CN106851587A - Identical networking base station synchronization sends the method and system of data - Google Patents
Identical networking base station synchronization sends the method and system of data Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106851587A CN106851587A CN201510883314.5A CN201510883314A CN106851587A CN 106851587 A CN106851587 A CN 106851587A CN 201510883314 A CN201510883314 A CN 201510883314A CN 106851587 A CN106851587 A CN 106851587A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- packet
- base station
- contract
- project
- time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
- H04W56/002—Mutual synchronization
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the method and system that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization sends data.The method includes：Access gateway determines that the unified starting of each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, and the unified starting is given out a contract for a project inserts packet constantly；The access gateway sends the packet successively to each base station；Each base station receives the packet, is given out a contract for a project constantly by eating dishes without rice or wine to send the packet according to the unified starting.Using the above method, it is ensured that the packet synchronisation of all base stations sends.
Description
Technical field
Data are sent the present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, more particularly to a kind of identical networking base station synchronization
Method and system.
Background technology
With the technology development and the diversification of customer service demand of mobile network, realize in a mobile network many
The demand of media broadcast and multicast service is increasingly apparent.However, generally using point-to-point in active wireless network
Dedicated Traffic Channel mode service is provided, if the very big multimedia broadcasting demand of portfolio to be realized
Situations such as excessive Radio Resource occupancy, cost too high, dimension-limited occurs, accordingly, it would be desirable to by net
The same broadcast mode of each base station common business signal meets multimedia broadcasting and multicast service demand in network, with
To reach take less as far as possible Radio Resource and reduce switching and cause the purpose of out of service time.
In extensive identical networking, collect group due to the characteristic of its shared channel theaomni-directional transmission, each base station
Under the shared channel that takes of collection group must force to avoid, therefore same group of base stations needs under each base station
Multiple gourp sharing channel is taken, when causing same frequency large-scale network-estabilishing, cluster pool-size drastically declines, and used
Each base station shares the same broadcast mode of DSCH Downlink Shared Channel in network, that is, take the same of same temporal frequency resource
Broadcast mode, then can very well solve the problems, such as that cluster pool-size declines during extensive identical networking.
In realizing multimedia broadcast multi-broadcasting business, particularly identical networking in broadband multimedia cluster system
Base station provide multicast broadcast multimedia service when, cooperation between base stations are bad, cause can not same time,
Identical data are sent using identical frequency resource and identical modulating-coding, i.e., data are not between each base station
Can synchronized transmission.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method of identical networking base station synchronization transmission data and is
System, to solve during identical networking in the prior art, data are unable to the technical problem of synchronized transmission between each base station.
In a first aspect, a kind of method that identical networking base station synchronization sends data is the embodiment of the invention provides,
Including：
Access gateway determines that the unified starting of each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, and is given out a contract for a project in the unified starting fill out constantly
Enter packet；
The access gateway sends the packet to each base station；
Each base station receives the packet, is given out a contract for a project according to the unified starting and send institute by eating dishes without rice or wine constantly
State packet.
Second aspect, what the embodiment of the present invention additionally provided that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization sends data is
System, including access gateway and at least two base stations, wherein：
The access gateway, the unified starting for determining each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, and will be described unified initial
Give out a contract for a project and insert packet constantly；The packet is sent to each base station；
At least two base station, for receiving the packet, gives out a contract for a project according to the unified starting and lead to constantly
Cross and eat dishes without rice or wine to send the packet.
A kind of identical networking base station synchronization provided in an embodiment of the present invention sends the method and system of data, passes through
Access gateway determines that the unified starting of each base station in networking is given out a contract for a project the moment, and the unified starting is given out a contract for a project the moment
Packet is inserted, and is sent to each base station.Each base station receives the packet, the unification in packet
Starting is given out a contract for a project constantly by eating dishes without rice or wine to send the packet.Using the above method and system, it is ensured that with frequency
Each base station synchronization in networking sends packet.
Brief description of the drawings
The detailed description made to non-limiting example made with reference to the following drawings by reading, the present invention
Other features, objects and advantages will become more apparent upon：
Fig. 1 is the stream of the method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided sends data
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 2 is the stream of the method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention two is provided sends data
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the method for the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of each base station of correction that the embodiment of the present invention two is provided；
Fig. 4 is the stream of the method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention three is provided sends data
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 5 is that the access gateway that the embodiment of the present invention three is provided determines that maximum is given out a contract for a project time delay, processing delay and the
One flow chart of the method for packet delivery time；
Fig. 6 is showing for the method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention four is provided sends data
It is intended to；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the multimedia broadcast multicast packet that the embodiment of the present invention four is provided；
Fig. 8 is the knot of the system that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention five is provided sends data
Composition.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It is understood that this
The described specific embodiment in place is used only for explaining the present invention, rather than limitation of the invention.Also need in addition
It is noted that for the ease of description, part related to the present invention is illustrate only in accompanying drawing and it is not all in
Hold.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 is the stream of the method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided sends data
Cheng Tu.As shown in figure 1, the method is specifically included：
S110, access gateway determine that the unified starting of each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, and the unified starting is given out a contract for a project
Moment inserts packet.
Exemplary, unified starting is given out a contract for a project constantly for each base station starts to send the moment of packet, during to preset
Between unit time numerical value.Preferably, it is constantly time with 10ms as chronomere that unified starting is given out a contract for a project
Numerical value, the time numerical value is no more than 32.The packet is multimedia broadcast multi-cast service data bag.
