CN106450642B - A kind of porous coupled mode directional coupler of Q-band - Google Patents
A kind of porous coupled mode directional coupler of Q-band Download PDFInfo
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- CN106450642B CN106450642B CN201610947123.5A CN201610947123A CN106450642B CN 106450642 B CN106450642 B CN 106450642B CN 201610947123 A CN201610947123 A CN 201610947123A CN 106450642 B CN106450642 B CN 106450642B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of porous coupled mode directional couplers of Q-band, the directional coupler is compact-sized microwave directive coupler, is made of circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, power splitter, the first load, the second load, coupling channel first port, coupling channel second port, coupling channel third port, the 4th port of coupling channel, the first rectangular port, the second rectangular port, third rectangular port, coupling aperture, inductance diaphragm, matching nail.The directional coupler is using symmetrical equidistant porous coupled mode, main channel circular waveguide TE11 mode signal is coupled in the rectangular waveguide of coupling channel, realizes 20dB coupled characteristic, centre frequency 40GHz, relative bandwidth 50% is applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system.The directional coupler reflection loss and the measured result of the degree of coupling and simulation result coincide substantially, can satisfy radio astronomy observation requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of porous coupling directional couplers of Q-band, connect dedicated for radio astronomy field wide-band microwave
Receipts machine.
Background technique
In microwave system, directional coupler is a kind of common microwave device, it can carry out power survey to microwave signal
Amount, signal detection, display instruction and monitoring etc..Directional coupler has various type and concrete form, by transmission line form
Classification is divided into waveguide, coaxial, band line, micro-strip, by coupled modes classification be divided into discrete coupling with it is continuous coupled, press and couple by force
Weak typing is divided into close coupling and weak coupling, has small-power directional coupler and large-power directional by the magnitude classification for bearing power
Point of coupler.And each directional coupler, since specific purposes and application are different, and will there are many different
Concrete form.
The design considerations of hole coupling directional coupler is aperture diffraction theory, the fundamental formular of aperture diffraction field are as follows:
In formula, symbol " ﹢ " and symbol "-" respectively refer to excitation waveguide and the dissipating in waveguide that be excited in right side of the equal sign " ± " number
Field is penetrated, and " ﹢ " number in the symbol upper right corner respectively represents forward wave and backward-wave with "-" number；WithRespectively aperture is locally sat
Mark the magnetic polarizability in the direction u and v；P is the normal direction electric susceptibility of aperture；μ0And ε0Respectively free space magnetic capacity and dielectric
Constant；H1u、H1vAnd E1uCorresponding normalizing magnetizing field tangential component and electric field method for incidence wave in circular waveguide in aperture position
To component.H2u、H2vAnd E2uCorresponding normalization component for the waveform that is motivated in rectangular waveguide in aperture position.For
Round aperture, electric susceptibility and magnetic polarizability are respectivelyr0For the radius of aperture.
Assuming that the terminal of excitation waveguide and the both ends for the waveguide that is excited all are matched: circular waveguide transmits TE11Mode, rectangle
Waveguide transmission TE10Mode.Round coupling aperture is located on the center line of rectangular waveguide narrow side, according to the coupling condition of major-minor waveguide point
Analysis, circular waveguide transmit TE11Normal electric field is not present in Aperture side for mode, i.e., in the narrow side of rectangular waveguide, the most strong (electric field in magnetic field
For 0), aperture only exists magnetic coupling at this time.Specific formula is as follows:
In formula, a, b are the length of rectangular waveguide broadside and narrow side；R is the radius of circular waveguide；μnFor 1 rank Bessel function
N-th of derivative；Z10For the wave impedance of rectangular waveguide TE10 mode, Z11For circular waveguide TE11The wave impedance of mode；
WithIt is magnetic field according to the expression formula of power normalization.
Small aperture coupling degree, that is, power the coefficient of coup are as follows:
C=10lg | Ak|2=20lg | Ak| (5)
Coupler should consider the degree of coupling of single hole, it is also contemplated that hole coupling distribution, could form directional coupler in this way,
Meet actual demand.According to Phase Stacking principle, it is assumed that N=2n or N=2n+1 aperture are symmetric, and coordinate is located at pair
Title center.The coupling strength factor of each pair of aperture is respectivelyIncidence wave forward-propagating in main waveguide, mould
Formula is TE11, phase constant βu, complementary wave lead in mode be TE10, phase constant βv, available incidence wave coupling
The middle wave motivated, the relative magnitude after Phase Stacking are led to complementary wave are as follows:
In formula, d is spaced between aperture；As N=2n, g=1；When N=2n+1, g=0；δ is the distribution function in hole；Work as hole
When being distributed as equidistant equal aperture, δ=1.
