CN107197517B - LTE satellite uplink synchronization method based on TA grouping - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of broadband satellite communication navigation, in particular to an LTE satellite uplink synchronization method based on TA grouping. The LTE based on TA lead grouping is suitable for the synchronization method of the satellite uplink, the TA lead is grouped and configured according to the round-trip delay difference transmitted by the user link, the TA setting range in the ground LTE protocol standard is prevented from being modified, and the effectiveness and the real-time performance of satellite communication are improved by ensuring that the TA lead is in a smaller range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of broadband satellite communication navigation, in particular to an LTE satellite uplink synchronization method based on TA grouping.
Background
With the development of wireless communication, a system convergence of a terrestrial communication system and a satellite communication system is an inevitable trend to realize seamless coverage of a global communication system. At present, a ground LTE system is in large-scale commercial use, the applicability of the LTE system on satellite communication is realized, and the method has important significance for integrating a space-ground integrated communication network and improving the data transmission rate and the spectrum utilization rate of the current satellite communication.
In the LTE system, an important characteristic of uplink transmission is that different UEs have orthogonal multiple access (orthogonal multiple access) in time and frequency, i.e. uplink transmissions from different UEs in the same cell do not interfere with each other. To ensure orthogonality of uplink transmissions and avoid intra-cell (intra-cell) interference, the eNodeB requires that signals from different UEs in the same subframe but different frequency domain resources (different RBs) arrive at the eNodeB substantially aligned in time. The eNodeB can correctly decode the uplink data as long as it receives the uplink data sent by the UE within the CP (cyclic prefix), and therefore, the uplink synchronization requires that the time of arrival of signals from different UEs in the same subframe to the eNodeB all fall within the CP. In order to ensure time synchronization on the receiving side (eNodeB side), LTE proposes an uplink Timing advance (ta) mechanism. The timing advance is related to the cell radius.
Because the beam radius in satellite communication is generally far larger than the cell radius of ground mobile communication, the maximum round-trip delay difference between users in the beam is larger, so that the TA advance in the ground LTE system at present cannot be directly applied to satellite communication. The TA in the current ground LTE standard is 0-0.67 ms, but the round-trip delay difference of different users in a satellite beam is large and can reach several milliseconds, so that the applicability of the TA advance scheme is required to be improved. The current improvement scheme does not keep the invariance of the TA advance range in the existing LTE, thereby influencing the maximum commonality of the integration of the satellite communication and the LTE system, and the great time delay characteristic of the satellite communication cannot be improved to a certain extent, so that the real-time performance is better.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to realize the applicability of the LTE system on satellite communication, a TA lead grouping design method is provided for uplink synchronization, the method can fully ensure the commonality of the LTE in the satellite communication and the current commercial LTE system on the ground, and the TA lead range in a protocol does not need to be modified. Meanwhile, the timing advance is ensured to be in a smaller range, and the effectiveness and the real-time performance of satellite communication are improved.
To achieve the above object, the LTE based on timing advance grouping of the present invention is adapted to a synchronization design method of a satellite uplink, which includes the steps of,
a method for LTE satellite uplink synchronization based on timing advance grouping comprises the following steps,
generating a random lead code according to the generation rule of the random lead code in the LTE protocol in a preset way, and transmitting a signal containing the random lead code by User Equipment (UE); the preset random preamble can be generated according to the generation rule of the random preamble in the LTE protocol, and can also be generated in a self-defined manner.
Step two: the satellite calculates the link transmission round-trip delay from each user terminal UE to the satellite according to the received random lead code;
step three: according to the setting range of Timing Advance (TA) in a ground LTE system, selecting a reasonable value L in the range, wherein the value L is close to the maximum value in the Timing Advance range as much as possible so as to reduce the number of groups divided into the following groups as few as possible, and dividing each user side UE into at least two user groups according to the round-trip delay from each user side UE to a satellite;
step four: the satellite respectively transmits corresponding TA adjusting information to different user groups;
step five: and the users in each user group determine the information uplink transmission time according to the received TA regulation information. Including whether and when to perform uplink transmission, so that the satellite receiving end performs time division processing on different groups, and different users in the same group synchronously achieve the purpose of simultaneous processing of the satellite receiving end.
Further, the user section generates a random lead code according to the satellite orbit height, and the satellite calculates the link transmission round-trip delay from each user end UE to the satellite according to the received random lead code.
