CN106424726B - Laser forming uniformly broadens the method for part - Google Patents

Laser forming uniformly broadens the method for part Download PDF

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CN106424726B
CN106424726B CN201610861588.9A CN201610861588A CN106424726B CN 106424726 B CN106424726 B CN 106424726B CN 201610861588 A CN201610861588 A CN 201610861588A CN 106424726 B CN106424726 B CN 106424726B
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layer
cladding layer
segment
cladding
laser
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CN106424726A (en
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石拓
卢秉恒
魏正英
鹿霖
傅戈雁
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Suzhou University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)

Abstract

Uniformly broaden the method for part the present invention relates to a kind of laser forming, belong to laser melting coating and 3D molding fields, the laser forming uniformly broaden part method by using being layered and be arranged every layer of single track path planning, and it determines the spot diameter of the segment by every layer of cladding layer segmentation and according to the cladding layer width of each segment and refers to defocusing amount, it is measured in forming process and calculates the true reactor height of every layer of each segment and the difference that ideal heap is high, the sweep speed that next layer of cladding layer is corrected by calculating, to realize the closed-loop control of cladding layer width.By using the laser forming uniformly broaden part method can accurate direct forming go out the part continuously to broaden, complete the forming of the features parts such as impeller blade of broadening, it keeps the height of part constant simultaneously, greatly improves the complexity and forming efficiency of laser 3D formation of parts.Suitable for laser synchronization powder feeding/wire feeding cladding 3D formings.

Description

Laser forming uniformly broadens the method for part
Technical field
Uniformly broaden the method for part the present invention relates to a kind of laser forming, belongs to laser melting coating and 3D molding fields.
Background technology
Laser metal 3D forming techniques are based on laser melting and coating technique and rapid prototyping technology.It is generally driven and is swashed by motion Light cladding nozzle, using laser as heat source, synchronous transport metal powder/silk material forms molten bath and fast quickly cooling in matrix rapid melting But it shapes, forms the cladding layer of one fixed width, height after cooling with the direction of motion in molten bath.3 Victoria C AD model layers are sliced, Cladding layer level is overlapped to form face by programming movement path using above-mentioned manufacturing process, then in vertical direction layer upon layer at entity. It is with no mold, curring time is short, formable functionally gradient material (FGM), forming dimension are unrestricted, interlayer be metallurgical binding, micro- group The advantages that knitting even compact.
Under certain technological parameter, the width and height of cladding layer are substantially determining.Whether the single track of cladding layer, The cladding layer height of lap joint process, or the slicing delamination based on 3D printing technique, single layer is typically all consistent.However, being permitted The parts in the fields such as more Aeronautics and Astronautics, military affairs, ship it is complex-shaped, it is typical wherein the structure that broadens accounts for greatly Section broaden structure such as impeller blade.Conventional synchronization powder feeding/wire feed laser cladding forming broadens part using multi-track overlapping side Method.This method path planning is more complicated, since cladding layer has one fixed width, the surface size precision of drip molding often difficult To ensure, multi-track overlapping forming efficiency is low, and has the possibility for generating hole, crackle.
Chinese patent application the 201310174650.3rd discloses a kind of Laser Direct Deposition method of not wide component, It changes the method for spot size by continuously changing cladding nozzle defocusing amount in the same road, realizes the continuous change of drip molding It is wide.However since the parameters such as defocusing amount, laser power, sweep speed in different in width need real-time change, this cladding layer Height everywhere can be completely inconsistent.In order to solve the highly consistent sex chromosome mosaicism during broadening, Chinese patent application No. 201510270345.3 disclose a kind of method of the raising laser change not wide component precision of spot direct forming, according to experiment The section of recording the single track cladding layer under the conditions of different technical parameters is wide, high data, and it is high with true reactor to fit technological parameter Functional relation.Cladding layer is divided into several segments, each segment uses different combination of process parameters.The method is that one kind is opened The method of ring height control, may be implemented " broaden and do not get higher ".However previous experiments task is very heavy, in different powder/silks Material material, the technological parameter function model under different technology conditions can change, and data volume is huge, is difficult to realize between segment Completely the same is contour, cannot achieve any materials, it is arbitrary under the conditions of automatically stack process.
