CN107138706A - Metal liquid filling, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique - Google Patents
Metal liquid filling, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN107138706A CN107138706A CN201710311845.6A CN201710311845A CN107138706A CN 107138706 A CN107138706 A CN 107138706A CN 201710311845 A CN201710311845 A CN 201710311845A CN 107138706 A CN107138706 A CN 107138706A
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- pressure
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- sliding block
- plastic flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/08—Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of filling of metal liquid, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, the technique is completed using forging die system, the technique includes:In a Die, liquid or semi-solid-state metal complete to fill type, solidification first under first pressure effect, obtain the blank with formation of parts shape;Applying formed metal after second pressure can force some active modules to produce movement, some die spaces are discharged, while making pre- section of blank realize plastic deformation truly under pressure, formation of parts are finally obtained, wherein, first pressure value is less than second pressure value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of filling of metal liquid, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique.
Background technology
Although liquid forging combines conventional cast, the advantage of forging, but still is the shaping based on solidification, therefore with
The forging that solid die forging is produced in performance compared to a certain distance is remained, and main cause is that amount of plastic deformation is small,
Structural state is not the fine grained texture through deformation.In order to improve the performance of two kinds of forming technique products, some scholars carry in recent years
Go out using base is first cast, then carry out common hot forging, this method is only applicable to simple shape part, and main purpose is section
About material.
In view of above-mentioned defect, the design people is actively subject to research and innovation, to found a kind of metal liquid filling, modeling
Property flowing compound Die Forging technique, make it with more the value in industry.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, being improved it is an object of the invention to provide one kind and accurate control liquid forging product group
Knit metal liquid filling, the Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique of performance.
Metal liquid filling of the present invention, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, for preparing T-shaped part, described technique need to be adopted
Completed with T-shaped part formation system, wherein described T-shaped part formation system includes:Forging die mould, pressure control device, the forging
Mould mould at least include it is T-shaped into component, it is described T-shaped to include into component:Punch-pin, left cavity plate, right cavity plate and left slider, right cunning
Block, presses the hydraulic piston being provided with respectively on described left slider, right sliding block;The described left cunning of the pressure control device control
The movement of block, right sliding block, and realize different speed by adjusting the pressure size of pressure control device;
Described technique at least comprises the following steps:
Forging die mould is preheated, and preheating temperature is 250 DEG C ± 10 DEG C;
Placing temperature is determined according to the liquidus temperature of 6061 aluminium alloys, the metal for being melt into liquid phase is poured into accommodating liquid
In the cavity of 6061 aluminium alloys, liquid metal liquid fills the vertical cylinder of T-shaped part axis, and liquid is carried out at the first pressure and is filled out
Fill, punch pressure, which is less than or equal to, is pressed in left slider, the hydraulic piston on right sliding block, and drift loading velocity is 15mm/s, drift
Continue loading drift after pressurize 20s after the completion of loading, 6061 aluminum alloy solidifications under second pressure, make the metal part solidified
Described left slider, right sliding block is promoted to be displaced outwardly, described left slider, right sliding block are reached behind setting position, are stopped drift and are added
Carry, by be plastically deformed complete two axis horizontals it is not isometrical column part shaping;Wherein, first pressure is less than the second pressure
Power.
Further, the forging die mould includes the backing plate that lower template is fixed on by plug screw in lower template, opposed in institute
The cavity plate fixed cover on backing plate is stated, the left cavity plate, right cavity plate are connected to the cavity plate and fixed by left flange, right flange respectively
Put, the left slider is arranged on the left cavity plate, the right sliding block is arranged on the right sliding block, in described left cunning
Press the hydraulic piston being provided with block, right sliding block respectively, described punch-pin and left cavity plate, right female die single-side gap be 0.06 to
0.1mm;
Also include the punch retainer that cope plate is bolted on cope plate, the punch retainer and cope plate
Between be provided with convex mould pad.