Further, the setting value L is determined by a setting range of TA advance of the ground LTE system and a maximum round-trip delay difference of all access users in the satellite beam; the value range is that L is more than 0ms and less than or equal to 0.67 ms.
The number of groups grouped is as small as possible, and the number of users in each group is as uniform as possible. Therefore, L can be adaptively changed along with factors such as the orbit height of the satellite, the beam size of the satellite, the elevation angle of the satellite and the like.
Further, the method for dividing each UE into different user groups includes: obtaining the maximum transmission round-trip delay T from each user terminal UE to the satellite in a single satellite wave beamaObtaining the minimum round-trip delay T from each user terminal UE to the satellite in the satellite beambCalculating the maximum round-trip delay difference Δ T ═ T of all UE clients in the satellite beama-Tb；
According to the formula
Dividing each user terminal UE in the satellite wave beam into n user groups; the round-trip delay between the user side UE in each user group is less than or equal to L; all users can be divided into n groups, each of which is 0, L x 1, according to the user delay difference relative to the minimum round trip delay at B],(L*1,L*2]......(L*(n-1),L*n]. It can be seen that the user delay difference in each group is 0ms<L is less than or equal to 0.67ms, and the TA (advance time) in the existing LTE standard is 0-0.67 ms, so that users in satellite beams can realize uplink synchronous communication according to groups.
Furthermore, each user group determines the uplink signal transmission of each user UE in the group according to the resource scheduling distribution of the satellite, so that the time for the signals sent by different user groups to reach the satellite is different; so that the satellite can time-share the processing of different packets of user data.
Furthermore, in the same user group, each user side UE adjusts the uplink transmission time of its own information according to the TA adjustment information, so that the time for the information transmitted by all user side UEs in the group to reach the satellite is the same.
The method for making the time of arrival of the information sent by all the user side UEs in the group to the satellite the same is carried out according to the following steps:
(2-1) setting any ground terminal UE in a user group as a first ground terminal, and determining the beam information and the position information of the first ground terminal;
(2-2) receiving a pilot signal transmitted by a satellite, acquiring satellite ephemeris data at the latest moment, and further determining satellite position information and beam center position information at the current moment;
(2-3) calculating the distance between the first ground terminal and the satellite and the distance between the beam center and the satellite according to the position information of the first ground terminal and the position information of the satellite and the position information of the beam center, and acquiring the time delay difference between first time required by signal propagation from the first ground terminal to the satellite and second time required by signal propagation from the beam center to the satellite;
(2-4) with respect to a second ground terminal located at the beam center position, the first ground terminal sends an uplink signal in advance of the duration of the delay difference; the timing adjustment is carried out by transmitting an uplink signal to the ground terminal;
and (2-5) processing each ground terminal in the same user group according to the steps (2-1) to (2-4), so that signals transmitted by each ground terminal in the same user group simultaneously reach the satellite, and timing synchronization of a satellite receiving end is realized.
Further, the communication system of the satellite is LTE.
Further, in step (2-3), the distance between the terminal UE or the beam center and the satellite is calculated as:
in the formula, d is the required distance; reIs the average radius of the earth; r is the distance between the satellite and the geocentric; theta is the earth central angle, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively the longitude and latitude of the ground point and the satellite; the ground point is the position of the ground terminal UE or the beam center position.
Further, the delay difference calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, delta tau is the time delay difference; c is the propagation speed of the light; d is the distance from the ground terminal UE to the satellite, drThe distance from the beam center position to the satellite.
Further, the location information includes longitude, latitude, and altitude.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the LTE based on TA lead grouping is suitable for the synchronization method of the satellite uplink, the TA lead is grouped and configured according to the round-trip delay difference transmitted by the user link, the TA setting range in the ground LTE protocol standard is prevented from being modified, and the effectiveness and the real-time performance of satellite communication are improved by ensuring that the TA lead is in a smaller range.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
figure 2 is a distribution diagram of a ground user within a satellite beam.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the same time of arrival of information transmitted by the UE at the satellite in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the relative position of the UE with respect to the beam center to satellite transmission delay difference calculation.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, a method for LTE satellite uplink synchronization based on TA advance grouping includes the following steps,
s1: presetting and generating a random lead code according to a generation rule of the random lead code in an LTE protocol, and transmitting a signal containing the random lead code by User Equipment (UE);
s2: the satellite calculates the link transmission round-trip delay from each user terminal UE to the satellite according to the received random lead code;
s3: according to the setting range of Timing Advance (TA) in a ground LTE system, selecting a reasonable value L in the range, wherein the value L is close to the maximum value in the range as much as possible so as to reduce the number of groups divided into the following groups as few as possible, and dividing each user side UE into at least two user groups according to the round-trip delay from each user side UE to a satellite;
s4: the satellite respectively transmits corresponding TA adjusting information to different user groups;
s5: and the users in each user group determine the information uplink transmission time according to the received TA regulation information.