The unified starting is given out a contract for a project and inserts packet constantly, in preferably inserting the packet header of packet.
S120, the access gateway send the packet to each base station.
Exemplary, access gateway will be inserted the give out a contract for a project packet sequence at moment of unified starting and be sent to each described
Base station.
S130, each base station receive the packet, are given out a contract for a project constantly by eating dishes without rice or wine according to the unified starting
Send the packet.
Exemplary, after each base station receives packet, packet is parsed, preferably logarithm
Parsed according to the packet header of bag.Obtain the unified starting in packet to give out a contract for a project after the moment, each base station is according to unification
Starting is given out a contract for a project constantly by eating dishes without rice or wine to send the packet.
The method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided sends data, by accessing
Gateway determines that the unified starting of each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, and is inserted packet, by packet hair
Deliver to each base station, each base station receives packet, and given out a contract for a project according to the unified starting and pass through constantly
Eat dishes without rice or wine to send the packet.Using the above method, it is ensured that each base station synchronization sends packet, more preferably
Realize multimedia broadcast multi-broadcasting business.
Embodiment two
Fig. 2 is a kind of stream of the method transmission data of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention two is provided
Cheng Tu.The present embodiment be increased on the basis of embodiment one each base station of correction eat dishes without rice or wine frame number the step of, it is and excellent
Each base station is changed and has received the packet, given out a contract for a project according to the unified starting and send institute by eating dishes without rice or wine constantly
The step of stating packet.As shown in Fig. 2 the method comprising the steps of S210- steps 220：
S210, each base station obtain global positioning system (Global Positioning according to prefixed time interval
System, GPS) absolute time, and each base station corrected according to the absolute time eat dishes without rice or wine frame number.
Exemplary, each base station obtains time of GPS as absolute time according to prefixed time interval, in advance
If time interval can be set according to actual conditions.Such as each base station obtains the absolute of GPS every 30s
Time.Each base station corrects the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of each base station according to the absolute time for obtaining.Fig. 3 is implemented for the present invention
The flow chart of the method for the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of each base station of correction that example two is provided.As shown in figure 3, S210 is specific
Including step S211- steps 214：
The absolute time of S211, the Internet interval acquiring GPS to schedule of each base station.
It is exemplary, the absolute time of the Internet of each base station interval acquiring GPS to schedule, absolutely
To the time in units of 1S, for example, 02 day 01 month 13 points 08 second 02 minute.
S212, the time numerical value that the absolute time is converted into Preset Time unit.
Exemplary, after obtaining absolute time, the absolute time is converted into time numerical value, time numerical value
Preset Time unit can be set according to actual conditions, for example, can be in units of 10ms, 100ms
It is that unit or 1s are unit, when with 10ms as unit, obtains absolute time 01 month 02 day 13: 02
08 second corresponding time numerical value is divided to be 133212800.After being converted into time numerical value, time numerical value is sent to
Data link layer.
S213, the data link layer of each base station obtain the time numerical value.
Preferably, the data link layer of each base station obtains the time numerical value in units of 10ms.
S214, frame number of being eated dishes without rice or wine to the base station according to the time numerical value are corrected.
Exemplary, base station frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine is the newest frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine in base station, and the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine is according to default
Chronomere changes, and specifically shifting gears can be set with Preset Time unit according to actual conditions.Respectively
After the data link layer of base station receives time numerical value, newest frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine is calibrated.For example, eating dishes without rice or wine
In units of 10ms, gps time adjusts numerical value to frame number to more than the second level of frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine being adjusted
It is 100 integral multiple；Less than 100 frame number counts the starting point for ensureing the second by hardware by each base station
Unanimously, as base station data link layer remembers that frame number digital-to-analogue 100 is 0 since second starting point, so each base station
Second within frame number count certain identical.Specifically, the corresponding time numerical value of GPS absolute times is
133212800, the newest frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine in base station is 133222880, then correct the newest frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine in base station
It is 133212880.Because the GPS absolute times that each base station obtains are identical, therefore each base station after correction
Frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine is identical.Certainly, adjustment of the GPS to frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine can also as the case may be set as second level
Following.After correction is finished, the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of each base station according to original Preset Time Unit alteration, preferably,
In units of 10ms, the data link layer of each base station is interrupted once every 10ms, is eated dishes without rice or wine when interrupting every time
Frame number adds 1, i.e., current frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine is 133212860, then after interrupting once, frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine is changed into
133212861.Preferably, not super many 32 of the digit of the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine.After the correction of each base station
Frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine is identical, and all interrupts in the same time interval so that the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of each base station is consistent.
S220, each base station receive the packet, determine that the unified starting is given out a contract for a project moment corresponding sky
Mouth frame number, and start to send the packet in the corresponding radio frames of frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine.
Exemplary, each base station receives packet, determines that the moment of giving out a contract for a project of the unified starting in packet is corresponding
Eat dishes without rice or wine frame number.The radio frames of each base station are counted by eating dishes without rice or wine frame number.When the frame of eating dishes without rice or wine that each base station is newest
Number being changed into unifying starting moment of giving out a contract for a project corresponding eats dishes without rice or wine to start to send packet during frame number.
Preferably, before each base station receives the packet, access gateway determines the unification of each base station
Starting is given out a contract for a project the moment, the unified starting is given out a contract for a project and inserts the timestamp field of packet header constantly.
