CN106413365B - Strong electromagnetic shielding light window based on graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure - Google Patents
Strong electromagnetic shielding light window based on graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on a graphene/double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure belongs to the technical field of optical transparent piece electromagnetic shielding, and core devices of the electromagnetic shielding optical window are a graphene film and a metal mesh grid A, B, wherein the metal mesh grid A, B which are arranged in parallel is used as a transparent reflecting layer, and 1-6 layers of graphene films which are separated by transparent media are used as transparent absorbing layers to form a multilayer structure: the structure can lead radio frequency radiation to pass through the transparent absorption layer for many times and be strongly absorbed, thereby realizing the strong microwave absorption characteristic, and visible light only passes through the multilayer structure once and has high light transmittance; the invention solves the problem that the prior transparent electromagnetic shielding method can not give consideration to high light transmission, strong electromagnetic shielding and low electromagnetic reflection, and has the characteristics of high light transmission, strong electromagnetic shielding and low electromagnetic reflection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic shielding of optical transparent parts, and particularly relates to a strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on a graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure.
Background
With the development of broadcasting, television, wireless communication technology and microwave technology, radio frequency equipment is equipped in a large number in various places where people move, the frequency spectrum range is continuously widened, and the intensity is multiplied, so that the radio frequency equipment not only causes interference to electronic equipment, but also threatens human health. The invisible electromagnetic pollution directly acts on machines or human bodies, is an invisible killer with serious harm, and becomes the fifth largest pollution following atmospheric pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution and noise pollution. Electromagnetic shielding (including absorption and reflection) is a major measure for preventing and treating electromagnetic pollution, and in recent years, electromagnetic shielding technology has received much attention. The electromagnetic shielding, namely transparent electromagnetic shielding, which is required in visual observation occasions is always a difficult point and a hot point, and the application of the electromagnetic shielding, namely transparent electromagnetic shielding, comprises a medical electromagnetic isolation room observation window, a communication equipment transparent electromagnetic shielding element, an aerospace equipment optical window, an advanced optical instrument optical window, a confidential facility electromagnetic leakage prevention optical window, a liquid crystal display screen, a mobile phone touch screen, a vehicle-mounted transparent antenna and the like.
At present, the difficulty of realizing transparent electromagnetic shielding mainly lies in that most of traditional wave-absorbing materials are opaque or have poor transparency, and the transparency and the conductive shielding capability of the reflection transparent shielding technology based on transparent conductive materials or devices are mutually restricted, so that high transparency and strong electromagnetic shielding are difficult to realize simultaneously. In addition, the conductive reflective transparent shielding technology reflects electromagnetic radiation back to the space, which causes secondary pollution to the space environment and is not beneficial to the thorough prevention and treatment of electromagnetic pollution.
The transparent metal oxide film mainly made of indium tin oxide is widely applied to the visible light transparent occasions, but the light transmission waveband of the transparent metal oxide film is narrow, and the shielding capacity is not strong although the microwave shielding waveband is wide. The nano silver conductive network film can realize about 90% of light transmittance, but the nano silver wires have inevitable contact resistance, and particularly, the nano silver wires are very thin and sparse to enable the surface resistance of the nano silver wires to be higher when the nano silver wires are highly transparent, so that the shielding efficiency is reduced. The band-pass type frequency selective surface adopts a periodic resonance unit structure, can highly reflect interference microwaves outside an operating frequency band, but has poor light transmission and is difficult to realize a wide light transmission band. Therefore, the technical schemes can not meet the requirements of the electromagnetic shielding optical window on high light transmission and strong microwave shielding capability.
In contrast, the metal mesh grid with the period from millimeter to submillimeter is much shorter than the interference electromagnetic wavelength and much longer than the optical wavelength, so that the low-frequency broadband electromagnetic shielding can be realized, and meanwhile, the higher light transmittance of the visible light and the infrared band can be ensured. Therefore, the metal mesh grid with millimeter and sub-millimeter period is widely applied in the technical field of optical window electromagnetic shielding due to good transparent conductive performance:
patent 200810063988.0 entitled "an electromagnetic shielding optical window with double-layer square metal grid structure" describes an electromagnetic shielding optical window formed by placing square metal grids or metal wire nets with the same structural parameters in parallel on two sides of an optical window or a transparent substrate, which greatly improves the electromagnetic shielding efficiency.
Patent 200810063987.6 entitled "electromagnetic shielding optical window with double-layer circular ring metal grid structure" describes an electromagnetic shielding optical window formed by two layers of circular ring metal grids loaded on two sides of the optical window, which solves the problem that high light transmittance and strong electromagnetic shielding efficiency cannot be simultaneously considered.