Further, gradient is provided between cavity plate and cavity plate die sleeve.
Further, pressure control device includes:Fuel tank, hydraulic pump, overflow valve, choke valve, reversal valve and hydraulic cylinder;Open
After dynamic, by the pressure of throttle valve adjustment oil pressure, oil cylinder piston movement is driven with differently speed, continued until meeting forcing press
Untill stroke after pressure, pressure control device is controlled left and right two sliding blocks by two oil cylinders.
Further, in addition to fixed connection apparatus, the fixed connection apparatus includes:The retainer ring that parallel spacing is set
And shift(ing) ring, described retainer ring, shift(ing) ring be connected with two guide pillars, and the guide pillar is provided with screw thread, the shift(ing) ring
The guide pillar below the screw thread for being provided with and coordinating in screw thread on the guide pillar in guide pin bushing, the guide pin bushing, the guide pin bushing is arranged with to be provided with
Nut, described shift(ing) ring is got up by two threaded guide pillars and nut support, the hydraulic cylinder of the pressure control device
It is arranged on the shift(ing) ring, the shift(ing) ring by threaded adjusting height, can control center and the forging die mould of hydraulic cylinder
The center of left and right sliding block is in same level height.
Further, T-shaped part formation system also includes:Hydraulic press, heating furnace, temperature controller, temperature of silicon controlled rectifier instrument;Using can
Controlling temperature instrument and open type heating furnace are as heating fusing metal, and the power of open type heating furnace is 10kw, and temperature sensor material is
Nickel chromium triangle-nickel silicon alloy, using 4 Resistant heating moulds;Install porcelain tube, and the parcel fire resisting in heating additional inside and outside resistance wire
Asbestos material reduces the heat exchange of mould and environment;Using the temperature of XMT-101 temperature digital display controller unit Measurement dies, temperature
The measurement range for spending control device is 1-1300 degrees Celsius, and error is less than or equal to 1 degree Celsius;Coil voltage 380V, it is possible to achieve
Overvoltage and overcurrent protection;The hydraulic press is 2000KN liquid-state die forging hydraulic press.
Further, the forging die mould is lubricated using machine oil graphitic lubricant, is 5% by mass fraction
Graphite powder is added in the machine oil that mass fraction is 95%, with spray gun spraying on mold cavity surface, its thickness after uniform stirring
For 0.05-0.1mm.
Further, the first pressure is 10MPa, 20MPa or 30MPa;The T-shaped material into component is
5CrNiMo。
Further, in addition to T-shaped part is solid-solubilized in 525 DEG C of temperature and has been incubated 2 hours, quenched after taking-up, then 175
DEG C timeliness 8 hours, hardness test is carried out to the T-shaped part.
By such scheme, metal liquid filling of the present invention, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique at least have advantages below:
In a Die, liquid metal completes to fill type, solidification first under the effect of lower pressure, obtain with
The close blank of formation of parts shape;Continuing to increase formed metal after pressure can force some active modules to produce movement, release
Some die spaces are released, while making pre- section of blank realize plastic deformation truly under pressure, are finally obtained
Obtain formation of parts.This technology, to improving and accurately controlling liquid and semisolid die forging product structure property significant, is vapour
Car lightweight and heavy-duty machinery, weaponry provide efficient, energy-conservation a near-net-shape using the articles made of aluminium alloy of lightweight 6061
Technology based theoretical.
