CN107153095A - The health detecting system and its method of work of a kind of composite plate structure - Google Patents
The health detecting system and its method of work of a kind of composite plate structure Download PDFInfo
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of health detecting system of composite plate structure and its method of work, described system includes random waveform function generator, power amplifier, ultrasonic transducer, signal conditioning circuit, data collecting card and computer.The integrated machine magnetoimpedance composite detection method of composite plate structure health detection new method proposed by the present invention, i.e. supersonic guide-wave, the position damaged first by supersonic guide-wave method measurement, classification, the degree then damaged using machine magnetoimpedance method measurement.Composite plate is subjected to related operation with the ultrasonic guided wave signals under lossless two states and machine magnetic resistance antinoise signal damaging again, and obtained coefficient correlation is merged, a new damage discriminant criterion is drawn, qualitative recognition defect is come with the damage discriminant criterion.The composite detection method can effectively measure position, type and the degree of damage, and the deficiency of damage full detail can not be obtained when compensate for two methods independent measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite plate quality detection technology, particularly a kind of health detecting method of composite plate structure.
Background technology
Composite plate structure health detection, refers to detect various defects present in composite plate using certain detection means,
Such as bubble, impurity, crack, corrosion and screw loosening.At present, structural health detection field has had been developed that a variety of available
In the method for composite plate Non-Destructive Testing, such as ultrasound detection, ray detection, thermal imaging detection, EDDY CURRENT.
Composite, its institutional framework has obvious anisotropy, and the discreteness of material property is larger, produces defect
Complicated mechanism is various, so as to cause that when detecting deep part defect very big obstacle can be run into.In the health of composite plate structure
In detection, a kind of novel detection method is to use Lamb wave in supersonic guide-wave to be detected that supersonic guide-wave is propagated in composite plate
When, propagation distance is remote and decays small.When Lamb wave is propagated in composite plate, if significant change occurs for matrix, than
Such as layering, hole defect, Lamb wave can reflect and scatter etc. phenomenon, the amplitude of the response signal now received, frequency
Rate and mode can change.Now, the defect information in matrix will be included among response signal, pass through analysis
Response signal, extracts the defect information included in it, it is possible to which the information such as the position of defect are differentiated, so as to realize pair
The NDT and NDE of composite plate.
In addition, resistance technique is also a kind of health detecting method of effective composite plate structure, with local sensitivity it is high,
The advantages of sensor is easily installed, is particularly suitable for the composite plate on-line checking field of irregular eutectic.Resistance technique refer to by
Tested composite plate is coupled with sensor to be integrated, and the mechanical impedance change of tested composite plate is converted into the electrical impedance of sensor
Change, infers that tested composite plate whether there is defect by the electrical impedance of measurement sensor.Its measuring method is：By swashing
Encourage sensor and motivate swept-frequency signal in tested composite plate, if tested composite plate existing defects, its mechanical impedance will be sent out
Changing, the information such as the response signal amplitude now received will change, then by receiving sensor collection with lacking
The response signal of feature is fallen into, defect information is extracted using various signal processing methods.
In the health detection field of current composite plate structure, either ultrasonic guided wave detection technology, or impedance detection
Technology, it is common to use the ultrasonic transducer based on piezo-electric effect.The traditional transducers such as piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, its sound source does not exist
Tested composite board internal, but by the incoming tested composite plate of couplant, this has just inevitably resulted in the loss of acoustic wave energy.
Structural health detection is carried out using supersonic guide-wave technology, although guided waves propagation distance is remote, detection range is wide, damage reason location is accurate,
But local sensitivity is low, the identification to type of impairment, degree is unsatisfactory；And resistance technique is used, although local sensitivity
It is very high, but detection range is limited, damage reason location is difficult.Therefore, both approaches progress composite plate structure is being used alone
During health detection, ideal effect can not be all obtained.
The content of the invention
To solve the above mentioned problem that prior art is present, it is wide but also sensitive that the present invention will design a kind of not only detection range
The health detecting system and its method of work of the high composite plate structure of degree.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows：A kind of health detecting system of composite plate structure, bag
Include random waveform function generator, power amplifier, ultrasonic transducer, signal conditioning circuit, data collecting card and computer；Institute
The ultrasonic transducer stated is the ultrasonic transducer based on magnetostrictive effect, has four, respectively EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3
And EMAT4；Described ultrasonic transducer is coupling in composite plate；Described random waveform function generator through power amplifier with
Ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 are connected；Described computer is through data collecting card and signal conditioning circuit
Connection；Described signal conditioning circuit is connected with ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 respectively.