Whether to perform uplink transmission and when to perform uplink transmission, so that the satellite receiving end performs time division processing on different groups, and different users in the same group synchronize to achieve the purpose that the satellite receiving end performs processing simultaneously.
Further, the user side UE generates random lead codes according to the satellite orbit height, and the satellite calculates the link transmission round-trip delay from each user side UE to the satellite according to the received random lead codes.
Further, the setting value L is determined by a setting range of TA advance of the ground LTE system and a maximum round-trip delay difference of all access users in the satellite beam; the value range is that L is more than 0ms and less than or equal to 0.67 ms. The number of groups after grouping is required to be as small as possible, and the number of users in each group is required to be as uniform as possible. Therefore, L can be adaptively changed along with factors such as the orbit height of the satellite, the beam size of the satellite, the elevation angle of the satellite and the like.
Further, the method for dividing each UE into different user groups includes: obtaining the maximum transmission round-trip delay T from each user terminal UE to the satellite in a single satellite wave beamaObtaining the minimum round-trip delay T from each user terminal UE to the satellite in the satellite beambCalculating the maximum round-trip delay difference Δ T ═ T of all UE clients in the satellite beama-Tb；
According to the formula
Dividing each user terminal UE in the satellite wave beam into n user groups; user terminal in each user groupRound-trip delays between the UEs are all less than or equal to L; all users can be divided into n groups, each of which is 0, L x 1, according to the user delay difference relative to the minimum round trip delay at B],(L*1,L*2]......(L*(n-1),L*n]. It can be seen that the user delay difference in each group is 0ms<L is less than or equal to 0.67ms, and the TA (advance time) in the existing LTE standard is 0-0.67 ms, so that users in satellite beams can realize uplink synchronous communication according to groups.
Furthermore, each user group determines the uplink signal transmission of each user UE in the group according to the resource scheduling distribution of the satellite, so that the time for the signals sent by different user groups to reach the satellite is different; so that the satellite can time-share the processing of different packets of user data.
Furthermore, in the same user group, each user side UE adjusts the uplink transmission time of its own information according to the TA adjustment information, so that the time for the information transmitted by all user side UEs in the group to reach the satellite is the same.
The method for making the time of arrival of the information sent by all the UE clients in the group to the satellite the same is performed according to the steps shown in fig. 3: specifically, the method comprises the following steps of,
s21: in the same beam in which the satellite projects to the ground, any one of the ground terminals UE in a certain user group is set as a first ground terminal UE which determines its own position information including, but not limited to, longitude, latitude and altitude by its own GPS positioning function. Specifically, the ground terminal refers to a processing device within the coverage beam range of the satellite for communicating with the satellite, the plurality of ground terminals access the satellite in LTE-advanced, and the first ground terminal UE refers to any one of the plurality of ground terminals.
S22: the first ground terminal UE acquires data such as satellite ephemeris at the latest moment by receiving a pilot signal transmitted by a satellite, and further determines satellite position information and beam center position information at the current moment, wherein the position information comprises longitude, latitude and altitude; the pilot signal includes satellite ephemeris information, satellite beam sub-satellite position information, and the like, and the purpose of the ground terminal receiving the pilot signal is to confirm beam center position information of a beam where the satellite and the first ground terminal UE are located.
S23: the first ground terminal UE respectively calculates the distance between the first ground terminal and the satellite and the distance between the beam center position and the satellite according to the obtained position information, and further obtains the signal propagation delay difference between the ground terminal UE and the satellite and between the beam center and the satellite; specifically, the distance from the satellite to the first ground terminal UE to the satellite, or the distance from the beam center to the satellite is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, d is the distance from the satellite to the ground point; reIs the average radius of the earth; r is the distance between the satellite and the geocentric; theta is the earth central angle, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively, the latitude and longitude of the ground point and the satellite. The ground point is a ground terminal UE or a beam center.
The time delay difference calculation formula of the UE from the beam center to the satellite transmission is as follows:
in the formula, delta tau is the time delay difference; c is the propagation speed of the light; d and drRespectively the distance between the ground terminal UE and the beam center and the satellite, as shown in fig. 4.
