CN106408858A - Black ice early warning device and black ice early warning method - Google Patents
Black ice early warning device and black ice early warning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106408858A CN106408858A CN201610887677.0A CN201610887677A CN106408858A CN 106408858 A CN106408858 A CN 106408858A CN 201610887677 A CN201610887677 A CN 201610887677A CN 106408858 A CN106408858 A CN 106408858A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B19/00—Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow
- G08B19/02—Alarm responsive to formation or anticipated formation of ice
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Abstract
The invention provides a black ice early warning device and a black ice early warning method, which relate to the field of traffic and transportation. According to the device and the method of the invention, the surface resistance and the road surface temperature of a to-be-detected road surface area and the atmospheric temperature above the to-be-detected road surface area are detected; if the surface resistance is in a preset threshold range, the change rate of the road surface temperature along with time and the change rate of the atmospheric temperature along with time in a preset time period are both smaller than 0, and the road surface temperature is larger than 0, the black ice forming future time is calculated according to the absolute value of the difference between the road surface temperature and the atmospheric temperature, the change rate of the road surface temperature along with time at the current time and the road surface temperature at the current time. The black ice early warning device and the black ice early warning method can calculate the black ice forming future time, a working staff is reminded to remove accumulated water or an ice water mixture before the black ice forming time or to provide a safety driving hint for drivers after the black ice forming time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to traffic and transport field, in particular to a kind of black ice prior-warning device and method.
Background technology
Black ice (black ice) is the image that a kind of description pavement of road shallow-layer ponding is in critical icing condition or thin ice
Statement, is characterized in that the ice crystal of thin layer ponding condensation of road surface accumulation or the mixture of ice and water of critical icing.Black ice is formed
Main cause and process to be road surface form one layer of thin liquid on road surface due to shallow-layer ponding or evaporation from land water smoke, condensed water
Layer, these are in that the matte depression on road surface is generally just filled and led up or slightly above road surface, on road surface by layer liquids of critical icing condition
Temperature is in critical condensation close to zero degree or less than these layer liquids during zero degree or congeals into ice or ice crystal state.Because black ice is attached
On road surface, basically identical with road color, in vehicle travels, human pilot naked eyes cannot find black ice substantially, so to road
Very harmful, the easily production major traffic accidents of road traffic.Just the section that black ice may be produced is had before black ice is formed
Effect early warning is a kind of active and effective accident prevention method.
The method that China adopts at present is to issue icing early warning although having in meteorology meaning by weather forecast unit
Specific aim, but then there is no specific aim for road traffic, and practical significance is little.
Content of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of black ice prior-warning device and method.
In a first aspect, embodiments providing a kind of black ice prior-warning device, described black ice prior-warning device includes：
Earth's surface electric resistance sensor, for detecting the earth's surface resistance in road surface to be measured region；
First temperature sensor, for detecting the pavement temperature in road surface to be measured region；
Second temperature sensor, for detecting the atmospheric temperature of road surface to be measured overlying regions；
Controller, all electric with described earth's surface electric resistance sensor, described first temperature sensor, described second temperature sensor
Connect, for judge described earth's surface resistance whether in default threshold range, within the presetting time period pavement temperature with
The rate of change of time and atmospheric temperature over time rate whether be respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature whether be more than 0, if earth's surface is electric
Resistance in default threshold range and within the presetting time period pavement temperature rate and atmospheric temperature be at any time over time
Between rate of change be respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature when being more than 0, according to the absolute value of difference of pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature, when
The pavement temperature of front moment, pavement temperature rate and current time over time calculates the future time instance forming black ice.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of black ice method for early warning, and described black ice method for early warning includes：
Detect the atmospheric temperature of the earth's surface resistance, pavement temperature and road surface to be measured overlying regions in road surface to be measured region；
In default threshold range, within the presetting time period, pavement temperature is at any time to judge described earth's surface resistance
Between rate of change and atmospheric temperature over time rate whether be respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature whether be more than 0；
If pavement temperature is over time in default threshold range and within the presetting time period for earth's surface resistance
Rate is respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature when being more than 0, according to pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature over time for rate and atmospheric temperature
The pavement temperature of rate and current time calculates and is formed over time for the absolute value of difference, current time, pavement temperature
The future time instance of black ice.