Patent 201410051497.X "multi-period master-slave nested circular ring array electromagnetic shielding optical window with concentric circular rings" describes a metal mesh grid structure nested with the concentric circular rings and used for realizing the electromagnetic shielding function of the optical window, wherein the metal mesh grid structure enables stray light caused by high-level diffraction to be homogenized to a certain extent, and the influence of the mesh grid on the imaging quality of the optical window is reduced.
Patent 201410051496.5 entitled "electromagnetic shielding optical window with double-layer staggered multicycle metal ring nested array" describes an electromagnetic shielding optical window formed by two layers of staggered metal grids, which significantly reduces the nonuniformity of the grid diffraction light intensity distribution and the influence on imaging.
Patent 200810063988.0 and patent 200810063987.6 all adopt double-deck metal net bars parallel to place in the both sides of light window transparent substrate or substrate and constitute, and two-deck metal net bars have the same unit appearance and structural parameter, through the interval of optimizing two-layer net bars, have improved electromagnetic shielding efficiency. Patent 201410051497.X proposes a mesh grid structure with a master-slave nested circular ring array of multi-period concentric circular rings, which realizes the depth homogenization of high-order diffraction and reduces the influence on the imaging quality. Patent 201410051496.5 makes stray light distribution more even through the selection of double-layer grid stagger angle, and has less influence on imaging quality. In the above patents, the metal mesh grid (or the metal wire mesh) is used as a core device for microwave shielding, so that a better electromagnetic shielding effect and light transmittance can be realized, but when the metal is used as a reflective electromagnetic shielding material, a reflected radio frequency signal can cause secondary pollution to the space environment, and the prevention and treatment of electromagnetic pollution is not facilitated thoroughly.
In many areas of modern technology, carbon materials play a very important roleColor, among the many allotropes of carbon, graphene is a very typical material, being formed from carbon atoms in sp2The hexagonal honeycomb lattice planar thin film formed by the hybrid tracks is a two-dimensional material with the thickness of only one carbon atom, has multiple excellent properties, one of the outstanding properties is excellent transparent conductivity and certain microwave absorption performance, so that the graphene has high application value in the field of transparent electromagnetic shielding:
U.S. Pat. No. 20130068521, "graphene preparation method using graphene prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)" is loaded on a metal plate or a polymer substrate to realize Electromagnetic shielding, and compared with a metal plate or a polymer substrate which is not loaded with graphene, the Electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the whole structure is improved after the graphene is loaded.
Patent 201310232829. X "graphene-based structures and methods for shielding electromagnetic radiation" describes an electromagnetic shielding structure for shielding electromagnetic radiation having a frequency greater than 1 mhz, the structure being composed of one or more layers of graphene, at least one layer of graphene being doped with a dopant.
Patent 201420099425.8 "a transparent electromagnetic shielding film based on graphene film" describes a transparent electromagnetic shielding film with nano-silver wires arranged between a transparent substrate and a graphene film, wherein the nano-silver wires act as a charge bridge to increase the conductivity of the whole electromagnetic shielding film and improve the shielding efficiency.
James M. Tour et al, Rice University (Rice University) of America, used photolithography to prepare metal grids with line width of 5 μm, and transferred single-layer Graphene on the surface to make Graphene-metal grid mixed conductive Films (James M. Tour et al, "Rational Design of Hybrid Graphene Films for High-Performance transmission Electrodes". ACS Nano, 2011, 5 (8): 6472-6479), which can realize 90% transmittance and 20 Ω/sq sheet resistance.
Seul Ki Hong et al, Korea scientific and technical institute (KAIST), reported that the shielding efficiency of single-layer graphene was 2.27dB (Hong S K et al, "Electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of monolayer graphene". Nanotechnology, 2012, 23 (45): 455704), with absorption and reflection losses of-4.38 dB and-13.66 dB, respectively.
Kim S of the Korean University of Uniform (Sungkyunkwan University) and Myeong-Gi, et al of the Korean Samsung electric-machines corporation (Samsung Electro-Mechanics) use a polyetherimide/redox method prepared Graphene (PEI/RGO) laminate structure to achieve Electromagnetic Shielding (Kim S, et al, "Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Transmission Shield of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) Electromagnetic Interference suppression". Apc. applied plated materials & interfaces, 2014, 6 (20): 17647 17653), the efficiencies of the double-layer PEI/RGO and single-layer PEI/RGO laminates are 6.37dB and 3.09dB, respectively, and the absorption loss accounts for 96% and 92% of the total efficiency, respectively.