Described above is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technological means of the present invention,
And can be practiced according to the content of specification, below with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and coordinate accompanying drawing describe in detail as after.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of stamp forging mould of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of pressure control device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of fixed connection apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is hardness-position curve of the invention not under homonymy cylinder pressure;
1- cope plates;2- convex mould pads;3- punch-pin;4- punch retainers;5th, 10,17- bolts;6th, the left and right cavity plates of 9-;
7th, the left and right sliding blocks of 13-;8th, 11- left and right flanges;12- hydraulic pistons;14- cavity plate fixed covers;15- backing plates;16- lower templates;21-
Fuel tank;22- hydraulic pumps;23- overflow valves;24- choke valves;25- reversal valves;26- hydraulic cylinders;31- shift(ing) rings;32- guide pillars;33-
Guide pin bushing;35- retainer rings;36- nuts;37- rotation stops pin is determined.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment to the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is used to illustrate the present invention, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, a kind of metal liquid filling described in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Plastic Flow compound die
Forging process, technique includes:In a Die, liquid or semi-solid-state metal complete to fill under first pressure effect first
Type, solidification, obtain the blank with formation of parts shape;Applying formed metal after second pressure can force some active modules to produce
Raw movement, discharges some die spaces, while the plasticity for making pre- section of blank and realizing under pressure truly becomes
Shape, finally obtains formation of parts, wherein, first pressure value is less than second pressure value.
The simple T-piece of the present embodiment selected shape is as the typical parts of integrated die forging, and liquid or semisolid fill axle
The vertical cylinder of line, two waney column parts of axis horizontal are by plastic deformation after added metal solidification
Into.Liquid is completed during integral forming or semisolid filling completes plastic deformation again, so will to building mortion
Ask higher, it is more complicated.
The present embodiment integration die forging system, including three major parts:Mould part, pressure control device, fixed company
Connection device.Mould part is the main body of building mortion;Pressure control device controls the movement of movable slider, and is pressed by adjusting it
Power size realizes different speed;Fixed connection apparatus is to connect mould and pressure control device and make mould active type
Core is matched properly with hydraulic cylinder.
The main points of mold design are as follows:
(1) in the mold materials liquid and semisolid die forging forming process of formation of parts, formation of parts connects with molten metal
Touch, to absorb substantial amounts of heat, it is thus possible to because temperature is too high and causes intensity decreases, this material for requiring to select has
Certain intensity, heat resistance and corrosion resistance.Appropriate heat treatment is carried out to mould steel to improve hardness, if hardness is not enough, mould
Tool may be damaged.This experiment formation of parts selects 5CrNiMo.
(2) convex, recessed clearance of touching will be suitably.Concave, convex gap is too small, can be because of punch-pin and the rigging error of cavity plate generation
Collide or bite;Excessive, 6061 molten aluminium alloy can then be sprayed by die clearance, 1. cause danger, 2. produce longitudinal overlap,
Reduce pressure effect, 3. hinder moving down for drift, build-up of pressure loss makes forging's block dimension not enough, and aggravates mould damage, makes
Gap is bigger, causes vicious circle.It is that 0.06-0.1mm is more suitable according to the unilateral gap of practical production experience.
(3) demolding structure can not directly eject product because the shape of part is limited using push rod, but need first to eject
Combined die, then combined die is opened take out forging part.Cavity plate is taken out for convenience simultaneously, in cavity plate and cavity plate die sleeve
Between need to design certain gradient.
(4) exhaust molten metal in itself and pours into during die cavity and will carry some gases secretly, if these gases are not arranged
Die cavity, can hinder metal to fill type, and causing to wrap up in gas, outer surface inside forging has bubble depression, has a strong impact on the quality mould of product.One
As under situation, mould will set steam vent.This experiment is no but sets steam vent, but utilizes and pass through clearance between matrix and punch by gas
Discharge.
T-piece shaping dies operation principle:In shaping, molten metal is poured into combined die first, less
Liquid underfill is carried out under the pressure of drift 3, metal gradually solidifies in filling.Now, hydraulic press is less than or equal to the power of drift
Control pressure outside movable slider, so sliding block is remained stationary as, black region is applied in die cavity holding figure.Continue intensified pressure, metal
Blank increases the pressure of movable slider, gradually more than control pressure outside movable slider, and the metal of formed part will be promoted
Sliding block 6,13 is displaced outwardly, and cavity shape produces change, and cavity space becomes big, and the cylinder (φ 50) for now filling formation is produced
Compressive plastic deformation, two horizontal columns (φ 20, φ 30) squeeze sub- shearing large plastometric set by variable diameter angle and formed.