Compared with prior art, a kind of black ice prior-warning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention and method, to be measured by detecting
The atmospheric temperature of the earth's surface resistance in road surface region, pavement temperature and road surface to be measured overlying regions；If earth's surface resistance is default
Pavement temperature rate and atmospheric temperature rate over time over time in threshold range and within the presetting time period
It is respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature when being more than 0, according to the absolute value of difference of pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature, current time, road surface
The pavement temperature of temperature rate and current time over time calculates the future time instance forming black ice.This black ice early warning fills
Put and can calculate, with method, the future time instance forming black ice, remind staff to eliminate road to be measured before forming the moment of black ice
The ponding in face or mixture of ice and water or the prompting that safety traffic was provided for driver after the moment that black ice is formed.
For enabling the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention to become apparent, preferred embodiment cited below particularly, and coordinate
Appended accompanying drawing, is described in detail below.
Brief description
Purpose, technical scheme and advantage for making the embodiment of the present invention are clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described it is clear that described embodiment is
The a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.The present invention generally described and illustrated in accompanying drawing herein is implemented
The assembly of example can be arranged with various different configurations and design.Therefore, the reality to the present invention providing in the accompanying drawings below
The detailed description applying example is not intended to limit the scope of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected enforcement of the present invention
Example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of not making creative work
Every other embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of circuit of black ice prior-warning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention connects block diagram；
Fig. 2 is a kind of t provided in an embodiment of the present inventionnMoment, tiMoment and tmThe time order and function relation in moment is illustrated
Figure；
Fig. 3 is a kind of time dependent curve synoptic diagram of temperature in the morning to dusk provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of flow chart of black ice method for early warning provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the corresponding relation between reference and component names is as follows：Earth's surface electric resistance sensor 101, the first temperature
Sensor 102, second temperature sensor 103, controller 104, power management module 105, positional information acquisition module 106 and
Communication interface 107.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Ground description is it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Generally exist
The assembly of the embodiment of the present invention described and illustrated in accompanying drawing can be arranged with various different configurations and design herein.Cause
This, be not intended to limit claimed invention to the detailed description of the embodiments of the invention providing in the accompanying drawings below
Scope, but it is merely representative of the selected embodiment of the present invention.Based on embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art are not doing
The every other embodiment being obtained on the premise of going out creative work, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Below by specific embodiment and combine accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Refer to Fig. 1, embodiments provide a kind of black ice prior-warning device, described black ice prior-warning device includes earth's surface
Electric resistance sensor 101, the first temperature sensor 102, second temperature sensor 103, controller 104, power management module 105,
Positional information acquisition module 106 and communication interface 107.
Described earth's surface electric resistance sensor 101 is used for detecting the earth's surface resistance in road surface to be measured region.
Earth's surface electric resistance sensor 101 is usually mounted to the earth's surface on road surface to be detected, and under normal conditions, in different water
Under the conditions of vapour, the resistance on road surface to be detected is different, is therefore installed on two inspections of the earth's surface electric resistance sensor 101 on road surface to be detected
Survey interelectrode resistance and there is significant difference, the different water vapor condition in road surface can be distinguished by the change of this species diversity.Road
The water vapor condition in face includes " drying ", " moist ", " ponding ", due to the more dry road surface to be detected in road surface to be detected resistance value more
Greatly, in the specific implementation, need to set between resistor tracks by thing, obtain earth's surface electric resistance sensor during different pavement state
The scope of the resistance value between 101 detecting electrode, for example, when " drying ", the scope of presetting resistance value is more than R1；When "
Moist " when, the scope of presetting resistance value is more than R2；When " ponding " when, the scope of presetting resistance value is more than R3.Sentencing
It is only necessary to according to the interelectrode resistance value of specified time interval sample detecting, after rejecting abnormalities value, sentence during the water vapor condition in breaking face
Which resistor tracks is its average of breaking be located between, you can determine the water vapor condition on road surface.
Described first temperature sensor 102 is used for detecting the pavement temperature in road surface to be measured region.
First temperature sensor 102 is arranged at the surface in road surface to be measured region, thus detecting the road surface in road surface to be measured region
Temperature.
