CN106848530B - Multi-frequency dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Multi-frequency dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN106848530B CN106848530B CN201710200386.4A CN201710200386A CN106848530B CN 106848530 B CN106848530 B CN 106848530B CN 201710200386 A CN201710200386 A CN 201710200386A CN 106848530 B CN106848530 B CN 106848530B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
- H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna, which relates to the technical field of dual-polarized omnidirectional antennas and comprises an upper microstrip antenna array, a lower microstrip antenna array, an asymmetric bipyramid antenna, a multiplexer, a side feed structure and an antenna housing, wherein the upper microstrip antenna array and the lower microstrip antenna array are mutually parallel and are respectively arranged at the top and the middle of the asymmetric bipyramid antenna, the multiplexer is arranged at the inner side of the bottom of the asymmetric bipyramid antenna, the side feed structure is arranged on the whole side of the antenna, and the side feed structure is respectively connected with two output ports of the upper microstrip antenna array feed point and the lower microstrip antenna array feed point and the multiplexer. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna covers 2/3/4G and WLAN and Wi-Fi working frequency bands and has the multi-frequency vertical and horizontal dual-polarized omnidirectional radiation function. The upper microstrip antenna array is arranged at the top of the asymmetric biconical antenna to form orthogonal arrangement, and the asymmetric biconical antenna is arranged at the center of the lower microstrip antenna array to form through orthogonal arrangement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dual-polarized omnidirectional antennas.
Background
The horizontal polarization mode of the traditional dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna can only work in a single frequency range, can not cover 2/3/4G and WLAN and Wi-Fi working frequency bands at the same time, and does not meet the technical requirements of dual-frequency MIMO. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna is easy to cause poor isolation between ports and out-of-roundness of a directional diagram due to size limitation and complex implementation structure, and the same-frequency receiving and transmitting of the antenna and omnidirectional coverage of signals are greatly affected.
The antenna comprises a horizontal polarization antenna, an oscillator main body and an antenna housing, wherein the horizontal polarization antenna comprises a substrate, and microstrip folded oscillators with more than three units are uniformly distributed on the top surface of the substrate along the circumferential direction; the microstrip folded vibrator consists of a guide vibrator and a folded vibrator, and the guide vibrator and the folded vibrator are arranged from outside to inside along the radial direction of the substrate; the folded vibrator is respectively connected with one end of the first feeder line and one end of the second feeder line; a central feed hole is formed in the center of the substrate, and more than three feed holes are uniformly formed in the outer side of the central feed hole; the other ends of more than three second feeder lines are connected with the central feed hole. However, the patent does not realize the multi-frequency dual-polarization function, cannot meet the application requirements of the MIMO antenna under the multi-frequency band, and does not solve the technical problem of poor port isolation.
The dual-polarized antenna has a wider working frequency bandwidth, and meanwhile, the dual-polarized ceiling antenna provided by the invention has good polarization isolation effect and coverage balance, can effectively exert the performance of the MIMO antenna in LTE and WLAN systems, can be effectively applied to 2G and 3G networks, and improves the data transmission rate. However, the patent does not realize the multi-frequency dual-polarization function, and cannot meet the application requirements of the MIMO antenna under multiple frequency bands.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna with the directional pattern omnidirectional radiation characteristics, which reduces the overall height and increases the radiation gain, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna realizes the vertical and horizontal dual-polarized omnidirectional radiation in the low and high full frequency bands of 698MHz-960MHz and 1710MHz-2700MHz, and has the dual-polarized omnidirectional radiation functions in the 2/3/4G, WLAN and Wi-Fi frequency bands. Meanwhile, the problems of the existing scheme such as poor isolation degree among multiple vertical horizontal polarization ports, poor out-of-roundness of a radiation pattern, bulkiness of an antenna structure, complex installation and the like are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises an upper microstrip antenna array, a lower microstrip antenna array, an asymmetric bipyramid antenna, a multiplexer, a side feed structure and an antenna housing; the asymmetric biconical antenna comprises an upper cone, a middle coaxial cable and a lower cone, wherein the middle coaxial cable is connected with the upper cone and the lower cone to form a full-band vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna; the upper microstrip antenna array and the lower microstrip antenna array are mutually parallel, the upper microstrip antenna array is arranged on the upper cone, the lower microstrip antenna array is arranged on the lower cone, the multiplexer is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the lower cone, the side feeding structure is arranged on the whole side of the antenna, and the side feeding structure connects the feeding points of the upper microstrip antenna array and the lower microstrip antenna array with two output ports of the multiplexer.
