CN106499374A - A kind of method that use ammonia improves SAGD development effectiveness - Google Patents
A kind of method that use ammonia improves SAGD development effectiveness Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method that use ammonia improves SAGD development effectiveness, the method is comprised the following steps：In SAGD steam injection production processes, in the producing well continuous production phase, in steam injection well, ammonia or ammonia is added, after mixing with water vapour, inject oil reservoir, when instantaneous gas oil ratio drops to 0.2, stop injection ammonia or ammonia；From ammonia or ammonia is initially added into during stopping injection ammonia or ammonia, in terms of the quality of ammonia, the amount ratio of ammonia/ammonia water and steam is 3%-20%.The present invention is by being injected simultaneously into appropriate ammonia or ammonia (discharging ammonia after adding gas injection well) during steam injection, replaced by caustic waterflooding, the mechanism such as gas boosting, improve the steam utilization of steam intracavity, improve the oil displacement efficiency in vapour chamber, the thermal efficiency and gas oil ratio of steam injection development process is effectively improved, the purpose that suggestions for improvement and economical and effective develop heavy crude reservoir is reached.
Description
Technical field
This method belongs to oil extraction in oil field technical field, and in particular to a kind of use ammonia improves SAGD development effectiveness
Method.
Background technology
Heavy crude reservoir refers to oil reservoir of the degassed crude viscosity more than 100mPa s under reservoir temperature, at present country's viscous crude
Thermal recovery technology, the development scheme being widely used at present extensively is applied to include in oil field development：SAGD,
The technology such as steam soak, steam drive.
SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage, SAGD) technology is by doctor Butler
1978 inventions.Constantly development and the improvement through more than 30 years, has formed the application skill of the commercialization exploitation of maturation at present
Art.Develop in Canadian oil-sand, all obtain in the super-heavy oil deposit exploitation in the area such as China Liaohe Oil Field and Xinjiang Oilfield
Successful Application.Its mode of production is to dispose a pair of parallel horizontal well on the bottom circle of oil reservoir, injects in upper water horizontal well
A large amount of high-quality steams, the density contrast between steam and crude oil force the vapor to onlap, and the cold crude oil with top
The crude oil of contact heat release, the water of condensation and heating is flow to lower horizontal well nearby by output by action of gravity.With steaming
Vapour constantly injects, and forms the vapor chamber of continuous extension on injection well top, vapor chamber constantly feed through to the top of oil reservoir and
Whole oil reservoir is gradually heated and produces reserves therein by sidepiece.
ZL200810113261.9 discloses a kind of method that gas auxiliary SAGD exploits super-viscous oil technology, in the party
Non-condensation gas (N is applied in method2, methane, CO2Deng) be injected in the vapor chamber that has developed.Using gas conduction
Coefficient is little and property for non-condensation gas, forms thermal insulation layer, reduces heat transfer rate of the steam to overlying rock, drop
Low-heat loss, improves the thermal efficiency；The non-condensation gas for being distributed in vapor chamber top simultaneously are able to maintain that system pressure, no
Downward impetus is only played to crude oil, is also alleviated steam onlap speed upwards, is strengthened the lateral of vapor chamber
Extended capability, the horizontal swept volume of increase steam；But the non-condensation gas that the method has injection in the application affect
The problem of steam injectability, when finding to be injected simultaneously into non-condensation gas in operation, due to significantly improving vapor chamber pressure
Power, steam injection reduce 30% or so.Secondly the gas of injection only has the effect of heat-insulated and viscosity reduction, therefore only
Rate of oil production can be improved, and effect is not obvious in terms of oil displacement efficiency is improved.
Content of the invention
For solving the above problems, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of use ammonia improves the side of SAGD development effectiveness
Method, the method can effectively improve deep-layer heavy crude reservoir development degree, improve heat utilization rate and development efficiency, improve oil
The recovery ratio and development effectiveness of Tibetan.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of method that use ammonia improves SAGD development effectiveness, should
Method is comprised the following steps：
In SAGD steam injection production processes, in the producing well continuous production phase, in steam injection well, ammonia or ammonia is added,
Oil reservoir is injected after mixing with water vapour, when instantaneous gas oil ratio drops to 0.2, stop injection ammonia or ammonia；
From be initially added into ammonia or ammonia to stop injection ammonia or ammonia during, in terms of the quality of ammonia, ammonia
The amount ratio of/ammonia water and steam is 3%-20%.