Described second temperature sensor 103 is used for detecting the atmospheric temperature of road surface to be measured overlying regions.
First temperature sensor 102 is arranged at the top in road surface to be measured region, thus detecting road surface to be measured overlying regions
Atmospheric temperature.
Described controller 104 and described earth's surface electric resistance sensor 101, described first temperature sensor 102, described second temperature
Whether degree sensor 103 all electrically connects, for judging described earth's surface resistance in default threshold range, in the presetting time
In section pavement temperature over time rate and atmospheric temperature over time rate whether be respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature whether
More than 0, if earth's surface resistance pavement temperature rate over time in default threshold range and within the presetting time period
And atmospheric temperature rate is respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature when being more than 0, according to the difference of pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature over time
It is black that the pavement temperature of the absolute value of value, current time, pavement temperature rate and current time over time calculates formation
The future time instance of ice.
In the present embodiment, presetting threshold range refers to that pavement state is in resistance threshold when " ponding " or " moist "
Value scope；Within the presetting time period pavement temperature over time rate and atmospheric temperature rate is respectively less than over time
When 0, illustrate that temperature declines, meet a condition of black ice formation.
Specifically, described controller 104 is additionally operable to the road according to the multiple moment in the presetting time period detecting
Face temperature and least square method calculate pavement temperature rate over time；And according in the presetting time period detecting
The atmospheric temperature in multiple moment and least square method calculate atmospheric temperature rate over time.Specifically, pavement temperature
Rate is specifically drawn by following manner over time for rate and atmospheric temperature over time：
As shown in Fig. 2 making uRt1、uRt2Represent pavement temperature by current time t respectivelyiTo tmAnd tnIn the time period in moment
The slope of data linear fit, ti-tm=t1, ti-tn=t2, similar, make uAt1、uAt2Represent road surface to be measured overlying regions respectively
Atmospheric temperature in t1And t2The linear fit slope of period.Make (xi, yi) represent pavement temperature or road surface to be measured overlying regions
The data point coordinates of atmospheric temperature, xiRepresent the moment, it needs to be determined that certain moment is reference point and is converted into little in Practical Calculation
When or minute unit, yiRepresent pavement temperature or Air Close To The Earth Surface temperature；U represents pavement temperature or road surface to be measured overlying regions
The slope of atmospheric temperature data linear fit within certain time period.According to formulaWherein,Carry out least square method and carry out linear fit, outlet can be calculated
If described controller 104 is used for pavement temperature is less than or equal to default threshold with the absolute value of the difference of atmospheric temperature
During value, according to formulaCalculate the moment forming black ice, wherein t0For formed black ice following when
Carve, tiFor current moment, TRiFor current moment corresponding pavement temperature, uRiFor pavement temperature rate over time.
Atmospheric temperature change curve base in temperature normally non-sunshine-duration pavement temperature and road surface to be measured overlying regions
This synchronization and overlap or be in a certain poised state (atmospheric temperature of road surface to be measured overlying regions and pavement temperature keep a base
This stationary temperature is poor), for the atmospheric temperature of road surface to be measured overlying regions, pavement temperature change is only omited in time
Have delayed, it is substantially approximate that pavement temperature changes slope with the atmospheric temperature change slope of road surface to be measured overlying regions.
Through inventor's lot of experiments, when the absolute value of pavement temperature and the difference of atmospheric temperature is less than or equal to default threshold
During value, illustrate to be now in the non-moment (namely at dusk to the time period in morning) in the sunshine-duration, now pavement temperature with
Atmospheric temperature near linear declines, now can be according to formulaCalculate the moment forming black ice.
If in addition, described controller 104 is used for pavement temperature is more than default threshold with the absolute value of the difference of atmospheric temperature
During value, according to formula t0=2tmax-tminCalculate the future time instance forming black ice, wherein t0For forming the future time instance of black ice,
tiFor current moment, tminFor tiBefore moment and from tiMoment nearest pavement temperature is 0 moment, tmaxFor tminTo tiWhen
Between section pavement temperature maximum when the corresponding moment.
