groove is located on the end face of the end of the middle handheld cylinder 5; four grooves a30 which are processed on the upper surface of the rear end of the front end probe cylinder 7 and matched with the front end of the middle handheld cylinder 5 correspond to the four divided parts of the front end of the middle handheld cylinder 5 one by one, so that the rotation of the middle handheld cylinder 5 can be limited, and the scanning precision is improved. During operation, the middle handheld barrel 5 is inserted into the groove a30 of the front probe barrel 7, because the lens has inherent machining error and unavoidable element positioning error, the scanning area formed by the optical processing module cannot ensure absolute positioning accuracy, therefore, the relative distance between the middle handheld barrel 5 and the front probe barrel 7 can be properly adjusted by sliding the middle handheld barrel 5 up and down, when the plane where the scanning track is located is adjusted to fall on a required position, the locking function can be realized when the end surface of the middle handheld barrel 6 and the end surface of the groove a30 of the front probe barrel 7 are mutually abutted by rotating the adjustable locking ring 6, and the positioning accuracy of the scanning area is ensured.
As shown in fig. 8, the anti-shake stage 8 is a cylindrical spacer structure with a diameter of 32mm and a height of 10mm, a concave boss matched with the groove b34 of the front probe cylinder 7 is processed on the anti-shake stage 8, and an included angle between a plane of an upper surface of the concave boss and a horizontal plane is 3 °. The width of the groove b34 is consistent with the width of the concave boss, object carrying grooves are processed on the two upper surfaces of the concave boss, the section of each object carrying groove is a gradually and slowly transitional U-shaped arc wire groove to adapt to the blood vessel 32 within the caliber range of 4.5mm, and the length direction of the concave boss of the anti-shake object carrying table 8 is consistent with the central connecting line direction of the two grooves b34 of the front probe barrel 7.
The left side and the right side of the end control component 3 are respectively provided with 9 threaded holes 33 with the diameter of 1mm so as to realize the connection and the fastening with the working window shell 4. The tail end control component 3 and the middle handheld barrel 5 are riveted at two sides through a threaded through hole 11 with the diameter of 2 mm. The middle handheld cylinder 5 is inserted into a groove a30 on the upper surface of the rear end of the front end probe cylinder 7, and meanwhile, the axial telescopic adjustment is realized through the adjustable locking ring 6 and the front end probe cylinder 7, after the front end probe cylinder 7 is adjusted to a proper position, the blood vessel 32 is placed in a loading groove of a boss of the anti-shaking loading platform 8, and the middle handheld cylinder 5 and the boss side wall of the anti-shaking loading platform 8 are clamped mutually through handheld, so that the accurate positioning of the scanning position of the blood vessel 32 is realized.
The diameter of the maximum size of the handheld probe cylinder is 25.4mm, the length of the handheld probe cylinder is 181mm, the maximum height of the handheld probe cylinder is 66mm, the scanning range reaches 3 x 3mm, the actual transverse direction of the middle scanning light beam is 4.5mm, namely the scanning range perpendicular to the optical axis direction, the longitudinal directions of the two sides are 3mm parallel to the optical axis direction, the transverse scanning ranges of the middle light beam with the redundancy of 1.5mm at the two ends are used for scanning blood vessels with the diameters of 3mm to 4.5mm, therefore, the requirement for high precision of the blood vessels within the caliber of 4.5mm can be met, just because of the implementation of lateral scanning, the blood vessel section structure can be observed from the traditional axial angle, meanwhile, the blood vessel section structure can also be observed from the lateral directions perpendicular to the optical axis at the two sides, the defect that imaging is not clear due to insufficient scanning depth in the traditional scanning mode is overcome, and meanwhile, the real-time scanning in the three directions greatly improves the blood vessel section structure and the blood flowing water The efficiency of (c).
Further, in order to ensure the precision of positioning the optical axis of the internal optical module when the handheld probe barrel is assembled, a fine adjustment mechanism is designed in the end control assembly 3, as shown in fig. 4a and 4b, the fine adjustment mechanism includes: the MEMS vibration mirror comprises a spring bolt 22, a strong tension spring 23, a fine adjustment screw 21, a coarse adjustment screw 24, a fastening pressing ring 25, an MEMS vibration mirror 14, a cardan shaft connecting rod 26, a cardan shaft pressing ring 27, a fine adjustment plate 28 and a working window shell 4;
as shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the plane of the fine adjustment plate 28 is 45 ° from the horizontal plane, the MEMS galvanometer 14 is fixed at one side of the fine adjustment plate 28 by four fastening press rings 25, three strong tension springs 23 are fixed at corresponding holes at the other side of the fine adjustment plate 28, the gimbal connecting rod 26 is limited in a groove at the other side of the fine adjustment plate 28 by the gimbal press ring 27, the gimbal press ring 27 is in threaded connection with the fine adjustment plate 28, the coarse adjustment screw 24 is in threaded connection with the gimbal connecting rod 26 along the axis direction of the gimbal, the working window housing 4 is fixed with the fine adjustment plate 28 by four fine adjustment screws 21, and the fine adjustment plate 28 can be adjusted by adjusting the fine adjustment screws 21 to a plane inclination within 10 °.