The present invention is by being injected simultaneously into appropriate ammonia during steam injection or ammonia is (as ammonia is after gas injection well is added
Ammonia is discharged quickly, it will thus be appreciated that the purport of the program is injection ammonia), replaced by caustic waterflooding, gas increases
The mechanism such as pressure, improve the steam utilization of steam intracavity, improve the oil displacement efficiency in vapour chamber, effectively improve steam injection development
The thermal efficiency and gas oil ratio of process, reaches the purpose that suggestions for improvement and economical and effective develop heavy crude reservoir.
Specifically, the present invention provide the method for improving SAGD development effectiveness be using ammonia alkaline nature to viscous crude
The specific function of displacement crude oil, hence it is evident that improve viscous crude oil displacement efficiency, combined with steam injection assisted gravity drainage, is improved
The development effectiveness of whole oil reservoir.Its mechanism of action is：(1) alkaline nature of ammonia for improve oil displacement efficiency have bright
Effective fruit；The alkalescence of ammonia can reduce residual oil saturation, make phase percolation curve integrally move right, and improve ammonia ripple
And the oil displacement efficiency in region；The ammonia of injection is mainly present with inside vapor chamber with gaseous state and liquid, makes vapour intracavity condensed water
Become alkalescence, reduce the residual oil saturation of steam intracavity while to producing well earial drainage.(2) ammonia is a kind of point
Gas of the son amount less than steam, so ammonia is stronger than the onlap ability of steam；The top of vapor chamber is cold due to existing simultaneously
Solidifying water is less, so part ammonia is present in vapour top of chamber in a gaseous form, plays a part of to completely cut off vapour chamber and cap rock,
Reduce the heat loss of steam.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the method is additionally included in stopping
After injection ammonia or ammonia, to the gas oil ratio drop of the mixed gas to oil reservoir of steam injection well injection flue gas, air and steam
The step of production terminates to after 0.1.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that add the side of ammonia or ammonia
Formula is：Persistently injection or segmentation injection (ammonia/ammonia and steam alternately inject).
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that continuously produce rank in producing well
Section, the steam injection rate of steam injection well is 100-500t/d, and the control of producing well drain age velocity is in steam injection well injection vapor (steam) velocity
1.1-1.2 again；It is further preferred that the steam injection rate of steam injection well is 300-400t/d, producing well drain age velocity is
400-540t/d.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the method is additionally included in note ammonia
In producing well continuous flow procedure after gas/ammonia, the ammonia dissolved in producing well production fluid is received by reduced pressure operation
Collection, is subsequently adding the step of recycling in steam injection well.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferred that add ammonia or ammonia when
Machine is：When Reservoir With Steam chamber is developed at the top of oil reservoir.If injection ammonia is too early, vapor chamber extension is had certain
Affect, if injection ammonia is too late, improvement fails to give full play to.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferred that can be entered by temperature observation well
Row confirms whether Reservoir With Steam chamber is developed at the top of oil reservoir；Preferably, the temperature observation well uses optical fiber continuous temperature measurement.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the well spacing adopted in the method
Mode be dual horizontal well well to or straight well-horizontal well injection-production well group, in the dual horizontal well well pair, producing well portion
Administration is at the circle 3-5m of oil reservoir bottom；In the straight well-horizontal well injection-production well group, horizontal well is producing well, production
Well is deployed at the circle 3-5m of oil reservoir bottom.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that in the dual horizontal well well pair
In, dual horizontal well is parallel to be deployed in oil reservoir bottom, and the vertical distance of two mouthfuls of wells is 3-5m, and plan range is 0-5m；
It is further preferred that two mouthfuls of horizontal well lengths are all higher than 400m；It is highly preferred that two mouthfuls of water horizontal wells are sieved using slot
Pipe completion.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that in the straight well-horizontal well note
Adopt in well group, the vertical distance of straight well and horizontal well is 3-5m, plan range is not more than 50m；It is further preferred that
Horizontal well length is more than 400m；It is highly preferred that horizontal well adopts cutting seam sieve tube completion, straight well to adopt perforation completion.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the cutting seam sieve tube completion
Parameter includes：Upper horizontal well 90 ° on the upside of the pit shaft in the range of with 30 ° of phase place slots, slot length 5-15m/,
Stagger between slot between 3-10m, slot 3m-5m；Lower horizontal well 90 ° on the downside of the pit shaft in the range of with 30
° phase place slot, slot length 5-15m/, stagger between slot between 3-10m, slot 3m-5m.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the parameter of the perforation completion
Including：Shot density 3-7/rice, aperture 3-10mm, perforation direction is in the range of 90 ° towards horizontal well.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the method is additionally included in SAGD
In steam injection production process, before steam injection production, the step of preheating to injection-production well, and form thermal communication.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the preheating is circulation preheating；
It is further preferred that after pre- thermosetting thermal communication is circulated, continuing to inject steam to steam injection well；It is highly preferred that steam injection
Well and producing well are circulated preheating by the way of long tube steam injection, ring drainage, hanker steam injection rate in advance and are
50-120t/d, preheating time are 150-210 days.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the oil reservoir meets following bar
Part：Oil reservoir depth<1000m；Core intersection>10m.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the oil reservoir meets following bar
Part：Oil reservoir plane permeability>500md, oil reservoir vertical permeability>200md.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the oil reservoir meets following bar
Part：Viscosity of crude>2000Pa·s.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the oil reservoir meets following bar
Part：Oil saturation>50%.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that the oil reservoir hole of the oil reservoir
Degree ＞ 0.2；It is further preferred that the oil reservoir meets following condition：Net-gross ratio>0.7.