It is superimposed to forward phase, thenK=1,2 ...；It is superimposed to inverted phases, then
K=1,2 ....
Reversed weak coupling, Waveguide coaxial directional coupler, main channel is big using Circular waveguides receiving power, coupling channel
Convenient using rectangular waveguide external connection, coupling mechanism is using the porous coupled mode of symmetrical equidistant equal strength.The reality of production
Object is small by test insertion loss, and port reflection loss is good, and this body structure of directional coupler is simple, high reliablity, especially
Measurement and instruction occasion suitable for two-way weak coupling.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims at provide a kind of porous coupled mode directional coupler of Q-band, which is that structure is tight
The microwave directive coupler gathered, by circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, power splitter, the first load, the second load, coupling channel first
Port, coupling channel second port, coupling channel third port, the 4th port of coupling channel, the first rectangular port, the second rectangle
Port, third rectangular port, coupling aperture, inductance diaphragm, matching nail composition.The directional coupler is using symmetrical equidistant porous
Coupled mode, by main channel circular waveguide TE11Mode signal is coupled in the rectangular waveguide of coupling channel, realizes that 20dB coupling is special
Property, centre frequency 40GHz, relative bandwidth 50% is applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system.The directional coupler is anti-
The measured result and simulation result for penetrating loss and the degree of coupling coincide substantially, can satisfy radio astronomy observation requirements.
The porous coupled mode directional coupler of a kind of Q-band of the present invention, the directional coupler are symmetrical equidistant more
Hole coupled mode braodband directional coupler, working frequency range 30-50GHz are applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system, should
Directional coupler is by circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, power splitter, the first load, the second load, coupling channel first port, coupling
Channel second port, coupling channel third port, the 4th port of coupling channel, the first rectangular port, the second rectangular port, third
Rectangular port, coupling aperture, inductance diaphragm, matching nail composition, main waveguide is circular waveguide (1), and complementary wave is led as rectangular waveguide (2),
Circular waveguide (1) is connect by coupling aperture (6) with rectangular waveguide (2), the coupling channel first port (11) of rectangular waveguide (2) and
The first rectangular port (15) of power splitter (3) connects, the coupling channel second port (12) of rectangular waveguide (2) and power splitter (3)
The second rectangular port (16) connection, the coupling channel third port (13) of rectangular waveguide (2) with first load (4) connect, square
The 4th port (14) of coupling channel of shape waveguide (2) is connect with the second load (5).
Circular waveguide (1) diameter is 7.8mm.
Coupling aperture (6) is located at the center of rectangular waveguide (2) narrow side, uses equidistant equal aperture magnetic coupling form, coupling aperture
(6) diameter is 1.56mm, and spacing 2.4mm, hole is with a thickness of 0.16mm.
Power splitter (3) uses waveguide form, and the first rectangular port (15) is added with the signal of the second rectangular port (16),
System output is completed from third rectangular port (17), power splitter (3) adjusts matching using inductance diaphragm (7) and matching nail (8), the
The bore of one rectangular port (15), the second rectangular port (16) and third rectangular port (17) is 5.7mm*2.85mm, the first square
The center spacing 13.82mm of shape port (15) and the second rectangular port (16).
First load (4) and the second load (5) are hard absorber (18), and shape is bevel wedge shape.
The porous coupled mode directional coupler of a kind of Q-band of the present invention, the directional coupler is using symmetrical equidistant more
Main channel circular waveguide TE11 mode signal is coupled in the rectangular waveguide of coupling channel by hole coupled mode, realizes 20dB coupling
Characteristic, centre frequency 40GHz, relative bandwidth 50% are applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system, frequency 30-
50GHz, bandwidth of operation percentage reach 50%.K.E.Hancock is proposing the complete step of design directional coupler many years ago
Rapid: 1. determine pitch of holes d according to centre frequency；2. estimating the minimum hole number met the requirements according to directivity requirement；3. basis
The degree of coupling calculates the coefficient of coup in each hole；4. determining aperture according to the relationship between aperture and the coefficient of coup.According to orientation coupling
The clutch design cycle is emulated by HFSS software modeling, and parameter specifically optimizes, and obtains the directional coupler for meeting index.It should
Porous coupling directional coupler main body is gold-plated, simulation result port reflection loss≤- 25dB, the degree of coupling between -19.4dB to -
Between 21.9dB.