The assembly of the fine adjustment mechanism is carried out according to the following sequence: (1) fixing the MEMS galvanometer 14 on one side of a fine adjustment plate 28 by using 4 fastening press rings 25; (2) 3 strong tension springs 23 are arranged at the corresponding holes of the fine adjustment plate 28, and then the spring bolts 22 are inserted from one side of the hole wall; (3) a universal shaft connecting rod 26 is placed in a groove at the back of the fine adjustment plate 28, and a universal shaft pressing ring 27 is screwed in through threaded connection, so that the spherical end of the universal shaft connecting rod 26 is restricted in the inner area of the universal shaft pressing ring 27, and torsion within a range of +/-10 degrees can be realized; (4) aligning the 3 tension springs and the universal shaft connecting rod to corresponding through holes of the working window shell 4, and then inserting the corresponding spring bolts 22 into the other ends of the 3 tension springs; (5) the coarse adjustment screw 24 is screwed in the direction of the axis of the cardan shaft, so that coarse adjustment within a range of +/-3 mm along the axis perpendicular to the center of the MEMS galvanometer 14 can be realized; (6) 4 fine adjustment screws 21 are screwed above the working window shell 4, and on the premise of ensuring the coarse adjustment position, the inclination of the plane where the MEMS galvanometer 14 is located can be adjusted by rotating the four screws, so that the optical axis positioning progress during the assembly of the handheld probe is ensured.
As shown in fig. 9, the OCT handheld probe according to the embodiment of the present invention is schematically used in conjunction with an anti-shake stage 8. An operator holds the handheld probe barrel, after the probe structure is adjusted, the front end of the handheld probe barrel is attached to and cut into the side wall of the boss of the anti-shaking objective table 8, when the front end probe barrel 7 and the anti-shaking objective table 8 are mutually supported, the blood vessel 32 is located in an effective area of scanning, and at the moment, the scanning direction of the MEMS galvanometer 14 is regulated and controlled in real time, so that three-dimensional scanning of the internal structure of the blood vessel 32 in the operation and real-time measurement of the flow rate can be realized. The three-direction cooperative scanning OCT handheld probe inherits the function of single-direction scanning of the traditional handheld probe, overcomes the problem of insufficient imaging depth caused by inherent scattering and absorption characteristics of tissues in blood vessels during one-way scanning, overcomes the defect of limited information of one-way scanning by scanning in three field directions, enables medical personnel to have confidence in obtaining the blood vessel tissue information of a patient, and overcomes the problem of shaking during operation of the medical personnel by matching with the anti-shaking object stage 8.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A three-way cooperative scanning optical coherence tomography handheld probe is characterized in that the handheld probe comprises a handheld probe barrel, an anti-shake objective table and an optical processing module, wherein the optical processing module is arranged in the handheld probe barrel, and the front end of the handheld probe barrel is clamped with the anti-shake objective table to realize anti-shake;
the optical processing module comprises an MEMS vibrating mirror, a coated reflecting mirror, a trapezoidal glass slide, a double-cemented achromatic objective lens group, a circular glass slide, a reflecting mirror a and a reflecting mirror b;
the plane of the MEMS galvanometer in a zero bias state is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the incident beam, the incident beam irradiates the MEMS galvanometer loaded with a bias voltage signal to realize continuous deflection within a range of 90 +/-6.4 degrees and is reflected to the lower coating reflecting mirror, the plane of the coating reflecting mirror is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, the incident beam is secondarily reflected by the coating reflecting mirror and then passes through a trapezoidal glass slide along the central optical axis direction to generate three light beams, the three light beams enter a pair of double-cemented achromatic objective lens groups to be emitted in parallel, the mirror image position of the central point of the MEMS galvanometer is superposed with the focus at the incident side of the double-cemented achromatic objective lens group, the three light beams then enter a circular glass slide with a square through hole in the middle, the middle light beam directly passes through the square through hole of the circular glass slide along the optical axis direction to be transmitted to the back focal plane of the double-cemented achromatic lens group, and the plane where, The central symmetry plane of the circular-ring-shaped glass slide is coplanar, the imaging focal plane formed by the light beams on the two sides after passing through the circular-ring-shaped glass slide moves backwards to form a step-type dislocation with the focal plane of the light beam on the middle path, the scanning light beams on the two sides are respectively deflected by 90 degrees towards the central axis direction after being reflected by the reflector a and the reflector b, the cooperative scanning in the three directions is realized, the reflector a and the incident light beam are placed at an angle of 45 degrees, and the plane where the reflector b is located is mutually vertical to the plane where the reflector a is located.
