CN106568501A - Low-noise product sound quality objective parameter near-field detection method - Google Patents

Low-noise product sound quality objective parameter near-field detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106568501A
CN106568501A CN201610938464.6A CN201610938464A CN106568501A CN 106568501 A CN106568501 A CN 106568501A CN 201610938464 A CN201610938464 A CN 201610938464A CN 106568501 A CN106568501 A CN 106568501A
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sound quality
loudness
product
wave filter
frequency
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CN106568501B (en
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金江明
戢金国
卢奂采
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups

Abstract

The invention provides a low-noise product sound quality objective parameter near-field detection method. The method comprises the steps that 1) a microphones is used to acquire a product noise signal in the scope of an acoustic near-field (less than half-wavelength); 2) according to an algorithm which reflects the sound quality objective parameters (including loudness, sharpness and the like) of the subjective listening experience of a human, the sound quality objective parameter value of a product near-field acoustic signal is calculated; and 3) through the comparison with the detection results of other methods, the product qualification threshold value or the typical fault characteristic of a substandard product is determined, and products with abnormal sound quality objective parameter indicators are removed to distinguish qualified and substandard products.

Description

The objective parameter near-field detection method of sound quality of low noise emission product
Technical field：
The present invention relates to the skill such as the objective parameter of noise control, psychoacousticss, sound quality, product quality inspection, computational methods Art field, is in particular the objective Parametric Detection evaluation methodology of sound quality based on the low noise emission product of acoustics near field measurement.
Background technology：
The auditory perception of the irritating noise source meeting severe exacerbation people of some low sound pressure levels, such as shaver, automotive seat drive The substandard products such as dynamic device produce sharp squeak when working.Whether the noise of product smooth out, it is not irritating be to determine such product Whether product are qualified, the key factor of Improving The Quality of Products.As the sound pressure level of such product radiated noise is low, spectrum distribution width, Conventional sound pressure level is detected, feature abnormal sound frequency analysis method cannot effective district division lattice and substandard product.Scripture offers investigation, Do not find that a kind of maturation method can assess such product with effective detection.At present, enterprise employs the method that human ear is directly listened To distinguish qualified and substandard product, manual method exist testing result cannot quantitative description, poor reliability, work efficiency it is low It is not enough.
For auditory perception of the quantitative description human ear to sound, so as to provide foundation for the quality testing of die pressing product in a low voice, Researcher proposes the objective parameter of amount-sound quality that can reflect people to sound subjective feeling.The sound quality that Blauet is given is fixed Justice is：" sound quality " refers to that people, by Auditory Perception of the human ear to sound event, makes the process that hobby judges subjective.And The description of sound quality quality can by series reaction on noise on human subjective emotion influence degree index (such as loudness, sharp Degree etc.) representing.
On the other hand, in the acoustics near field measurement of low noise emission product (sound source), microphone can capture conventional sound Not obtainable evanescent wave (evanescent wave) when learning far-field measurement.Evanescent wave be by structure less than sound wave in air Wavelength vibration wave radiates to be formed, and with the increase of distance, evanescent wave amplitude is decayed with exponential form, and during one wavelength of distance, amplitude will Decay more than 97%.Most of structural vibration radiates to form evanescent wave, and only few subwave length is more than wave length of sound in air Structure wave energy radiate to form noise.Therefore, it is obtained with measuring more rich than conventional acoustic by acoustics near field measurement Structural vibration status information, so as to more effectively recognize product bug defect.
The content of the invention：
The present invention to be overcome the disadvantages mentioned above of prior art, there is provided a kind of objective Parametric Detection of the sound quality of low noise emission product Method.
The purpose of the present invention is：
1. acoustics near-field measurement method is adopted, so as to the evanescent wave for fully obtaining body structure surface, allows measurement to be believed as much as possible Number reflection sound source internal vibration information；
