CN106570560B - Driving style quantitative evaluation method based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration - Google Patents

Driving style quantitative evaluation method based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration Download PDF

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CN106570560B
CN106570560B CN201610944269.4A CN201610944269A CN106570560B CN 106570560 B CN106570560 B CN 106570560B CN 201610944269 A CN201610944269 A CN 201610944269A CN 106570560 B CN106570560 B CN 106570560B
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driving behavior
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space reconfiguration
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张笑钦
胡杰
叶修梓
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Wenzhou University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of driving style quantitative evaluation methods based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration, the influence of environment is eliminated by this method, it proposes by carrying out standard condition test based on personalized driving person's model to realize the standardization of driving behavior, then the different driving style of quantitative assessment, phase space reconfiguration is carried out to standardization driving behavior, it proposes a kind of driving style index based on correlation dimension, drives radical degree for being quantitatively evaluated.

Description

Driving style quantitative evaluation method based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration
Technical field
The present invention relates to intelligent transportation fields, more particularly to one kind based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration The driving style quantitative evaluation method of (Phase Space Reconstruction).
Background technique
An important factor for driving style is intelligent transportation, safe driving and new car testing field common concern.Driving style It is mainly different because of driver personality, while also by environmental factor, it is mainly shown as to the manipulation of throttle/brake pedal.Drive wind Lattice and traffic accident and fuel economy are closely related, so-called " ten times accident nine times fast ", and radical driving often consumes more More fuel oils.Automobile industry, which generallys use the pilot model similar to PID controller, can not show any driving style.But It is that driving style must be taken into consideration again, for example, the fuel economy of radical type driver is poor, therefore, motor corporation would generally be employed The driver for hiring different-style tests automotive performance on public way.On the other hand, many researchs are dedicated to driving The classification and identification of style, for example, generally can be divided into mild, moderate type, radical type, however, due to the shadow by subjective factor It rings, classification results are usually fuzzy and rough.Therefore, objective and quantitative assessment is carried out with important research to driving style Meaning.
Has more research to the identification of driving style.Kedar-Dongarkar is based on energy consumption and optimizes driving style Driver is divided into conservative, moderate type and radical by acceleration, brake, speed and throttle opening by classification method Type;Langari classifies to driving style by the ratio of average acceleration and acceleration standard deviation and acceleration; Murphey etc. proposes the Style Analysis Methods based on acceleration inverse;Qi etc. is according to follow-up time and apart from driving style It is divided into vigilant type, moderate type and radical type;Vaitkus is based on acceleration information and use KNN algorithm, realizes oneself of driving style Dynamic identification;Finally, Aljafreh utilizes the norm and speed of automobile transverse direction/longitudinal acceleration, establish based on fuzzy reasoning Driving style categorizing system.
As can be seen that above-mentioned driver style identification is normally based on different-style driver and is acquired in various environment Driving data including brake pressure, accelerator open degree, throttle opening, acceleration, speed etc., the qualitative classification carried out And identification.In addition, the difference of road conditions can bring difficulty to the identification of driving style, because driving behavior can change correspondingly, for example, Mild driver can frequently touch on the brake in the case where congestion and throttle, shows certain radical style, and radical type is in height It can keep relatively stable travel speed on fast road, therefore that judgement is carried out under identical operating condition is just more reasonable for style identification.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome shortcoming and defect of the existing technology, and one kind is provided and is driven based on standardization The driving style quantitative evaluation method for sailing behavior and phase space reconfiguration eliminates the influence of environment by this method, proposes logical It crosses and standard condition test is carried out to realize the standardization of driving behavior based on personalized driving person's model, then quantitative assessment is different Driving style, to standardization driving behavior carry out phase space reconfiguration, propose a kind of driving style index based on correlation dimension, Radical degree is driven for being quantitatively evaluated.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that the following steps are included:
(1) travelling data that true environment acquires is standardized and obtains standardized driving behavior, the driving Data are characterized by throttle opening;
(2) phase space reconfiguration is carried out to the driving behavior after standardization, and calculates correlation dimension, when obtaining throttle opening Between sequence correlation dimension TDR;
(3) style index StyIn is calculated using formula (1), for the radical degree driven to be quantitatively evaluated
In formulaIndicate that numerical value std_e rounds up, TDR indicates the correlation dimension of throttle opening time series Number;The standard deviation of std_e expression velocity error.
It includes following sub-step that further setting, which is the step (1):
Firstly, based on the Typical Representative RBF Function Network of locality neural network, using the direct inverse of study control Modelling establishes pilot model;
Secondly, being tested using the simulative automobile that the pilot model carries out federal test circulation FTP-72 standard condition, survey The rate curve that standard condition FTP-72 is followed when examination realizes the standardization of driving behavior.
Further setting is that the step (2) specifically includes following sub-step:
Firstly, carrying out phase space reconfiguration to the driving behavior after standardization using time-delay technique;
Secondly, calculating correlation dimension according to G-P algorithm.According to G-P algorithm, attractor correlation dimension is by following correlation intergal Export:
In formula, H (u) is Heaviside function, works as u>0, H (u)=1, when u<0, H (u)=0;||Xi-Xj| | it is two vectors Between distance;R is the radius of hypersphere in phase space, is lesser positive number;N is sequence length.And have
When r → 0 (3)
Wherein, DRAs correlation dimension, DRIt can be found out by following formula
Asymptote of the curve lnr~lnC (r) in r → 0 is straight line, and slope is exactly DR