Further, the installation site of described ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 in composite plate
For four summits of square.
A kind of method of work of the health detecting system of composite plate structure, comprises the following steps：
A, standard composite plate is detected
A1, ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 be coupling in standard composite plate, described standard
Composite plate is the composite plate without any damage；
A2, by random waveform function generator produce one group of pumping signal, signal be Hanning window modulate 5~20 cycles
Sinusoidal signal, its centre frequency be 100~300kHz；Signal passes to ultrasonic transducer after amplifying through power amplifier
EMAT1, ultrasonic transducer EMAT1 forces the particle vibration of composite plate, is then responded by remaining three ultrasonic transducer collection
Signal, response signal delivers to data collecting card after being nursed one's health through signal conditioning circuit, then uploads to computer and carries out signal point
Analysis and processing；
A3, by random waveform function generator produce another set pumping signal, signal be sine FM signal, frequency be situated between
In 90~210kHz；Signal passes to ultrasonic transducer EMAT1 after amplifying through power amplifier, then gathers ultrasonic transducer
The Harmony response signal of composite plate during EMAT1 independent roles；Encourage remaining three ultrasonic transducers EMAT2, EMAT3 respectively successively
And EMAT4, gather respective Harmony response signal；Response signal delivers to data collecting card after being nursed one's health through signal conditioning circuit, so
After upload to computer carry out signal analysis and processing；
A4, set the detection node of ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 in composite plate be respectively A, B,
C and D, gather first A → B, A → C, the supersonic guide-wave data on this 3 guided waves propagation paths of A → D and 4 detection node A, B,
Machine magnetoimpedance data at C, D, and these data are preserved as benchmark；
B, tested composite plate is detected
B1, ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 removed from standard composite plate be coupling in again it is tested
In composite plate；
B2, by step A2 perform；
B3, by step A3 perform；
B4, by step A4 perform；
C, to detection data carry out analysis calculating
C1, utilize the position damaged in ultrasonic Lamb wave detection composite plate structure
When being measured with supersonic guide-wave method, the position of damage is detected by four classical point circular arc positioning modes；It is compound
Lamb wave has in a plurality of propagation path, but detection between a pair of excitation ultrasonic transducers and reception ultrasonic transducer and only needed in plate
Pay close attention to the guided wave data on two paths, one is path that direct wave is propagated, i.e. path A → B, another is is passed through source of damage
Scatter to up to the path for receiving ultrasonic transducer, i.e. path A → d1 → B, wherein d1 is source of damage；Due to not passing through source of damage
The direct wave bag of reflection does not carry damage source information, then receives signal after the damage that ultrasonic transducer is received and subtracts before damage
Signal, then obtain the signal containing only damage information, i.e. difference signal；
By analyze difference signal time delay is：
In formula, r1For the distance of excitation ultrasonic transducer to damage；r2For source of damage to the distance for receiving ultrasonic transducer；
cgHFor without group velocity during source of damage；cgDFor the group velocity after source of damage.
Using ultrasonic transducer EMAT1 as driving source, changed using ultrasonic transducer EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 as ultrasound is received
Can device, the difference signal time delay t received12、t13、t14Respectively：
Wherein, cgHBy the distance between excitation ultrasonic transducer and reception ultrasonic transducer d and signal on this path
Propagation time obtains.The coordinate of ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 in composite plate is respectively (x1, y1)、
(x2, y2)、(x3, y3)、(x4, y4), source of damage coordinate is unknown, is set to (x, y)；Due to ultrasonic transducer coordinate, oneself knows, above-mentioned three
Individual equation contains x, y, cgDThree unknown quantitys, simultaneous formula (2)-(4), obtain source of damage position coordinates (x, y).