Exemplary, the unified starting of access gateway determination was given out a contract for a project after the moment, and the unified starting is given out a contract for a project the moment
Insert the timestamp field of packet header.Timestamp field is a character string, for unique mark
The time at one moment.The unified starting inserted moment corresponding character string of giving out a contract for a project can be entered according to actual conditions
Row setting.
Further, the Internet of each base station receives the packet, and sends to data link layer.
Further, the data link layer parses the packet header of the packet, if the state section in the packet header
It is the first field, then the unified starting for obtaining timestamp field in the packet header is given out a contract for a project the moment.
Exemplary, state section is the field in packet header for presentation data bag-like state, specific field length with
And form can be set according to actual conditions, for example, it is significant figure to set 11 expression packet states
According to bag, 10 presentation data bag-like states are synchronization request bag, and 01 represents that packet state is sync response bag.
When state section is for the first field, show that the packet includes valid data, it is necessary to pass through the sky of each base station
Mouth sends.When the data link layer of each base station parses the header data of packet, if the state section in packet header is
First field, the then unified starting for obtaining timestamp field in packet header is given out a contract for a project the moment.
Further, being given out a contract for a project corresponding frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of determine constantly according to the unified starting, eated dishes without rice or wine described
The corresponding radio frames of frame number are by eating dishes without rice or wine to start to send the packet.
Exemplary, after the data link layer of each base station obtains the unified moment of giving out a contract for a project, determine corresponding frame of eating dishes without rice or wine
Number, in the radio frames and consistent unified moment corresponding frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of giving out a contract for a project of each base station, the network of each base station
Layer is by eating dishes without rice or wine to start to send the packet.
The method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention two is provided sends data, each base station leads to
The absolute time for obtaining GPS is crossed, and the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of each base station is corrected according to the absolute time, when each
Base station obtain packet in unification give out a contract for a project moment corresponding frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine it is consistent with each base station radio frame when, open
Begin to send packet by eating dishes without rice or wine.Using the above method, each base can be ensured by the absolute time of GPS
The wireless frame timing stood is consistent, and then ensure that each base station can meet multi-media broadcast with synchronized transmission packet
Broadcast multicast service demand.
Embodiment three
Fig. 4 is the stream of the method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention three is provided sends data
Cheng Tu.The present embodiment optimizes access gateway and determines that the unification of each base station is given out a contract for a project on the basis of embodiment one
The step of moment.As shown in figure 4, the method specifically includes step S310- steps 350：
S310, access gateway determine that maximum is given out a contract for a project time delay, processing delay and first packet delivery time.
It is exemplary, time delay of giving out a contract for a project be access gateway since packet is sent to target BS, to receiving
It is time untill the packet of target BS feedback, different with the time of feedback due to sending, therefore each base station
Time delay of giving out a contract for a project it is different, take maximum and give out a contract for a project time delay as maximum.Processing delay is that access gateway sends first
The moment of individual packet starts the time to the packet moment for receiving last base station feedback.The
One packet is given out a contract for a project constantly as the unification of each base station sends first moment of packet, and data are received by base station
The difference that the moment of bag subtracts the moment that access gateway sends packet is determined.Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the present invention three
The access gateway of offer determines that give out a contract for a project time delay, processing delay and first packet of maximum is given out a contract for a project the method at moment
Flow chart.As shown in figure 5, S310 specifically includes step S311- steps 314：
S311, access gateway determine to send giving out a contract for a project the time for packet to each base station, and give out a contract for a project described the time
Timestamp field in corresponding packet header is inserted, and corresponding data are sent according to the time of giving out a contract for a project
Bag.
Exemplary, access gateway has corresponding frame number, the frame number according to Preset Time Unit alteration,
Specifically shifting gears can be set with Preset Time unit according to actual conditions, preferably every 10ms
Frame number adds 1, and of length no more than 32 of frame number.Access gateway determines to send giving out a contract for a project for packet to each base station
Time, it is preferred that the time of giving out a contract for a project is corresponding frame number when access gateway sends packet.Access gateway
After the time of giving out a contract for a project for determining each packet, inserted the timestamp word of the packet header time of giving out a contract for a project
Section, and when the current frame number frame number corresponding with the time of giving out a contract for a project of access gateway is consistent, send packet to mesh
Mark base station.For example, access gateway sends the time of giving out a contract for a project of packet for Ts to each base stationn, wherein n is right
The numbering of the target BS answered, it is assumed that have m target BS, the then data that access gateway is recorded successively
Bag gives out a contract for a project the time for Ts1、Ts2……Tsm-1And Tsm。
S312, each base station receive the packet, and record receives packet time, and judges the number
Whether it is synchronization request bag according to bag, if synchronization request bag, then sync response bag is constructed, by the reception number
The sync response bag is inserted according to bag time and the difference of the time of giving out a contract for a project, and is sent to the access network
Close.
Exemplary, after each base station receives packet, judge whether the packet is synchronization request bag, it is excellent
Elect the state section for judging the whether corresponding synchronization request bag of state section in the packet header as, if correspondence,
Corresponding sync response bag is constructed, the reception packet time is inserted into institute with the difference of the time of giving out a contract for a project
Packet is stated, and is sent to the access gateway.
Further, the Internet of each base station receives the packet, and the packet is sent to number
According to link layer.
Further, the data link layer obtains packet, and records reception packet time, while right
The packet header of the packet is parsed.
