CN106485641A - A kind of tile data digital watermarking based on QR code generates embedded and extracting method - Google Patents
A kind of tile data digital watermarking based on QR code generates embedded and extracting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106485641A CN106485641A CN201610792121.3A CN201610792121A CN106485641A CN 106485641 A CN106485641 A CN 106485641A CN 201610792121 A CN201610792121 A CN 201610792121A CN 106485641 A CN106485641 A CN 106485641A
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
- G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
- G06F21/106—Enforcing content protection by specific content processing
- G06F21/1063—Personalisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
- G06F21/16—Program or content traceability, e.g. by watermarking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0052—Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0065—Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tile data digital watermarking based on QR code generates embedding grammar.First, reading one section has the Quick Response Code determining the Word message of implication and being converted into version three, according to coded system, Quick Response Code is converted into binary two-dimensional array W0={ 0,1 }.Fixing watermark identifier information is embedded to the 16*16 piecemeal in the upper left corner of tile remote sensing image data, the lower left corner, the lower right corner, carries out DCT to remaining each piece and obtain low frequency value Dij, modulate the low frequency value of embedded block using watermark information, carry out DCT inverse transformation using the low frequency value after modulation, obtain the tile remotely-sensed data containing watermark.Inverse process according to described watermark embedding method can realize the extraction of watermark.On the basis of the invisibility achieving watermark and blind Detecting, this algorithm is also effective against compression attack to this method, splicing is attacked and Composite Attack, and strong robustness, Embedding efficiency are high, can effective protection tile remotely-sensed data in actual applications copyright.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geography information copyright protection field and in particular to a kind of for tile remotely-sensed data based on QR code
Digital watermarking generate embedded and extracting method, to improve, tile remotely-sensed data digital watermarking algorithm is incompressible to be attacked and anti-splicing
Attacking ability.
Background technology
With the construction and development of websites such as " sky maps ", the Joint construction and sharing of geographic information resources is actively promoted,
Geography information public service is disposed by cloud platform and is issued, and it can be made to be applied to government department and the space number of society
More efficiently and stable according to service.
However, leading to data very easy quilt in the form of corresponding cartographic information is deposited in service end in the form of to cut into slices
Download, also increase the difficulty preventing electronic chart stolen simultaneously, lead to tile data illegal download under network environment, illegal
Using etc. safety problem increasingly serious and prominent.The random download serious harm of the tile data rights and interests of data owner, disturb
The disorderly normal development of geomatics industry.How to protect tile geodata copyright under network environment, dissolve tile geography number
It is current problem demanding prompt solution according to the contradiction between shared, application and tile geodata safety.
Digital watermark technology is a kind of new technique solving digital copyright protection problem, can protect for copyrights of data
Shield, tracking data whereabouts, inspection invalid data source etc. provide reliable technological means.Digital watermarking refers in digitalized data
In embedded watermark information, watermark information is combined together with source data, becomes the inseparable part of source data.Thus come really
Determine copyright owner, proprietary rightss certification, abuse, the verity in authenticated digital content source, identification buyer, offer are provided
Other additional informations with regard to digital content etc..Simultaneously for strengthening responsibility, fright illegal act, have good grounds and the tool such as look into soon
Play an important role.The effect that digital watermark technology plays in terms of military security guarantee, national security has been subject to national government
The great attention of office.
Digital watermarking achieves the application of many in terms of the safeguard protection in the fields such as image, figure, video, audio frequency, closely
Also obtained important application in mapping association area within several years.
In terms of remote sensing image digital watermarking, some researchs existing.Built based on the watermarking model of spatial domain and transform domain
Vertical upper acquirement remarkable progress, especially prominent with the remote sensing image watermarking algorithm based on transform domain.The closely lossless numeral water of Barni application
Print technology embeds a watermark into the error leading to and control effectively, and Chen proposes a kind of DCT based on characteristics of remote sensing image and calculates
Method, it points out to be not suitable for the position of insertion watermark in DCT piecemeal and selected in suitable medium and low frequency system according to the feature of DCT piecemeal
Watermark is embedded, to reach the effect strengthening watermark robustness, reducing marginal information loss in number；Zhu Changqing proposes one kind and is based on
The block selection mechanism of pseudo-random sequence, embeds watermark information in DCT low frequency coefficient, and the remote sensing image after embedded watermark is entered
Row error control is to reach the target to remote sensing image near-lossless.However, the watermarking algorithm being specifically designed for tile remotely-sensed data grinds
Study carefully still few.