2. The three-way co-scanning optical coherence tomography hand-held probe of claim 1, wherein the hand-held probe barrel comprises a tip control assembly, a middle hand-held barrel, a front end probe barrel and an adjustable locking ring;
the tail end control assembly is provided with an optical fiber interface and a switching cable interface, the tail end control assembly is provided with an MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) galvanometer and a coating reflecting mirror, the MEMS galvanometer and an incident beam in a zero bias state form an angle of 45 degrees and are parallel to each other with the coating reflecting mirror, the deflection of the MEMS galvanometer is controlled through an optical signal transmitted by the optical fiber interface and a bias voltage signal transmitted by the switching cable interface, and a continuous linear scanning light beam is generated and enters the middle handheld barrel;
the inner wall of the middle handheld cylinder is symmetrically provided with radial sliding chutes, and the inside of the middle handheld cylinder is provided with a limiting pressing ring, a trapezoidal slide, a circular slide, a slide clamp and a pair of double-cemented achromatism lenses;
the glass sheet clamp is annular, the inner hole diameter is of a wedge-shaped structure, and the outer surface of the glass sheet clamp is provided with a convex edge matched with the middle handheld barrel sliding groove;
the outer surface of the circular slide is provided with a convex edge matched with the sliding groove of the middle handheld barrel, and the inner aperture of the circular slide is square;
the glass slide fixture is installed on the inner wall of the middle handheld barrel through a middle handheld barrel sliding groove, the trapezoid-shaped glass slide is fixed in the glass slide fixture and matched with the circular-ring-shaped glass slide through a pair of double-cemented achromatism lenses, the circular-ring-shaped glass slide is installed on the inner wall of the handheld probe barrel through the middle handheld barrel sliding groove, the middle handheld barrel sliding groove is used for circumferentially limiting the glass slide fixture and the circular-ring-shaped glass slide, the central symmetrical plane of the trapezoid-shaped glass slide and the central symmetrical plane of the circular-ring-shaped glass slide are on the same plane, the limiting pressing ring is fixed on the inner wall of the middle handheld barrel and respectively installed on the outer sides of the glass slide fixture and the circular-;
the front end of the front end probe barrel is conical, the front end is symmetrically provided with two grooves penetrating through the end part, the open ends of the two grooves are positioned on the end surface of the front end probe barrel, and the upper surface of the rear end of the front end probe barrel is provided with a groove matched with the front end of the middle handheld barrel; a reflector a and a reflector b are arranged in the front end of the front end probe barrel, the reflector a and the incident light beam are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, and the plane of the reflector b is perpendicular to the plane of the reflector a;
the middle handheld barrel is fixedly connected with the tail end control assembly, the middle handheld barrel is inserted into a groove in the upper surface of the rear end of the front end probe barrel, axial telescopic adjustment is achieved through the adjustable locking ring and the front end probe barrel, and the front end probe barrel is clamped with the anti-shake objective table.
3. The three-way cooperative scanning optical coherence tomography handheld probe as claimed in claim 2, wherein the anti-shake stage is processed with a concave boss matching with the groove of the front probe barrel, the width of the groove is the same as the width of the concave boss, two upper surfaces of the concave boss are processed with object-carrying grooves, and the length direction of the concave boss of the anti-shake stage is the same as the central connecting line direction of the two grooves of the front probe barrel.
4. The hand-held probe for three-dimensional co-scanning optical coherence tomography as claimed in claim 3, wherein the plane of the upper surface of the convex boss is 3 ° from the horizontal plane.
5. The three-way co-scanning optical coherence tomography hand-held probe of claim 2, wherein the tip control assembly further comprises a fine adjustment mechanism, the fine adjustment mechanism comprising: the device comprises a spring bolt, a powerful tension spring, a fine adjustment screw, a coarse adjustment screw, a fastening pressing ring, a universal shaft connecting rod, a universal shaft pressing ring, a fine adjustment plate and a working window shell;
the plane where the fine tuning plate is located and the horizontal plane form 45 degrees, the MEMS galvanometer is fixed on one side of the fine tuning plate through four fastening pressing rings, three strong tension springs are fixed at corresponding holes on the other side of the fine tuning plate, a universal shaft connecting rod is limited in a groove on the other side of the fine tuning plate through the universal shaft pressing ring, the universal shaft pressing ring is in threaded connection with the fine tuning plate, a coarse tuning screw is in threaded connection with a universal shaft connecting rod along the axial direction of the universal shaft, and the working window shell is fixed with the fine tuning plate through four fine tuning screws.
6. The hand-held probe for three-way co-scanning optical coherence tomography as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflector a and the reflector b are fixed in a slot provided at the front end of the front probe cylinder by a fixture.
7. The hand-held probe of claim 6, wherein the reflector a and the reflector b are fixed in the fixture by a clamping ring.
8. The three-way co-scanning optical coherence tomography hand-held probe of claim 2, wherein the fiber interface is threaded with a single mode fiber jumper.
9. The hand-held probe for optical coherence tomography with three-dimensional co-scanning as claimed in claim 2, wherein the front end of the middle hand-held cylinder is uniformly provided with four grooves penetrating through the end part to divide the front end into four parts, and the open ends of the grooves are located on the end surface of the end of the middle hand-held cylinder; four grooves which are processed on the upper surface of the rear end of the front end probe cylinder and are matched with the front end of the middle handheld cylinder correspond to the four divided parts of the structure of the front end of the middle handheld cylinder one by one.
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