2. the defect of human ear discriminating conduct by rule of thumb is overcome, using the theoretical model of science, increases testing result Repeatable and accuracy；
3., using the method for acoustics near field measurement combination related to the objective parameter theoretical model of sound quality, produced according to low noise The threshold value of the objective parameter index of characteristic feature and sound quality of product defect, reaches and distinguishes the qualified purpose with substandard product.
The objective parameter near-field detection method of sound quality of the low noise emission product of the present invention, comprises the steps：
1) the products noise signal in the range of acoustics near field (apart from sound source half wavelength) is obtained using microphone, it is described Acoustics near field range refers to the scope apart from sound source half wavelength, and the signal contains substantial amounts of evanescent wave information；
2) according to the near field acoustical signal in the space obtained in 1), (included using the objective Parameters Calculation model of sound quality：Ring Degree, sharpness etc.), calculate the objective value of consult volume of sound quality of reflection products noise people's audition comfort level；
The computation model of sound quality loudness：Defined according to the loudness of Moore, the loudness of the objective parameter of psychoacousticss calculate with Based on equivalent rectangular width scales, 372 audition filters are established in the auditory frequency range of human ear 0.05kHz～15kHz Ripple device, the wherein corresponding relation of critical band width ERB and frequency f can be approximately：
ERB=24.673 (0.004368f+1) (1)
In formula：Mid frequencyes of the f for frequency band.
In 0.05kHz～15kHz frequency ranges, the mid frequency of human auditory system wave filter can be obtained by following formula：
ERB-number=21.366lg (0.004368f+1) (2)
In formula：Mid frequencyes of the f for wave filter.
The output drive of wave filter can be tried to achieve by following formula：
In 0.05kHz～15kHz frequency ranges, the mid frequency of human auditory system wave filter can be determined by following formula：
In formula：EiFor the output drive of the i-th wave filter, W (gij) it is response of i-th wave filter to being input at frequency j, For the virtual value power of input signal, P0For reference sound pressure 2 × 10-5Handkerchief, on the basis of filter output signal is obtained, can try to achieve Characteristic loudness N'.
Final loudness is the characteristic loudness sum tried to achieve to 372 wave filter, such as following formula：
Sharpness model：In sharpness calculating process, sharpness is represented with S, and its computing formula is：
In formula：N' is the characteristic loudness in Zwicker Scale Model of Loudness, and
3) according to the product obtained in 2), the testing result for contrasting alternate manner determines the threshold value of qualified products or does not conform to The typical fault feature of lattice product, rejects the abnormal product of the objective parameter index of sound quality, reaches differentiation qualified with unqualified product The purpose of product.
The method that the present invention is given meets the requirement that low sound pressure levels people is detected because of product quality, using the objective gauge of sound quality The evanescent wave signal that the analysis of calculation method is obtained in acoustics near field measurement, determines qualified threshold according to the testing result of alternate manner The typical fault feature of value or substandard product, reaches differentiation product qualified with underproof purpose.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1. the present invention is by the acoustics near field measurement in sound source, it is possible to obtain than the more products of conventional far-field measuring method Fault message (feature), breaks through the restriction of original far-field measurement, can effectively obtain structural vibration state feature；
2. the present invention can obtain the accuracy higher than the testing result that human ear is distinguished using the theoretical model of science；
3. the method result of calculation can effectively disclose the noise signal feature of product, reach differentiation qualified with unqualified low noise The purpose of sound product.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is measurement apparatus schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the actual measure field figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is the loudness comparison diagram of unqualified sample and qualified sample, and Fig. 3 (b) is low-pass filtered device (center frequency Rate 50Hz) process after unqualified sample and qualified sample loudness comparison diagram.
Fig. 4 is the sharpness comparison diagram of unqualified sample and qualified sample.
Specific implementation step：
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further illustrate the present invention
The objective parameter near-field detection method of sound quality of the low noise emission product of the present invention, is carried out as follows：