The upper cone is of a hollow structure, the upper part of the upper cone is cylindrical, the lower part of the upper cone is in an inverted cone shape, and a through hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the upper cone; the lower cone is also of a hollow structure and is conical, a through hole is formed in the center of the upper portion of the lower cone, and a rotationally symmetrical gap is formed in the surface of the lower cone.
The asymmetry of the asymmetric biconic antenna is reflected in the aspects of the shape, the height, the radius and the cone inclination angle of the upper cone and the lower cone, and the upper cone and the lower cone are different in any one of the aspects, so that the upper cone and the lower cone can be considered to be asymmetric, and the asymmetric biconic antenna belongs to the category of the asymmetric biconic antenna.
The asymmetric biconical antenna passes through the center of the lower microstrip antenna array, and the axis of the asymmetric biconical antenna is perpendicular to the lower microstrip antenna array, so that the antenna is placed in a penetration orthogonal state; the upper microstrip antenna array is arranged at the upper part of the upper cone for a certain distance, and the axis of the asymmetric biconical antenna is mutually perpendicular to the upper microstrip antenna array.
The side feed structure comprises a first bent coaxial cable and a second bent coaxial cable, one end of the first bent coaxial cable is connected with a circle center feed point of the upper microstrip antenna array, and the other end of the first bent coaxial cable is attached to a surface radiation unit gap of the upper microstrip antenna array to the edge of the upper microstrip antenna array and is inclined to the edge of the lower microstrip antenna array; and one end of the second bent coaxial cable is connected with an eccentric feed point of the lower microstrip antenna array, the other end of the second bent coaxial cable is attached to a surface radiating unit slot of the lower microstrip antenna array to the edge of the lower microstrip antenna array, and the first bent thin coaxial cable and the second bent thin coaxial cable are tightly attached to the bottom edge of the lower cone of the asymmetric biconical antenna and are vertically wired to the second output port of the first output port of the multiplexer.
The upper microstrip antenna array is a multi-array element circular array and comprises a metal radiation layer, a circular dielectric layer and a metal feed network layer, wherein the metal radiation layer and the metal feed network layer are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the circular dielectric layer to form a high-frequency-band horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna.
The metal feed network layer of the upper microstrip antenna array is a rotationally symmetrical center feed structure and comprises a plurality of hook-shaped microstrip lines on the outer side, a plurality of bending microstrip lines on the inner side and a circle center feed point, wherein the hook-shaped microstrip lines are connected end to end with the bending microstrip lines, the bending microstrip lines are connected to the circle center feed point, the metal radiation layer comprises a plurality of radiation units and a circular metal ground, and the radiation units are uniformly distributed along the ring shape and are connected with the circular metal ground.
The lower microstrip antenna array is a multi-array element annular array and comprises a metal radiation layer, a circular dielectric layer and a metal feed network layer, wherein the metal radiation layer and the metal feed network layer are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the circular dielectric layer to form a low-frequency-band horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna.
The metal feed network layer of the lower microstrip antenna array is of an asymmetric eccentric feed structure and comprises a plurality of hook-shaped microstrip lines at the outer side, a plurality of arc-shaped microstrip lines at the inner side and eccentric feed points, wherein the hook-shaped microstrip lines are connected with the arc-shaped microstrip lines end to end, and the plurality of arc-shaped microstrip lines are connected with the eccentric feed; the metal radiation layer comprises a plurality of radiation units and a circular metal ground, wherein the radiation units are uniformly distributed along the ring shape and are connected with the circular metal ground.
Any radiating element slot of the upper microstrip antenna array is coincident with any radiating element slot of the lower microstrip antenna array.
The multiplexer includes an input port and two output ports, and the multiplexer radius is not greater than the maximum inner radius of the asymmetric biconical antenna.
