CN106769525A - The system and method for testing of tested conductor material mechanical performance under vacuum environment - Google Patents
The system and method for testing of tested conductor material mechanical performance under vacuum environment Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0085—Compressibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention provides the system and method for testing of tested conductor material mechanical performance under a kind of vacuum environment, high temperature strain measurement difficulty, the low problem of the sample efficiency of heating surface are solved.System, including high temperature deformation test subsystems, temperature control subsystem and loading subsystem, drawing process is carried out in vacuum environment cabin, sample is loaded by mechanics machine, this method utilizes Joule effect, material is put into vacuum environment cabin, normal temperature Absolute truth reciprocal of duty cycle is up to 0.025Pa, low-voltage, high-current is passed through by conductor material, realize the quick heating to sample, after target temperature is reached, loaded, DIC strain testing technologies are used simultaneously, data acquisition is carried out to high temperature deformation, obtain the strain field of whole sample marking distance section and the displacement curve of load of sample, by follow-up data processing, obtain the drawing by high temperature/modulus of compressibility and tensile strength of sample.The present invention has heating rate fast, uniform temperature fields, the advantages of deformation measurement high precision.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material at high temperature mechanics performance testing technology neighborhood, and in particular to tested under a kind of vacuum environment
The system and method for testing of conductor material mechanical performance.
Technical background
With the development of present aerospace technology, hypersonic aircraft has obtained the great attention of many countries.Ultrasound high
Fast aircraft during flight, violent rubbing action, most of kinetic energy conversion of aircraft is produced with air in dense atmosphere
It is heat energy, causes head temperature drastically to raise.Estimate that termination reenters Aerodynamic Heating at 2500 DEG C according to preliminary pneumatic thermal environment
(sliding 12000km), large area reenters Aerodynamic Heating temperature between 400-1100 DEG C.To ensure the safety of aircraft, its
The material of thermal protection system must keep certain bearing capacity at high temperature.Test material is set up to stretch in high temperature environments by force
The method of degree and modulus plays an important roll for the mechanical property that science characterizes material.
At present, there is certain difficulty in test material mechanical property in high temperature environments.Changchun Inst of Testing Machine
Xin Baosen exists《2500 DEG C of high-temperature vacuum stretching furnace research reports》Middle use radiant type heating and high-temperature extensometer realize high temperature
The test of material tensile property under environment, because the radiant heating time is more long, therefore test efficiency is relatively low.Zhang Guiqing exists《It is a kind of
Controllable environment high temperature mechanics experimental machine》Middle use radiant type heating, the mechanical property for realizing material at 1500 DEG C -1600 DEG C is surveyed
Examination, measurement atmosphere is controllable, but is not directed to the measurement of strain.Zhou Ziyuan exists《Small-sized ultra-temperature mechanical performance test device》In, adopt
Heated with energized, realize the test of superhigh temperature ceramic material mechanical property under atmospheric environment, but cannot realize that material exists
The measurement of mechanical property and strain under vacuum environment.Also other scholars have also been made correlative study in this respect.In heating
On, mainly there are electrified regulation, sensing heating and radiant heating, radiant heating heating rate is slower, less efficient, and temperature control is not
It is enough accurate, react slower；Sample is typically put into hub of a spool by sensing heating, and medium, high frequency alternating current is then passed through on coil,
Realize sensing heating.The advantage of this method is to heat up comparatively fast, and temperature field is more uniform, has the disadvantage to realize to the whole change of sample
The measurement of shape.In temperature survey, one kind is using thermocouple measurement material local environment temperature or direct measurement material
Surface temperature, the former measure be environment temperature rather than material temperature, cause the inaccurate of temperature survey；The latter is due to thermoelectricity
Idol and material surface contact, so as to influence material mechanical property in itself and temperature field.Mostly it is to use high temperature in strain measurement
Extensometer, because extensometer is contacted with material side, can also impact to the mechanical property of material and temperature field.