According to the scheme, the graphene is used for electromagnetic shielding, and a certain electromagnetic shielding effect can be achieved. US20130068521 adopts graphene as a core device of an electromagnetic shielding device, and transfers a whole large-area graphene onto a metal or polymer substrate by a roll-to-roll graphene transfer method, so as to achieve an excellent electromagnetic shielding effect, but the electromagnetic shielding device does not have transparency. Patent 201310232829. X "graphene-based structure and method for shielding electromagnetic radiation" uses a graphene thin film as a main body of an electromagnetic shielding structure, and at least one layer of the graphene thin film is doped to improve the electromagnetic shielding efficiency, but the doping affects the light transmittance of the whole structure. Patent 201420099425.8, "a transparent electromagnetic shielding film based on graphene thin film", utilizes nano-silver wires to increase the conductivity of the graphene thin film and increase the reflection loss to achieve the improvement of the electromagnetic shielding efficiency, but the main contribution of the electromagnetic shielding is caused by reflection. In the document 8, the graphene film is loaded on the metal mesh to form a structure in which the graphene and the metal mesh are tightly attached to each other, so that the conductivity of the metal mesh is improved, the light transmittance reaches 91%, and the electromagnetic shielding of the structure is mainly reflected. The research results in the above-mentioned document 9 indicate that although the shielding efficiency of graphene increases greatly as the number of layers increases, the absorption loss increases little, and the light transmittance is lost by 2.3% per one layer of graphene, making it difficult to achieve high light transmittance, low reflection, and strong electromagnetic shielding at the same time with this structure. In the above document 10, the graphene thin film (RGO) and Polyetherimide (PEI) laminated structure prepared by the redox method realizes electromagnetic shielding, and the shielding mainly involves absorption loss, but the shielding efficiency of the double-layer PEI/RGO structure is only 6.37dB, and the light transmittance is only 62%, and it is difficult to realize both strong electromagnetic shielding and high light transmittance.
In a word, in the prior electromagnetic shielding technology, a method mainly based on reflection-type electromagnetic shielding is easy to cause secondary electromagnetic pollution; in the electromagnetic shielding method with absorption loss, either the light transmittance is not high or the electromagnetic shielding efficiency is not strong, so that it is difficult to realize high transparency and strong electromagnetic shielding at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing transparent electromagnetic shielding technology, in particular to the problems that transparency and conductive shielding capacity are mutually restricted, high light transmittance and strong microwave shielding efficiency are difficult to be considered, and electromagnetic leakage and secondary pollution are caused by reflected electromagnetic signals in the existing reflective transparent shielding technology, and develops a strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on a graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure, so that the purposes of high light transmittance, strong electromagnetic shielding and low electromagnetic reflection performance are achieved.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the electromagnetic shielding optical window is formed by assembling a transparent absorption layer, a transparent medium A, a metal mesh grid A, a transparent medium B and a metal mesh grid B which are sequentially overlapped and arranged in parallel; the transparent absorption layer is composed of 1-6 layers of graphene films separated by transparent media, and the metal mesh grid A and the metal mesh grid B which are arranged in parallel form a transparent reflection layer.
The good effect produced by the invention mainly focuses on realizing the performance of high light transmission, strong electromagnetic shielding and low electromagnetic reflection at the same time, and the good effect is as follows:
the microwave absorption characteristic of graphene and the strong microwave reflection characteristic of a double-layer metal grid are organically combined, the double-layer metal grid is used as a transparent reflection layer, and compared with a single-layer metal grid, the microwave shielding efficiency and the reflectivity are remarkably improved on the premise that the light transmission performance is unchanged, and strong electromagnetic shielding and reflection of radio frequency radiation can be better realized; the transparent absorption layer is a graphene film structure with 1-6 layers separated by a transparent medium, and radio frequency radiation can be partially absorbed and pass through the transparent absorption layer in a low-reflection mode; relative to the incident direction of microwaves, the transparent reflecting layer is arranged behind the transparent absorbing layer, so that strong electromagnetic shielding is realized, the microwaves transmitted through the transparent absorbing layer are reflected back to the transparent absorbing layer strongly, radio-frequency radiation is reflected and absorbed for multiple times, and finally, low-reflection strong electromagnetic shielding is realized; according to the laminated structure, on one hand, due to the existence of the transparent absorption layer, the problem that shielding mainly based on reflection easily causes secondary electromagnetic pollution when only a metal mesh grid exists is solved, on the other hand, due to the existence of the transparent reflection layer and the arrangement behind the transparent absorption layer, microwaves to be shielded are reflected and absorbed for multiple times, the problem that the shielding efficiency is not high when only the graphene film transparent absorption layer exists is solved, meanwhile, for light waves, only once light waves penetrate through the transparent absorption layer and the transparent reflection layer, the loss generated by the light waves is small, the high light transmission characteristic can be realized, and when the double-layer metal mesh grid adopts a mesh grid structure with uniform diffraction light distribution, the influence of the whole laminated structure on the imaging quality is low.