In the present embodiment, (1) changes the control mode of moving core.Original design realizes control using spring, operationally,
One it is possible that failure and pressure increase with core displacement;Two be that control pressure is small;Three are spring element and install annex
Space-consuming is big, and can not obtain big core amount of movement, to realize die size can be made to become very big, therefore can design
A set of hydraulic system replaces original spring.
(2) increase gradient is to reduce the contact area of cavity plate and die sleeve on the outside of cavity plate, and with positioning finger setting, to control
The formation of overlap, and play a part of reducing the ejection resistance after shaping.
Pressure control device is made up of fuel tank, hydraulic pump, overflow valve, choke valve, six parts of reversal valve and hydraulic cylinder, figure
2 be its schematic diagram.After hydraulic system starts, by the pressure of throttle valve adjustment oil pressure, oil cylinder piston is driven with differently speed
It is mobile, untill meeting the stroke after forcing press continues to press.This set system is controlled left and right two cunnings by two oil cylinders
Block, because the right and left face of cylinder diameter is different, suffered pressure is also different, and we can be increased by this set system
More experimental condition changes, so as to more fully be studied integrated swaging technique.
In order to fixed and connection take over a job movable slider control oil hydraulic cylinder with die design auxiliary equipment, as shown in Fig. 3
's.This set auxiliary equipment is made up of two inner and outer diameter identical large circles, by two threaded guide pillars and nut support
Get up.Annulus above can highly make the center of the center of control cylinder and mould movable slider same by threaded adjusting
One level height.Oil hydraulic cylinder is secured on the annulus that this can be moved up and down.
The checking of the T-shaped part structure property of the present invention is carried out by taking 6061 aluminium alloys as an example.
Density and hardness test is carried out to it in T-shaped 5 point interception 10mm × 10mm × 15mm of part sample.1 point is straight
The contact jaw of footpath 30mm sliding blocks, 2 points are the end face with diameter 20mm shoe contacts, and 3 points and 4 points are respectively two various sizes of
Corner, 5 points are the upper surface with punch. contact.
Microstructure conclusion:The influence that the pattern and size of crystal grain are under pressure with deformation direction, near crystal boundary and portion
Divide the pointing object that some black are occurred in that at crystal grain, these pointing object are some precipitated phases, due to Mg in 6061 aluminium alloys
Content is higher, so containing more Mg2Si phases.
Liquid fills forging part density measurement result and analysis
The density of forging is substantially uniform, but there are still certain regularity of distribution:1st, 5 points are and shoe contact position density
It is relatively low, because being the fore-end of extrusion φ 30mm and φ 20mm cylinders, plastic deformation is not participated in during extrusion, is
Solidified structure in the case of pressure is smaller in filling, so tissue is more loose;2nd, 4 points take part in positioned at corner metal and cut
Plastic deformation is cut, density is larger;With main punch. contact position 3, the pressure being subject to is big, similar Upsetting, so material is relatively caused
It is close;Corner is the pressure for having upper metal to transmit, and by the pressure of the both sides obstruction of frozen metal and oil cylinder, density value
It is larger.The change of side cylinder pressure is to 1,3,5 points of affecting laws it is unobvious, but can see the real density of corner and be in pressure
The trend now increased.
The not real density (g/cm3) of homonymy cylinder pressure
Hardness test
First by forging part carry out solid solution+artificial aging T6 be heat-treated, be solid-solubilized in 525 DEG C of temperature be incubated it is 2 small
When, quenched after taking-up, then in 175 DEG C of timeliness 8 hours.
(1) liquid filling forging part hardness test result following table is test force 100N, pressurize 15s Hardness Measurement Results.