C2, utilize machine magnetoimpedance spectrum fusion ultrasonic guided wave signals identification of damage type and extent
When being measured with supersonic guide-wave method, the presence or absence of damage and positional information have just been obtained, but type for damage,
Degree and screw loosening defect can not but know that now, then combined impedance detects to recognize；Different types of defect, is combined
The mechanical impedance value of plate is different；Screw is in locking and does not lock under two states, the mechanical impedance of composite plate be also it is different, because
This realize the identification of type of impairment, degree by the different excursion of impedance value；
After ultrasonic transducer is coupled into one with composite plate, the theoretical calculation formula of coupling body total impedance is as follows：
Wherein, ZtotalFor the total impedance after ultrasonic transducer and composite plate coupling, R is ultrasonic transducer resistance, and ω is angle
Frequency, L is ultrasonic transducer inductance, and N is coil turn,For cylindrical mangneto stretchable sheet bottom disc area,For circle
Cylindricality mangneto stretchable sheet face of cylinder area, ZmFor ultrasonic transducer mechanical impedance, ZLFor composite plate mechanical impedance,For constant magnetic
Modulus of elasticity off field, d is piezomagnetic coefficient.
The mechanical impedance Z of composite plateLIt is unable to direct measurement to go out, only couples one with ultrasonic transducer by formula (5)
After body, the mechanical impedance of composite plate is converted to the electrical impedance of coupling body, could be measured by detecting system.
In order to preferably characterize structure change, introduce coefficient correlation CC and ultrasonic guided wave signals and machine magnetoimpedance spectrum are divided
Analysis is calculated.Coefficient correlation CC is the amount of linear correlation degree between research variable, for characterizing guided wave signals and impedance spectrum change
Degree, i.e. structure change degree, be expressed as：
In formula:xi、To have damage data and its average value；yi、For not damaged data and its average value.In order to more directly perceived
Expression coefficient correlation CC and structural damage between relation, damage index expressed by following formula：
Data fusion concrete operation step is as follows：
C21, use X1(t) represent to damage the supersonic guide-wave data measured under state, and measure the ultrasound with defect information
The guided wave bag beginning and ending time is respectively t1And t2, in t1To t2N point is averagely taken in time, and records X at n point1(t) value, makes even
Try to achieveWith Y1(t) the supersonic guide-wave data measured under nondestructive state are represented, are calculated in the same wayUse X2(f)
Represent to damage the machine magnetoimpedance data measured under state, f1And f2Start-stop frequency is represented respectively, in f1To f2N is averagely taken in frequency range
It is individual, and record X at n point2(f) value, is averaged and tries to achieveWith Y2(f) the machine magnetoimpedance measured under nondestructive state is represented
Data, are calculated in the same way
Two obtained class data are substituted into formula (7) to obtain after respective damage index, also need to refer to the damage that 2 kinds of methods are obtained
Number carries out data fusion, draws synthesized damage index.
C22, the damage index for obtaining 2 kinds of methods are merged, it is necessary to which a scale factor, this scale factor should
Reflect 2 index proportions in synthesized damage index, 2 indexes is located at the same order of magnitude again.Complex damage refers to
During number is calculated, scale factor is multiplied with the damage index that machine magnetoimpedance method is obtained, makes 2 index equal proportion scalings.Ratio because
Sub- k expression formula is：
In formula：DIGW(i)For the damage index on each path of supersonic guide-wave；nGWFor the number of supersonic guide-wave propagation path；
DIEMI(j)For the damage index at each node of machine magnetoimpedance；nEMIFor the number of machine magnetoimpedance detection node.
C23, set DIGW(1)、DIGW(2)... for the damage index on each propagation path of supersonic guide-wave, DIEMI(1)、DIEMI(2)、
DIEMI(3)... for the damage index at each detection node of machine magnetoimpedance, DI1-1、DI1-2、DI2-1、DI2-2... refer to for complex damage
Number.Then the calculation formula of synthesized damage index is：
DI1-1=DIGW(1)+kDIEMI(1)
DI1-2=DIGW(1)+kDIEMI(2) (9)
DI2-1=DIGW(2)+kDIEMI(1)
C24, by obtained synthesized damage index combination frequency and node, draw three-dimensional column diagram, pass through relatively different frequencies
The size of synthesized damage index at rate, different nodes, that is, realize type, the degree identification of damage.The change of synthesized damage index
Scope is 0 to 1, and type of impairment, degree are different, and the damage index region of variation drawn is also differed, fixed with the difference of this data
Recognize defect to property.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1st, the present invention is proposed using the electromagnet ultrasonic changer based on magnetostrictive effect, and by supersonic guide-wave and machine
Magnetoimpedance technological incorporation carries out the new method of structural health detection together.Electromagnet ultrasonic changer (Electromagnetic
Acoustic Transducer, abbreviation EMAT) as a kind of it can excite and receive Lamb wave in conductive, permeability magnetic material
Untouchable ultrasonic transducer, its sound field source is produced inside test specimen to be measured.In addition, compared with conventional ultrasound transducer, EMAT
Can easily excite polytype supersonic guide-wave, such as surface wave, Lamb wave, SH ripples, also with small volume, purposes it is many,
Adapt to the advantages of complex environment ability is strong, structural parameters are easy to adjustment and cheap cost of manufacture.