In terms of tile remotely-sensed data digital watermarking algorithm, appoint Na to adopt digital watermark technology, be based on blind watermatking a kind of
Mapping mechanism on the basis of propose a kind of improved tile data watermarking algorithm, for the big feature of tile data amount, introduce
Parallel calculating method, and then realize the real-time watermark of tile data and embed；Fang Xiaole is directed to deployment " sky map " beyond the clouds
Propose a kind of map watermark imbedding method based on high robust under discrete cosine transform, thus realizing lease is supplied in cloud service
Answer business and the copyright protection publishing map, this algorithm passes through to quantify condition analysiss calculating process, avoids to a certain extent
Scrambled images to JPEG compression for the watermarking images, simultaneously to common image processing method with attack and also have extraordinary Shandong
Rod.
In addition, common watermark information carrier is bianry image or random sequences, leads to watermark information capacity little, work as watermark
Easily affect the interpretation of watermark information when identifying wrong, lead to the False Rate of algorithm high.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved, is the defect of customer service prior art presence it is proposed that a kind of be based on QR
The tile data digital watermarking of code generates embedded and extracting method, is capable of the anti-of tile remotely-sensed data digital watermarking algorithm
Splicing and anti-JPEG compression ability.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is：
A kind of tile data digital watermarking based on QR code generates embedding grammar, comprises the following steps：
Step one, watermark information generate
Step 1.1：Reading one section has the Word message determining implication.As " Nanjing Normal University " etc..
Step 1.2：According to Quick Response Code create-rule, the Word message of reading is converted into the Quick Response Code of version three, and carries out
Quick Response Code pretreatment is to compress the data volume of embedded watermark information.
Described Quick Response Code pretreatment：Remove Quick Response Code clear area, position sensing figure, positioning figure and correction graph part
Watermark information.
Step 1.3：According to coded system, Quick Response Code is converted into binary two-dimensional array W0={ 0,1 }, is converted to
Array length be L=Length*Length.
Step 2, watermark embed
Step 2.1：Using GDAL, (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library, in X/MIT permission agreement
Under raster spatial data transformation warehouse of increasing income) with file form read tile remote sensing image data.
Step 2.2：Embedded identification information.16*16 piecemeal is carried out to tile remote sensing image data, in order to resist splicing
Attack, need the 16*16 piecemeal in the tile data upper left corner, the lower left corner, the lower right corner to embed fixing watermark identifier information, so that
Improve the efficiency of the tile remotely-sensed data watermark detection of splicing.
Embedding method is：The upper left corner, the lower left corner, the DC component of the 16*16 piecemeal in the lower right corner embed watermark signal " 1 ",
And compare the size of intermediate frequency coefficient [2,3] and [4,2] it is ensured that DCT (the Discrete Cosine of each piecemeal
Transform, discrete cosine transform) in intermediate frequency coefficient [2,3] be more than [4,2].
Step 2.3：Low frequency value D that DCT obtains this block is carried out to remaining each 16*16 piecemealij, calculate quantized value λij=
round(Dij/ ξ) wherein, round computing is rounding-off floor operation, ξ is quantization step.
Step 2.4:Watermark embeds, and modulates currently embedded piece of low frequency value using watermark information.Formula is as follows：
In formula：Wij is embedded watermark information.
Step 2.5：Carry out DCT inverse transformation using the low frequency value after modulation, after the completion of all 16*16 block inverse transformations, obtain
Tile remotely-sensed data containing watermark.
The extracting method based on the tile data digital watermarking of QR code for the present invention, comprises the following steps：(for of the present invention
The inverse process of the tile data data waterprint embedded method of QR code)：
Step A：Using GDAL, tile remote sensing images are read with file form.
Step B：Identification information extracts.Select first 256*256 piecemeal, judge that the upper left corner, the lower left corner, the lower right corner propose
Watermark identifier information whether wrong, whether the watermark information that is, DC component of each block extracts is in " 1 ", and each block
Whether frequency coefficient [2,3] is more than [4,2].If yes then enter step C, if not being, in the way of traveling through, calculate next 256*
256 piecemeals.
Step C：Calculate low frequency value D' after the dct transform of each 16*16 piecemeal in this 256*256 piecemealij.