Exemplary, the data link layer of each base station obtains packet, and records reception packet time, excellent
Choosing, corresponding frame number as reception packet time of eating dishes without rice or wine when base station is received into packet.For example, it is assumed that
TbsnRepresent the time of the reception packet of nth base station record, common m base station, then each base station record
Reception packet time be followed successively by：Tbs1、Tbs2……Tbsm-1And Tbsm.While the record time,
The packet header of packet of the data link layer of each base station also to receiving parses.
Further, if state section is the second field in the packet header, judge that the packet is asked for synchronous
Seek bag.
Exemplary, when the state section in packet header is the second field, then show that the packet for receiving is
Synchronization request bag.The field length and field format of second field can be set according to actual conditions
It is fixed.
Further, the difference of the reception packet time and the transmission time is asked for, and by the difference
Value inserts the timestamp field in the packet header, while changing the fields of state Duan Wei tri-, constitutes synchronous
Response bag.
Exemplary, if the packet is synchronization request bag, the data link layer of each base station obtains data
Timestamp field is given out a contract for a project the time in bag packet header, and the reception packet time of record is subtracted into the time of giving out a contract for a project,
Difference is obtained, the difference is inserted into timestamp field, preferably inserting the timestamp word of time of giving out a contract for a project
A newly-built timestamp field inserts the difference after section, and the specific length and form of newly-built timestamp field can
Set with according to actual conditions.For example, TbsnRepresent nth base station record reception packet when
Between, TsnBe that access gateway sends packet and gives out a contract for a project the time to nth base station, then nth base station when
Between difference TCn=Tbsn-Tsn.After difference is inserted, the second field of state section is changed to the 3rd field, repaiied
After the completion of changing, packet is changed into sync response bag.The field length and field format of the 3rd field can be with
Set according to actual conditions.
Further, the sync response bag is sent to the Internet, is sent to institute by the Internet
State access gateway.
Exemplary, after the data link layer of each base station constitutes sync response bag, by sync response bag hair
Internet is delivered to, is sent to access gateway by Internet.
S313, the access gateway receive the sync response bag of each base station feedback, record same successively
Step response bag receives the time, and obtains the difference.
Exemplary, after access gateway receives the sync response bag of each base station feedback, each synchronous sound is recorded successively
The reception time that should be wrapped.Assuming that it is Te that sync response bag receives the timen, wherein, n is that each base station is corresponding
Numbering, have m base station, then access gateway record m base station sync response bag reception the time be：
Te1、Te2……Tem-1And Tem.After the recording synchronism response bag reception time, the difference is obtained, preferably
It is the difference T in second timestamp field in acquisition sync response bag packet headerCn。
S314, give out a contract for a project the time and the sync response bag reception time determines that maximum is given out a contract for a project time delay and treatment according to described
Time delay, first packet delivery time is determined according to the difference.
Exemplary, time-delay calculation of giving out a contract for a project method is the sync response of the target BS feedback of access gateway record
The bag reception time subtracts the corresponding transmission time, and maximum time delay of giving out a contract for a project is to take each base station to give out a contract for a project the maximum of time delay
Give out a contract for a project time delay as maximum.Processing delay computational methods are last sync response bag of access gateway record
The reception time subtracts the time that first packet of record sends.First packet delivery time calculating side
Method is that access gateway setting sends the transmission time of packet plus difference.It is assumed that DnRepresent access gateway meter
The corresponding time delay of giving out a contract for a project of the nth base station of calculation, TenIt is the nth base station sync response of access gateway record
Bag reception time, TsnIt is the transmission time that packet is sent to nth base station of access gateway record, TCn
It is the time difference of nth base station, TFnFor access gateway sets the hair that packet is sent to nth base station
Send time, common m base station.Then D1=Te1-Ts1、D2=Te2-Ts2... ..., Dm=Tem-Tsm。DMAX=max
(D1、D2……Dm), wherein DMAXFor maximum is given out a contract for a project time delay.Ttx=Tem-Ts1, wherein TtxIt is treatment
Time delay.T=TCn+TFn, T is the packet delivery time of each base station first.
S320, time delay of being given out a contract for a project according to the maximum, processing delay and first packet delivery time determine respectively
The unified starting of base station is given out a contract for a project the moment.
It is exemplary, it is assumed that unified starting is given out a contract for a project moment Tb, then Tb=T+DMAX+ Δ T, wherein, T is
First packet delivery time, DMAXFor maximum is given out a contract for a project time delay, Δ T=Ttx+Δ+Tdeal, wherein Ttx
It is processing delay, Δ is the time delay surplus of access gateway estimation, can be set according to actual conditions, Tdeal
It is the time delay that access gateway is estimated according to the data pack receiving and transmitting situation of each base station, by DMAX、TtxAnd Tdelta
Determine, TdeltaFor access gateway itself adjusts time delay, can be set according to actual conditions.
S330, the unified starting is given out a contract for a project and inserts packet constantly.
S340, the access gateway send the packet to each base station.
S350, each base station receive the packet, are given out a contract for a project constantly by eating dishes without rice or wine according to the unified starting
Send the packet.
The method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention three is provided sends data, by accessing
Gateway obtains give out a contract for a project time delay, processing delay and first packet delivery time of maximum and determines the unification of each base station
Starting is given out a contract for a project the moment, and is inserted and send after packet to each base station, after each base station receives packet, according to number
Give out a contract for a project according to the unified starting in bag and send packet by eating dishes without rice or wine constantly.Using the above method, can be accurate
Determine that the unified starting of each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, it is to avoid set constantly long or too short cause because is given out a contract for a project in unification
The wasting of resources, while ensure that the packet of each base station can meet multimedia broadcasting many with synchronized transmission
Broadcast the demand of business.