In conclusion, the invention has the most outstanding effect that the invention can simultaneously have high light transmission, strong electromagnetic shielding and low electromagnetic reflection performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a strong electromagnetic shielding window based on a graphene and double-layer metal grid laminated structure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a grid unit arrangement of a grid metal grid.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an arrangement mode of grid units of a circular ring metal grid.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a grid unit arrangement of a multi-period micro-ring metal grid.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on a graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on a graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure according to an embodiment.
Description of part numbers in the figures: 1. protective layer A2, antireflection film A3, transparent absorption layer 4, transparent medium A5, metal mesh A6, transparent medium B7, metal mesh B8 antireflection film B9. protective layer B10, graphene film A11, transparent medium C12 and graphene film B
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the electromagnetic shielding optical window is formed by assembling a transparent absorption layer 3, a transparent medium A4, a metal mesh grid A5, a transparent medium B6 and a metal mesh grid B7 which are sequentially overlapped and arranged in parallel; the transparent absorption layer 3 is composed of 1-6 layers of graphene films separated by transparent media, and the metal mesh A5 and the metal mesh B7 which are arranged in parallel form a transparent reflection layer.
A single-layer or multi-layer antireflection film A2 and a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer A1 are arranged in parallel on the outer side of the transparent absorption layer 3; a single-layer or multi-layer antireflection film B8 and a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer B9 are sequentially arranged in parallel on the outer side of the metal grid B7.
The metal mesh A5 and the metal mesh B7 are both formed by two-dimensional plane structures in which mesh units are periodically arranged, the period of each mesh unit is in the range of submillimeter to millimeter, the width of each metal line is in the range of submicrometer to micrometer, and connecting metal for communicating the two metal lines is arranged between the adjacent mesh units through metal line overlapping or at the overlapping position.
The spacing between the metal mesh A5 and the metal mesh B7 is in millimeter order, and the spacing is less than 0.25 times of the minimum shielding wavelength.
The number of graphene layers included in the graphene thin film constituting the transparent absorption layer 3 is a single layer, a double layer, or a triple layer, and the number of graphene layers included in the graphene thin film in which the layers are separated by the transparent medium may be the same or different.
The metal grid A5 and the metal grid B7 are both made of alloy materials with good conductivity, and the thickness of the alloy is more than 100 nm.
The light transmittance of the transparent reflecting layer consisting of the metal mesh A5 and the metal mesh B7 is more than 90 percent.
The transparent medium A4, the transparent medium B6 and the transparent medium manufacturing materials for separating the transparent absorption layer 3 graphene film comprise common glass, quartz glass, infrared materials and transparent resin materials.
According to the strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on the graphene and double-layer metal grid laminated structure, the transparent reflecting layer is a core device for realizing strong reflection electromagnetic shielding, and the transparent absorbing layer 3 has the characteristics of low reflection and partial microwave absorption. The transparent absorbing layer 3 is disposed on the side closer to the source of the radio-frequency radiation wave than the transparent reflecting layer constituted by the two-layer metal grids a5 and B7. The radio frequency radiation energy irradiated to the optical window enters the transparent absorption layer 3, the energy absorbed and attenuated by each layer of graphene in the transparent absorption layer 3 is highly reflected by the transparent reflection layer, the reflected radio frequency radiation passes through the transparent absorption layer 3 again and is absorbed and attenuated by each layer of graphene again, the radio frequency radiation undergoes multiple reflection and absorption at the reflection part of each graphene film layer and the transparent dielectric layer, and finally, most energy of the radio frequency radiation is absorbed, so that the electromagnetic shielding mainly based on absorption is realized. And for the optical wave band needing to pass through, the optical wave band only passes through the transparent absorption layer 3 once and the transparent reflection layer once, the loss is less, and high light transmission can be realized.
According to the strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on the graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure, the distance between the double-layer metal mesh grids A5 and B7 is in the millimeter order, and compared with a single-layer metal mesh grid structure, the microwave shielding effect of the electromagnetic shielding optical window can be remarkably improved under the condition that the light transmittance is not changed.