Because the degree of coupling of single coupling aperture increases, the diameter of coupling aperture is inevitably enlarged；The increase in coupling aperture aperture can swash
Excited high-order mode resonance is unfavorable for signal transmission.Therefore, directional coupler enhances coupled systemes using the principle of symmetrical porous coupling
Number, designs single multiple Small aperture coupling realization -23dB coefficients of coup, and symmetrical two-way coupling channel is defeated by two rectangles of power splitter
Synthesis -20dB the coefficient of coup is exported, other two rectangular output orifice connects the broadband load made.
The signal of two rectangular output orifices is added by the power splitter (3) using waveguide form, completes system output
Demand.Power splitter simulation result port reflection loss≤- 23.6dB.
The load, using hard absorbing material, shape is bevel wedge shape.When test, by the first load (4) and the second load
(5) it is connect with power splitter (3).In debugging process, absorber must have enough length, while the concrete shape of absorbing sheet,
Size need to be determined by debugging.Final debugging load reflection loss meets index request, and power splitter and load integrated testability can obtain
Power splitter delivery outlet reflection loss≤- 19.4dB.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the porous coupling directional coupler overall structure figure of Q-band of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is circular waveguide of the present invention and rectangular waveguide junction composition；
Fig. 3 is power divider structure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is support structures figure of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is directional coupler port reflection loss simulation result diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is directional coupler degree of coupling simulation result diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is power splitter port reflection loss simulation result diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is present invention connection load testing power splitter delivery outlet reflection loss measured drawing；
Fig. 9 is circular waveguide port reflection loss measured drawing of the present invention；
Figure 10 is 20dB coupled characteristic measured drawing of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The porous coupled mode directional coupler of a kind of Q-band of the present invention, the directional coupler are symmetrical equidistant more
Hole coupled mode braodband directional coupler, working frequency range 30-50GHz are applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system, should
Directional coupler is by circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, power splitter, the first load, the second load, coupling channel first port, coupling
Channel second port, coupling channel third port, the 4th port of coupling channel, the first rectangular port, the second rectangular port, third
Rectangular port, coupling aperture, inductance diaphragm, matching nail composition, main waveguide are circular waveguide 1, and complementary wave is led as rectangular waveguide 2, circle
Waveguide 1 is connect by coupling aperture 6 with rectangular waveguide 2, the coupling channel first port 11 of rectangular waveguide 2 and the first of power splitter 3
Rectangular port 15 connects, and the coupling channel second port 12 of rectangular waveguide 2 is connect with the second rectangular port 16 of power splitter 3, square
The coupling channel third port 13 of shape waveguide 24 is connect with the first load, the 4th port 14 of coupling channel of rectangular waveguide 2 and the
Two loads, 5 connection；
1 diameter of circular waveguide is 7.8mm；
Coupling aperture 6 is located at the center of 2 narrow side of rectangular waveguide, uses equidistant equal aperture magnetic coupling form, 6 diameter of coupling aperture
For 1.56mm, spacing 2.4mm, hole is with a thickness of 0.16mm；
Power splitter 3 uses waveguide form, the first rectangular port 15 is added with the signal of the second rectangular port 16, from third
Rectangular port 17 completes system output, and power splitter 3 uses inductance diaphragm 7 and matching nail 8 to adjust and match, the first rectangular port 15,
The bore of second rectangular port 16 and third rectangular port 17 is 5.7mm*2.85mm, the first rectangular port 15 and the second rectangular end
The center spacing of mouth 16 is 13.82mm；
First load 4 and the second load 5 are hard absorber 18, and shape is bevel wedge shape.
In use process, referring to Fig.1, signal enters through the main channel input mouth 9 of circular waveguide 1, most of signal warp
Main channel output port 10 exports；The coupled hole 6 of fraction signal is divided to the rectangular waveguide 2 of 1 left and right sides of circular waveguide；Into
Enter at signal point to the coupling channel first port 11 and coupling channel third port 13 in the rectangular waveguide 2 of left side, coupling channel
Signal enters at the first rectangular port 15 at first port 11, and the signal at coupling channel third port 13 is inhaled by the first load 4
It receives；At into the signal in right rectangular waveguide 2 point to the 4th port 14 of coupling channel second port 12 and coupling channel, coupling
Signal enters at the second rectangular port 16 at channel second port 12, and the signal at the 4th port 14 of coupling channel is by the second load
5 absorb；Two paths of signals at first rectangular port 15 and the second rectangular port 16, it is matched nail 8 and inductance diaphragm 7 after merge into
Signal all the way is exported through third rectangular port 17.