The multi-frequency dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna can realize vertical polarization omnidirectional radiation in a full frequency band through the asymmetric bipyramid, and the rotation symmetry structure of the asymmetric bipyramid antenna ensures the omnidirectional radiation characteristic of the directional pattern. The asymmetric characteristic of the upper cone and the lower cone reduces the whole height to the maximum extent and increases the radiation gain on the premise of ensuring the working bandwidth. The upper microstrip antenna array on the upper part of the upper cone forms capacitive loading with the asymmetric bipyramid, and the standing wave in the asymmetric bipyramid band is improved. The lower conical surface is provided with rotationally symmetrical gaps, so that tangential current of the lower conical surface can be cut off, the in-band standing wave is improved, cross polarization radiation is reduced, the capacity of cross coupling with horizontal polarization is reduced, and meanwhile, a multiplexer can be arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the lower conical surface, and signal stray caused by electromagnetic radiation is reduced. The actual measurement shows that the integral size of the asymmetric bipyramid structure is 103mm (height) by 300mm (maximum diameter), the in-band standing wave is smaller than 1.5, the out-of-roundness of the directional diagram is smaller than 3.5dB, and the gain is larger than 2dBi. The asymmetric biconical antenna can be made of metal through stamping, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and convenience in installation.
The multi-frequency dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna can realize horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation in a full frequency band through the upper microstrip antenna array and the lower microstrip antenna array, wherein the upper microstrip antenna array works in a high frequency band, and the lower microstrip antenna array works in a low frequency band. The upper microstrip antenna array is composed of a multi-array element circular array, the radiating unit and the feed network share a circular metal ground, a slot coupling feed mode is adopted, the size of the antenna is reduced to the greatest extent on the premise of guaranteeing the working bandwidth, the high-frequency horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation characteristic is guaranteed, and meanwhile the radiation gain is increased by utilizing the circular metal ground reflection characteristic. The upper microstrip antenna array is arranged on the upper part of the asymmetric biconical antenna by using the plastic bracket, and is perpendicular to the axis of the asymmetric biconical antenna, so that the surface current of the upper microstrip antenna array is orthogonal to the surface current of the asymmetric biconical antenna, and electromagnetic coupling is reduced. The lower microstrip antenna array is composed of a multi-element circular array, the radiating unit and the feed network are in a circular metal ground, and the size of the antenna can be reduced to the greatest extent on the premise of ensuring work by adopting a slot coupling feed mode. The lower microstrip antenna array adopts a circular ring structure, can be placed in the middle of the asymmetric biconical antenna and is placed in a penetrating way in an orthogonal way, so that the surface current of the lower microstrip antenna array is orthogonal to the surface current of the asymmetric biconical antenna, electromagnetic coupling is reduced, the antenna structure is simplified, and the antenna volume is reduced. Meanwhile, the annular metal ground and the lower cone are used for forming the reflecting plate, so that the omnidirectional radiation characteristic and the gain of the directional pattern on the working surface are ensured. The actual measurement results are shown in table 1, and the electromagnetic coupling is reduced by the upper and lower microstrip antenna arrays and the combination method of the horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna and the vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna structure, so that not only the isolation degree of the horizontal and vertical ports and the in-band standing wave are reduced, but also the omnidirectional radiation characteristic and the gain are ensured. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna solves the problem that the isolation degree between ports and the out-of-roundness of a directional diagram are easy to be poor due to size limitation and complex implementation structure.
Table 1 upper and lower microstrip antenna array actual measurement data
| Frequency band | Size (diameter) | In-band standing wave | Out of roundness | Gain of | Port isolation |
| Low frequency | 250mm | ＜1.8 | ＜3dB | ＞2dBi | ＜-24dB |
| High Frequency | 130mm | ＜1.5 | ＜3dB | ＞4dBi | ＜-30dB |
The multi-frequency dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna can realize high-frequency and low-frequency horizontal polarization signal synthesis through the side feed structure and the multiplexer. The side feeding structure comprises two bent thin coaxial cables, the two bent thin coaxial cables are respectively connected with the feeding points of the upper microstrip antenna array and the lower microstrip antenna array, are routed along a specific route and are perpendicular to the bottom edge of the lower cone, and are connected with two output ports of a multiplexer arranged in the lower cone through the bottom edge of the lower cone. The side feeding structure can ensure the feeding of the upper and lower microstrip antenna arrays, reduce the influence on the surface currents of the upper and lower microstrip antenna arrays, and reduce the problem of non-circularity variation of the pattern caused by the asymmetry of the side feeding structure. The multiplexer is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the lower cone, so that port current stray caused by electromagnetic radiation can be reduced, port third-order intermodulation is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the multiplexer is easy to install, and product consistency is guaranteed. The overall actual measurement result of the antenna is shown in table 2, and the side feed structure and the multiplexer are arranged at the inner side of the bottom of the lower cone, so that the performance of the upper and lower microstrip antenna arrays and the asymmetric biconical antenna is basically not influenced, and various indexes of the overall antenna are ensured.