Example IV
Fig. 6 is showing for the method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention four is provided sends data
It is intended to.The present embodiment increased the restriction to record field in packet header on the basis of embodiment one.
The packet header of the packet also includes：Record field, the record field records the access gateway to each
Base station sends the byte number of packet.As described in Figure 6, the method is specifically included：
S410, the base station parse the packet, and the access gateway has been determined according to the record field
The byte number of packet is sent, the first quantitative value is calculated as.
Exemplary, the record field in the packet header have recorded access gateway and send packet to each base station
Byte number, length is 32 bits, can record 0 to (232- 1) byte number, preferably by access gateway to each
The byte number that base station has sent is converted into during corresponding Serial No. charges to the record field.For example, accessing
Gateway all sends the packet of 53000 bytes to each base station, then record field records 53000 byte numbers correspondence
Serial No..The data link layer of the base station parses the packet header of the packet, word will be recorded in packet header
The byte number of segment record is calculated as the first quantitative value.
If the packet transport-type is data message, first packet header that access gateway sends
Record field fill out 0, for i-th packet, it is assumed that the byte number that record field is inserted in packet header be xi,
The length of packet is Li, then the byte number that the record field of i+1 packet header is inserted is
xi+1=xi+ceil((Li+ 6)/10) × 12, wherein data access controls service data unit head for 4 bytes,
CRC is 2 bytes, and is 6 bytes, and the pure load of access gateway packet is 10 bytes,
Access gateway packet is 12 bytes.
If the packet transport-type is voice messaging, first packet header that access gateway sends
Record field fill out 0, for i-th packet, it is assumed that the byte number that record field is inserted in packet header be xi,
The length of packet is LI,The byte number that then record field of i+1 packet header is inserted is
xi+1=xi+ceil(Li/ 10) × 12, wherein, the pure load of access gateway packet is 10 bytes, access gateway
Packet is 12 bytes.
S420, base station record have passed through the byte number for eating dishes without rice or wine to send packet, are calculated as the second quantitative value.
Exemplary, each base station can also record eats dishes without rice or wine to have sent the byte number of packet by correspondence, for example,
One base station has passed through the packet for eating dishes without rice or wine to send 52980 bytes, then record the corresponding numeral of 52980 bytes
Sequence is the second quantitative value.
First quantitative value described in S430, comparing and the second quantitative value, if second quantitative value is less than the first number
Value, it is determined that the packet that the access gateway sends does not all arrive at the base station, the base station pause
Send packet；If second quantitative value is equal to the first quantitative value, it is determined that what the access gateway sent
Packet all arrives at the base station, and the base station continues to send packet.
Exemplary, compare the first quantitative value and the second quantitative value, if the second quantitative value is less than the first quantitative value,
Then determine access gateway be sent to the packet of base station not all by base station eat dishes without rice or wine send, i.e. data
Bag does not all arrive at base station, there occurs packet loss event, and the base station pause that packet loss now occurs sends packet,
Deng eat dishes without rice or wine frame number and the unified starting of data to be sent to base station give out a contract for a project the moment it is identical when, send number to be sent
According to bag.If the second quantitative value is equal to the first quantitative value, it is determined that the packet that access gateway is sent to base station is complete
Portion by base station eat dishes without rice or wine send, i.e., packet all arrives at base station, without occur packet loss event, this
Shi Jizhan continues to send packet.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the multimedia broadcast multicast packet that the embodiment of the present invention four is provided.As schemed
Shown in 7, multimedia broadcast multicast packet includes：Destination address (Call ID), 2 bytes record target base
Station address；Voice frame type (CodecFrame), maximum is no more than 4 bits, if packet transmission voice
Data, then record the voice frame type of voice packet；Burst quantity (Number), higher than 3 bits, if number
According to bag transmitting audio data, then the quantity relative to chronomere's voice packet fragmentation is recorded；Flag, 1 ratio
Spy, if packet transmitting audio data, it indicates that whether there is G729B mute frames；User speech bag sequence number
(SN), 1 byte, if packet transmitting audio data, records the voice packet sequence number of user；Safety is real
When host-host protocol timestamp (TimeStamp_SRTP), 1 byte, each base station is real-time security according to upper one
Timestamp, burst quantity and flag bit in transmission protocol package add the Security Real Time Protocol of notebook data bag
Timestamp；Data segment (Data), size is set according to actual conditions, for load data bag；Together
Broadcast reserved field (Rev), 6 bits, for the extension of packet；State section (STATU), 2 bits,
Record data bag-like state；Timestamp field (TimeStamp), 4 bytes represent a certain particular moment；Note
Record field (ElapsedByteCnt), 4 bytes have sent the byte number of packet for recording access gateway.
The method that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention four is provided sends data, each base station solution
Record field in analysis packet header, obtains the first quantitative value, and the record field is to record the access
Gateway has sent the byte number of packet to each base station.Each base station record pass through to eat dishes without rice or wine the packet of transmission
Byte number is the second quantitative value, by comparing the first quantitative value and the second quantitative value, it can be determined that in packet
Whether there is packet loss event in transmitting procedure and process in time, can preferably realize the same of each base station data bag
Step sends, and then preferably realizes multimedia broadcast multi-broadcasting business demand.