Examples
The electromagnetic shielding optical window is formed by assembling a transparent absorption layer 3, a transparent medium A4, a metal mesh grid A5, a transparent medium B6 and a metal mesh grid B7 which are sequentially overlapped and arranged in parallel; the transparent absorption layer 3 is composed of a single-layer graphene film A10, a transparent medium C11 and a single-layer graphene film B12 which are sequentially arranged in parallel, and a transparent reflection layer is composed of a metal mesh A5 and a metal mesh B7 which are arranged in parallel.
The invention has the technical effects that: when the shielding efficiency of the double-layer metal mesh grid is 29.8dB, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the double-layer metal mesh grid is 33.4dB, the absorption loss accounts for 60.1 percent of the total shielding energy, strong electromagnetic shielding with absorption as the main is realized, the light transmittance is 90.4 percent, and the double-layer metal mesh grid still has high light transmittance. A single-layer metal mesh grid is used as a transparent reflecting layer, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency is 23.2dB, the absorption loss accounts for 58.0% of the total shielding energy, and the light transmittance is 90.4%. Compared with a simulation result that a single-layer metal mesh grid is used as a transparent reflecting layer, the strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on the graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure is remarkably improved in microwave shielding performance under the condition that the light transmittance is kept unchanged.
The invention also corresponds to other embodiments, changes the shape and the structural parameters of the grid units of the double-layer metal grid in the figure 5 and the arrangement mode of the grid units, keeps the original arrangement mode of each layer unchanged, and finally can obtain similar effect; on the basis of the transparent absorption layer composed of two layers of single-layer graphene separated from each other in fig. 5, increasing or decreasing the number of single-layer graphene films separated by the transparent medium will result in an increase in absorption loss or an increase in light transmittance, which can be adjusted accordingly according to actual needs.
Claims (7)
1. Strong electromagnetic shielding light window based on graphite alkene and double-deck metal mesh grid laminated structure, its characterized in that: the electromagnetic shielding optical window is formed by assembling a transparent absorption layer (3), a transparent medium A (4), a metal mesh grid A (5), a transparent medium B (6) and a metal mesh grid B (7) which are sequentially overlapped and arranged in parallel; the transparent absorption layer (3) is composed of 1-6 layers of graphene films separated by transparent media, and a transparent reflection layer is composed of a metal mesh grid A (5) and a metal mesh grid B (7) which are arranged in parallel; the number of layers of graphene contained in the graphene film forming the transparent absorption layer (3) is single layer, double layer or three layers, and the number of layers of graphene contained in the graphene film separated by the transparent medium in each layer is the same or different; the radio frequency radiation energy irradiated to the optical window enters the transparent absorption layer (3), the energy absorbed and attenuated by each layer of graphene in the transparent absorption layer (3) is highly reflected by the transparent reflection layer, the reflected radio frequency radiation passes through the transparent absorption layer (3) again and is absorbed and attenuated by each layer of graphene again, the radio frequency radiation undergoes multiple reflection and absorption at the reflection part of each graphene film layer and the transparent dielectric layer, and finally most energy of the radio frequency radiation is absorbed, so that the electromagnetic shielding mainly based on absorption is realized.
2. The strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on the graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure according to claim 1, wherein: arranging a single-layer or multi-layer antireflection film A (2) and a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer A (1) in parallel on the outer side part of the transparent absorption layer (3) in sequence; and a single-layer or multi-layer antireflection film B (8) and a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer B (9) are sequentially arranged on the outer side part of the metal mesh B (7) in parallel.
3. The strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on the graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure according to claim 1, wherein: arranging a single-layer or multi-layer antireflection film A (2) and a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer A (1) in parallel on the outer side part of the transparent absorption layer (3) in sequence; and a single-layer or multi-layer antireflection film B (8) and a single-layer or multi-layer protective layer B (9) are sequentially arranged on the outer side part of the metal mesh B (7) in parallel.
4. The strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on the graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the metal mesh grid A (5) and the metal mesh grid B (7) is millimeter magnitude, and the distance is less than 0.25 time of the minimum shielding wavelength.
5. The strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on the graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure according to claim 1, wherein: the metal grids A, B (5, 7) are made of alloy materials with good conductivity, and the thickness of the alloy is larger than 100 nm.
6. The strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on the graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure according to claim 1, wherein: the transparent reflective layer made of metal mesh A, B (5, 7) has a light transmittance of greater than 90%.
7. The strong electromagnetic shielding optical window based on the graphene and double-layer metal mesh grid laminated structure according to claim 1, wherein: the transparent medium A, B (4, 6) and the transparent medium manufacturing material for separating the transparent absorption layer (3) and the graphene film comprise common glass, quartz glass, infrared materials and transparent resin materials.
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