2nd, supersonic guide-wave and machine magnetoimpedance both detection methods are combined by the present invention, applied to same test specimen,
Structural damage is recognized, exactly make use of ultrasonic guided wave detecting scope big and machine magnetoimpedance detection local sensitivity is high
Feature, realizes the global and local detection of structure.Supersonic guide-wave and machine magnetoimpedance both technologies are combined
Structure health detection, with reference to the advantage of two methods, can effectively realize the detection damaged to labyrinth different type.
3rd, the integrated machine magnetoimpedance compound detection of composite plate structure health detection new method proposed by the present invention, i.e. supersonic guide-wave
Method, the position damaged first by supersonic guide-wave method measurement, the class then damaged using machine magnetoimpedance method measurement
Not, degree.Again by composite plate damage it is related to the progress of machine magnetic resistance antinoise signal to the ultrasonic guided wave signals under lossless two states
Computing, and obtained coefficient correlation is merged, a new damage discriminant criterion is drawn, is determined with the damage discriminant criterion
Property identification defect.The composite detection method can effectively measure position, type and the degree of damage, compensate for two methods list
The deficiency of damage full detail can not be solely obtained during measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of present system.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional column diagram of data fusion generation of the present invention.
In figure：1st, random waveform function generator, 2, power amplifier, 3, composite plate, 4, ultrasonic transducer, 5, signal adjusts
Manage circuit, 6, data collecting card, 7, computer.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described through below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, it is necessary to which random waveform function generator 1, a power are put in the detection method of the present invention
Big device 2, four ultrasonic transducers 4 based on magnetostrictive effect, signal conditioning circuit 5, a data collecting cards 6 and one
Platform computer 7.In addition, also two composite plates 3 for being used to detect, material is identical with size, and one of plate is used as ginseng
Standard is examined, without any damage, also without defects such as screw loosenings, and another block of plate is with a defect d1 and a loosening spiral shell
Follow closely d2.
The size of composite plate 3 is 600mm × 600mm × 2mm.The 5 of the pumping signal selection Hanning window modulation of supersonic guide-wave method
~20 cycle sinusoidal signals, its centre frequency is 100~300kHz.The pumping signal of machine magnetoimpedance method is believed for sine FM
Number, frequency sweeping ranges are between 90~210kHz.
As shown in Fig. 2 it is the flow chart of the inventive method.First by ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3,
EMAT4 is coupled in the standard composite plate without any damage, according to connecting detecting system shown in Fig. 1.By random waveform function
Generator 1, which produces one group, is used for the pumping signal that supersonic guide-wave is measured, and ultrasonic transduction is passed to after amplifying through power amplifier 2
Device EMAT1, ultrasonic transducer EMAT1 forces composite plate 3 to be vibrated, and then gathers response signal, response letter by remaining 3 EMAT
Data collecting card 6 is delivered to after number being nursed one's health through signal conditioning circuit 5, computer 7 is then uploaded to and carries out signal analysis and processing.
Producing one group by random waveform function generator 1 again is used for the pumping signal of impedance measurement, is passed after amplifying through power amplifier 2
Ultrasonic transducer EMAT1 is passed, ultrasonic transducer EMAT1 forces composite plate 3 to be vibrated, gather multiple by ultrasonic transducer EMAT1
The Harmony response signal of plywood 3；Encourage remaining three ultrasonic transducers, composite plate 3 when gathering their independent roles respectively successively
Harmony response signal；Response signal delivers to data collecting card 6 after being nursed one's health through signal conditioning circuit 5, then upload to computer 7
Carry out signal analysis and processing.