Embodiment five
Fig. 8 is the knot of the system that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention five is provided sends data
Composition.As shown in figure 8, the system includes：The base station 82 of access gateway 81 and at least two, wherein：
The access gateway 81, the unified starting for determining each base station 82 is given out a contract for a project the moment, and by the system
Originate together bag the moment insert packet；The packet is sent to each base station 82.
At least two base station 82, for receiving the packet, gives out a contract for a project the moment according to the unified starting
The packet is sent by eating dishes without rice or wine.
Each base station 82 is additionally operable to：The absolute of global position system GPS is obtained according to prefixed time interval
Time, and each base station is corrected according to the absolute time eat dishes without rice or wine frame number；After receiving the packet, it is determined that
The unified starting is given out a contract for a project moment corresponding frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine, and starts hair in the corresponding radio frames of frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine
Send the packet.
Further, each base station 82 specifically for：It is spaced to schedule and is obtained by Internet
The absolute time of GPS；The absolute time is converted into the time numerical value of Preset Time unit；By data
Link layer obtains the time numerical value；Frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine is corrected according to the time numerical value.
Preferably, access gateway 81 specifically for：Determine that the unified starting of each base station 82 is given out a contract for a project the moment, will
The unified starting is given out a contract for a project and inserts the timestamp field of packet header constantly；
Accordingly, each base station 82 specifically for：The packet is received by the Internet, and
Send to data link layer；The packet header of the packet is parsed by the data link layer, if the packet header
State section be the first field, then the unified starting for obtaining timestamp field in the packet header gives out a contract for a project the moment；Root
Giving out a contract for a project corresponding frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of determine constantly according to the unified starting, in the corresponding radio frames of the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine
By the Internet eat dishes without rice or wine start to send the packet.
Further, access gateway 81 specifically for：Time delay, processing delay and first it is determined that maximum is given out a contract for a project
Individual packet delivery time；According to the maximum give out a contract for a project time delay, processing delay and first packet send when
Carve and determine that the unified starting of each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment.
Preferably, access gateway 81 is additionally operable to：It is determined that giving out a contract for a project the time for packet is sent to each base station 82,
The time of giving out a contract for a project is inserted the timestamp field of corresponding packet header, and is sent out according to the time of giving out a contract for a project
Send corresponding packet；The sync response bag of each feedback of the base station 82 is received, successively recording synchronism
Response bag receives the time, and obtains the difference；Given out a contract for a project time and sync response bag reception time according to described
Time delay and processing delay it is determined that maximum is given out a contract for a project, first packet delivery time is determined according to the difference.
Accordingly, each base station 82 is additionally operable to：The packet is received, record receives packet time,
And judge whether the packet is synchronization request bag, if synchronization request bag, then sync response bag is constructed,
The reception packet time and the difference of the time of giving out a contract for a project are inserted into the sync response bag, and is sent extremely
The access gateway 81.
Further, each base station 82 specifically for：The packet is received by the Internet,
The packet is sent to data link layer；Packet is obtained by data link layer, and records reception number
According to the bag time, while being parsed to the packet header of the packet；If state section is the second word in the packet header
Section, then judge that the packet is synchronization request bag；When asking for the reception packet time with the transmission
Between difference, and the difference is inserted into the timestamp field in the packet header, while changing the state section
It is the 3rd field, constitutes sync response bag；The sync response bag is sent to the Internet, by described
Internet is sent to the access gateway 81.
Preferably, the packet header of the packet also includes：Record field, connects described in record field record
Function Access Gateway 81 has sent the byte number of packet to each base station 82.
Accordingly, each base station 82 specifically for：The packet is parsed, according to the record field
Determine that the access gateway 81 has sent the byte number of packet, be calculated as the first quantitative value；Record has passed through
Eat dishes without rice or wine send packet byte number, be calculated as the second quantitative value；Compare first quantitative value and the second quantity
Value, if second quantitative value is less than the first quantitative value, it is determined that the data that the access gateway 81 sends
Bao Wei all arrives at the base station 82, and the pause of the base station 82 sends packet；If second quantitative value
Equal to the first quantitative value, it is determined that the packet that the access gateway 81 sends all arrives at the base station 82,
Continue to send packet in the base station 82.
Preferably, the packet is multimedia broadcast multi-cast service data bag.
The embodiment of the present invention five provides the system that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization sends data, and access gateway is true
The unified starting of fixed each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, is given out a contract for a project in the unified starting and insert constantly in packet and send
To each base station, each base station to be given out a contract for a project start constantly and sends the packet according to unified starting.Using said system,
Can ensure that each base station synchronization sends packet, and then better meet multimedia broadcast multi-broadcasting business demand.
The system that the identical networking base station synchronization that the embodiment of the present invention is provided sends data is used to perform this hair
The method that the identical networking base station synchronization that bright embodiment is provided sends data, possesses corresponding function and beneficial effect
Really.