Therefore, the multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna has the advantages of low port isolation, good out-of-roundness of a directional diagram, excellent in-band standing waves, small size, low cost and easiness in installation.
Table 2 antenna overall measured data
| Polarization mode | In-band standing wave | Out of roundness | Gain of | Isolation degree | Third order intermodulation |
| Vertical direction | ＜1.6 | ＜4dB | ＞2dBi | ＜-24dB | ＜-153dBc |
| Horizontal level | ＜1.7 | ＜5dB | ＞4dBi | ＜--30dB | ＜-153dBc |
The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna has the following technical effects:
the upper microstrip antenna array utilizes a plurality of radiating units and the hook-shaped microstrip line to realize slot coupling feed, thereby increasing the working bandwidth of the high-frequency antenna.
The upper microstrip antenna array is connected with the circular metal ground by utilizing a plurality of radiation units, and the directional pattern high-frequency horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation characteristic and gain are ensured by means of the metal ground reflection characteristic. Therefore, the upper microstrip antenna array has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation, good out-of-roundness of the directional diagram and high gain.
The lower microstrip antenna array utilizes a plurality of radiating units and the hook-shaped microstrip line to realize slot coupling feed, and the working bandwidth of the low-frequency antenna is increased.
The lower microstrip antenna array is connected with the circular metal ground by utilizing a plurality of radiation units, and the low-frequency horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation characteristic and the gain of the directional pattern are ensured by means of the metal ground reflection characteristic. Therefore, the lower microstrip antenna array has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation, good out-of-roundness of the directional diagram and high gain.
The upper cone and the lower cone are enveloped by the asymmetric biconical antenna, the upper cone is of a metal stamping forming hollow structure, the upper part of the upper cone is cylindrical, the lower part of the upper cone is of an inverted cone shape, a through hole is formed in the center of the bottom, the lower cone is of a metal stamping forming hollow structure, the upper part of the lower cone is of a cone shape, the center of the upper part of the lower cone is provided with a through hole, the surface of the lower cone is provided with a rotationally symmetric gap, a middle coaxial cable inner conductor is welded with a lower center round hole of the upper cone through a lower center through hole of the lower cone, a middle coaxial cable outer conductor is welded with the lower cone, and the asymmetric biconical antenna is arranged on a circular chassis of the radome. The rotation symmetry structure of the asymmetric biconical antenna ensures the full-frequency-band vertical polarization omnidirectional radiation characteristic of the directional diagram. After the asymmetric biconical antenna is adopted, the overall dimension of the vertical polarized antenna is 103mm (height) and 300mm (maximum diameter), the out-of-roundness of the directional diagram is less than 3.5dB, and the gain is greater than 2dBi. Therefore, the asymmetric biconical antenna can reduce the overall height to the greatest extent, increase the radiation gain and ensure the out-of-roundness of the directional pattern on the premise of ensuring the working bandwidth.
The lower conical surface of the asymmetric biconical antenna is provided with a rotationally symmetric gap, so that tangential current of the lower conical surface can be cut off, and the asymmetric biconical antenna has the capabilities of improving in-band standing waves, reducing cross polarization radiation and reducing cross coupling with horizontal polarization. After the rotationally symmetrical gap is adopted, the standing wave in the vertical polarization port band is less than 1.5. Therefore, the asymmetric double cone has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, easy installation and good in-band standing wave.
The upper microstrip antenna array is of a circular structure, and is placed on the upper cone of the asymmetric biconical antenna by using the plastic support, and the upper microstrip antenna array and the asymmetric biconical antenna form capacitive loading, so that the asymmetric biconical in-band standing wave is improved. The upper microstrip antenna array is perpendicular to the axis of the asymmetric biconical antenna, so that the surface current of the upper microstrip antenna array is orthogonal to the surface current of the asymmetric biconical antenna, electromagnetic coupling is reduced, and port isolation is improved. After the upper microstrip antenna array placement method is adopted, the isolation degree of the high-frequency vertical horizontal port is less than-30 dB.