Invention content
Uniformly broaden the method for part the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser forming, can automatic forming go out width The part of consecutive variations, while keeping the height of part constant, it eliminates inclined-plane " step effect ", improves laser 3D formation of parts Complexity and forming efficiency ensure forming quality.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：A kind of laser forming uniformly broadens the method for part, Including：
S1：The CAD model of not wide part is subjected to slicing delamination to form several cladding layers, the upper table of every layer of cladding layer Face is parallel with lower surface, and the width of every layer of cladding layer differs；Spot width range is set, by spot width model in every layer of cladding layer The cladding layer for enclosing interior variation uses single track path planning；
S2：In every layer of cladding layer, along the filling direction of the cladding layer, which is divided into multiple segments；In CAD In the short transverse of model layers, each segment in i-th layer of cladding layer exists with each segment in i+1 layer cladding layer Position in short transverse is identical, wherein i is greater than or equal to 1；
S3：The spot diameter of the segment is determined according to the cladding layer width of each segment and refers to defocusing amount；
S4：It determines that the ideal heap of every layer of cladding layer is high, the laser work(of this section is determined according to the facula area of each segment Rate, keeps the power density of every segment constant, then accumulates every layer of cladding layer；In every layer of cladding layer, surveyed by floor height sensor The true reactor for measuring each segment in every layer of cladding layer is high, and measured data Real-time Feedback to host computer；
S5：In i-th layer of cladding layer, the true reactor height that the calculates each segment difference high with the ideal heap of the segment, In the accumulation of i+1 layer cladding layer, sweeping for i+1 layer cladding layer is corrected according to the difference for calculating obtained i-th layer of cladding layer Retouch speed；
S6：Step S4~S5 is repeated, until entire part forming.
Further：In the step S3, by changing the z-axis position of cladding nozzle or by changing collimating mirror position It sets adjustment spot diameter and refers to defocusing amount.
Further：In the step S5, the amendment of " sweep speed " is carried out with the following method：If calculating i-th layer Certain a bit of ideal heap height and the high difference of true reactor in cladding layer are negative, then accelerate small with this in i+1 layer cladding layer The sweep speed of section segment corresponding in the short transverse of CAD model layering, if calculating a certain small in i-th layer of cladding layer The ideal heap high true reactor height of section and difference be just, then to slow down and be layered in CAD model with the segment in i+1 layer cladding layer The sweep speed of corresponding segment in short transverse.
Further：In the step S5, following formula 1 or formula 2 are applied in all segments with completion " scanning The amendment of speed ",
Formula 1：vk i+1=vk i–ck i(hri-hk i), wherein hri-hk iIt is small in i-th layer of high hr of cladding layer ideal heap and kth The high h of section true reactorkDifference, wherein k be greater than or equal to 1；I is current layer number；CiFor the control parameter matrix of i-th layer of cladding layer, Its cornerwise element is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i]；ViFor every a bit of sweep speed；Work as Vi+1When convergence, (Hri-Hi) in each element be intended to 0；
Formula 2：vk i+1=vk i·ck i(hk i/hri), wherein hk i/hriFor the kth segment true reactor in i-th layer of cladding layer High hkWith the high hr of ideal heap and ratio, wherein k be greater than or equal to 1；I is the number of plies；CiFor the control parameter square of i-th layer of cladding layer Battle array, cornerwise element are Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i]；ViFor every a bit of sweep speed；Work as Vi+1Convergence When, Hi/HriIn each element be intended to 1.
Further：Using fuzzy control method or neural network method training and optimization C matrixes, make Vi+1Each member Plain Fast Convergent.