1) the products noise signal in the range of acoustics near field (apart from sound source half wavelength), the signal are obtained using microphone Contain substantial amounts of evanescent wave information；
2) according to the near field acoustical signal in the space obtained in 1), (included using the objective Parameters Calculation model of sound quality：Ring Degree, sharpness etc.), calculate the objective value of consult volume of sound quality of reflection products noise people's audition comfort level；；
The computation model of sound quality loudness：Defined according to the loudness of Moore, the loudness of the objective parameter of psychoacousticss calculate with Based on equivalent rectangular width scales, 372 audition filters are established in the auditory frequency range of human ear 0.05kHz～15kHz Ripple device, the wherein corresponding relation of critical band width ERB and frequency f can be approximately：
ERB=24.673 (0.004368f+1) (1)
In formula：Mid frequencyes of the f for frequency band.
In 0.05kHz～15kHz frequency ranges, the mid frequency of human auditory system wave filter can be obtained by following formula：
ERB-number=21.366lg (0.004368f+1) (2)
In formula：Mid frequencyes of the f for wave filter.
The output drive of wave filter can be tried to achieve by following formula：
In 0.05kHz～15kHz frequency ranges, the mid frequency of human auditory system wave filter can be determined by following formula：
In formula：EiFor the output drive of the i-th wave filter, W (gij) it is response of i-th wave filter to being input at frequency j, For the virtual value power of input signal, P0For reference sound pressure 2 × 10-5Handkerchief, on the basis of filter output signal is obtained, can try to achieve Characteristic loudness N'.
Final loudness is the characteristic loudness sum tried to achieve to 372 wave filter, such as following formula：
Sharpness model：In sharpness calculating process, sharpness is represented with S, and its computing formula is：
In formula：N' is the characteristic loudness in Zwicker Scale Model of Loudness, and
3) according to the product obtained in 2), the testing result for contrasting alternate manner determines the threshold value of qualified products or does not conform to The typical fault feature of lattice product, rejects the abnormal product of the objective parameter index of sound quality, reaches differentiation qualified with unqualified product The purpose of product.
Verification method
Below by example is embodied as, the invention will be further described.
In the present embodiment, 1/2 inch mics of Free-field using B＆K companies of Denmark model 4956 are used as biography Sound device survey tool, as shown in figure 1, microphone is placed on the reduction box of horizontal driver of vehicle seat, distance as closely as possible Reduction box 2mm.
Experiment test pallet is built in whole elimination room, as shown in Figure 2.With PLC control horizontal driver of vehicle seat fortune OK, near field acoustical signal when horizontal driver of vehicle seat runs is gathered using 1/2 inch mic, by the objective ginseng of sound quality The model for coupling of quantity algorithm (includes：Loudness, sharpness, roughness etc.), calculate the sound quality of reflection product working status Objective value of consult volume.
Fig. 3 (a) is the loudness comparison diagram of unqualified sample and qualified sample, and in figure, the loudness contour of unqualified sample is (real Line) above the loudness contour (dotted line) of qualified sample, Jing statistics can it is middle define a numerical value as judge product with No standard.Fig. 3 (b) is the loudness pair of unqualified sample and qualified sample Jing after low pass (mid frequency 50Hz) filter process Than figure, there is obvious periodicity in the loudness contour (solid line) of unqualified sample, and qualified sample is after low pass filter filtering It is periodically unobvious.Fig. 3 (b) shows there is the characteristic feature that periodically presence is substandard product
Fig. 4 is the sharpness comparison diagram of unqualified sample and qualified sample, the sharpness curve ripple of unqualified sample in figure It is dynamic larger, and the sharpness curve of qualified sample is more steady.
Therefore (included according to the model for coupling of the objective parametric algorithm of sound quality：Loudness, sharpness etc.), by calculating The objective value of consult volume of sound quality of reflection product working status, the result and a large amount of qualified samples of additive method such as distinguishes according to human ear The objective parameter statistic analysis result of sound quality, determines that the typical case of the reference threshold and substandard product of the objective parameter of sound quality is special Levy, reach and distinguish the qualified purpose with lemon car seat driver.The method is combined into actual test environment and equipment, energy Enough realize that machine replaces manually carrying out the detection of enterprise horizontal driver of vehicle seat product quality, improve detection efficiency and accurately Degree.