The supersonic guide-wave data and 4 detection nodes on 3 guided waves propagation paths (A → B, A → C, A → D) are gathered first
Machine magnetoimpedance data at A, B, C, D, and these data are preserved as benchmark.Then, take another block of identical material, size but
With defective composite plate, the supersonic guide-wave data and machine magnetic resistance of composite plate after aforesaid operations process, capture setting defect are repeated
Anti- data.
Preliminary treatment is carried out to the supersonic guide-wave data collected, damage source position d1 is drawn.
Related operation is carried out to the supersonic guide-wave data and machine magnetoimpedance data collected, respective coefficient correlation is drawn,
And respective damage index is calculated by coefficient correlation.Fusion operation is carried out to obtained damage index, synthesized damage index is drawn,
Synthesized damage index combination frequency and node are generated into three-dimensional column diagram, as shown in Figure 3.
In Fig. 3, transverse axis represents node, has four, respectively A, B, C and D；The longitudinal axis represents frequency, frequency range
For 90~210kHz, four frequency bands are divided into, respectively 90~120kHz, 120~150kHz, 150~180kHz and 180~
210kHz.Synthesized damage index is substantially higher at 150~180kHz of frequency band, node B and C, illustrates source of damage d1 distance sections
Point B and C is near compared with other nodes.
Assuming that the synthesized damage index constant interval of rift defect is z1~z2, the synthesized damage index variation zone of hole defect
Between be z3~z4, the synthesized damage index calculated be z；If z1<z<Z2, then may determine that source of damage is crack；If z3<z<
Z4, then may determine that source of damage is hole.Other types defect, by that analogy.
By taking rift defect as an example, it is assumed that the composite index of slight damage is z1~z1 ', the composite index of moderate injury is
Z1 '~z2 ', the composite index of severe injury is z2 '~z2, with residing for z it is interval can qualitative recognition go out the degree of damage.Other
Type flaw, by that analogy.
The present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, any equivalent concepts in the technical scope of present disclosure or changes
Become, be classified as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of health detecting system of composite plate structure, it is characterised in that：Including random waveform function generator (1), power
Amplifier (2), ultrasonic transducer (4), signal conditioning circuit (5), data collecting card (6) and computer (7)；Described ultrasound is changed
Can device (4) be the ultrasonic transducer (4) based on magnetostrictive effect, have four, respectively EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and
EMAT4；Described ultrasonic transducer (4) is coupling in composite plate (3)；Described random waveform function generator (1) is through power
Amplifier (2) is connected with ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4；Described computer (7) is through data collecting card
(6) it is connected with signal conditioning circuit (5)；Described signal conditioning circuit (5) respectively with ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2,
EMAT3 and EMAT4 connections.
2. a kind of health detecting system of composite plate structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described ultrasound is changed
The installation site of energy device EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 in composite plate (3) is four square summits.