The lower microstrip antenna array is of a circular ring structure, the plastic bracket is utilized to be placed in the middle of the asymmetric biconical antenna, the asymmetric biconical antenna passes through the center of the lower microstrip antenna array to form a penetration orthogonal placement, so that the surface current of the lower microstrip antenna array is orthogonal to the surface current of the asymmetric biconical antenna, electromagnetic coupling is reduced, port isolation is improved, the antenna structure is simplified, and the antenna volume is reduced. Meanwhile, the annular metal ground and the lower cone are used for forming the reflecting plate, so that the omnidirectional radiation characteristic and the gain of the directional diagram on the working surface are ensured. After the lower microstrip antenna array placement method is adopted, the isolation of the low-frequency horizontal and vertical ports is less than-24 dB.
The multiplexer comprises an input port and two output ports, the multiplexer is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the lower cone and embedded in the circular chassis of the antenna housing, and the radius size of the multiplexer is not larger than the maximum inner radius of the bottom of the lower cone; the multiplexer is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the lower cone, so that port current stray caused by electromagnetic radiation can be reduced, port third-order intermodulation is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the multiplexer is easy to install, and product consistency is guaranteed. After the multiplexer arrangement method is adopted, the third-order intermodulation of the vertical and horizontal ports is less than-153 dBc.
The side feeding structure comprises a first bent thin coaxial cable and a second bent thin coaxial cable, and can reduce the influence on the surface current of the upper and lower microstrip antenna arrays while ensuring the feeding of the upper and lower microstrip antenna arrays, and reduce the problem of non-roundness variation of the pattern caused by the asymmetry of the side feeding structure. By adopting the side feed structure, the out-of-roundness of the integral antenna pattern is less than 5dB.
The multi-frequency dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna disclosed by the invention covers 2/3/4G and WLAN and Wi-Fi working frequency bands and has the multi-frequency vertical and horizontal dual-polarization omnidirectional radiation function. The upper microstrip antenna array is arranged at the top of the asymmetric biconical antenna to form orthogonal arrangement, and the asymmetric biconical antenna is arranged at the center of the lower microstrip antenna array to form through orthogonal arrangement. According to the invention, the side feeding structure is arranged on the whole side of the antenna, so that the feeding problem of multiple groups of antennas in a compact size is solved, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of poor out-of-roundness of a radiation pattern caused by the asymmetry of the feeding structure is improved.
Drawings
For a clearer description of embodiments of the invention or of the solutions of the prior art, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or of the prior art, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings can be obtained from them without the aid of inventive labour for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna with a radome removed;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an upper microstrip antenna array structure of the multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a lower microstrip antenna array structure of the multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric biconical antenna structure of the multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a side feed structure of the multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a radome structure of the multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-an upper microstrip antenna array; 11-a metal radiation layer; a 111-radiation unit; 112-circular metal land; 113-a slit; 12-a dielectric layer; 13-a metal feed network layer; 131-a hook-shaped microstrip line; 132-bending the microstrip line; 133-center feed point; a 2-lower microstrip antenna array; 21-a metal radiation layer; 211-a radiating element; 212-a circular ring-shaped metal ground; 213-slit; 22-a circular ring-shaped medium layer; 23-metal feed network layer; 231-a hook-shaped microstrip line; 232-bending the microstrip line; 233-an off-center feed point; 24-round holes; 3-asymmetric biconic antennas; 31-upper cone; 311-upper conical bottom central hole; 32-coaxial cable; 33-lower cone; 331-a lower cone upper central hole; 34-a rotationally symmetrical slit; 4-a multiplexer; 41-a first output port; 42-a second output port; 43-input port; a 5-side feed structure; 51-a first bent coaxial cable; 52-a second bent coaxial cable; 6-radome; 61-an antenna housing; 62-circular bottom plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be direct or can be connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be specifically understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna provided by the present invention includes: an upper microstrip antenna array 1, a lower microstrip antenna array 2, an asymmetric bipyramid antenna 3, a multiplexer 4, a side feed structure 5 and a radome 6. Wherein, go up microstrip antenna array 1 and microstrip antenna array 2 down and be parallel to each other, set up respectively in asymmetric bipyramid antenna 3 top and middle part, multiplexer 4 sets up in asymmetric bipyramid antenna 3 bottom inboard, side feed structure 5 sets up in the whole side of antenna, side feed structure 5 includes two crooked coaxial cable, crooked coaxial cable is with the feed point of last microstrip antenna array 1 and microstrip antenna array 2 down and multiplexer output port connection, the radome includes streamlined dustcoat and circular bottom plate, parcel whole antenna.