Through inventor's lot of experiments, as shown in figure 3, presetting when the absolute value of pavement temperature and the difference of atmospheric temperature is more than
Threshold value when, illustrate to be now in the moment (the namely time period of the morning to dusk) of sunshine-duration.On the region of road surface to be measured
The atmospheric temperature of side during the day be similar to sinusoidal variation although the big temperature affecting road surface to be measured overlying regions removes
Factors beyond solar radiation, such as wind direction, wind speed, weather phenomenon, atmospheric circulation, just have a meeting, an audience, etc. well under one's control, but road surface to be measured area
Atmospheric temperature above domain and pavement temperature still approximately assume this Changing Pattern.Therefore, now controller 104 is additionally operable to foundation
Formula t0=2tmax-tminCalculate the future time instance forming black ice.
Power management module 105 is electrically connected with controller 104, and power management module 105 is responsible for power management for for whole
Individual black ice prior-warning device, and also there is the effect such as voltage stabilizing, pressure limiting, pressure regulation, current limliting, if adopting solar powered mode, electricity
Source module must also possess the charge-discharge circuit of batteries to store energy original paper.
Described positional information acquisition module 106 is electrically connected with described controller 104, described positional information acquisition module 106
The positional information current for gathering described black ice prior-warning device.In the present embodiment, positional information acquisition module can using but
It is not limited to positional information acquisition module, network address locating module and peg orientation module.
Described communication interface 107 is electrically connected with described controller 104, and described controller 104 is additionally operable to collect position
The future time instance of information and the formation black ice calculating is sent to an intelligent terminal by described communication interface 107.
Staff can view current positional information and the formation black ice associating with this positional information in intelligent terminal
Future time instance.
Refer to Fig. 4, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of black ice method for early warning, it should be noted that the present embodiment
The black ice method for early warning being provided, the technique effect of its general principle and generation is identical with above-described embodiment, for briefly describing, this
Embodiment part does not refer to part, refers to corresponding contents in the above embodiments.Described black ice method for early warning includes：
Step S401：Detect the earth's surface resistance in road surface to be measured region, pavement temperature, the big temperature of road surface to be measured overlying regions
Spend and gather current positional information.
Step S402：According to the pavement temperature in multiple moment in the presetting time period detecting and least square method
Calculate pavement temperature rate over time；And the big temperature according to the multiple moment in the presetting time period detecting
Degree and least square method calculate atmospheric temperature rate over time.
Step S403：Judge described earth's surface resistance whether road in default threshold range, within the presetting time period
Face temperature over time rate and atmospheric temperature over time rate whether be respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature whether be more than 0；
If earth's surface resistance pavement temperature rate and air over time in default threshold range and within the presetting time period
Temperature over time rate be respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature be more than 0 when, execution step S404.
Step S404：According to the absolute value of difference of pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature, current time, pavement temperature in time
Rate of change and current time pavement temperature calculate formed black ice future time instance.
Specifically, step S404 can be included according to formulaCalculate formed black ice when
Carve, wherein t0For forming the future time instance of black ice, tiFor current moment, TRiFor current moment corresponding pavement temperature, uRi
For pavement temperature rate over time.
Specifically, step S404 is also included according to formula t0=2tmax-tminCalculate the future time instance forming black ice, its
Middle t0For forming the future time instance of black ice, tiFor current moment, tminFor tiBefore moment and from tiMoment nearest road surface temperature
Spend the moment for 0, tmaxFor tminTo tiThe corresponding moment when pavement temperature of time period is maximum.
Step S405：The future time instance collecting positional information and the formation black ice calculating is sent to an intelligence eventually
End.
To sum up, a kind of black ice prior-warning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention and method, by detecting road surface to be measured region
The atmospheric temperature of earth's surface resistance, pavement temperature and road surface to be measured overlying regions；If earth's surface resistance is in default threshold range
And within the presetting time period pavement temperature over time rate and atmospheric temperature over time rate be respectively less than 0 and
When pavement temperature is more than 0, according to the absolute value of difference of pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature, current time, pavement temperature in time
Rate of change and current time pavement temperature calculate formed black ice future time instance.This black ice prior-warning device and method
The future time instance forming black ice can be calculated, remind staff to eliminate the ponding on road surface to be measured before forming the moment of black ice
Or mixture of ice and water or the prompting that safety traffic was provided for driver after the moment that black ice is formed.