Improve in the method for SAGD development effectiveness in above-mentioned use ammonia, it is preferable that in the oil reservoir of the oil reservoir not
There is impermeable mud, the intercalated shale of continuous distribution.
The method for improving SAGD development effectiveness that the present invention is provided improves SAGD exploitations with existing gas and solvent
Effect method is compared with larger improvement：Ammonia effect can substantially reduce the residual oil saturation of vapour chamber affected area,
Improve oil recovery；Ammonia also functions to the effect of non-condensation gas simultaneously, can keep vapour cavity pressure and reduce to lid
The heat loss of layer, reduces the usage amount of steam；In addition, compared with solvent and other non-condensation gas, ammonia has into
This is low, the characteristics of being readily obtained and can recycle, substantially reduces the development cost of heavy crude reservoir SAGD.
The method for improving SAGD development effectiveness that the application present invention is provided can improve the swept volume of vapor chamber.?
On the basis of SAGD, the method provided using the present invention can continue to improve recovery ratio 14% or so, add SAGD
Recovery percent of reserves, overall recovery ratio can be 68% or so.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the residual oil saturation scattergram in embodiment 2 inside dual horizontal well SAGD vapor chamber；
Fig. 2 is the ammonia concn scattergram of dual horizontal well SAGD steam intracavity in embodiment 2；
Fig. 3 is the residual oil saturation scattergram of conventional SAGD processes.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clearly understood to the technical characteristic of the present invention, purpose and beneficial effect, now to skill of the invention
Art scheme carry out described further below, but it is not intended that to the present invention can practical range restriction.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments providing a kind of use ammonia improves application of the method for SAGD development effectiveness in oil field 1.
Reservoir properties are introduced：
In 530m, effective pay thickiness is 106.0m to 1 reservoir buried depth of oil field, and net gross thickness ratio is 0.92, average hole
Porosity 36.5%, average horizontal permeability 5540md, horizontal permeability are 0.7 with the ratio of vertical permeability, oil reservoir
It is internal that without pure shale, under interlayer, reservoir condition, viscosity of crude is 23.2 × 104cp；Oil field is gulped down using straight well steam
Exploitation 5 years is told, stage recovery percent of reserves is 10.7%, production decline rate 23.4%, strata pressure 2-3MPa.
The process produced by the method for improving SAGD development effectiveness using ammonia is：
1) according to oil field geologic feature and exploitation actuality, coarse sizing is carried out：
The oil reservoir meets following condition：Oil reservoir is shallower for 530m, remaining oil saturation>0.50, core intersection>10.0m,
Horizontal permeability>250md, vertical and horizontal permeability ratio>0.1, oil reservoir porosity>0.20, do not exist in oil reservoir
The impermeable mud of continuous distribution, intercalated shale；
2), used as producing well, producer-injector spacing can be at 35 meters for new horizontal well drilling between straight well having handled up；
3) new horizontal well drilling was handled up for 3 cycles, after forming thermal communication, entered the producing well continuous production phase between well, first
Pure steam is continuously noted using steam injection straight well first, steam injection rate 120t/d, horizontal well drain age velocity 500t/d are continuously produced,
When monitoring that Reservoir With Steam chamber is developed at the top of oil reservoir by temperature observation well, be converted to steam injection straight well and be continuously injected into ammonia
Water and the mode of steam；
In injection process, ammonia and steam when being reduced to 0.2 to instantaneous gas oil ratio, are stopped by the way of segmentation injection
Only inject ammonia but continue air injection+steam, until gas oil ratio is reduced to 0.1, production terminates；
During injection ammonia, the ammonia for dissolving is collected by reduced pressure operation, then ammonia is matched somebody with somebody in producing well production fluid
Add into after ammonia and recycle in steam injection well；The amount conversion of ammonia is calculated for the amount of ammonia, ammonia is (cold with steam
Water equivalent) mass ratio be 3%.