Further：In the step S5, when the ideal heap height of each segment and high almost the same true reactor, formed The sweep speed vector V of optimizationoptAnd/or the control Matrix C of optimizationopt；Scanning speed is used when identical parts next time shape Spend vector VoptAnd/or the control Matrix C of optimizationoptAs initial value.
Further：In the method that laser forming uniformly broadens part, is realized and accumulated using laser melting coating nozzle.
Further：Using the height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer as compensation rate, the Z axis of adjustment laser melting coating nozzle carries Rising amount adjusts defocusing amount so that it is remained unchanged, wherein the height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer is in the cladding layer Any segment ideal heap high difference high with the true reactor of the segment.
Further：In the step S2, the equal length of each of every layer of cladding layer segment.
Further：In the step S2, the length setting of each of every layer of cladding layer segment is ranging from 0.1mm~1mm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention laser forming uniformly broaden part method by using layering and Every layer of single track path planning is set, and the segment is determined by every layer of cladding layer segmentation and according to the cladding layer width of each segment Spot diameter and refer to defocusing amount, then measure the true reactor height of each segment in the every layer of cladding layer difference high with ideal heap Value, the sweep speed of next layer of cladding layer is corrected by result of calculation, realizes the closed-loop control of cladding layer width, to pass through Using the laser forming uniformly broaden part method can accurate direct forming go out the part continuously to broaden, completion broadens impeller leaf The forming of the features parts such as piece, while keeping the height of part constant, greatly improve the complexity of laser 3D formation of parts And forming efficiency.Suitable for laser synchronization powder feeding/wire feeding cladding 3D formings.
Compared with prior art, the method eliminates a large amount of cladding layer early period orthogonal test, can save the plenty of time and Cost, and forming process is automatically finished, technological parameter can be carried out adaptive according to the data of layer sensor feedback and be corrected, nothing Need manual intervention.Compared with prior art, by the laser forming uniformly broaden part method forming parts size precision, Surface smoothness higher.
Above description is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention, And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, below with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and after coordinating attached drawing to be described in detail such as.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the schematic diagram for becoming spot and shaping not wide cladding layer for becoming cladding nozzle Z axis lifting capacity；
Fig. 2 is the width (w of each segment in the forming process that broadens after cladding layer divides segment1~wn) and layer sensor measurement Height (h1~hn) schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is adjacent three sections of true reactor height (hk-1, hk, hk+1) and the high h of ideal heaprComparison diagram.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below Example is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
A kind of uniformly the broaden method of part of laser forming shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S1 to S6. In the method that the laser forming uniformly broadens part, accumulation (referring to Fig. 1) is realized using laser melting coating nozzle 10.
S1：The CAD model of not wide part is subjected to slicing delamination to form several cladding layers, the upper table of every layer of cladding layer Face is parallel with lower surface, and the width of every layer of cladding layer differs；Spot width range is set, by spot width model in every layer of cladding layer The cladding layer for enclosing interior variation uses single track path planning.Cladding layer 20 as shown in Figure 1, the upper surface 21 of the cladding layer 20 is under Surface 22 is parallel, width etc., gradually broadens from side to the other side.
S2：In every layer of cladding layer, along the filling direction of the cladding layer, which is divided into multiple segments.At this In embodiment, each segment in every layer of cladding layer is isometric, if the length of Fig. 2, each segment are s, really, every layer of cladding Each segment in layer can be with Length discrepancy.By by the isometric division of segment, realizing consecutive variations, contributing in subsequent step S4 to adopt All segments are scanned with floor height sensor and convenient for step S5 calculating.In the present embodiment, the length of each segment Ranging from 0.1mm~1mm is set, the purpose that the value range of each segment is set as 0.1mm~1mm is：When segment Length is smaller, and resolution ratio when scanning is better, scans the calculating that the shape formed is more continuous, is convenient in subsequent step S5； If more than 1mm, then causes the sidewall surfaces resolution ratio of forming low, formed certain " step effect "；It is used if being less than 0.1mm Length value range have been approached or less than floor height sensor sampling period, it is not necessary that, while keeping system-computed amount excessive； In the short transverse of CAD model layering, each segment and each of i+1 layer cladding layer in i-th layer of cladding layer are small The position of section in the height direction is identical, wherein i is greater than or equal to 1.