S24: the first ground terminal UE is relative to the second ground terminal located at the beam center position according to the time delay difference Δ τ calculated in step S23And the terminal sends the uplink signal in advance of the time length of the time delay difference. Specifically, the time when the ground terminal UE transmits the uplink signal is t0The time when the second ground terminal located at the beam center position transmits the uplink signal is t0+ Δ τ. The timing adjustment is carried out on the uplink signals transmitted by the ground terminals, so that the signals transmitted by different ground terminals can reach the satellite at the same time, and the timing synchronization of the satellite receiving end is realized.
S25: and (3) processing each ground terminal in the same user group according to the steps (2-1) to (2-4), so that signals transmitted by each ground terminal in the same user group simultaneously reach the satellite, and timing synchronization of a satellite receiving end is realized.
Claims (8)
1. A LTE satellite uplink synchronization method based on TA grouping is characterized by comprising the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: generating a random lead code according to the presetting, and transmitting a signal containing the random lead code by User Equipment (UE);
step two: the satellite calculates the link transmission round-trip delay from each user terminal UE to the satellite according to the received random lead code;
step three: selecting a reasonable value L in a setting range of timing advance in a ground LTE system, and dividing each user side UE into at least two user groups according to round-trip delay from each user side UE to a satellite;
step four: the satellite respectively transmits corresponding timing advance adjusting information to different user groups;
step five: the users in each user group determine the information uplink sending time according to the received timing advance adjusting information;
in the same user group, each user terminal UE adjusts the uplink sending time of the self information according to the timing advance adjusting information, so that the time for the information sent by all the user terminal UE in the group to reach the satellite is the same, wherein the method for enabling the time for the information sent by all the user terminal UE in the group to reach the satellite is carried out according to the following steps:
(2-1) setting any ground terminal UE in a user group as a first ground terminal, and determining the beam information and the position information of the first ground terminal;
(2-2) receiving a pilot signal transmitted by a satellite, acquiring satellite ephemeris data at the latest moment, and further determining satellite position information and beam center position information at the current moment; the pilot signal comprises satellite ephemeris information and satellite beam sub-satellite point position information;
(2-3) calculating the distance between the first ground terminal and the satellite and the distance between the beam center and the satellite according to the position information of the first ground terminal and the position information of the satellite and the position information of the beam center, and acquiring the time delay difference between first time required by signal propagation from the first ground terminal to the satellite and second time required by signal propagation from the beam center to the satellite;
(2-4) with respect to a second ground terminal located at the beam center position, the first ground terminal sends an uplink signal in advance of the duration of the delay difference; the timing adjustment is carried out by transmitting an uplink signal to the ground terminal;
and (2-5) processing each ground terminal in the same user group according to the steps (2-1) to (2-4), so that signals transmitted by each ground terminal in the same user group simultaneously reach the satellite, and timing synchronization of a satellite receiving end is realized.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE generates random preambles based on satellite orbital altitude, and the satellite calculates link transmission round-trip delays from each UE to the satellite based on the received random preambles.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the L is determined by a set range of TA advance of the terrestrial LTE system and a maximum round trip delay difference of all access users in a satellite beam; the value range is that L is more than 0ms and less than or equal to 0.67 ms.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method for dividing each UE into different user groups comprises: obtaining the maximum transmission round-trip delay from each user terminal UE to the satellite in a single satellite wave beamTaObtaining the minimum round-trip delay T from each user terminal UE to the satellite in the satellite beambCalculating the maximum round-trip delay difference delta T ═ T of all the user end UEs in the satellite beama-Tb；
According to the formula
Dividing each user terminal UE in the satellite wave beam into n user groups; and the round-trip delay between the UE of the user side in each user group is less than or equal to L.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein each user group determines uplink transmission time of signals of each UE in the user group according to resource scheduling allocation of the satellite, so that signals transmitted from different user groups arrive at different times at the satellite.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2-3), the distance from the first ground terminal or beam center to the satellite is calculated by the formula:
in the formula, d is the required distance; reIs the average radius of the earth; r is the distance between the satellite and the geocentric; theta is the earth central angle, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively the longitude and latitude of the ground point and the satellite; the ground point is a first ground terminal position or beamA central position.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the delay spread is calculated by:
in the formula, delta tau is the time delay difference; c is the propagation speed of the light; d is the distance from the first ground terminal to the satellite, drThe distance from the beam center position to the satellite.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the location information comprises a longitude, a latitude, and an altitude.
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