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the driving behavior standardized system proposed by the invention based on personalized driving person's model and standard condition can To effectively eliminate influence of the road conditions to driving style, keep driving style evaluation more reasonable.
2, driving behavior phase space reconfiguration proposed by the present invention then can effectively characterize the feature of driving style, therefore, this Invention in fact can carry out refinement assessment to driving style, and be not limited to mild/moderate/radical such rude classification.
3, the present invention also provides one for driving behavior living things feature recognition, abnormal behaviour early warning and automotive test etc. New effective way.
The present invention is described further with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the driver style quantitative assessment process of the invention based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration Figure;
Fig. 2 is driving behavior standardized system block diagram of the invention;
Phase space reconfiguration track example of original throttle opening (TP) signal of Fig. 3 present invention when Embedded dimensions are equal to 2 Display diagram;
Fig. 4 is phase space reconfiguration rail of original throttle opening (TP) signal of the present invention when Embedded dimensions are equal to 3 respectively Mark example display diagram;
Fig. 5 is phase space reconfiguration rail of throttle opening (TP) signal when Embedded dimensions are equal to 2 after present invention standardization Mark example display diagram;
Fig. 6 is phase space reconfiguration track example of the throttle opening (TP) when Embedded dimensions are equal to 3 after present invention standardization Sub- display diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, is served only for that invention is further explained, no It can be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention, the technician in the field can be according to the content of foregoing invention to the present invention Make some nonessential modifications and adaptations.
As shown in figures 1 to 6, the present invention is that a kind of driver style based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration is fixed Evaluation method is measured, the hardware and programming language of method carrying out practically of the invention are not intended to limit, are write and be ok with any language It completes, other operating modes repeat no more thus.
The embodiment of the present invention is using a computer with Intel Core-i5 central processing unit and 4G byte of memory And the work based on standardization driving behavior and the driver style quantitative assessment of phase space reconfiguration has been worked out with Matlab language Program realizes method of the invention.
Before introducing specific steps, we first introduce the meaning of the symbol to be used below.
VS: car speed (Vehicle Speed);
TP: throttle opening (Throttle Position);
BP: brake pedal pressure size (Brake Pressure);
Driver style quantitative evaluation method based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration of the invention is mainly wrapped It includes the following three steps: driving behavior is standardized, standardizes driving behavior phase space reconfiguration, referred to based on correlation dimension formulation style Number, it is described that specific step is as follows:
(1) in order to eliminate the influence of environment, a kind of driving based on personalized driving person's model and standard condition is proposed Sail behavioral standard method.It mainly includes:
A) personalized driving person's model is established.As Fig. 2 (a) show the original of the pilot model based on Direct Inverse Model method Manage block diagram.In view of the highly discrete and local mutability, the present invention of real driving data use the allusion quotation of Local neural network Type represents foundation of the RBF Function Neural Network for pilot model.Assuming that the speed of t moment is VS (t), at this point, driver Throttle opening TP (t) or brake pedal BP (t) are operated, due to time delay, this operation influences vs (t+k), and (wherein k representative is prolonged The slow time).Using in practical travelling data vs (t+k) and Δ vs (t+k)=vs (t+k)-vs (t) as the defeated of neural network Enter, TP (t) and BP (t) signal are desired output, carry out repetition training to RBF network using practical travelling data, obtain final Pilot model.
B) driving behavior standardizes.Based on pilot model and standard condition, the driving behavior mark as shown in Fig. 2 (b) is established Quasi-ization system.Firstly, extracting (t+k) from the rate curve that the simulative automobile of federal test circulation FTP-72 standard condition is tested Desired speed vs of the moment speed vs (t+k) as t moment*(t), and its difference DELTA vs with actual vehicle speed vs ' (t) is calculated* [t]=vs*[t]-vs'[t];Secondly, with vs*(t) and Δ vs*The input of [t] as pilot model and pilot controller, point It is not sought and exports TPm (t), BPm (t) and TPp (t), BPp (t), is then output to the TP (t) and BP (t) of car model respectively It is
TP (t)=TPm (t)+TPp (t)
BP (t)=BPm (t)+BPp (t)
Finally, using current vehicle speed vs ' (t) and current throttle opening TP (t) and BP (t) as the defeated of car model Enter, due to time-lag action (z in Fig. 2 (b)-kIt is shown), TP (t) and BP (t) influences whether the speed vs ' (t+k) at (t+k) moment; Above step repeats, and completes the standardization of driving behavior.
(2) driving behavior phase space reconfiguration is standardized.With mild driver #1~#2, moderate type driver #1~#2, For radical type driver #1~#2.
First pass around step (1) driving behavior standardization.
Secondly, the time-delay technique again based on propositions such as Packard carries out phase space to standardization driving behavior (TP) Reconstruct.Assuming that TP time series is { tp (k), k=1,2 ..., N }, then some state vectors reconstructed in phase space can be with It indicates are as follows:
TPi=[tp (i), tp (i+ τ) ..., tp (i+ (m-1) τ)] i=1,2 ..., M (5)
Wherein M is the number thought in phase space reconstruction a little, and M=N- (m-1) τ, m and τ is Embedded dimensions and the time of system respectively Delay.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is three kinds of styles respectively after the driving behavior standardization of totally 6 drivers in Embedded dimensions m=2 and m Phase space reconfiguration trajectory diagram when=3.(such as Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), standard compared with the phase space reconfiguration track of original driving behavior The phase space reconfiguration track for changing driving behavior becomes apparent from the discrimination of different-style, while the driving characteristics of identical style are more Add it is similar, illustrate driving behavior standardization can effectively promote the representational of driving characteristics.
(3) style index is calculated based on correlation dimension.It mainly includes:
A) driving behavior is standardized according to step (1), driving behavior TP, BP and VS after being standardized, and counted Calculate velocity error VS-VSFTPStandard deviation std_e;
B) phase space reconfiguration is carried out to the driving behavior after standardization according to step (2), and is based on G-P algorithm, calculate TP Correlation dimension TDR.
C) according to resulting TDR and std_e is calculated, style index StyIn is calculated, i.e.,