3. a kind of method of work of the health detecting system of composite plate structure, comprises the following steps：
A, standard composite plate is detected
A1, ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 be coupling in standard composite plate, described standard is combined
Plate is the composite plate (3) without any damage；
A2, by random waveform function generator (1) produce one group of pumping signal, signal be Hanning window modulate 5~20 cycles
Sinusoidal signal, its centre frequency be 100~300kHz；Signal passes to ultrasonic transduction after amplifying through power amplifier (2)
Device EMAT1, ultrasonic transducer EMAT1 forces the particle vibration of composite plate (3), then by remaining three ultrasonic transducer (4)
Response signal is gathered, response signal delivers to data collecting card (6) after being nursed one's health through signal conditioning circuit (5), then uploads to meter
Calculation machine (7) carries out signal analysis and processing；
A3, by random waveform function generator (1) produce another set pumping signal, signal be sine FM signal, frequency be situated between
In 90~210kHz；Signal passes to ultrasonic transducer EMAT1 after amplifying through power amplifier (2), then gathers ultrasound and changes
The Harmony response signal of composite plate (3) during energy device EMAT1 independent roles；Encourage remaining three ultrasonic transducers respectively successively
EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4, gather respective Harmony response signal；Response signal is delivered to after being nursed one's health through signal conditioning circuit (5)
Data collecting card (6), then uploads to computer (7) and carries out signal analysis and processing；
A4, to set the detection node of ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 in composite plate (3) be respectively A, B, C
And D, gather first A → B, A → C, the supersonic guide-wave data on this 3 guided waves propagation paths of A → D and 4 detection node A, B,
Machine magnetoimpedance data at C, D, and these data are preserved as benchmark；
B, tested composite plate (3) is detected
B1, ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 removed from standard composite plate (3) be coupling in again it is tested
In composite plate (3)；
B2, by step A2 perform；
B3, by step A3 perform；
B4, by step A4 perform；
C, to detection data carry out analysis calculating
C1, utilize the position damaged in ultrasonic Lamb wave detection composite plate (3) structure
When being measured with supersonic guide-wave method, the position of damage is detected by four classical point circular arc positioning modes；Composite plate (3)
Middle Lamb wave has between a pair of excitation ultrasonic transducers (4) and reception ultrasonic transducer (4) in a plurality of propagation path, but detection
Only the guided wave data on two paths need to be paid close attention to, one is path that direct wave is propagated, i.e. path A → B, and another is by damaging
Hinder source to scatter to up to the path for receiving ultrasonic transducer (4), i.e. path A → d1 → B, wherein d1 is source of damage；Due to not passing through
The direct wave bag for crossing source of damage reflection does not carry damage source information, then receives and believes after the damage that ultrasonic transducer (4) is received
Number damage front signal is subtracted, then obtain the signal containing only damage information, i.e. difference signal；
By analyze difference signal time delay is：
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Using ultrasonic transducer EMAT1 as driving source, using ultrasonic transducer EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 as reception ultrasonic transducer
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<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>D</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mn>13</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>H</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>+</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>D</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>H</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>+</mo>
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mn>3</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>D</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mn>14</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>H</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>+</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>D</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>H</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>+</mo>
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>D</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, cgHBy the distance between excitation ultrasonic transducer (4) and reception ultrasonic transducer (4) d and signal on this path
Propagation time obtain；The coordinate of ultrasonic transducer EMAT1, EMAT2, EMAT3 and EMAT4 in composite plate (3) is respectively
(x1, y1)、(x2, y2)、(x3, y3)、(x4, y4), source of damage coordinate is unknown, is set to (x, y)；Due to ultrasonic transducer (4) coordinate oneself
Know, above three equation contains x, y, cgDThree unknown quantitys, simultaneous formula (2)-(4), obtain source of damage position coordinates (x, y)；
C2, utilize machine magnetoimpedance spectrum fusion ultrasonic guided wave signals identification of damage type and extent
When being measured with supersonic guide-wave method, the presence or absence of damage and positional information, but type, degree for damage have just been obtained
And screw loosening defect can not but know, now, then combined impedance detects to recognize；Different types of defect, composite plate (3)
Mechanical impedance value it is different；Screw is in locking and does not lock under two states, the mechanical impedance of composite plate (3) be also it is different,
Therefore by the different excursion of impedance value, that is, the identification of type of impairment, degree is realized；
After ultrasonic transducer (4) is coupled into one with composite plate (3), the theoretical calculation formula of coupling body total impedance is as follows：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>Z</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>&omega;</mi>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>NdE</mi>
<mi>y</mi>
<mi>H</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mover>
<msubsup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>L</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>&RightArrow;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>+</mo>
<mover>
<msubsup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>&RightArrow;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>Z</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>Z</mi>
<mi>L</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, ZtotalFor the total impedance after ultrasonic transducer (4) and composite plate (3) coupling, R is ultrasonic transducer (4) resistance, ω