Note, above are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and institute's application technology principle.Those skilled in the art
It will be appreciated that the invention is not restricted to specific embodiment described here, can enter for a person skilled in the art
The various obvious changes of row, readjust and substitute without departing from protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, though
The present invention is described in further detail by above example so, but the present invention be not limited only to
Upper embodiment, without departing from the inventive concept, can also include more other Equivalent embodiments,
And the scope of the present invention is determined by scope of the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of method that identical networking base station synchronization sends data, it is characterised in that including：
Access gateway determines that the unified starting of each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, and is given out a contract for a project in the unified starting fill out constantly
Enter packet；
The access gateway sends the packet to each base station；
Each base station receives the packet, is given out a contract for a project according to the unified starting and send institute by eating dishes without rice or wine constantly
State packet.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include：
Each base station obtains the absolute time of global position system GPS, and root according to prefixed time interval
Each base station is corrected according to the absolute time to eat dishes without rice or wine frame number；
Accordingly, each base station receives the packet, is given out a contract for a project constantly by sky according to the unified starting
Mouth sends the packet to be included：
Each base station receives the packet, determines that the unified starting is given out a contract for a project moment corresponding frame of eating dishes without rice or wine
Number, and start to send the packet in the corresponding radio frames of frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that each base station is according to Preset Time
The absolute time of interval acquiring GPS, and each base station frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine is corrected according to the absolute time include：
The absolute time of the Internet of each base station interval acquiring GPS to schedule；
The absolute time is converted into the time numerical value of Preset Time unit；
The data link layer of each base station obtains the time numerical value；
It is corrected according to time numerical value frame number of being eated dishes without rice or wine to the base station.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that access gateway determines the system of each base station
The bag moment is originated together, and packet of insert constantly that being given out a contract for a project in the unified starting includes：
Access gateway determines that the unified starting of each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, is given out a contract for a project in the unified starting and insert constantly
The timestamp field of packet header；
Accordingly, each base station receives the packet, determines that unified starting moment of giving out a contract for a project is corresponding
Eat dishes without rice or wine frame number, and start to send the packet in the corresponding radio frames of frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine and include：
The Internet of each base station receives the packet, and sends to data link layer；
The data link layer parses the packet header of the packet, if the state section in the packet header is the first word
Section, the then unified starting for obtaining timestamp field in the packet header is given out a contract for a project the moment；
Being given out a contract for a project corresponding frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine of determine constantly according to the unified starting, it is corresponding in the frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine
Radio frames are by eating dishes without rice or wine to start to send the packet.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that access gateway determines the system of each base station
Originating the bag moment together includes：
Access gateway determines that maximum is given out a contract for a project time delay, processing delay and first packet delivery time；
Each base station is determined according to give out a contract for a project time delay, processing delay and first packet delivery time of the maximum
Unified starting is given out a contract for a project the moment.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that when access gateway determines that maximum is given out a contract for a project
Prolong, processing delay and first packet delivery time include：
Access gateway determines that sending packet to each base station giving out a contract for a project the time, and the time of giving out a contract for a project inserted it is right
Timestamp field in the packet header answered, and send corresponding packet according to the time of giving out a contract for a project；Each institute
State base station and receive the packet, record receives packet time, and judges whether the packet is synchronous
Request bag, if synchronization request bag, then construct sync response bag, by it is described reception packet time with it is described
The difference of time of giving out a contract for a project inserts the sync response bag, and sends to the access gateway；
The access gateway receives the sync response bag of each base station feedback, successively recording synchronism response
The bag reception time, and obtain the difference；
Time is received according to give out a contract for a project time and the sync response bag and determines that maximum is given out a contract for a project time delay and processing delay,
First packet delivery time is determined according to the difference.
7. method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that each base station receives the data
Bag, record receives packet time, and judges whether the packet is synchronization request bag, if synchronous please
Bag is sought, then constructs sync response bag, the reception packet time is inserted with the difference of the time of giving out a contract for a project
The sync response bag, and send to the access gateway and include：
The Internet of each base station receives the packet, and the packet is sent to data link layer；
The data link layer obtains packet, and records reception packet time, while to the packet
Packet header parsed；
If state section is the second field in the packet header, judge that the packet is synchronization request bag；
The difference of the reception packet time and the time of giving out a contract for a project is asked for, and the difference is inserted described
Timestamp field in packet header, while changing the fields of state Duan Wei tri-, constitutes sync response bag；
The sync response bag is sent to the Internet, is sent to the access network by the Internet
Close.
8. according to any described methods of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that the packet header of the packet
Also include：Record field, the record field records the access gateway and sends packet to each base station
Byte number；
After each base station receives the packet, methods described also includes：
The base station parses the packet, determines that the access gateway has sent number according to the record field
According to the byte number of bag, the first quantitative value is calculated as；
The base station record has passed through the byte number for eating dishes without rice or wine to send packet, is calculated as the second quantitative value；
Compare first quantitative value and the second quantitative value, if second quantitative value is less than the first quantitative value,
Then determine that the packet that the access gateway sends does not all arrive at the base station, the base station pause sends number
According to bag；If second quantitative value is equal to the first quantitative value, it is determined that the packet that the access gateway sends
The base station is all arrived at, the base station continues to send packet.
9. according to any described methods of claim 1-7, it is characterised in that the packet is many matchmakers
Body broadcast multicast service data bag.
10. the system that a kind of identical networking base station synchronization sends data, it is characterised in that including access gateway
With at least two base stations, wherein：
The access gateway, the unified starting for determining each base station is given out a contract for a project the moment, and will be described unified initial
Give out a contract for a project and insert packet constantly；The packet is sent to each base station；
At least two base station, for receiving the packet, gives out a contract for a project according to the unified starting and lead to constantly
Cross and eat dishes without rice or wine to send the packet.