The content of the invention
Weak point based on the above, the present invention discloses tested conductor material mechanical performance under a kind of vacuum environment
System, realizes test of the material in mechanical properties such as 600 DEG C of drawing by high temperature of -3000 DEG C of temperature ranges, compressive strength and modulus,
Current material is solved in mechanical behavior under high temperature test, heating rate is slow, and thermometric is inaccurate, and strain measurement is difficult, material quilt
The problems such as oxidation.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：Tested conductor material mechanical performance under a kind of vacuum environment
System, including high temperature deformation test subsystems, temperature control subsystem and loading subsystem,
High temperature deformation test subsystems include two CCD cameras, blue-light source and the first computers, and two CCD cameras are led to
Cross data wire to be connected with the first computer, blue-light source is used to supplement ultra-blue-light during view data is gathered, while
Add the blue color filter of arrowband before two camera lenses of CCD camera, two CCD cameras of the first computer recording and preservation are collected
View data；
Temperature control subsystem includes double color comparator pyrometer, electrode, temperature control box and second computers, and double color comparator pyrometers pass through light
Fibre is connected with temperature control box, and electrode is connected by live wire with temperature control box, and temperature control box is connected with second computer, double color comparator pyrometers
The temperature data of measurement is fed back into second computer by temperature control box, second computer passes through temperature control using PID control program
Case adjusts the size of output current, specimen temperature is adjusted, it is ensured that the stabilization of temperature in process of the test；
Loading subsystem include mechanics machine, high-temperature clamp, vacuum environment cabin, high-temperature clamp in vacuum environment cabin,
High-temperature clamp is connected with the connecting rod of mechanics machine, and vacuum environment cabin passes through closed metal wave with the connecting rod of mechanics machine
Line pipe is connected, and stretching or compression process are carried out in vacuum environment cabin, and silica glass window, high temperature are left before and after vacuum environment cabin
Fixture clamps sample, and sample is loaded by mechanics machine, and second computer is gathered and records the displacement in process of the test and load
Lotus data.
The present invention also has following technical characteristic：The position of two described CCD cameras is symmetric on sample, and two
Individual CCD camera angle is 20 DEG C.
Another object of the present invention is the mechanical property for tested conductor material at high temperature, using contactless
High temperature deformation measuring technology, the side of the stretching set up under test material vacuum environment, modulus of compressibility and high-temperature mechanics intensity
Method.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：Tested conductor material mechanical performance under a kind of vacuum environment
Method of testing, it is as follows：
(1) high-temperature speckle is made to material surface by the way of hairbrush splash, is first dried at normal temperatures, then in drying box
Dried 2 hours in 92 DEG C of environment；Sample outward appearance is checked, specimen surface state is numbered and record, with kind of calliper sample marking distance area
Width and thickness, average at any 3；Sample is installed, it is ensured that the connecting rod axis of sample axis and testing machine overlaps；
(2) three sections of the upper, middle and lower of double color comparator pyrometers is adjusted, makes it indicate laser to beat three sections of the upper, middle and lower in sample respectively,
And ensure that fastening is not rocked；The position for adjusting two CCD cameras is symmetric on sample, and two CCD camera angles are 20
DEG C, while adjusting blue-light source, making size of the sample in the display of the first computer, exposure is clear；
(3) removal is preloaded, and closes door for vacuum chamber, intake valve and vent valve；Vacuumize, when the vacuum in vacuum environment cabin
After reaching test requirements document, the force cell of mechanics machine resets, and using Bit andits control, speed is 2mm/min, and sample is entered
Go and preload 200N, and it is preloaded in temperature-rise period and keep constant, to ensure the close contact of sample and fixture；
(4) electrode switch is opened, is started and is heated up, heating rate is 20 DEG C/s, after equitemperature reaches target temperature, by displacement
Loading, loading speed is 1mm/min, until off-test；
(5) after off-test, heating power supply is closed, end temp control preserves displacement, load data, the figure of CCD camera
As data；
(6) gray processing treatment is carried out to view data, a matrix will be converted into per two field picture, the position of numerical value in matrix
The position of correspondence respective pixel point, the corresponding gray value of numerical values recited correspondence；
(7) different unit grids are divided into image-region, the size of each unit is (2M+1) × (2M+1), 2M+1
The width of representative unit, unit is pixel, sub-district center point coordinate (x0,y0), it is (x that its is more adjacenti,yi), coordinate after deformation
It is changed into (x ' respectively0,y′0), more adjacent is (x 'i,y′i), f (xi,yi) it is reference picture sub-district midpoint (xi,yi) gray value,
g(x′i,y′i) it is image subsection midpoint (x ' after deformationi,y′i) the horizontal displacement of gray value .P points be u, vertical displacement is v, Q points
Horizontal displacement is uQ, vertical displacement is vQ, the relation between both displacements is：
Δ x=xi-x0, Δ y=yi-y0
Relation before and after Q point deformation between coordinate is
x′i=xi+uQ,y′i=yi+vQ
Using following correlation function：
IfBy relation above, obtain
C(xi,yi,x′i,y′i)=C (P)
By iterative algorithm, P values, i.e. displacement field are determined；
(9) after obtaining displacement field, by shape function, related strain field is obtained：
The strain of x directions, the strain of y directions and the shearing strain in x-y faces are respectively more than wherein；
(10) mean strain and stretching, modulus of compressibility are calculated by below equation, and draws stress-strain diagram：
Wherein, n is pixel number, εiIt is the strain value of ith pixel point,It is field mean strain,For field averagely should
The increment of change, Δ σ is corresponding stress increment, and E is the elastic modelling quantity under high temperature.
Test efficiency of the present invention is high, realizes sample in room temperature to 3000 DEG C of strain whole-field measuring, high temperature of temperature range
Stretching, compressive strength and modulus test.Accurate, the advantage of good stability with measurement is true in high temperature to characterizing and evaluating material
Mechanical property under Altitude is significant.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is 1000 DEG C of uniaxial tension whole audience strain figures of C/C materials；
Fig. 3 is 1000 DEG C of uniaxial tension stress-strain curve diagrams of C/C materials；
Fig. 4 is the position relationship top view of two CCD cameras and sample；
Fig. 5 is sub-district comparison diagram before and after sample deformation；
Fig. 6 is 1200 DEG C of uniaxial compression whole audience strain figures of C/C materials；
Fig. 7 is 1000 DEG C of single compressing stress strain curve figures of C/C materials.
Specific embodiment
Below according to Figure of description citing, the present invention will be further described：
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 1,4, the system of tested conductor material mechanical performance under a kind of vacuum environment, including high temperature deformation
Test subsystems, temperature control subsystem and loading subsystem,
High temperature deformation test subsystems include two CCD cameras 1, the computers 3 of LED blue-light sources 2 and first, two CCD
Camera 1 is connected by data wire with the first computer 3, and LED blue-light sources 2 are used to supplement single during view data is gathered
Color blue light, at the same before two camera lenses of CCD camera 1 plus arrowband blue color filter, the first computer 3 records and preserves two
The view data that CCD camera 1 is collected；
Temperature control subsystem includes double color comparator pyrometer 4, electrode 5, temperature control box 6 and second computers 7, double color comparator pyrometers 4
It is connected with temperature control box 6 by optical fiber, electrode 5 is connected by live wire with temperature control box 6, and temperature control box 6 is connected with second computer 7,
The temperature data of measurement is fed back to second computer 7 by double color comparator pyrometers 4 by temperature control box 6, and second computer 7 uses PID
Control program adjusts the size of output current by temperature control box 6, specimen temperature is adjusted, it is ensured that temperature in process of the test
Stabilization；
Loading subsystem includes mechanics machine 8, high-temperature clamp 9, vacuum environment cabin 10, and high-temperature clamp 9 is in vacuum environment
In cabin, high-temperature clamp 9 is connected by screw thread with the connecting rod of mechanics machine 8, the connecting rod of vacuum environment cabin 10 and mechanics machine 8
Connected by closed metal bellows, stretching or compression process are carried out in vacuum environment cabin 10, before and after vacuum environment cabin 10
Silica glass window 11 is left, the clamping sample of high-temperature clamp 9, sample is loaded by mechanics machine, and second computer 7 is gathered simultaneously
Displacement and load data in record process of the test, the wall of vacuum environment cabin 10 and high-temperature clamp 9 are hollow design, in process of the test
Recirculated cooling water is passed through, the temperature of the bulkhead of vacuum environment 10 and high-temperature clamp is reduced.Close the position of two described CCD cameras 1
It is symmetric in sample, two angles of CCD camera 1 are 20 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
Using the test side of tested conductor material mechanical performance under a kind of vacuum environment that the system of embodiment 1 draws
Method is as follows：
(1) high-temperature speckle is made to material surface by the way of hairbrush splash, is first dried at normal temperatures, then in drying box
Dried 2 hours in 92 DEG C of environment；Sample outward appearance is checked, specimen surface state is numbered and record, with kind of calliper sample marking distance area
Width and thickness, average at any 3, and record data such as table 1；Sample is installed, it is ensured that the drawing of sample axis and testing machine
Power axis overlaps；
Table 1
(2) three sections of the upper, middle and lower of double color comparator pyrometers is adjusted, makes it indicate laser to beat three sections of the upper, middle and lower in sample respectively,
And ensure that fastening is not rocked；The position for adjusting two CCD cameras is symmetric on sample, and two CCD camera angles are 20
DEG C, while adjusting LED blue-light sources, making size of the sample in the display of the first computer, exposure is clear；
(3) removal is preloaded, and closes door for vacuum chamber, intake valve and vent valve；Vacuumize, when the vacuum in vacuum environment cabin
After reaching test requirements document, the force cell of mechanics machine resets, and using Bit andits control, speed is 2mm/min, and sample is entered
Go and preload 200N, and it is preloaded in temperature-rise period and keep constant, to ensure the close contact of sample and fixture；
(4) electrode switch is opened, is started and is heated up, heating rate is 20 DEG C/s, after equitemperature reaches target temperature, by displacement
Loading, loading speed is 1mm/min, until off-test；
(5) after off-test, heating power supply is closed, end temp control preserves displacement, load data, the figure of CCD camera
Picture data, as shown in Figure 2；
(6) gray processing treatment is carried out to view data, a matrix will be converted into per two field picture, the position of matrix is pixel
The position of point, it is corresponding gray value to be worth；
(7) as shown in figure 5, being divided into different unit grids to image array, the size of each unit for (2M+1) ×
(2M+1), the width of 2M+1 representative units, unit is pixel, sub-district center point coordinate (x0,y0), it is (x that its is more adjacenti,
yi), coordinate is changed into (x ' respectively after deformation0,y′0), more adjacent is (x 'i,y′i), f (xi,yi) it is reference picture sub-district midpoint
(xi,yi) gray value, g (x 'i,y′i) it is image subsection midpoint (x ' after deformationi,y′i) the horizontal displacement of gray value .P points be u,
Vertical displacement is v, and the horizontal displacement of Q points is uQ, vertical displacement is vQ, the relation between both displacements is：
Δ x=xi-x0, Δ y=yi-y0
Relation before and after Q point deformation between coordinate is
x′i=xi+uQ,y′i=yi+vQ
Using following correlation function：
IfBy relation above, obtain
C(xi,yi,x′i,y′i)=C (P)
By iterative algorithm, P values, i.e. displacement field are determined；
(9) after obtaining displacement field, by shape function, related strain field is obtained：
The strain of x directions, the strain of y directions and the shearing strain in x-y faces are respectively more than wherein；
(10) as shown in figure 3, calculating mean strain and stretch modulus by below equation, and stress-strain diagram is drawn：
Wherein, n is pixel number, εiIt is the strain value of ith pixel point,It is field mean strain,For field averagely should
The increment of change, Δ σ is corresponding stress increment, and E is the elastic modelling quantity under high temperature.
Embodiment 3
The test method that this implementation is used is with embodiment 2, the difference is that being compressed to sample using mechanics machine, obtains
As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, test data result is as shown in table 2 for the result for arriving：
Table 2
Claims (3)
1. under a kind of vacuum environment tested conductor material mechanical performance system, including high temperature deformation test subsystems, temperature
Control subsystem and loading subsystem, it is characterised in that：
High temperature deformation test subsystems include two CCD cameras, blue-light source and the first computers, and two CCD cameras are by number
It is connected with the first computer according to line, blue-light source is used to supplement ultra-blue-light during view data is gathered, while two
The blue color filter of before the camera lens of individual CCD camera plus arrowband, the first computer recording simultaneously preserves the figure that two CCD cameras are collected
As data；
Temperature control subsystem includes double color comparator pyrometer, electrode, temperature control box and second computers, double color comparator pyrometers by optical fiber and
Temperature control box is connected, and electrode is connected by live wire with temperature control box, and temperature control box is connected with second computer, and double color comparator pyrometers will be surveyed
The temperature data of amount feeds back to second computer by temperature control box, and second computer is adjusted using PID control program by temperature control box
The size of output current is saved, specimen temperature is adjusted, it is ensured that the stabilization of temperature in process of the test；
Loading subsystem include mechanics machine, high-temperature clamp, vacuum environment cabin, high-temperature clamp in vacuum environment cabin, high temperature
Fixture is connected with the connecting rod of mechanics machine, and vacuum environment cabin passes through closed metal bellows with the connecting rod of mechanics machine
Connection, stretching or compression process are carried out in vacuum environment cabin, and silica glass window, high-temperature clamp are left before and after vacuum environment cabin
Clamping sample, sample is loaded by mechanics machine, and second computer is gathered and records the displacement in process of the test and charge number
According to.
2. under a kind of vacuum environment according to claim 1 tested conductor material mechanical performance system, its feature
It is：The position of two described CCD cameras is symmetric on sample, and two CCD camera angles are 20 DEG C.
3. the system of tested conductor material mechanical performance is obtained under a kind of vacuum environment according to claim 1 one
The method of testing of tested conductor material mechanical performance, as follows under kind vacuum environment：
(1) make high-temperature speckle to by the way of hairbrush splash material surface, first dry at normal temperatures, then in 92 DEG C of drying box
Dried 2 hours in environment；Sample outward appearance is checked, specimen surface state is numbered and record, with kind of calliper sample marking distance area any 3
Place width and thickness, average；Sample is installed, it is ensured that the connecting rod axis of sample axis and testing machine overlaps；
(2) three sections of the upper, middle and lower of double color comparator pyrometers is adjusted, makes it indicate laser to beat three sections of the upper, middle and lower in sample respectively, and protect
Card fastening is not rocked；The position for adjusting two CCD cameras is symmetric on sample, and two CCD camera angles are 20 DEG C, together
When adjust blue-light source, make size of the sample in the display of the first computer, exposure is clear；
(3) removal is preloaded, and closes door for vacuum chamber, intake valve and vent valve；Vacuumize, when the vacuum in vacuum environment cabin reaches
After test requirements document, the force cell of mechanics machine resets, and using Bit andits control, speed is 2mm/min, sample is carried out pre-
200N is loaded, and it is preloaded in temperature-rise period and keep constant, to ensure the close contact of sample and fixture；
(4) open electrode switch, start and heat up, heating rate is 20 DEG C/s, after equitemperature reaches target temperature, by displacement plus
Carry, loading speed is 1mm/min, until off-test；
(5) after off-test, heating power supply is closed, end temp control preserves displacement, load data, the picture number of CCD camera
According to；
(6) gray processing treatment is carried out to view data, a matrix will be converted into per two field picture, the position correspondence of numerical value in matrix
The position of respective pixel point, the corresponding gray value of numerical values recited correspondence；
(7) different unit grids are divided into image array, the size of each unit is (2M+1) × (2M+1), and 2M+1 is represented
The width of unit, unit is pixel, sub-district center point coordinate (x0,y0), it is (x that its is more adjacenti,yi), coordinate difference after deformation
It is changed into (x '0,y′0), more adjacent is (x 'i,y′i), f (xi,yi) it is reference picture sub-district midpoint (xi,yi) gray value, g
(x′i,y′i) it is image subsection midpoint (x ' after deformationi,y′i) the horizontal displacement of gray value .P points be u, vertical displacement is v, Q points
Horizontal displacement is uQ, vertical displacement is vQ, the relation between both displacements is：
Δ x=xi-x0, Δ y=yi-y0
Relation before and after Q point deformation between coordinate is
x′i=xi+uQ,y′i=yi+vQ
Using following correlation function：
IfBy relation above, obtain
C(xi,yi,x′i,y′i)=C (P)
By iterative algorithm, P values, i.e. displacement field are determined；
(9) after obtaining displacement field, by derivation, related strain field is obtained：
The strain of x directions, the strain of y directions and the shearing strain in x-y faces are respectively more than wherein；
(10) mean strain and stretching, modulus of compressibility are calculated by below equation, and draws stress-strain diagram：
Wherein, n is pixel number, εiIt is the strain value of ith pixel point,It is field mean strain,It is the increasing of field mean strain
Amount, Δ σ is corresponding stress increment, and E is the elastic modelling quantity under high temperature.
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