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper microstrip antenna array 1 is a multi-array element circular array, and includes a metal radiation layer 11, a dielectric layer 12, and a metal feed network layer 13, where the metal radiation layer 11 and the metal feed network layer 13 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the dielectric layer 12, the metal radiation layer 11 is composed of a plurality of radiation units 111 and a circular metal ground 112, and the plurality of radiation units 111 are annularly and uniformly arranged and grounded together with the circular metal ground 112. The metal feed network layer 12 is a rotationally symmetrical center feed structure and is composed of a plurality of hook-shaped microstrip lines 131, a plurality of bending microstrip lines 132 and a center feed point 133, wherein the hook-shaped microstrip lines 131 are connected with the bending microstrip lines 132 end to end, and the bending microstrip lines 132 are connected with the center feed point 133, so that one-to-many power distribution of energy is realized. One of the hook-shaped microstrip lines and one of the bent microstrip lines correspond to one of the radiating elements, and the microstrip hook-shaped line is coupled and fed by the corresponding slot 113 between the radiating elements. The upper microstrip antenna array 2 is integrally fed by a center feed point 133, so that high-frequency horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation is realized.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the upper microstrip antenna array 1 is directly installed on the upper cone 31 of the asymmetric biconical antenna 3 by using a plastic bracket, and the placement position of the upper microstrip antenna array 1 and the asymmetric biconical antenna 3 can form capacitive loading on the asymmetric biconical antenna, so that mutual coupling between antennas is reduced, and meanwhile, isolation between standing waves in a vertical port band and dual polarized ports is ensured. The height between the upper microstrip antenna array 1 and the upper cone 31 is adjusted by the actual electromagnetic distribution.
As shown in fig. 5, the lower microstrip antenna array 2 is a multi-array element circular array, and includes a metal radiation layer 21, a circular dielectric layer 22, and a metal feed network layer 23, where the metal radiation layer 21 and the metal feed network layer 23 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the circular dielectric layer 22, the metal radiation layer 21 is formed by a plurality of radiation units 211 and a circular metal ground 212, the plurality of radiation units 21 are uniformly distributed in a ring shape and are grounded together with the circular metal ground 212, the metal feed network layer 22 is an eccentric feed structure, and is formed by a plurality of hook-shaped microstrip lines 231, a plurality of bending microstrip lines 232 and eccentric feed points 233, the hook-shaped microstrip lines 231 are connected end to end with the bending microstrip lines 232, and the plurality of bending microstrip lines 232 are connected to the eccentric feed points 233, so as to realize power distribution of one or more. One of the hook-shaped microstrip lines and one of the bent microstrip lines correspond to one of the radiating elements, and the microstrip hook-shaped line is coupled and fed by the corresponding slot 213 between the radiating elements. The lower microstrip antenna array 2 is integrally fed by an eccentric feed point 233, so that low-frequency horizontal polarization omnidirectional radiation is realized.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lower microstrip antenna array 2 is mounted between the upper cone 31 and the lower cone 33 of the asymmetric biconic antenna 3 by using a plastic bracket, so that the asymmetric biconic antenna 2 passes through the circular hole 24 to form a penetration orthogonal arrangement. The placement position of the lower microstrip antenna array 2 and the asymmetric biconical antenna 3 can enable the surface current of the lower microstrip antenna array 2 to be orthogonal to the surface current of the asymmetric biconical antenna 3, reduce electromagnetic coupling, improve port isolation, simplify an antenna structure and reduce the volume of the antenna. The radiation unit 211 may form a reflection plate using the circular metal ground 212 and the lower cone 33, ensuring the omni-directional radiation characteristic and gain of the pattern on the working surface.