Claims (1)

1. the objective parameter near-field detection method of the sound quality of low noise emission product, including following step：
1) the products noise signal in acoustics near field range is obtained using microphone, the signal contains substantial amounts of evanescent wave letter Breath, described acoustics near field range are referred in the range of sound source half wavelength；
2) according to step 1) near field acoustical signal in the space that obtains, using the objective Parameters Calculation model of sound quality, including：Ring Degree, sharpness, calculate the objective value of consult volume of sound quality of reflection products noise people's audition comfort level；
The computation model of sound quality loudness：Defined according to the loudness of Moore, the loudness of the objective parameter of psychoacousticss is calculated with equivalent Based on rectangle width yardstick, 372 auditory filters are established in the auditory frequency range of human ear 0.05kHz～15kHz, Wherein the corresponding relation of critical band width ERB and frequency f can be approximately：
ERB=24.673 (0.004368f+1) (1)
In formula：Mid frequencyes of the f for frequency band.
In 0.05kHz～15kHz frequency ranges, the mid frequency of human auditory system wave filter can be obtained by following formula：
ERB-number=21.366lg (0.004368f+1) (2)
In formula：Mid frequencyes of the f for wave filter.
And the output drive of wave filter can be tried to achieve by following formula：
In 0.05kHz～15kHz frequency ranges, the mid frequency of human auditory system wave filter can be determined by following formula：
E i = Σ W ( g i j ) P j 2 P 0 2 E 0 - - - ( 3 )
In formula：EiFor the output drive of the i-th wave filter, W (gij) it is response of i-th wave filter to being input at frequency j,For defeated Enter the virtual value power of signal, P0For reference sound pressure 2 × 10-5Handkerchief, on the basis of filter output signal is obtained, can try to achieve feature Loudness N'.
Total loudness is the characteristic loudness sum tried to achieve to 372 wave filter, such as following formula：
N = Σ i = 1 372 N i ′ - - - ( 4 )
Sharpness model：In sharpness calculating process, sharpness is represented with S, and its computing formula is：
S = 0.1043 × ∫ 0 24 N ′ g ( z ) d z ∫ 0 24 N ′ d z - - - ( 5 )
In formula：N' is the characteristic loudness in Zwicker Scale Model of Loudness, and
g ( z ) = 1 ( z < 16 ) 0.066 e 0.171 z ( z &GreaterEqual; 16 ) - - - ( 6 )
3) the objective parameter index of sound quality according to calculated reflection product running status in 2), contrasts the inspection of alternate manner The typical fault feature that result determines the threshold value or substandard product of qualified products is surveyed, the objective parameter index of sound quality is rejected different Normal product.
CN201610938464.6A 2016-10-25 2016-10-25 Near-field detection method for sound quality objective parameters of low-noise product Active CN106568501B (en)

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CN109036453A (en) * 2018-08-24 2018-12-18 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 A kind of method and device determining noise of equipment quality
CN109668626A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-23 东莞材料基因高等理工研究院 A kind of sound quality evaluation method based on human-computer interaction interface
CN110398647A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-11-01 深圳供电局有限公司 Transformer's Condition Monitoring method
CN112097894A (en) * 2020-08-17 2020-12-18 浙江工业大学 Method for detecting radiation noise qualification of horizontal driver of automobile seat
CN113049251A (en) * 2021-03-16 2021-06-29 哈工大机器人（合肥）国际创新研究院 Bearing fault diagnosis method based on noise
CN113515048A (en) * 2021-08-13 2021-10-19 华中科技大学 Method for establishing fuzzy self-adaptive PSO-ELM sound quality prediction model
CN117688515A (en) * 2024-02-04 2024-03-12 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Sound quality evaluation method and device for air compressor, storage medium and electronic equipment
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109036453A (en) * 2018-08-24 2018-12-18 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 A kind of method and device determining noise of equipment quality
CN109668626A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-23 东莞材料基因高等理工研究院 A kind of sound quality evaluation method based on human-computer interaction interface
CN110398647A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-11-01 深圳供电局有限公司 Transformer's Condition Monitoring method
CN112097894A (en) * 2020-08-17 2020-12-18 浙江工业大学 Method for detecting radiation noise qualification of horizontal driver of automobile seat
CN113049251A (en) * 2021-03-16 2021-06-29 哈工大机器人（合肥）国际创新研究院 Bearing fault diagnosis method based on noise
CN113515048A (en) * 2021-08-13 2021-10-19 华中科技大学 Method for establishing fuzzy self-adaptive PSO-ELM sound quality prediction model
CN117688515A (en) * 2024-02-04 2024-03-12 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Sound quality evaluation method and device for air compressor, storage medium and electronic equipment
CN117688515B (en) * 2024-02-04 2024-05-17 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Sound quality evaluation method and device for air compressor, storage medium and electronic equipment

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