Step D：Watermark extracting, calculates quantized value λij=floor (Dij/ξ).Wherein, floor is floor operation.
In formula：Wij is the watermark information extracting.
Step E：Process all 16*16 piecemeals, the 0-1 data genaration Quick Response Code being obtained using Quick Response Code decoding process,
Decoding this Quick Response Code, if correctly extracting watermark information, exporting watermark information, if cannot decoded information; the watermark extracting
Information errors, turn to step B and continue to calculate next 256*256 piecemeal in the way of traveling through.
The inventive method is according to the feature of tile remotely-sensed data, the tile remotely-sensed data copyright protection based on QR code of proposition
Algorithm, can be reasonably resistant to JPEG compression and attack, splice and attack and Composite Attack, algorithm robustness is stronger；In conjunction with QR code
The big characteristic of capacity, improves watermark carrier capacity, in addition, the Error Correction of Coding of QR code improves algorithm from the angle of watermark information
Robustness；The embedded watermark efficiency of this algorithm is higher, and achieves the invisibility of watermark, is suitable to practical application.Side of the present invention
Method is effective against compressing and splicing attacking, thus effective protection compression, the copyright of spliced tile remotely-sensed data.Due to adopting
Improve error-correcting performance with two-dimentional code watermark, improve the robustness of algorithm to a certain extent, need not be original when detecting watermark
Image is it is achieved that blind Detecting.The present invention can provide new skill for aspects such as tile remotely-sensed data copyright protection, geographical national conditions monitorings
Art means.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is that the watermark of the inventive method embeds flow chart.
Fig. 2 is one of the prior art original tile remotely-sensed data.
Fig. 3 is the image that Fig. 2 is after 6 compression attack by compressibility factor.
Fig. 4 is the image after Fig. 2 is spliced attack.
Fig. 5 is original watermark information Quick Response Code.
Fig. 6 is the watermark detection flow chart of the inventive method.
Fig. 7 is the remote sensing image of the inventive method embodiment test.
Fig. 8 is the design sketch after Fig. 6 embeds watermark.
Fig. 9 is the result figure of the compression attack that Fig. 7 is 6 by compressibility factor.
Figure 10 is the result figure that Fig. 7 is spliced attack.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment:：Colored tile remotely-sensed data is selected to be experimental data, for the reading of data, pretreatment, watermark information
Generate, watermark embed, containing watermark according to preservations, watermark detection, testing result export (extraction) whole process, provide the present invention
An embodiment, further describe the present invention.
As Fig. 7, the colored tile remotely-sensed data of the present embodiment selection single width 256*256 is as experimental data, image size
For 256*256, data form is JPEG.
The Part I of embodiment, the tile data digital watermarking based on QR code generates telescopiny：
Step one, watermark information generates
Step 1.1：Read the Word message of one section of setting implication, the Word message of the present embodiment input is：Nanjing is pedagogical
University.
Step 1.2：According to Quick Response Code create-rule, the Word message of reading is converted into the Quick Response Code of version three, and carries out
Quick Response Code pretreatment to compress the data volume of embedded watermark information, concrete pretreatment content is：Remove Quick Response Code clear area, position
Detect the watermark information of figure, positioning figure and correction graph part, in addition, when reading watermark information, every 3*3 pixel only needs
Read a data.
Step 1.3：According to coded system, Quick Response Code is converted into binary two-dimensional array W0={ 0,1 }, is converted to
Array length be 640.
Step 2, the tile data digital watermark embedding process based on QR code：
Step 2.1：Using GDAL, tile remote sensing image data is read with file form.
Step 2.2：Identification information embeds.16*16 piecemeal is carried out to tile remotely-sensed data, attacks in order to resist splicing
Hitting, needing the 16*16 piecemeal in the tile data upper left corner, the lower left corner, the lower right corner to embed fixing watermark identifier information, to carry
The efficiency of the tile remotely-sensed data watermark detection of high splicing, embedding method is：The upper left corner, the lower left corner, the 16*16 piecemeal in the lower right corner
DC component embed watermark signal " 1 ", and compare the size of intermediate frequency coefficient [2,3] and [4,2] it is ensured that each 16*16 divides
In the DCT intermediate frequency coefficient of block, [2,3] are more than [4,2].
Step 2.3：Low frequency value D that DCT obtains this block is carried out to remaining each 16*16 piecemealij, calculate quantized value λij=
round(Dij/ ξ) wherein, round computing is rounding-off floor operation, ξ is quantization step.