On the basis of SAGD, recovery percent of reserves 14.5% is improved, gas oil ratio can reach 0.347, add the stage of handling up
Recovery percent of reserves, overall recovery factor reaches 69.0%.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments providing a kind of use ammonia improves application of the method for SAGD development effectiveness in oil field 2.
Reservoir properties are introduced：
2 reservoir buried depth 300m of oil field, effective pay thickiness is 32.0m, and net gross thickness ratio is 0.82, average pore
Degree 26.0%, average horizontal permeability 1250md, horizontal permeability are 0.60 with the ratio of vertical permeability, oil reservoir
It is internal that without pure shale, under interlayer, reservoir condition, viscosity of crude is 12.0 × 104cp；Oil field is block newly developed, former
Beginning oil saturation 70%, initial reservoir pressure 3.0MPa.
The process produced by the method for improving SAGD development effectiveness using ammonia is：
1) according to oil field geologic feature and exploitation actuality, coarse sizing is carried out：
The oil reservoir meets following condition：Oil reservoir is shallower for 300m, initial oil saturation>0.50, core intersection
>10.0m, horizontal permeability>250md, vertical and horizontal permeability ratio>0.1, oil reservoir porosity>0.20, oil reservoir
In there is no impermeable mud, the intercalated shale of continuous distribution；
2) a pair of horizontal wells, 4 meters of the vertical distance of injection-production well are being bored near oil reservoir bottom；
3) a pair of horizontal wells preheat oil reservoir 3 months simultaneously by the way of pit shaft steam circulation, connect when heat is formed between well
After logical, the producing well continuous production phase is entered, steam is continuously injected into initially with upper water horizontal well (steam injection well), under
By temperature observation well, portion's horizontal well (producing well) quantity-produced mode, when monitoring that Reservoir With Steam chamber is developed to oil
When hiding top, the mode that steam injection well continuously notes ammonia and steam is converted to；
In injection process, ammonia and steam are stopped when being reduced to 0.2 to instantaneous gas oil ratio by the way of being continuously injected into
Injection ammonia, but continue+25% steam of 75% flue gas of note, 0.1 production is down to until gas oil ratio terminate；Individual well group
Steam injection rate is 400t/d, and bottom-hole steam quality is 70%, and production-injection ratio is maintained at more than 1.2；
During injection ammonia, the ammonia dissolved in producing well production fluid is collected by reduced pressure operation, then that ammonia is straight
Connect in injection steam injection well and recycle；By the amount calculating that the amount conversion of ammonia is ammonia, ammonia and steam (cold water equivalent)
Mass ratio is 20%；
Fig. 1 is the oil saturation scattergram in the present embodiment inside vapor chamber, and Fig. 2 is vapor chamber in the present embodiment
The scattergram of ammonia concn, Fig. 3 are the residual oil saturation figure of conventional SAGD processes.Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 contrasts can
See, the method for the present embodiment is due to having used ammonia, hence it is evident that the residual oil saturation in vapour chamber is reduced to 0.11 left
The right side, and the residual oil saturation of conventional steam assisted gravity drainage process is 0.25, therefore, the side that the present embodiment is provided
Method has higher oil displacement efficiency.
Under the development scheme, oil recovery factor is 65.7%, gas oil ratio 0.366.Recovery ratio is improved relative to SAGD
9.7%, gas oil ratio improves 0.10.
By embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, one kind that the present invention is provided improves SAGD exploitation effects using ammonia
The method of fruit is compared with the operating effect of the SAGD of routine, and the larger production effect for improving SAGD improves
Steam utilization, has saved the usage amount of steam, improves the ultimate recovery of oil reservoir；SAGD is aided in solvent
Method is compared, the method have simple to operate, with low cost, it is easy to reclaim etc. advantage.In extreme circumstances, can be with
50% steam is fed only with, the effect for relying only on aqueous alkali carries out promotion production, therefore, the method can be greatly improved
The economy of Development of Viscous Crude Oil.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that use ammonia improves SAGD development effectiveness, wherein, the method is comprised the following steps：
In SAGD steam injection production processes, in the producing well continuous production phase, in steam injection well, ammonia or ammonia is added,
Oil reservoir is injected after mixing with water vapour, when instantaneous gas oil ratio drops to 0.2, stop injection ammonia or ammonia；
From be initially added into ammonia or ammonia to stop injection ammonia or ammonia during, in terms of the quality of ammonia, ammonia
The amount ratio of/ammonia water and steam is 3%-20%.