S3：Incorporated by reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in Fig. 1, aj,akRespectively jth, the laser defocusing amount of k segments, dj,dkRespectively The spot diameter of jth, k segments.According to the cladding layer width w of each segmentkDetermine the spot diameter d of the segmentkAnd refer to defocus Measure ak, wherein spot diameter dkFor cladding layer width wkMajor influence factors, therefore, wk≈dk.In this step, can pass through Change the z-axis position of cladding nozzle or adjusts spot diameter and with reference to defocus by changing the position of collimating mirror (not shown) Amount, to change spot diameter dkAnd with reference to defocusing amount ak。
S4：Determine the high hr of ideal heap of all segments in every layer of cladding layer, wherein the reason of all segments in every layer of cladding layer Think that heap height is equal, ideal heap height is represented with hr, such as i-th layer of a height of hr of ideal heapi, a height of Hr of ideal heap of all segmentsi= [hri, hri..., hri..., hri].The high hr of ideal heap of all segmentsiUnanimously, so as to so that cladding layer formed thereby is kept It is contour.According to the facula area A of each segmentkTo determine the laser power P of this sectionk, keep the power density of every segment constant. In Process of Powder Feeding Laser Cladding, if powder sending quantity can quick response, can determine powder feeding according to the facula area size of each segment Amount；In wire feed formula laser melting coating, silk feeding quantity can be determined according to the facula area size of each segment.Then, every layer is accumulated Cladding layer；It is high by the true reactor of each segment in every layer of cladding layer of floor height sensor measurement in every layer of cladding layer, and handle Measured data Real-time Feedback is to host computer.During accumulating each layer of cladding layer, the sweep speed of every section of setting For V=[v1, v2..., vk..., vn], according to the of different size of every segment, the element of setting vector V is in the first of accumulation first layer Initial value V1For arithmetic progression, determined according to process experiences, substantially：The cladding layer of accumulation is narrower, and setting sweep speed is got over Soon；The cladding layer of accumulation is wider, and setting sweep speed is slower.And when accumulating first layer, due to the laser scanning of each segment Speed is all different, therefore is determined generally according to process experiences, substantially：The cladding layer of accumulation is narrower, and sweep speed is arranged It is faster；The cladding layer of accumulation is wider, and setting sweep speed is slower, keeps the laser energy for entering molten bath at width and powder/silk amount more, Cladding layer broadens.
S5：Incorporated by reference to Fig. 3, in i-th layer of cladding layer, the true reactor height and the ideal heap of the segment for calculating each segment are high Difference, as the segment accumulation height tolerance, which can be height absolute deviation or height relative deviation. In the accumulation of i+1 layer cladding layer, sweeping for i+1 layer cladding layer is corrected according to the difference for calculating obtained i-th layer of cladding layer Retouch speed.
S6：Step S4~S5 is repeated, until entire part forming.In this step, after constantly repeating S3~S4, if the It is each at this time small if the ideal heap height of each segment in the dried layer cladding layer will be almost the same with true reactor height after dried layer Duan Douke optimized after sweep speed, cladding process can kept stable, so far, cladding layer pattern tends to be steady, and disappears In addition to uneven phenomenon, continue accumulation until entire part forming.Such as：When the ideal heap height and true reactor of each segment are high When almost the same, the sweep speed vector V of optimization is formedoptAnd/or the control Matrix C of optimizationopt；Identical parts next time at Sweep speed vector V can be directly used when shape from beginningoptAnd/or the control Matrix C of optimizationoptAs initial value.