Step 2.4:Watermark embeds, and modulates currently embedded piece of low frequency value using watermark information.Formula is as follows：
Step 2.5：Carry out DCT inverse transformation using the low frequency value after modulation, after the completion of all 8*8 block inverse transformations, contained
The tile remotely-sensed data of watermark.
The Part II of embodiment, the extraction process of the tile data digital watermarking based on QR code：
Step A：Using GDAL, tile remote sensing images are read with file form.
Step B：Identification information extracts.Select first 256*256 piecemeal, judge that the upper left corner, the lower left corner, the lower right corner propose
Watermark identifier information whether wrong, whether the watermark information that is, DC component of each block extracts is in " 1 ", and each block
Whether frequency coefficient [2,3] is more than [4,2], if yes then enter step 3, if not being, calculates the next one in the way of traveling through
256*256 piecemeal；
Step C：Calculate low frequency value D' after the dct transform of each 16*16 piecemeal in this 256*256 piecemealij；
Step D：Watermark extracting, calculates quantized value λij=floor (Dij/ξ).Wherein, floor is floor operation.
Step E：All 16*16 piecemeals are processed, the 0-1 data obtaining using ThoughtWork.QRCode.dll process
Generate Quick Response Code, decoding this Quick Response Code, if correctly extracting watermark information, exporting watermark information, if cannot decoded information; carry
The watermark information mistake taken out, turns to step 2 and continues to calculate next 256*256 piecemeal in the way of traveling through.
The Part III of embodiment, test and analysis
Method proposed by the invention is specific to the water mark method of tile remotely-sensed data, can be developed using the method
And realize the tile remotely-sensed data copyright protecting system based on digital watermark technology.
(1) form conversion is attacked
Tile remotely-sensed data common format is .jpg and .png form, and the .jpg video conversion containing watermark preserving is .png
The data of form, the amount of capacity of data, header file all can change, but do not change the pixel value of image, thus can
Effectively to extract watermark information；The process that the .png video conversion containing watermark of preservation is .jpg form exists a certain degree of
Lossy compression method, but the incompressible attacking ability of this algorithm remains to make it effectively extract watermark information.Test result indicate that, the party
Method can be effective against form conversion and attack, and extraction ratio is all 100%.
(2) compression attack
JPEG compression can effectively reduce the physical space shared by map sheet, be current tile remotely-sensed data most-often used one
Plant data form it is thus possible to be effective against the performance of the tile remotely-sensed data watermarking algorithm that JPEG compression attack has been.To containing
The JPEG compression that watermark carrier image carries out the different compression quality factors attacks experiment, and testing image is compressed with the factor is 7
Above JPEG compression, two-dimentional code watermark substantially can lossless propose, and the JPEG compression being 6 in compressibility factor, extract
Although two-dimentional code watermark there is error code, because Quick Response Code possesses certain error correcting capability in itself so knowledge still can be scanned
Read correct result.In the case that compressibility factor is less than 5, the quality of image has occurred in that relatively fuzzy showing on subjective vision
As it is impossible to meet practical application request.Therefore the present invention, on the premise of effectively meeting tile remote sensing data application, has had
Resistance to compression.
(3) splicing is attacked
Need in actual applications several tile remotely-sensed datas are stitched together, form a width or a series of covering is studied entirely
The image in area, this brings new difficulty to watermark extraction algorithm.Covered using this method test different splicing map sheet size, difference
The tile remotely-sensed data of cover area all can go out watermark information by correct scanning recognition, and splices and attack the watermark extracted close to lossless,
Show that this algorithm can be effective against the splicing attack of tile remotely-sensed data.