From the point of view of the result of measurement, hardness is similar to Density Distribution variation tendency, and it is to influence the weight of material mechanical performance to illustrate consistency
Want one of factor.Side cylinder pressure is nearly free from influence on the position with punch. contact, and the hardness number of 1,2,4,5 positions with
Increased trend is presented in the increase for surveying cylinder pressure.Because corner generates certain plastic deformation, so this is in whole system
Part takes hardness number in a position maximum, particularly smaller diameter end corner, is to understand plastic deformation degree here by metallograph
It is maximum, is coincide substantially with hardness test result.1st, 3,5 points of hardness number is relatively low, because several places of this in shaping are actual
On be that solidification under certain pressure is formed, the result of this and density measure is also consistent.
Hardness test result
The mechanical property of integrated forging part:Liquid filling method forging part mechanical property is obtained to see the table below.
Liquid fills the mechanical property of forging part
Compared with 6061 typical mechanical properties, it is seen that the performance of forging part has all reached the effect of plastic deformation, and liquid is filled
The mechanical property of mold filling forging is suitable with traditional performance.
There is plasticity in forging part in density, the hardness distribution uniform of integrated forging part, forging part microstructure observation
Deformation structure, the mechanical property of liquid filling respectively reaches and exceeded the performance indications of conventional 6061 forging, it was demonstrated that integration
Die forging is feasible, there is application value.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is noted that for this skill
For the those of ordinary skill in art field, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, can also make it is some improvement and
Modification, these improvement and modification also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of metal liquid filling, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, for preparing T-shaped part, it is characterised in that described work
Skill need to be completed using T-shaped part formation system, wherein described T-shaped part formation system includes:Forging die mould, pressure control device,
The forging die mould at least include it is T-shaped into component, it is described T-shaped to include into component:Punch-pin, left cavity plate, right cavity plate and left slider,
Right sliding block, presses the hydraulic piston being provided with respectively on described left slider, right sliding block;Described in the pressure control device control
The movement of left slider, right sliding block, and realize different speed by adjusting the pressure size of pressure control device;
Described technique at least comprises the following steps:
Forging die mould is preheated, and preheating temperature is 250 DEG C ± 10 DEG C;
Placing temperature is determined according to the liquidus temperature of 6061 aluminium alloys, the metal for being melt into liquid phase is poured into the accommodating aluminium of liquid 6061
In the cavity of alloy, liquid metal liquid fills the vertical cylinder of T-shaped part axis, and liquid underfill is carried out at the first pressure, rushes
Head pressure, which is less than or equal to, is pressed in left slider, the hydraulic piston on right sliding block, and drift loading velocity is 15mm/s, and drift has been loaded
Into rear pressurize 20s, continue loading drift after 6061 aluminum alloy solidifications under second pressure, the metal part solidified is promoted institute
Left slider, the right sliding block stated are displaced outwardly, and described left slider, right sliding block are reached behind setting position, are stopped drift loading, are passed through
Plastic deformation completes the shaping of two axis horizontals column part not isometrically;Wherein, first pressure is less than second pressure.
2. metal liquid filling according to claim 1, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, it is characterised in that the forging
Mould mould includes the backing plate that lower template is fixed on by plug screw in lower template, the opposed cavity plate fixed cover on the backing plate, institute
State left cavity plate, right cavity plate to be connected on the cavity plate fixed cover by left flange, right flange respectively, the left slider is arranged on institute
State on left cavity plate, the right sliding block is arranged on the right sliding block, press the liquid being provided with respectively on described left slider, right sliding block
Piston is pressed, described punch-pin and left cavity plate, right female die single-side gap is 0.06 to 0.1mm;
Also include the punch retainer that cope plate is bolted on cope plate, between the punch retainer and cope plate
Provided with convex mould pad.
3. metal liquid filling according to claim 2, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, it is characterised in that in cavity plate
Gradient is provided between cavity plate die sleeve.