In the step S5, the amendment that following method carries out " sweep speed " can be used：If calculating in i-th layer of cladding layer Certain a bit of ideal heap height and the high difference of true reactor be negative, then accelerate in i+1 layer cladding layer with the segment in CAD moulds The sweep speed of corresponding segment in the short transverse of type layering, if calculating certain a bit of ideal in i-th layer of cladding layer Heap height is just, then to slow down the short transverse being layered in CAD model with the segment in i+1 layer cladding layer with the high difference of true reactor The sweep speed of upper corresponding segment.That is, the first purpose of step S5 is to correct the difference of last layer cladding layer, to subtract Small accumulation error.
Each segment specifically may be used calculation formula and be modified, such as：In the step S5, by calculation formula 1 or Calculation formula 2 is applied in all segments with the amendment of completion " sweep speed ".
The calculation formula 1 is：vk i+1=vk i–ck i(hri-hk i), wherein hri-hk iFor the ideal in i-th layer of cladding layer (kth segment, the k are greater than or equal to the high h of true reactor 1) to the high hr of heap with certain is a bit ofkDifference, hri-hk iIt is accumulated for the segment Height absolute deviation；I is the number of plies；CiFor the control parameter matrix of i-th layer of cladding layer, cornerwise element is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i], the CiIt is calculated by (i-1)-th layer of parameter, wherein initial value C1For empirical value, ViFor the cladding Per a bit of sweep speed in layer；Work as Vi+1When convergence, (Hri-Hi) in each element be intended to 0, the Hri-HiIt is molten for i-th layer The height absolute deviation matrix of all segments in coating.Fuzzy control method or nerve net can be used in this calculation formula 1 The training of network method and optimization C matrixes, make Vi+1Each element Fast Convergent.
The derivation of the calculation formula 1 is as follows：
The height absolute deviation of every segment in i-th layer of cladding layer is calculated, the height absolute deviation is in i-th layer of cladding The high h of true reactor of the high hr of ideal heap and the segment of segment in layerkDifference hri-hk i；
In the accumulation of i+1 layer cladding layer, according to obtained per a bit of height absolute deviation, pass through formula vk i +1=vk i–ck i(hri-hk i) to corresponding small in the short transverse that CAD model is layered with the segment in i+1 layer cladding layer The laser scanning speed of section is modified, wherein ck iFor the control parameter of segment in i-th layer of cladding layer, the scanning speed per segment Degree is V=[v1, v2..., vk..., vn], different according to the height of every segment, the element of setting vector V is molten in accumulation first layer The initial value V of coating1For arithmetic progression.
The calculation formula 1 can be write as vector form expression：Vi+1=Vi-Ci(Hri-Hi)T。
Calculation formula 2：vk i+1=vk i·ck i(hk i/hri), wherein hk i/hriFor in i-th layer of cladding layer certain a bit of ( K segments, the k are greater than or equal to the high h of true reactor 1)kWith the ratio of the high hr of ideal heap, hk i/hriFor the height of segment accumulation Relative deviation, i are the number of plies, CiFor the control parameter matrix of i-th layer of cladding layer, cornerwise element is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i], the CiIt is calculated by (i-1)-th layer of parameter, wherein initial value C1For empirical value, ViIt is swept for every a bit of Retouch speed；Work as Vi+1When convergence, Hi/HriIn each element be intended to 1, the Hi/HriFor the height of all segments in i-th layer of cladding layer Spend relative deviation matrix.Fuzzy control method or neural network method training and optimization C squares can be used in the calculation formula 2 Battle array, makes Vi+1Each element Fast Convergent.
The derivation of the calculation formula 2 is as follows：
Software calculate per segment height relative deviation, the height relative deviation be i-th layer the high hr of ideal heap with The high h of true reactorkRatio hk i/hri；
In the accumulation of i+1 layer, according to height relative deviation, pass through formula vk i+1=vk i·ck i(hk i/hri) to i-th+ The laser scanning speed of the segment corresponding in the short transverse that CAD model is layered with the segment is repaiied in 1 layer of cladding layer Just, wherein ck iFor the control parameter of segment in i-th layer of cladding layer, every section of sweep speed is V=[v1, v2..., vk..., vn], different according to the height of every segment, the element of setting vector V is in the initial value V for accumulating first layer1For arithmetic progression.