(4) Composite Attack
During typically actually used tile remotely-sensed data with JPG form storage that is to say, that splicing attack while
With compression attack, therefore Composite Attack experiment more can prove that effectiveness of the invention, and such as Fig. 9 is that four tiles are spliced
Stitching image, only lower right corner tile contains watermark information.It is demonstrated experimentally that when the JPEG compression factor is 6,7, the tile of splicing
The QR code that remotely-sensed data extracts remains to scanning recognition, shows that this algorithm can be used in practical application.In addition, with common two-value water
The method that watermark image calculates correlation coefficient to verify whether to extract effective watermark is different, in the case that compressibility factor is higher,
Although the two-dimentional code watermark extracting has the bit error rate, the error-correcting performance of Quick Response Code makes scanning distinguish the copyright information obtaining not
Can change.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of tile data digital watermarking based on QR code generates embedding grammar, comprises the following steps：
Step one, watermark information generate
Step 1.1：Reading one section has the Word message determining implication；
Step 1.2：According to Quick Response Code create-rule, the Word message of reading is converted into the Quick Response Code of version three, and carries out two dimension
Code pretreatment；
Step 1.3：According to coded system, Quick Response Code is converted into binary two-dimensional array W0={ 0,1 }, the array being converted to
Length is L=Length*Length；
Step 2, watermark embed
Step 2.1：Using GDAL, tile remote sensing image data is read with file form；
Step 2.2：Embedded identification information
16*16 piecemeal is carried out to tile remote sensing image data, the tile data upper left corner, the lower left corner, the lower right corner 16*16 piecemeal
Embedded fixing watermark identifier information；
Step 2.3：Low frequency value D that DCT obtains this block is carried out to remaining each 16*16 piecemealij, calculate quantized value
λij=round (Dij/ξ)
Wherein, round computing is rounding-off floor operation, and ξ is quantization step；
Step 2.4:Watermark embeds, and modulates currently embedded piece of low frequency value according to the following formula using watermark information：
In formula：Wij is embedded watermark information；
Step 2.5：Carry out DCT inverse transformation using the low frequency value after modulation, after the completion of all 16*16 piecemeal inverse transformations, contained
The tile remotely-sensed data of watermark.
2. a kind of tile data digital watermarking based on QR code generates embedding grammar according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Institute
Stating Quick Response Code pretreatment is：Remove the watermark letter of Quick Response Code clear area, position sensing figure, positioning figure and correction graph part
Breath.
3. a kind of tile data digital watermarking based on QR code according to claim 1 or claim 2 generates embedding grammar, its feature
It is：Described in step 2.2, the 16*16 piecemeal in the tile data upper left corner, the lower left corner, the lower right corner embeds fixing watermark identifier letter
Cease, its embedding method is：The upper left corner, the lower left corner, the DC component of the 16*16 piecemeal in the lower right corner embed watermark signal " 1 ", compare
The size of intermediate frequency coefficient [2,3] and [4,2] is so that [2,3] are more than [4,2] in the DCT intermediate frequency coefficient of each piecemeal.
4. described in a kind of claim 1, a kind of tile data digital watermarking based on QR code generates embedding grammar and generates embedded base
In the extracting method of the tile data digital watermarking of QR code, its step is：
Step A：Using GDAL, tile remote sensing images are read with file form；
Step B：Identification information extracts
Select first 256*256 piecemeal, judge whether the watermark identifier information that the upper left corner, the lower left corner, the lower right corner propose is wrong,
Be whether the watermark information that extracts of DC component of each block is " 1 ", and each block intermediate frequency coefficient [2,3] whether more than [4,
2]；
If the watermark information that the DC component of each block extracts is " 1 ", enter step C,
Otherwise, calculate next 256*256 piecemeal in the way of traveling through；
Step C：Calculate the low frequency value D ' after the dct transform of each 16*16 piecemeal in this 256*256 piecemealij；
Step D：Watermark extracting, calculates quantized value λij=floor (Dij/ξ).Wherein, floor is floor operation；
In formula：Wij is the watermark information extracting；
Step E：All 16*16 piecemeals are processed, the 0-1 data genaration obtaining using ThoughtWork.QRCode.dll process
Quick Response Code, decodes this Quick Response Code；
If correctly extracting watermark information, export watermark information,
If cannot decoded information; the watermark information mistake extracting, turn to step B continue calculate the next one in the way of traveling through
256*256 piecemeal.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108764422A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-11-06 | 普联技术有限公司 | Quick Response Code insertion, extracting method and the device of image |
| CN110505218A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十八研究所 | Raster data self-adapting compressing transmission method and computer storage medium based on JSON |
| CN111432218A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-17 | 广州酷狗计算机科技有限公司 | Video encoding and decoding method, device, terminal and storage medium |
| CN112218090A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-12 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Information hiding and extracting method for embedding color two-dimensional code into color image |
| CN114862646A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-05 | 南京师范大学 | Watermark embedding and extracting method and system for vector tile splicing resistance |
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