It should be understood that disclosed apparatus and method are it is also possible to pass through in several embodiments provided herein
Other modes are realized.Device embodiment described above is only schematically, for example, the flow chart in accompanying drawing and block diagram
Show the device of multiple embodiments according to the present invention, the architectural framework in the cards of method and computer program product,
Function and operation.At this point, each square frame in flow chart or block diagram can represent the one of a module, program segment or code
Part, a part for described module, program segment or code comprises holding of one or more logic function for realizing regulation
Row instruction.It should also be noted that at some as in the implementation replaced, the function of being marked in square frame can also be to be different from
The order being marked in accompanying drawing occurs.For example, two continuous square frames can essentially execute substantially in parallel, and they are sometimes
Can execute in the opposite order, this is depending on involved function.It is also noted that it is every in block diagram and/or flow chart
The combination of the square frame in individual square frame and block diagram and/or flow chart, can be with the special base of the function of execution regulation or action
System in hardware to be realized, or can be realized with combining of computer instruction with specialized hardware.
In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present invention can integrate one independent portion of formation
Divide or modules individualism is it is also possible to two or more modules are integrated to form an independent part.
If described function realized using in the form of software function module and as independent production marketing or use when, permissible
It is stored in a computer read/write memory medium.Based on such understanding, technical scheme is substantially in other words
Partly being embodied in the form of software product of part that prior art is contributed or this technical scheme, this meter
Calculation machine software product is stored in a storage medium, including some instructions with so that a computer equipment (can be individual
People's computer, server, or network equipment etc.) execution each embodiment methods described of the present invention all or part of step.
And aforesaid storage medium includes：USB flash disk, portable hard drive, read-only storage (ROM, Read-Only Memory), arbitrary access are deposited
Reservoir (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disc or CD etc. are various can be with the medium of store program codes.Need
Illustrate, herein, such as first and second or the like relational terms be used merely to by an entity or operation with
Another entity or operation make a distinction, and not necessarily require or imply there is any this reality between these entities or operation
The relation on border or order.And, term " inclusion ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to the bag of nonexcludability
Containing, so that including a series of process of key elements, method, article or equipment not only include those key elements, but also including
Other key elements being not expressly set out, or also include for this process, method, article or the intrinsic key element of equipment.
In the absence of more restrictions, the key element being limited by sentence "including a ..." is it is not excluded that including described key element
Process, method, also there is other identical element in article or equipment.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made any repair
Change, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.It should be noted that：Similar label and letter exist
Representing similar terms in figure below, therefore, once being defined in a certain Xiang Yi accompanying drawing, being then not required in subsequent accompanying drawing
It is defined further and to be explained.
The above, the only specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any
Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, change or replacement can be readily occurred in, all should contain
Cover within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should described be defined by scope of the claims.
It should be noted that herein, such as first and second or the like relational terms are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are made a distinction with another entity or operation, and not necessarily require or imply these entities or deposit between operating
In any this actual relation or order.And, term " inclusion ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to
Comprising of nonexcludability, wants so that including a series of process of key elements, method, article or equipment and not only including those
Element, but also include other key elements being not expressly set out, or also include for this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic key element.In the absence of more restrictions, the key element that limited by sentence "including a ..." it is not excluded that
Also there is other identical element including in the process of described key element, method, article or equipment.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of black ice prior-warning device is it is characterised in that described black ice prior-warning device includes：
Earth's surface electric resistance sensor, for detecting the earth's surface resistance in road surface to be measured region；
First temperature sensor, for detecting the pavement temperature in road surface to be measured region；
Second temperature sensor, for detecting the atmospheric temperature of road surface to be measured overlying regions；
Controller, is all electrically connected with described earth's surface electric resistance sensor, described first temperature sensor, described second temperature sensor
Connect, for judging described earth's surface resistance, in default threshold range, within the presetting time period, pavement temperature is at any time
Between rate of change and atmospheric temperature over time rate whether be respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature whether be more than 0, if earth's surface resistance
In default threshold range and within the presetting time period, rate and atmospheric temperature be in time over time for pavement temperature
Rate of change be respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature when being more than 0, according to the absolute value of difference of pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature, current
The pavement temperature of moment, pavement temperature rate and current time over time calculates the future time instance forming black ice.