The calculation formula 2 can be write as vector form expression：Vi+1=Vi Ci(Hi/Hri)T。
In the step S5, when laser melting coating nozzle is when accumulating i+1 layer cladding layer, rotation one keeps the laser molten Cover the laser axis direction of the nozzle angle vertical with machined surface.
In the present embodiment, the Z of laser melting coating nozzle is adjusted using the height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer as compensation rate Axis lifting capacity adjusts defocusing amount so that it is remained unchanged, wherein the height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer is the cladding layer In any segment ideal heap height and the segment the high difference of true reactor.
In summary：Above-mentioned laser forming uniformly broaden part method by using being layered and be arranged every layer of single track road Diameter is planned, and spot diameter and the reference of the segment are determined by every layer of cladding layer segmentation and according to the cladding layer width of each segment Then defocusing amount measures and calculates the true reactor height of each segment in the every layer of cladding layer difference high with the ideal heap of the segment Value is corrected the sweep speed of next layer of cladding layer by calculating, realizes the closed-loop control of cladding layer width, thus by using The laser forming uniformly broaden part method can accurate direct forming go out the part continuously to broaden, completion broadens impeller blade etc. The forming of feature parts, while keeping the height of part constant, greatly improve laser 3D formation of parts complexity and at Shape efficiency.Suitable for laser synchronization powder feeding/wire feeding cladding 3D formings.
Compared with prior art, the method eliminates a large amount of cladding layer early period orthogonal test, can save the plenty of time and Cost, and forming process is automatically finished, technological parameter can be carried out adaptive according to the data of layer sensor feedback and be corrected, nothing Need manual intervention.Compared with prior art, by the laser forming uniformly broaden part method forming parts size precision, Surface smoothness higher, meanwhile, it is the CAD slices, path planning and automation direct forming of the part that broadens in arbitrary part Technique provides basic theory and method.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, to keep description succinct, not to above-mentioned reality It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited In contradiction, it is all considered to be the range of this specification record.
Several embodiments of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection of the present invention Range.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of method of part 1. laser forming uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that including：
    S1：The CAD model of not wide part is subjected to slicing delamination to form several cladding layers, the upper surface of every layer of cladding layer and Lower surface is parallel, and the width of every layer of cladding layer differs；Spot width range is set, it will be in every layer of cladding layer within the scope of spot width The cladding layer of variation uses single track path planning；
    S2：In every layer of cladding layer, along the filling direction of the cladding layer, which is divided into multiple segments；In CAD model In the short transverse of layering, each segment in i-th layer of cladding layer is with each segment in i+1 layer cladding layer in short transverse On position it is identical, wherein i be greater than or equal to 1；
    S3：The spot diameter of the segment is determined according to the cladding layer width of each segment and refers to defocusing amount；
    S4：It determines that the ideal heap of every layer of cladding layer is high, the laser power of this section is determined according to the facula area of each segment, is made Power density per segment is constant, then accumulates every layer of cladding layer；In every layer of cladding layer, by every layer of floor height sensor measurement The true reactor of each segment in cladding layer is high, and measured data Real-time Feedback to host computer；
    S5：In i-th layer of cladding layer, the true reactor height that the calculates each segment difference high with the ideal heap of the segment, in i+1 In the accumulation of layer cladding layer, the scanning speed of i+1 layer cladding layer is corrected according to the difference for calculating obtained i-th layer of cladding layer Degree；
    S6：Step S4~S5 is repeated, until entire part forming.
  2. The method of part 2. laser forming as described in claim 1 uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that in the step S3, Spot diameter is adjusted by changing the z-axis position of cladding nozzle or by changing collimating mirror position and with reference to defocusing amount.