Claims (2)

1. a kind of driving style quantitative evaluation method based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration, it is characterised in that including Following steps:
(1) travelling data that true environment acquires is standardized obtain standardized driving behavior data TP, BP, VS, and calculating speed error VS-VSFTPStandard deviation std_e, wherein VS indicate car speed, TP indicate throttle opening, BP Indicate brake pedal pressure, VSFTPIndicate the car speed based on federal test circulation FTP-72 standard condition;
(2) phase space reconfiguration is carried out to the driving behavior after standardization, and calculates correlation dimension, obtain throttle opening time sequence The correlation dimension TDR of column;The step (2) specifically includes following sub-step:
Firstly, carrying out phase space reconfiguration to the driving behavior after standardization using time-delay technique;
Secondly, calculating correlation dimension according to G-P algorithm;
(3) style index StyIn is calculated using formula (1), for the radical degree driven to be quantitatively evaluated
In formulaIndicate that numerical value std_e rounds up, TDR indicates the correlation dimension of throttle opening time series.
2. the driving style quantitative assessment side according to claim 1 based on standardization driving behavior and phase space reconfiguration Method, it is characterised in that:
The step (1) includes following sub-step:
Firstly, based on the Typical Representative RBF Function Network of locality neural network, using the Direct Inverse Model of study control Method establishes pilot model;
Secondly, being tested using the simulative automobile that the pilot model carries out federal test circulation FTP-72 standard condition, when test The rate curve for following standard condition FTP-72 realizes the standardization of driving behavior.
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