4. metal liquid filling according to claim 1, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, it is characterised in that pressure control
Device processed includes:Fuel tank, hydraulic pump, overflow valve, choke valve, reversal valve and hydraulic cylinder;After startup, pass through throttle valve adjustment oil pressure
Pressure, with differently speed drive oil cylinder piston movement, until meet forcing press continue press after stroke untill, pressure control
Device processed is controlled left and right two sliding blocks by two oil cylinders.
5. metal liquid filling according to claim 4, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, it is characterised in that also include
Fixed connection apparatus, the fixed connection apparatus includes:Retainer ring and shift(ing) ring that parallel spacing is set, described retainer ring,
Shift(ing) ring is connected with two guide pillars, and the guide pillar is provided with to be arranged with guide pin bushing, the guide pin bushing on screw thread, the shift(ing) ring and set
There is the guide pillar below the screw thread coordinated in screw thread on the guide pillar, the guide pin bushing to be provided with nut, described shift(ing) ring passes through two
The threaded guide pillar of root and nut support are got up, and the hydraulic cylinder of the pressure control device is arranged on the shift(ing) ring, described
Shift(ing) ring can control the center of hydraulic cylinder and the center of the left and right sliding block of forging die mould in same water by threaded adjusting height
Flat height.
6. metal liquid according to claim 5 filling, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, it is characterised in that T-shaped part into
Type system also includes:Hydraulic press, heating furnace, temperature controller, temperature of silicon controlled rectifier instrument;Using controllable temperature instrument and open type heating furnace as
Fusing metal is heated, the power of open type heating furnace is 10kw, and temperature sensor material is nickel chromium triangle-nickel silicon alloy, using 4 resistance
Silk heating mould;Install porcelain tube additional inside and outside resistance wire, and wrap up the asbestos material of fire resisting to reduce mould and environment in heating
Heat exchange;Using the temperature of XMT-101 temperature digital display controller unit Measurement dies, the measurement range of temperature control equipment is 1-
1300 degrees Celsius, error is less than or equal to 1 degree Celsius;Coil voltage 380V, it is possible to achieve overvoltage and overcurrent protection;The liquid
Press is 2000KN liquid-state die forging hydraulic press.
7. metal liquid filling according to claim 1, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, it is characterised in that use machine
Oily graphitic lubricant is lubricated to the forging die mould, and the graphite powder for being 5% by mass fraction is added to mass fraction and is
In 95% machine oil, with spray gun spraying on mold cavity surface after uniform stirring, its thickness is 0.05-0.1mm.
8. metal liquid according to claim 1 filling, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, it is characterised in that described the
One pressure is 10MPa, 20MPa or 30MPa;The T-shaped material into component is 5CrNiMo.
9. metal liquid filling according to claim 1, Plastic Flow compound Die Forging technique, it is characterised in that also include
T-shaped part is solid-solubilized in 525 DEG C of temperature and has been incubated 2 hours, is quenched after taking-up, then in 175 DEG C of timeliness 8 hours, to the T-shaped part
Carry out hardness test.
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Citations (5)
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JPS51126330A (en) * | 1975-04-28 | 1976-11-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Direct forging method |
JPH02229660A (en) * | 1989-03-02 | 1990-09-12 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | Method and device for pressure casting |
JP3167854B2 (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 2001-05-21 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Pressure casting method and pressure casting apparatus for aluminum alloy |
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CN103990775A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-20 | 支前明 | Metal extruding, casting and forging forming method and products of method |
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2017
- 2017-05-05 CN CN201710311845.6A patent/CN107138706A/en active Pending
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JPS51126330A (en) * | 1975-04-28 | 1976-11-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Direct forging method |
JPH02229660A (en) * | 1989-03-02 | 1990-09-12 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | Method and device for pressure casting |
JP3167854B2 (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 2001-05-21 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Pressure casting method and pressure casting apparatus for aluminum alloy |
CN101693291A (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2010-04-14 | 重庆工商大学 | Metal material forming die |
CN103990775A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-20 | 支前明 | Metal extruding, casting and forging forming method and products of method |
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