  3. The method of part 3. laser forming as described in claim 1 uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that in the step S5, The amendment of " sweep speed " is carried out with the following method：If calculating certain a bit of ideal heap Gao Yushi in i-th layer of cladding layer Heap high difference in border is negative, then accelerates corresponding in the short transverse that CAD model is layered with the segment in i+1 layer cladding layer Segment sweep speed, if calculate certain a bit of ideal heap height and the high difference of true reactor in i-th layer of cladding layer be just, Then slow down the sweep speed of segment corresponding in the short transverse that CAD model is layered with the segment in i+1 layer cladding layer.
  4. The method of part 4. laser forming as described in claim 1 uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that in the step S5, Following formula 1 or formula 2 are applied in all segments with the amendment of completion " sweep speed ",
    Formula 1：vk i+1=vk i–ck i(hri-hk i), in the accumulation of i+1 layer cladding layer, according to obtained per a bit of Height absolute deviation passes through formula vk i+1=vk i–ck i(hri-hk i) to dividing in CAD model with the segment in i+1 layer cladding layer The laser scanning speed of corresponding segment is modified in the short transverse of layer；Wherein, hri-hk iFor in i-th layer of cladding stratification Think the high hr of heap and the high h of kth segment true reactorkDifference, wherein k be greater than or equal to 1；I is current layer number；CiFor i-th layer of cladding layer Control parameter matrix, cornerwise element be Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i]；ViFor every a bit of scanning speed Degree；Sweep speed per segment is V=[v1, v2..., vk..., vn]；Calculation formula 1 can be write as vector form expression：Vi+1 =Vi-Ci(Hri-Hi)T；Hri-HiFor the height absolute deviation matrix of all segments in i-th layer of cladding layer；Work as Vi+1When convergence, (Hri-Hi) in each element be intended to 0；
    Formula 2：vk i+1=vk i·ck i(hk i/hri), in the accumulation of i+1 layer, according to height relative deviation, pass through formula vk i +1=vk i·ck i(hk i/hri) to corresponding in the short transverse that CAD model is layered with the segment in i+1 layer cladding layer The laser scanning speed of segment is modified；Wherein, hk i/hriFor the high h of kth segment true reactor in i-th layer of cladding layerkWith reason Think that the ratio of the high hr of heap, wherein k are greater than or equal to 1；I is the number of plies；CiIt is diagonal for the control parameter matrix of i-th layer of cladding layer The element of line is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i]；ViFor every a bit of sweep speed；Every section of sweep speed is V= [v1, v2..., vk..., vn]；Calculation formula 2 can be write as vector form expression：Vi+1=ViCi(Hi/Hri)T；Hi/HriIt is i-th The height relative deviation matrix of all segments in layer cladding layer；Work as Vi+1When convergence, Hi/HriIn each element be intended to 1.
  5. The method of part 5. laser forming as claimed in claim 4 uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that use fuzzy control method Or neural network method is trained and optimizes C matrixes, makes Vi+1Each element Fast Convergent.
  6. The method of part 6. laser forming as described in claim 1 uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that in the step S5, When the ideal heap height of each segment and high almost the same true reactor, the sweep speed vector V of optimization is formedoptAnd/or optimization Control Matrix Copt；Sweep speed vector V is used when identical parts next time shapeoptAnd/or the control Matrix C of optimizationoptMake For initial value.
  7. The method of part 7. laser forming as described in claim 1 uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that uniformly become in laser forming In the method for wide part, is realized and accumulated using laser melting coating nozzle.
  8. The method of part 8. laser forming as claimed in claim 7 uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that by the height of every layer of cladding layer Spend Z axis lifting capacity of the absolute deviation as compensation rate adjustment laser melting coating nozzle, adjusting defocusing amount so that it is remained unchanged, In, the height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer is the true reactor of any segment ideal heap height and the segment in the cladding layer High difference.
  9. The method of part 9. laser forming as described in claim 1 uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that in the step S2, The equal length of each of every layer of cladding layer segment.
  10. The method of part 10. the laser forming as described in claim 1 or 9 uniformly broadens, which is characterized in that in the step S2 In, ranging from 0.1mm~1mm is arranged in the length of each of every layer of cladding layer segment.
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