Actual measurement is pacified vertical MS4647B vector network analyzer using the U.S. and is tested.Test accessories include BJ400 coaxially convert,
30-50GHz polarizer etc..Directional coupler main channel reflection loss≤- 24.2dB, the degree of coupling it is whole -20dB to -21dB it
Between, low frequency is -24dB or so, such as Figure 10.It is because of processing coupling aperture error and gold plating thickness that the low frequency degree of coupling, which is less than design value,
It is smaller than theoretical value etc. leading to couple pore size, cause coupler working frequency whole toward high-frequency mobile.
The porous coupling directional coupler of a kind of Q-band of the present invention, actual measurement and the reflection loss of simulation result and
Degree of coupling plots changes substantially coincide, and performance indexes has reached the set goal, and actual measured results are working
It can satisfy requirement of engineering within the scope of frequency band 30-50GHz.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of porous coupled mode directional coupler of Q-band, it is characterised in that: the directional coupler is symmetrical equidistant porous coupling
Mould assembly braodband directional coupler, working frequency range 30-50GHz are applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system, the orientation
Coupler is by circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, power splitter, the first load, the second load, coupling channel first port, coupling channel
Second port, coupling channel third port, the 4th port of coupling channel, the first rectangular port, the second rectangular port, third rectangle
Port, coupling aperture, inductance diaphragm, matching nail composition, main waveguide are circular waveguide (1), and complementary wave is led as rectangular waveguide (2), circle
Waveguide (1) is connect by coupling aperture (6) with rectangular waveguide (2), the coupling channel first port (11) and function point of rectangular waveguide (2)
The first rectangular port (15) of device (3) connects, and the of the coupling channel second port (12) of rectangular waveguide (2) and power splitter (3)
Two rectangular ports (16) connection, the coupling channel third port (13) of rectangular waveguide (2) are connect with the first load (4), rectangular wave
Lead (2) the 4th port (14) of coupling channel and second load (5) connect, on power splitter (3) equipped with inductance diaphragm (7) and
With nail (8), power splitter (3) adjusts matching using inductance diaphragm (7) and matching nail (8).
2. the porous coupled mode directional coupler of a kind of Q-band according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: circular waveguide (1)
Diameter is 7.8mm.
3. the porous coupled mode directional coupler of a kind of Q-band according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: coupling aperture (6) position
In the center of rectangular waveguide (2) narrow side, using equidistant equal aperture magnetic coupling form, coupling aperture (6) diameter is 1.56mm, spacing
For 2.4mm, hole is with a thickness of 0.16mm.
4. the porous coupled mode directional coupler of a kind of Q-band according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: power splitter (3) is adopted
With waveguide form, the first rectangular port (15) is added with the signal of the second rectangular port (16), from third rectangular port (17)
The output of completion system, the bore of the first rectangular port (15), the second rectangular port (16) and third rectangular port (17) are
The center spacing 13.82mm of 5.7mm*2.85mm, the first rectangular port (15) and the second rectangular port (16).
5. the porous coupled mode directional coupler of a kind of Q-band according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the first load (4)
It is hard absorber (18) with the second load (5), shape is bevel wedge shape.
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| CN108574131B (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2021-02-09 | 清华大学 | Microwave waveguide component, microwave waveguide air extractor and accelerator |
| CN107508015B (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2023-09-29 | 西南交通大学 | Circular Waveguide Mode Converter |
| CN108011169B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2021-03-30 | 电子科技大学 | Dual-mode broadband directional coupler from circular waveguide to rectangular waveguide |
| CN108172962B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2021-03-26 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband circular waveguide directional coupler for microwave power measurement |
| CN109066101B (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2020-09-25 | 陕西黄河集团有限公司 | Active phased array antenna |
| CN110346385B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Atmospheric opacity testing method |
| CN110875507B (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2021-07-27 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Four-path high-power microwave synthesizer manufacturing method based on 3D printing and synthesizer |
| CN111029702B (en) * | 2019-12-08 | 2021-07-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | Waveguide three-way power divider with built-in load |
| CN111697305B (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2022-03-29 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | S-band sixteen-hole TE21 mode coupler |
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| US7109823B1 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-09-19 | Hrl Lab Llc | Image guide coupler switch |
| CN104505571A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-08 | 电子科技大学 | Over-mode circular waveguide broadband directional coupler and design method thereof |
| CN105826646A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-03 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-hole rectangular waveguide directional coupler |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7109823B1 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-09-19 | Hrl Lab Llc | Image guide coupler switch |
| CN104505571A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-08 | 电子科技大学 | Over-mode circular waveguide broadband directional coupler and design method thereof |
| CN105826646A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-03 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-hole rectangular waveguide directional coupler |
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