11. systems according to claim 10, it is characterised in that each base station is additionally operable to：
The absolute time of global position system GPS is obtained according to prefixed time interval, and according to described absolute
Each base station of time adjustment is eated dishes without rice or wine frame number；
After receiving the packet, determine that the unified starting is given out a contract for a project moment corresponding frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine, and
The corresponding radio frames of frame number of eating dishes without rice or wine start to send the packet.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510883314.5A CN106851587A (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | Identical networking base station synchronization sends the method and system of data |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510883314.5A CN106851587A (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | Identical networking base station synchronization sends the method and system of data |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106851587A true CN106851587A (en) | 2017-06-13 |
Family
ID=59150109
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510883314.5A Withdrawn CN106851587A (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | Identical networking base station synchronization sends the method and system of data |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106851587A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108964825A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-12-07 | 重庆思柏高科技有限公司 | Calibration method, correction device and time server |
| CN110267211A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2019-09-20 | 海能达通信股份有限公司 | Simulcasting system, communication means and device |
| WO2020082218A1 (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-30 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Wireless communication method and network device |
| CN114071693A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2022-02-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication method and device |
| WO2023184063A1 (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-05 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Data transmission method and apparatus, device, storage medium, and program product |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1756123A (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | System and method for realizing base station time synchronism |
| CN101132222A (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2008-02-27 | 上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司 | Gateway equipment, base station equipment, communication network and synchronization method |
| CN101370175A (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2009-02-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for determining data sending time, multicast grouping method, apparatus and system |
| WO2009121204A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-08 | 上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司 | Method for synchronizing a gateway and base stations and the corresponding gateway and base station |
| US20090303924A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-10 | Nokia Siemens Networks Oy | Packet data network selection |
| CN102045646A (en) * | 2011-01-04 | 2011-05-04 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Method and equipment for synchronously counting multimedia broadcast multimedia service (MBMS) |
| US8089400B1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2012-01-03 | Zte (Usa) Inc. | Network assisted GPS positioning for Femto Cells in wireless networks |
-
2015
- 2015-12-04 CN CN201510883314.5A patent/CN106851587A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1756123A (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | System and method for realizing base station time synchronism |
| CN101132222A (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2008-02-27 | 上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司 | Gateway equipment, base station equipment, communication network and synchronization method |
| US8089400B1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2012-01-03 | Zte (Usa) Inc. | Network assisted GPS positioning for Femto Cells in wireless networks |
| CN101370175A (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2009-02-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for determining data sending time, multicast grouping method, apparatus and system |
| WO2009121204A1 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-08 | 上海贝尔阿尔卡特股份有限公司 | Method for synchronizing a gateway and base stations and the corresponding gateway and base station |
| US20090303924A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-10 | Nokia Siemens Networks Oy | Packet data network selection |
| CN102045646A (en) * | 2011-01-04 | 2011-05-04 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Method and equipment for synchronously counting multimedia broadcast multimedia service (MBMS) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110267211A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2019-09-20 | 海能达通信股份有限公司 | Simulcasting system, communication means and device |
| CN110267211B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2021-11-16 | 海能达通信股份有限公司 | Simulcast system, communication method and device |
| CN108964825A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-12-07 | 重庆思柏高科技有限公司 | Calibration method, correction device and time server |
| WO2020082218A1 (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-04-30 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Wireless communication method and network device |
| CN114071693A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2022-02-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication method and device |
| CN114071693B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2023-12-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication method and device |
| WO2023184063A1 (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-05 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Data transmission method and apparatus, device, storage medium, and program product |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106851587A (en) | Identical networking base station synchronization sends the method and system of data | |
| US7243150B2 (en) | Reducing the access delay for transmitting processed data over transmission data | |
| EP2348778B1 (en) | Method and device of synchronization scheduling | |
| US6778493B1 (en) | Real-time media content synchronization and transmission in packet network apparatus and method | |
| JP5431943B2 (en) | Method for synchronizing broadcast data delivery in single frequency mobile communication networks | |
| US6973067B1 (en) | Multi-media protocol for slot-based communication systems | |
| US8493915B2 (en) | Method for synchronizing between a gateway and base stations and corresponding gateway and base stations | |
| KR20050027176A (en) | Method for synchronizing of broadcast service stream in a mobile communication system | |
| US20060233151A1 (en) | Multiple access communication system and data transceiver | |
| JP4790289B2 (en) | Method, apparatus, and system for ensuring packet delivery time in an asynchronous network | |
| CN101150763A (en) | A terminal and method for testing real time service transmission performance of WiMAX network | |
| US20110206019A1 (en) | Synchronization Scheduling Method | |
| EP2958393A1 (en) | Distribution of broadcast/multicast data in telecommunications systems | |
| US20040170163A1 (en) | Data structure providing storage and bandwidth savings for hardware RTCP statistics collection applications | |
| CN111357318A (en) | Method and apparatus for synchronization between different data packet streams | |
| US20090059853A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving packets in a mobile communication system | |
| US8705475B2 (en) | Scheduling apparatus considering quality of service (QOS) | |
| CN112885121A (en) | Station reporting method, system, electronic equipment and broadcasting equipment | |
| CN108933786A (en) | Method for improving radio digital communication system recipient's ciphertext voice quality | |
| US20110164544A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for synchronization processing | |
| CN101237384A (en) | Method, device, user plane entity and system for transmitting multimedia broadcasting/multicast service data | |
| JP2004519124A (en) | Priority packet transmission system for telephony, latency sensitive data, best effort data and video streams on shared transmission media such as passive coaxial distribution | |
| WO2021083001A1 (en) | Communication method and apparatus | |
| CN101350664A (en) | Method for synchronization of multimedia broadcast and multicast | |
| WO2008000178A1 (en) | Mtthod for transmitting and receiving service information on a downlink shared channel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20170613 |
|
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |