CN106595776A - Distributed fiber multi-physical-quantity sensing system and method - Google Patents
Distributed fiber multi-physical-quantity sensing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106595776A CN106595776A CN201710114235.7A CN201710114235A CN106595776A CN 106595776 A CN106595776 A CN 106595776A CN 201710114235 A CN201710114235 A CN 201710114235A CN 106595776 A CN106595776 A CN 106595776A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed fiber multi-physical-quantity sensing system, and belongs to the technical field of a sensor. The sensing system comprises a laser pulse generation unit and a sensing optical cable, which are connected with the input end and the output end of a wavelength division multiplexing realization unit respectively. The output end of the wavelength division multiplexing realization unit is also connected with the input end of a light detection unit and the input end of a data acquisition unit in sequence; the output end of the data acquisition unit is connected with the input end of a signal generator through a computer; and the output end of the signal generator is connected with the input end of the laser pulse generation unit. The laser pulse generation unit comprises an acoustic optical modulator and a band-pass filter connected with the input end and the output end of an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) circulator respectively, wherein the input end of the acoustic optical modulator is connected with a 1550 nm narrow linewidth laser and the signal generator. The invention also provides a distributed fiber multi-physical-quantity sensing method. Simultaneous sensing of two physical quantities of vibration and temperature is realized on the same single-mode fiber.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor technical field, many physical quantity sensor-based systems of more particularly to a kind of distribution type fiber-optic and side
Method.
Background technology
With heavy constructions such as expanding economy and the continuous improvement of scientific and technological level, bridge, dam, tunnel, piping lanes
More and more emerge in large numbers in various places.But caused due to natural disaster, the problem of self structure or other artificial factors
Accident occurs repeatedly, and the security of the lives and property for giving people brings huge loss.Therefore, to these buildings
Health status carry out effectively monitoring and are particularly important,
Multiple physical quantitys of the existing method generally by monitoring building, the such as change of temperature, vibration, ess-strain etc.
The health status for changing to reflect indirectly fabric structure, and early warning is carried out to potential danger when necessary.Typically now lead to
Cross sensor to be monitored physical quantity, distributed fiberoptic sensor can realize the survey of different physical quantities according to different principles
Amount, the such as temperature sensing based on Raman scattering, based on the vibration of Rayleigh scattering, stress sensing, answering based on Brillouin scattering
Power, strain, temperature sensing etc..But, either health monitoring or potential danger monitoring, the distribution type fiber-optic of single one physical amount
Sensor can not meet the demand of numerous applications.
In 2002, relevant report disclosed the technology that temperature and strain are measured simultaneously, but does not also have in prior art
While the method for measurement temperature and vibration.Belonging to existing temperature, the technology of vibration monitoring more single one physical amount point type or
Distributed fiber optic sensing mode, needs the combination of multiple stage instrument if it will realize distributed vibration, temperature simultaneously measuring.Not only
It is relatively costly and complicated using process.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of many physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic and method, to solve existing skill
Art is while the complicated problem of measurement temperature and vibration processes.
To realize object above, the technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of first aspect, there is provided many things of distribution type fiber-optic
Reason amount sensor-based system, including：Realize that the laser pulse that the input of unit, outfan are connected respectively occurs respectively with wavelength-division multiplex
Unit, sensing optic cable, wavelength-division multiplex realize that the outfan of unit is also connected with the input of optical detecting unit, optical detecting unit
Outfan is connected with the input of data acquisition unit, and the outfan of data acquisition unit passes through the input of computer and signal generator
End connection, the outfan of signal generator are connected with the input of laser pulse generating unit；
Wherein, described laser pulse generating unit include respectively with fiber amplifier EDFA（11）Input, outfan connect
The acousto-optic modulator that connects, band filter, the input of acousto-optic modulator is respectively with 1550nmNarrow linewidth laser and signal
Generator connects.
A kind of second aspect, there is provided many physical quantity method for sensing of distribution type fiber-optic, including：
Computer export control signal produces modulated signal with drive signal generator to signal generator, and signal generator will be produced
Raw modulated signal is exported to acousto-optic modulator；
The modulation signal that acousto-optic modulator is exported according to signal generator is by 1550nmThe laser arteries and veins of narrow linewidth laser output
Capable coding is rushed in, laser sequence pulse is obtained and is sent to fiber amplifier EDFA；
Fiber amplifier EDFA is amplified to the laser sequence pulse being input into, and the laser sequence pulse after being amplified simultaneously sends
To band filter；
The impulse attenuation of frequency beyond expected frequence scope is fallen by band filter, obtains the laser sequence in the range of expected frequence
Pulse simultaneously sends to wavelength-division multiplex and realizes unit；
Wavelength-division multiplex realizes that unit carries out coupling processing and by after coupling processing to the laser sequence pulse in the range of expected frequence
Laser pulse send to sensing optic cable；
Along optical fiber backtracking and by wavelength-division multiplex, the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable realizes that unit is sent to optical detecting unit；
Optical detecting unit is converted into the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable after the signal of telecommunication and is sent to computer by optical detecting unit；
Computer is processed to the signal of telecommunication for receiving, and obtains vibration and two physical quantitys of temperature.
Compared with prior art, there is following technique effect in the present invention：The present invention adopts 1550nmNarrow linewidth laser, sound
The compound mode of photomodulator coding, fiber amplifier EDF circulators, band filter and signal generator, will be based on phase place
The distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology of sensitive distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology and opportunity Raman scattering is merged, and is solved
Determine temperature, laser instrument compatibling problem when vibration is measured simultaneously.It is 1550 from wavelengthnmLaser instrument as light source, the ripple
Long loss in a fiber basically reaches theoretical limit, and the property of the detector commonly used relative to distributing optical fiber sensing
The limit of detector itself can be also nearly reached.Nonlinear effect in optical fiber can be suppressed, do not reduced by combinations thereof mode
Distance sensing, do not change spatial resolution on the premise of, simultaneously allow multigroup laser pulse in optical fiber by way of coded combination
Middle transmission, so as to indirectly improve the energy of the laser pulse for transmitting in a fiber, finally improves distributed sensing system
Signal to noise ratio.Can realize measuring while vibration and temperature on same single-mode fiber.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of many physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is OTDR ultimate principle figures in one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic flow sheet of many physical quantity method for sensing of distribution type fiber-optic in one embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in figure 1, present embodiment discloses a kind of many physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic, including：Respectively with ripple
Divide and be multiplexed laser pulse generating unit 10, the sensing optic cable 30 realized the input of unit 20, outfan and connect respectively, wavelength-division is multiple
Also it is connected with the input of optical detecting unit 40 with the outfan for realizing unit 20, outfan and the data of optical detecting unit 40 are adopted
The input connection of storage 50, the outfan of data acquisition unit 50 are connected with the input of signal generator 60 by computer,
The outfan of signal generator 60 is connected with the input of laser pulse generating unit 10；
Wherein, described laser pulse generating unit 10 includes that input respectively with fiber amplifier EDFA11, outfan connect
The acousto-optic modulator 12 that connects, band filter 13, the input of acousto-optic modulator 12 respectively with 1550nm narrow linewidth lasers 14
And signal generator 60 connects.
Wherein, multigroup laser pulse is produced by laser pulse generating unit 10, multigroup laser pulse is transmitted in a fiber,
The intensity of laser pulse can be improved indirectly, is improved the signal to noise ratio of distributed sensing system output, and then is improved distributed sensing
Device performance.
In the present embodiment, it should be noted that distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology φ based on phase sensitive-OTDR
With the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology based on Raman scatteringROTDRAll it is in optical time domain reflection technologyOTDROn grow up
, therefore the two has identical structure on hardware configuration.WhereinOTDRThe theory diagram of technology is as shown in Fig. 2 its work
As principle it is：The laser that pulsed laser light source sends is entered in sensor fibre after wavelength division multiplexer coupling, and pulse laser exists
Scattering phenomenon can occur during transmitting in optical fiber, wherein, back-scattering light includes Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering and background of cloth
The scattered lights such as deep pool scattering are along backtracking and again pass by wavelength division multiplexer in detector, and optical signal is changed by detector
To be gathered by data acquisition unit after the signal of telecommunication, and process and display in being finally transferred to computer.
But, for Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, laser instrument exports live width, pulse width and its peak work of laser
Rate is all the important parameter for determining sensor performance.In actual applications, these parameters premise for using of cooperation that carries out arranging in pairs or groups is
There is non-linear phenomena during transmitting in a fiber in laser to be avoided.Due to φ-OTDRSystem withROTDRSystem is most basic
Difference be LASER Light Source characteristic difference, φ-OTDRSystem it is desirable that super-narrow line width pulse laser,ROTDRSystem is needed
What is wanted is higher pulse power, to obtain more Raman scattering photons.Therefore, under the restriction of non-linear threshold, narrow line
Parameter that is wide and with high power being conflict.
And distributed fiberoptic sensor is as other optical pickocffs, the noise of its performance and detector output signal
Than directly related, therefore, it is to improve the necessary means of sensor performance to improve signal to noise ratio.By analysis, the letter of detector output
Make an uproar than relevant with the performance of the intensity of laser pulse, the loss of optical fiber and detector.Wherein, the loss of optical fiber with
And the performance of detector is restricted by device performance itself, then detector can only be improved by the intensity of change laser pulse
The signal to noise ratio of output.The intensity of laser pulse is determined by pulse peak power, pulse width.Due to the laser arteries and veins transmitted in optical fiber
Rush peak power to be limited and infinitely can not be improved by non-linear effectiveness threshold value in optical fiber, improve when light source pulse width is increased
During detection signal-to-noise ratio, the spatial resolution of system can be caused to reduce, therefore, how by improving the intensity of laser pulse improving
System output signal-to-noise ratio is the difficult problem for needing in the present embodiment to solve.
The method of existing improvement system output signal-to-noise ratio is：Letter is realized by way of multi collect signal cumulative mean
Make an uproar than improvement.In actual applications, it is for the sensing of the tempolabile signals such as temperature, ess-strain, tired by multi collect signal
Plus average mode improves signal to noise ratio and has no problem, but for the sensing of this transition of vibration, cumulative mean
Mode can directly reduce the sensing capabilities of sensor.Compared with the above-mentioned existing method for improving signal to noise ratio, the present embodiment is adopted
Laser pulse coding techniques allows multigroup laser pulse to transmit in a fiber by way of coded combination simultaneously, so as to indirectly carry
The high intensity of laser pulse, realizes the improvement of system output signal-to-noise ratio.
Further, wavelength-division multiplex realizes that unit 20 includes circulator 21 and wavelength division multiplexer WDM22；
The input of circulator 21, outfan outfan respectively with band filter 13, the input of wavelength division multiplexer WDM22
Connection, the outfan of wavelength division multiplexer WDM22 are connected with sensing optic cable 30.
Further, optical detecting unit 40 includes photodiode 41 and avalanche photodide 42；
The input of photodiode 41, outfan outfan respectively with circulator 21, the input of data acquisition unit 50 connect
Connect；
The input of avalanche photodide 42, outfan outfan respectively with wavelength division multiplexer WDM22, data acquisition unit 50
Input connection.
Wherein, the laser sequence pulse that band filter 10 is exported is by multigroup laser pulse according to certain width interval group
Into.Laser sequence pulse is transmitted the back-scattering light of generation in a fiber along backtracking and realizes unit 20 by wavelength-division multiplex
Export to optical detecting unit 40.Specifically, back-scattering light includes the light of three kinds of different wave lengths, respectively 1550nm、1663nm
And 1451nm.Wherein, the wavelength of the laser pulse that circulator 21 is sent to photodiode PIN41 is 1550nm, wavelength-division is multiple
The wavelength of the two groups of laser pulses sent to avalanche photodide APD42 with device WDM22 is respectively 1663nmAnd 1451nm。
As shown in figure 3, present embodiment discloses many physical quantity method for sensing of distribution type fiber-optic, comprise the steps S1 extremely
S8：
S1, computer export control signal produce modulated signal with drive signal generator 60 to signal generator 60, and signal is sent out
Raw device exports the modulated signal of generation to acousto-optic modulator 12；
The modulation signal that S2, acousto-optic modulator 12 are exported according to signal generator 60 is by 1550nmNarrow linewidth laser 14 is exported
Laser pulse encoded, obtain laser sequence pulse and send to fiber amplifier EDFA11；
S3, fiber amplifier EDFA11 are amplified to the laser sequence pulse being input into, the laser sequence pulse after being amplified
And send to band filter 13；
The impulse attenuation of frequency beyond expected frequence scope is fallen by S4, band filter 13, obtains swashing in the range of expected frequence
Light train pulse simultaneously sends to wavelength-division multiplex and realizes unit 20；
It should be noted that expected frequence scope refers to the frequency range of laser sequence pulse, bandpass filtering in the present embodiment
The pulse of frequency beyond the frequency range of laser sequence pulse is to produce when fiber amplifier EDFA11 is amplified process by device 13
Raw noise removes.
S5, wavelength-division multiplex realize that unit 20 carries out coupling processing and by coupling to the laser sequence pulse in the range of expected frequence
Laser pulse after conjunction is processed is sent to sensing optic cable 30；
Along optical fiber backtracking and by wavelength-division multiplex, S6, the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable 30 realize that unit 20 is sent to light inspection
Survey unit 40；
S7, optical detecting unit 40 are converted into the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable 30 after the signal of telecommunication and are sent by optical detecting unit 40
To computer；
S8, computer are processed to the signal of telecommunication for receiving, and obtain vibration and two physical quantitys of temperature.
It should be noted that the invention thought that the present embodiment discloses scheme protection is to be dissolved into laser pulse coding techniques
Distributed optical fiber vibration and temperature be simultaneously in sensing technology, to realize sensing while two kinds of physical quantitys.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to limit the present invention, all spirit in the present invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. many physical quantity sensor-based systems of a kind of distribution type fiber-optic, it is characterised in that include：Unit is realized with wavelength-division multiplex respectively
（20）Input, the laser pulse generating unit that connects respectively of outfan（10）, sensing optic cable（30）, wavelength-division multiplex is realized single
Unit（20）Outfan also with optical detecting unit（40）Input connection, optical detecting unit（40）Outfan and data acquisition
Device（50）Input connection, data acquisition unit（50）Outfan pass through computer and signal generator（60）Input connect
Connect, signal generator（60）Outfan and laser pulse generating unit（10）Input connection；
Wherein, described laser pulse generating unit（10）Including respectively with fiber amplifier EDFA（11）Input, output
The acousto-optic modulator of end connection（12）, band filter（13）, acousto-optic modulator（12）Input respectively with 1550nmNarrow line
Wide laser instrument（14）And signal generator（60）Connection.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described wavelength-division multiplex realizes unit（20）Including circulator
（21）With wavelength division multiplexer WDM（22）；
Circulator（21）Input, outfan respectively with band filter（13）Outfan, wavelength division multiplexer WDM（22）'s
Input connects, wavelength division multiplexer WDM（22）Outfan and sensing optic cable（30）Connection.
3. system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described optical detecting unit（40）Including photodiode（41）
And avalanche photodide（42）；
Photodiode（41）Input, outfan respectively with circulator（21）Outfan, data acquisition unit（50）It is defeated
Enter end connection；
Avalanche photodide（42）Input, outfan respectively with wavelength division multiplexer WDM（22）Outfan, data acquisition
Device（50）Input connection.