As shown in fig. 5, the asymmetric biconic antenna 3 is formed by enveloping an upper cone 31, a coaxial cable 32, a lower cone 33 and a rotationally symmetric slit 34, wherein the upper cone 31 is of a hollow structure formed by metal stamping, the upper part is cylindrical, the lower part is in an inverted cone shape, and a through hole 311 is arranged at the center of the bottom. The lower cone 33 is made of metal and is in a hollow stamping structure and is conical, a through hole 331 is formed in the center of the upper portion, and a rotationally symmetrical gap 34 is formed in the surface of the lower cone. The inner conductor of the coaxial cable 32 is welded with the upper cone 31 through the upper central hole 331 of the lower cone and the lower central hole 311 of the upper cone, the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is welded with the lower cone 33, and the asymmetric double-cone antenna 3 is placed on the circular chassis 62 of the radome;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rotationally symmetrical structure of the asymmetric biconical antenna 3 ensures omnidirectional radiation characteristics of the vertical polarization pattern. The asymmetric characteristics of the upper cone and the lower cone can ensure the working bandwidth, reduce the whole height to the maximum extent and increase the radiation gain. The upper microstrip antenna array 1 arranged on the upper cone 31 forms capacitive loading with the asymmetric biconic antenna 3, and improves the in-band standing wave of the asymmetric biconic antenna 3. The lower cone 33 has a rotationally symmetrical slit 34 on its surface, which cuts off tangential current from the lower cone surface, improving in-band standing waves, reducing cross-polarized radiation, and reducing cross-coupling with horizontal polarization. The height and width of the slit 34 are adjusted according to the actual current distribution.
As shown in fig. 6, the upper microstrip antenna array 1 is parallel to the lower microstrip antenna array 2, and it is ensured that any one of the radiating element intermediate slots 113 of the upper microstrip antenna array is aligned with any one of the radiating element intermediate slots 213 of the lower microstrip antenna array.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the multiplexer 4 includes a first output port 41, a second output port 42, and an input port 43. The multiplexer 4 is disposed inside the bottom of the lower cone 33 and is embedded in the radome circular chassis 62. The first output port 41 is connected to the center feed point 133 of the upper microstrip antenna array 1 through the first bent coaxial cable 51 of the side feed structure 5. The second output port 42 is connected to the center feed point 233 of the lower microstrip antenna array 2 through the second bent coaxial cable 52 of the side feed structure 5. The multiplexer is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the lower cone 33, so that port current stray caused by electromagnetic radiation can be reduced, port third-order intermodulation is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the multiplexer is easy to install, and product consistency is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 6, the side feeding structure 5 includes a first curved coaxial cable 51 and a second curved coaxial cable 52, one end of the first curved coaxial cable 51 is connected to the center feeding point 133 of the upper microstrip antenna array 1, and is obliquely routed to the edge of the lower microstrip antenna array 2 along the upper microstrip antenna array radiating element slot 113, one end of the second curved coaxial cable 52 is connected to the eccentric feeding point 233 of the lower microstrip antenna array 2 along the lower microstrip antenna array radiating element slot 213 to the edge of the lower microstrip antenna array 2, and the two curved thin coaxial cables are tightly attached and vertically pulled down to the bottom edge of the lower cone 33, and are respectively connected with the first output port 41 and the second output port 42 of the multiplexer 4. The side feed structure 5 can ensure the feeding of the upper microstrip antenna array 1 and the lower microstrip antenna array 2, reduce the influence on the surface currents of the microstrip antenna array 1 and the lower microstrip antenna array 2, and reduce the problem of non-circularity variation of the pattern caused by the asymmetry of the side feed structure 5.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that; the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features can be replaced equally; and the modification or replacement does not make the corresponding technical scheme substantially deviate from the technical scheme scope of each embodiment of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna is characterized by comprising: the antenna comprises an upper microstrip antenna array (1), a lower microstrip antenna array (2), an asymmetric biconical antenna (3), a multiplexer (4), a side feed structure (5) and an antenna housing (6); the asymmetric double-cone antenna (3) comprises an upper cone (31), a coaxial cable (32) and a lower cone (33), wherein the upper cone (31) and the lower cone (33) are different in structure, and the coaxial cable (32) is connected with the upper cone (31) and the lower cone (33) to form a full-band vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna; the upper microstrip antenna array (1) and the lower microstrip antenna array (2) are parallel to each other, the upper microstrip antenna array (1) is arranged on the upper cone (31), the lower microstrip antenna array (2) is arranged on the lower cone (33), the multiplexer (4) is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the lower cone (33), the side feeding structure (5) is arranged on the whole side of the antenna, and the side feeding structure (5) connects the feeding points of the upper microstrip antenna array (1) and the lower microstrip antenna array (2) with two output ports of the multiplexer.
2. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein: the upper cone (31) is of a hollow structure, the upper part of the upper cone is cylindrical, the lower part of the upper cone is in an inverted cone shape, and an upper cone bottom center hole (311) is formed in the bottom center; the lower cone (33) is also of a hollow structure and is conical, the upper center of the lower cone is provided with a lower cone upper center hole (331), and the surface of the lower cone (33) is provided with a rotationally symmetrical gap (34).
3. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein: the asymmetric biconical antenna (3) passes through the center of the lower microstrip antenna array (2), and the axis of the asymmetric biconical antenna (3) is perpendicular to the lower microstrip antenna array (2) to form a penetration orthogonal state for placement; the upper microstrip antenna array (1) is arranged on the upper cone (31), and the axis of the asymmetric biconical antenna (3) is perpendicular to the upper microstrip antenna array (1).
4. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein: the side feed structure (5) comprises a first bent coaxial cable (51) and a second bent coaxial cable (52), one end of the first bent coaxial cable (51) is connected with a circle center feed point (133) of the upper microstrip antenna array (1), and the other end is attached to a surface radiation unit gap (113) of the upper microstrip antenna array (1) to the edge of the upper microstrip antenna array (1) and is inclined to the edge of the lower microstrip antenna array (2); one end of the second bent coaxial cable (52) is connected with the eccentric feed point (233) of the lower microstrip antenna array (2), the other end of the second bent coaxial cable is attached to the surface radiating unit gap (213) of the lower microstrip antenna array (2) to the edge of the lower microstrip antenna array (2), and the first bent coaxial cable (51) and the second bent coaxial cable (52) are tightly attached to the bottom edge of the lower cone (33) of the asymmetric biconical antenna (3) and are vertically wired to the second output port (42) of the first output port (41) of the multiplexer respectively.
5. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the upper microstrip antenna array (1) is a multi-array element circular array and comprises a metal radiation layer (11), a circular dielectric layer (12) and a metal feed network layer (13), wherein the metal radiation layer (11) and the metal feed network layer (13) are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the circular dielectric layer (12) to form a high-frequency-band horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna.
6. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 5, wherein: the metal feed network layer (13) of the upper microstrip antenna array (1) is of a rotationally symmetrical center feed structure and comprises a plurality of outer hook-shaped microstrip lines (131), a plurality of inner bending microstrip lines (132) and a center feed point (133), wherein the hook-shaped microstrip lines are connected end to end with the bending microstrip lines, the bending microstrip lines are connected to the center feed point, the metal radiation layer (11) comprises a plurality of radiation units (111) and a circular metal ground (112), and the radiation units (111) are uniformly distributed along an annular shape and are connected with the circular metal ground (112).
7. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the lower microstrip antenna array (2) is a multi-array element annular array and comprises a metal radiation layer (21), a circular dielectric layer (22) and a metal feed network layer (23), wherein the metal radiation layer (21) and the metal feed network layer (23) are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the circular dielectric layer (22) to form a low-frequency-band horizontal polarization omnidirectional antenna.
8. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 7, wherein: the metal feed network layer of the lower microstrip antenna array (2) is of an asymmetric eccentric feed structure and comprises a plurality of hook-shaped microstrip lines (231) at the outer side, a plurality of bending microstrip lines (232) at the inner side and eccentric feed points (233), wherein the hook-shaped microstrip lines are connected with the bending microstrip lines end to end, and the bending microstrip lines are connected with the eccentric feed; the metal radiation layer (21) comprises a plurality of radiation units (211) and a circular metal ground (212), and the radiation units (211) are uniformly distributed along the ring shape and are connected with the circular metal ground (212).
9. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein: any radiating element slot (113) of the upper microstrip antenna array is aligned with any radiating element slot (213) of the lower microstrip antenna array.
10. The multi-frequency dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein: the multiplexer (4) comprises an input port (43) and two output ports, wherein the two output ports are a first output port (41) and a second output port (42) respectively, and the radius of the multiplexer (4) is not larger than the maximum inner radius of the asymmetric biconical antenna.
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| CN108199128A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-22 | 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 | A kind of antenna system and mobile terminal |
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| CN112072302B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-04-13 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Broadband circularly polarized filter array antenna with sequential rotary feed |
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| CN112072287B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-09-27 | 武汉凡谷电子技术股份有限公司 | Dual-polarized antenna module |
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