If black ice prior-warning device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described controller be used for pavement temperature with big
When the absolute value of the difference of temperature degree is less than or equal to default threshold value, according to formulaCalculate
Form the moment of black ice, wherein t0For forming the future time instance of black ice, tiFor current moment, TRiCorresponding for the current moment
Pavement temperature, uRiFor pavement temperature rate over time.
If black ice prior-warning device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described controller be used for pavement temperature with big
When the absolute value of the difference of temperature degree is more than default threshold value, according to formula t0=2tmax-tminCalculate the future forming black ice
Moment, wherein t0For forming the future time instance of black ice, tiFor current moment, tminFor tiBefore moment and from tiMoment is nearest
Pavement temperature is 0 moment, tmaxFor tminTo tiThe corresponding moment when pavement temperature of time period is maximum.
4. black ice prior-warning device according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described controller is additionally operable to what foundation detected
The pavement temperature in multiple moment in the presetting time period and least square method calculate pavement temperature rate over time；
And calculate atmospheric temperature according to the atmospheric temperature in multiple moment in the presetting time period detecting and least square method
Rate over time.
5. black ice prior-warning device according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described black ice prior-warning device also includes：
Positional information acquisition module, is electrically connected with described controller, believes for gathering the current position of described black ice prior-warning device
Breath；
Communication interface, electrically connected with described controller, and described controller is additionally operable to collect positional information and calculate
The future time instance forming black ice is sent to an intelligent terminal by described communication interface.
6. a kind of black ice method for early warning is it is characterised in that described black ice method for early warning includes：
Detect the atmospheric temperature of the earth's surface resistance, pavement temperature and road surface to be measured overlying regions in road surface to be measured region；
In default threshold range, within the presetting time period, pavement temperature is in time to judge described earth's surface resistance
Rate of change and atmospheric temperature over time rate whether be respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature whether be more than 0；
If earth's surface resistance in default threshold range and within the presetting time period pavement temperature over time rate and
Rate is respectively less than 0 and pavement temperature when being more than 0, according to the difference of pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature to atmospheric temperature over time
Absolute value, current time, the pavement temperature of pavement temperature rate and current time over time calculate formation black ice
Future time instance.
7. black ice method for early warning according to claim 6 it is characterised in that described according to pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature
The pavement temperature of rate and current time calculates and is formed over time for the absolute value of difference, current time, pavement temperature
The step of the future time instance of black ice includes：
According to formulaCalculate the moment forming black ice, wherein t0For formed black ice following when
Carve, tiFor current moment, TRiFor current moment corresponding pavement temperature, uRiFor pavement temperature rate over time.
8. black ice method for early warning according to claim 6 it is characterised in that described according to pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature
The pavement temperature of rate and current time calculates and is formed over time for the absolute value of difference, current time, pavement temperature
The step of the future time instance of black ice includes：
According to formula t0=2tmax-tminCalculate the future time instance forming black ice, wherein t0For forming the future time instance of black ice, ti
For current moment, tminFor tiBefore moment and from tiMoment nearest pavement temperature is 0 moment, tmaxFor tminTo tiTime
The corresponding moment when pavement temperature of section is maximum.
9. whether black ice method for early warning according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that judge described earth's surface resistance default
Pavement temperature rate and atmospheric temperature rate over time over time in threshold range and within the presetting time period
Before whether being respectively less than 0 step, described black ice method for early warning also includes：
Calculate road surface temperature according to the pavement temperature in multiple moment in the presetting time period detecting and least square method
Degree rate over time；And according to the atmospheric temperature in multiple moment in the presetting time period detecting and least square
Method calculates atmospheric temperature rate over time.
10. black ice method for early warning according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that the earth's surface in described detection road surface to be measured region
The step of the atmospheric temperature of resistance, pavement temperature and road surface to be measured overlying regions includes：Detect the earth's surface in road surface to be measured region
Resistance, pavement temperature, the atmospheric temperature of road surface to be measured overlying regions and the current positional information of collection；
In the absolute value of the described difference according to pavement temperature and atmospheric temperature, current time, pavement temperature over time
After the pavement temperature of rate and current time calculates the step of future time instance forming black ice, described black ice method for early warning is also
Including：The future time instance collecting positional information and the formation black ice calculating is sent to an intelligent terminal.
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