2. the method that use ammonia according to claim 1 improves SAGD development effectiveness, wherein, the method
After being additionally included in stopping injection ammonia or ammonia, the mixed gas to steam injection well injection flue gas, air and steam are to oil
The gas oil ratio of Tibetan produces, after dropping to 0.1, the step of terminating.
3. the method that use ammonia according to claim 1 improves SAGD development effectiveness, wherein, adds ammonia
The mode of gas or ammonia is：Persistently injection or segmentation injection.
4. the method that the use ammonia according to claim 1-3 any one improves SAGD development effectiveness, its
In, in the producing well continuous production phase, the steam injection rate of steam injection well is 100-500t/d, and producing well drain age velocity is controlled
Inject vapor (steam) velocity in steam injection well 1.1-1.2 times；Preferably, the steam injection rate of steam injection well is 300-400t/d, produces
Well drain age velocity is 400-540t/d.
5. the method that the use ammonia according to claim 1-3 any one improves SAGD development effectiveness, its
In, the method is additionally included in the producing well continuous flow procedure after note ammonia/ammonia, to molten in producing well production fluid
The ammonia of solution is collected by reduced pressure operation, is subsequently adding the step of recycling in steam injection well.
6. the method that the use ammonia according to claim 1-3 any one improves SAGD development effectiveness, its
In, the opportunity for adding ammonia or ammonia is：When Reservoir With Steam chamber is developed at the top of oil reservoir.
7. the method that the use ammonia according to claim 1-3 any one improves SAGD development effectiveness, its
In, the hole pattern that adopts in the method for dual horizontal well well to or straight well-horizontal well injection-production well group；
In the dual horizontal well well pair, producing well is deployed at the circle 3-5m of oil reservoir bottom；
In the straight well-horizontal well injection-production well group, horizontal well is producing well, and producing well is deployed in apart from oil reservoir bottom circle
At 3-5m.
8. the method that use ammonia according to claim 7 improves SAGD development effectiveness, wherein,
In the dual horizontal well well pair, dual horizontal well is parallel to be deployed in oil reservoir bottom circle, and the vertical distance of two mouthfuls of wells is
3-5m, plan range are 0-5m；Preferably, two mouthfuls of horizontal well lengths are all higher than 400m, using cutting seam sieve tube completion；
It is further preferred that in straight well-horizontal well injection-production well group, the vertical distance of straight well perforating site and horizontal well
For 3-5m, plan range is not more than 50m；Preferably, horizontal well length is more than 400m, and horizontal well is sieved using slot
Pipe completion, straight well adopt perforation completion；
It is highly preferred that the parameter of the cutting seam sieve tube completion includes：Upper horizontal well 90 ° on the upside of the pit shaft in the range of with 30 °
Phase place slot, slot length 5-15m/, stagger between slot between 3-10m, slot 3-5m；Lower level
Well 90 ° on the downside of the pit shaft in the range of with 30 ° of phase place slots, slot length 5-15m/, apart from 3-10m between slot,
Stagger between slot 3m-5m；
The parameter of the perforation completion includes：Shot density 3-7/rice, aperture 3-10mm, perforation direction is in direction
In the range of 90 ° of horizontal well.
9. the method that the use ammonia according to claim 1-3 any one improves SAGD development effectiveness, its
In, the method is additionally included in SAGD steam injection production processes, before steam injection production, injection-production well is preheated,
And the step of form thermal communication；Preferably, the preheating is circulation preheating；
It is further preferred that in the circulation warm, steam injection well and producing well adopt long tube steam injection, annular space
The mode of discharge opeing is circulated preheating；Steam injection rate is hankered in advance for 50-120t/d, preheating time is 150-210 days.
10. the method that the use ammonia according to claim 1-9 any one improves SAGD development effectiveness, its
In, the oil reservoir met following condition before development and implementation：
Oil reservoir depth<1000m, core intersection>10m；
Preferably, there is no the impermeable mud of continuous distribution, intercalated shale in the oil reservoir of the oil reservoir；
It is further preferred that the oil reservoir plane permeability of the oil reservoir>500md, oil reservoir vertical permeability>200md；
It is further preferred that the viscosity of crude of the oil reservoir>2000mPa·s；
It is further preferred that the oil saturation of the oil reservoir>50%；
It is further preferred that the oil reservoir porosity ＞ 0.2 of the oil reservoir；
It is further preferred that the net-gross ratio of the oil reservoir>0.7.
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| CN107191167A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method that use urea improves SAGD exploitation |
| CN109270245A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-25 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | A kind of oil-sand SAGD based on lithofacies can employ interval top surface division methods |
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Application publication date: 20170315 |