For angular frequency, L is ultrasonic transducer (4) inductance, and N is coil turn,For cylindrical mangneto stretchable sheet bottom disc area,For cylindrical mangneto stretchable sheet face of cylinder area, ZmFor ultrasonic transducer (4) mechanical impedance, ZLHindered for composite plate (3) machinery
It is anti-,For the modulus of elasticity under stationary magnetic field, d is piezomagnetic coefficient；
The mechanical impedance Z of composite plate (3)LIt is unable to direct measurement to go out, only couples one with ultrasonic transducer (4) by formula (5)
After body, the mechanical impedance of composite plate (3) is converted to the electrical impedance of coupling body, could be measured by detecting system；
In order to preferably characterize structure change, introduce coefficient correlation CC and analysis meter is carried out to ultrasonic guided wave signals and machine magnetoimpedance spectrum
Calculate；Coefficient correlation CC is the amount of linear correlation degree between research variable, for characterizing the journey of guided wave signals and impedance spectrum change
Degree, the i.e. degree of structure change, are expressed as：
<mrow>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mover>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mover>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
In formula:xi、To have damage data and its average value；yi、For not damaged data and its average value；For more intuitive table
Show the relation between coefficient correlation CC and structural damage, damage index is expressed by following formula：
<mrow>
<mi>D</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mover>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mover>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>&OverBar;</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Data fusion concrete operation step is as follows：
C21, use X1(t) represent to damage the supersonic guide-wave data measured under state, and measure the supersonic guide-wave bag with defect information
Beginning and ending time is respectively t1And t2, in t1To t2N point is averagely taken in time, and records X at n point1(t) value, is averaged and tries to achieveWith Y1(t) the supersonic guide-wave data measured under nondestructive state are represented, are calculated in the same wayUse X2(f) indicate
The machine magnetoimpedance data measured under damage state, f1And f2Start-stop frequency is represented respectively, in f1To f2N point is averagely taken in frequency range, and
Record X at n point2(f) value, is averaged and tries to achieveWith Y2(f) the machine magnetoimpedance data measured under nondestructive state are represented, with same
The mode of sample is calculated
Two obtained class data are substituted into formula (7) to obtain after respective damage index, also need to enter the damage index that 2 kinds of methods are obtained
Row data fusion, draws synthesized damage index；
C22, the damage index for obtaining 2 kinds of methods are merged, it is necessary to which a scale factor, this scale factor should reflect
2 index proportions in synthesized damage index, make 2 indexes be located at the same order of magnitude again；Synthesized damage index meter
In calculation, scale factor is multiplied with the damage index that machine magnetoimpedance method is obtained, makes 2 index equal proportion scalings；Scale factor k's
Expression formula is：
<mrow>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>G</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>DI</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>G</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>/</mo>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>G</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>DI</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>/</mo>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>8</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
In formula:DIGW(i)For the damage index on each path of supersonic guide-wave；nGWFor the number of supersonic guide-wave propagation path；DIEMI(j)
For the damage index at each node of machine magnetoimpedance；nEMIFor the number of machine magnetoimpedance detection node；
C23, set DIGW(1)、DIGW(2)... for the damage index on each propagation path of supersonic guide-wave, DIEMI(1)、DIEMI(2)、
DIEMI(3)... for the damage index at each detection node of machine magnetoimpedance, DI1-1、DI1-2、DI2-1、DI2-2... refer to for complex damage
Number；Then the calculation formula of synthesized damage index is：
<mrow>
<mtable>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>DI</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>DI</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>G</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>kDI</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>DI</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>DI</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>G</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>kDI</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>DI</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>DI</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>G</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>kDI</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>9</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
C24, by obtained synthesized damage index combination frequency and node, three-dimensional column diagram is drawn, by comparing different frequency, no
With the size of synthesized damage index at node, that is, realize type, the degree identification of damage；The excursion of synthesized damage index is
0 to 1, type of impairment, degree are different, and the damage index region of variation drawn is also differed, qualitatively known with the difference of this data
Other defect.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108732210A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-02 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of piezoelectric device fault of construction detection method based on impedance spectrum |
| CN112730613A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-30 | 厦门大学 | Composite board bonding layer performance degradation evaluation method |
| CN113009554A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-22 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司华南分公司 | Method and device for detecting bolt group connection loosening condition based on SH guided waves |
| CN113960171A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-21 | 山东大学 | Damage identification method and system based on ultrasonic guided waves |
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| CN113009554A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-22 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司华南分公司 | Method and device for detecting bolt group connection loosening condition based on SH guided waves |
| CN113960171A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-21 | 山东大学 | Damage identification method and system based on ultrasonic guided waves |
| CN113960171B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-09-23 | 山东大学 | Damage identification method and system based on ultrasonic guided waves |
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