4. many physical quantity method for sensing of a kind of distribution type fiber-optic, it is characterised in that include：
S1, computer export control signal are to signal generator（60）With drive signal generator（60）Produce modulated signal, letter
Number generator exports the modulated signal of generation to acousto-optic modulator（12）；
S2, acousto-optic modulator（12）According to signal generator（60）The modulation signal of output is by 1550nmNarrow linewidth laser
（14）The laser pulse of output is encoded, and is obtained laser sequence pulse and is sent to fiber amplifier EDFA（11）；
S3, fiber amplifier EDFA（11）Laser sequence pulse to being input into is amplified, the laser sequence arteries and veins after being amplified
Rush and send to band filter（13）；
S4, band filter（13）The impulse attenuation of frequency beyond expected frequence scope is fallen, is obtained in the range of expected frequence
Laser sequence pulse simultaneously sends to wavelength-division multiplex and realizes unit（20）；
S5, wavelength-division multiplex realize unit（20）Coupling processing is carried out to the laser sequence pulse in the range of expected frequence and will be coupled
Laser pulse after process is sent to sensing optic cable（30）；
S6, sensing optic cable（30）Back-scattering light realize unit along optical fiber backtracking and by wavelength-division multiplex（20）Send to
Optical detecting unit（40）；
S7, optical detecting unit（40）By sensing optic cable（30）Back-scattering light be converted into after the signal of telecommunication by optical detecting unit
（40）Send to computer；
S8, computer are processed to the signal of telecommunication for receiving, and obtain vibration and two physical quantitys of temperature.
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| CN201710114235.7A CN106595776B (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2017-02-28 | A kind of more physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic and method |
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| CN107238415A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-10 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | For detecting the temperature of fully distributed fiber and the sensor of vibration position |
| CN107727226A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-23 | 电子科技大学 | The oil-gas pipeline safety detection method perceived based on optical fiber |
| CN108534910A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-14 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of distributed dual sampling method based on Asymmetric Twin-Core Fiber |
| CN108680200A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-19 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | environmental monitoring system, method and device |
| CN109067460A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-21 | 北京大学 | A kind of optical fibre ring Propagation Simulation system based on distributed feedback laser |
| CN109210385A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-01-15 | 张益平 | A kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system and method based on Phase-OTDR |
| CN110132329A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-16 | 汕头大学 | Stress, temperature and vibration compound detection fibre optical sensor and signal processing method |
| CN111121873A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 武汉奥旭正源电力科技有限公司 | Distributed optical fiber sensing device |
| CN111473952A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-31 | 武汉光迅信息技术有限公司 | Optical fiber sensing device |
| CN113167604A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-07-23 | 日本电气株式会社 | Optical fiber sensing expansion device and optical fiber sensing system |
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| CN107238415A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-10 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | For detecting the temperature of fully distributed fiber and the sensor of vibration position |
| CN107727226A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-23 | 电子科技大学 | The oil-gas pipeline safety detection method perceived based on optical fiber |
| CN108534910A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-14 | 浙江师范大学 | A kind of distributed dual sampling method based on Asymmetric Twin-Core Fiber |
| CN108680200A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-19 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | environmental monitoring system, method and device |
| CN109210385A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-01-15 | 张益平 | A kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system and method based on Phase-OTDR |
| CN109067460A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-21 | 北京大学 | A kind of optical fibre ring Propagation Simulation system based on distributed feedback laser |
| CN113167604A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-07-23 | 日本电气株式会社 | Optical fiber sensing expansion device and optical fiber sensing system |
| CN113167604B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2023-11-28 | 日本电气株式会社 | Optical fiber sensing expansion device and optical fiber sensing system |
| CN110132329A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-16 | 汕头大学 | Stress, temperature and vibration compound detection fibre optical sensor and signal processing method |
| CN111121873A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 武汉奥旭正源电力科技有限公司 | Distributed optical fiber sensing device |
| CN111473952A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-31 | 武汉光迅信息技术有限公司 | Optical fiber sensing device |
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