CN106330382B - Safe transmission method based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in wireless network - Google Patents
Safe transmission method based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in wireless network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K1/00—Secret communication
- H04K1/02—Secret communication by adding a second signal to make the desired signal unintelligible
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
- H04B17/3911—Fading models or fading generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/80—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function
- H04K3/82—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function related to preventing surveillance, interception or detection
- H04K3/825—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function related to preventing surveillance, interception or detection by jamming
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the safe transmission method based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in wireless network, transmitting node first utilizes man made noise of the generation such as channel information of multipath fading frequency selective characteristic channel based on channel condition information；Transmitting node carries out increasing sampling to secret signal vector waiting for transmission, and injects man made noise's formation mixing transmission signal of generation；Purpose receiving node is completed to mixing the reception of transmission signal, and is carried out matched filtering and subtracted sampling processing, exports secret signal；Above step is repeated, the safe transmission based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in wireless network is completed.Man made noise of the present invention is what the channel information based on main channel was generated, after main channel transmission and matched filtering processing 0 is being output as in sampling judgement output time, and the transmitting and being exported as 0 at the sampling judgement moment after same matched filtering processing by tapping channel at eavesdropping node, deteriorate listener-in's channel, it is ensured that safe transmission.
Description
【Technical field】
Multipath fading frequency is based on the present invention relates to the safe transmission field in wireless network, more particularly in wireless network
Select the safe transmission method of characteristic.
【Background technology】
The characteristics of due to wireless channel fragility, secure wireless communication turns into a hot research problem.In the past ten
Nian Li, the safety of physical layer based on information theory concept and signal transacting has attracted the huge interest of people.The safety biography of physical layer
Transmission method is a key character of radio communication because safe transmission method of physical layer application be information theory security reason
By rather than by higher encryption method.Higher-layer encryption method is largely dependent upon calculates intensity on mathematical problem
Hypothesis.However, the lifting of the opening and computing capability of wireless medium causes radio communication to seem more crisp in face of eavesdropping
It is weak.
Shannon proposes the concept of perfect confidentiality in the literature, and a perfect password only works as password and pure text
This information could realize perfect confidentiality when equally long.Therefore based on such it is assumed that all use cryptogram form
Cipher mode can be cracked in theory.
Wayner proposes the concept of tapping channel, realizes almost ideal confidentiality.Main channel (believe by legitimate receiver
Road) assume it is discrete memoryless channel(DMC), and tapping channel (listener-in's channel) hypothesis is the degeneration version of main channel.Later is carried
If it is all additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN) to go out main channel and tapping channel, secrecy capacity is exactly legitimate channel and eavesdropping
Difference of the channel in channel capacity.So far, safety of physical layer problem is studied on a large scale, to improve the guarantor of wireless medium
Close capacity.Including：Secure communication under Gaussian broadcast channel, SISO fading channel secure communications.The parity check code of low-density
The problem of being proposed for tapping channel in the literature.However, most of in these schemes be all based on some unpractical vacations
If：For example listener-in's channel ratio legitimate channel is further worsened, or listener-in does not know main channel.Negi and Goel in the literature
Proposing man made noise is used for the concept of mimo system.The target of man made noise's householder method is ensured by producing interference signal
Secure communication, the interference signal can degenerate listener-in's channel and expected recipient's channel is had little to no effect.
Man made noise's householder method has obtained substantial amounts of concern for MIMO/MISO systems, because not having in this method
Make any unrealistic assumption.The part that emitter is distributed in the power transmitted for signal is used to produce interference signal,
The interference signal can degenerate listener-in's channel.
However, in reality there is the substantial amounts of simple network node for not possessing multiple antennas or configuring complex protocol in people, such as
What realizes the safe transmission between these single antenna network nodes, is a urgent problem to be solved.By man made noise's householder method
Inspiration, Yang and Jiao improve the SISO systems that man made noise's householder method is used under multidiameter fading channel.They propose
If bolter knows the channel condition information CSI of legitimate receiver, bolter can reduce legitimate receiver with regard to that can produce one
Locate the signal of intersymbol interference (ISI), and the signal is presented at listener-in in the form of random noise.If however, eavesdropping
Person is it is also known that the CSI of main channel, the program is just no longer valid.
【The content of the invention】
It is an object of the invention to overcome defect present in prior art, there is provided multipath fading frequency is based in wireless network
Rate selects the safe transmission method of characteristic, and for single-input single-output (SISO) Radio Network System, the inventive method is to be based on
Multipath fading frequency selective characteristic, confidentiality independently of the confidentiality of channel condition information (CSI) safe transmission method, with
Single-input single-output (SISO) Radio Network System can not be directly applied for by solving existing radio physical layer secure transmission technique, or
Person realize confidentiality can not independently of the status information (CSI) of channel confidentiality the problem of.
To achieve the above objectives, the present invention, which is adopted the following technical scheme that, is achieved：Comprise the following steps：
Step 1, transmitting node calculates its multipath fading frequency selective characteristic channel between purpose receiving node
Channel information hAB, and the sequence information q of the matched filter of discrete time K tap numbers at purpose receiving node is obtained, and
Sampling judgement makes policy information：The sampling number R of each information-carrying symbolss, and utilize hAB, q and RsGeneration is based on channel status
The man made noise w of information；
Step 2, transmitting node carries out increasing sampling to frame secret signal vector waiting for transmission, obtains increasing sampled signal s,
Increase the man made noise w formation mixing transmission signals x that implantation step 1 is generated in sampled signal；
Step 3, purpose receiving node is completed to mixing the reception of transmission signal, and carries out matched filtering processing, is filtered
Ripple signal zAB；
Step 4, purpose receiving node is to filtering signal zABProgress subtracts sampling processing, exports secret signal；
Step 5：Repeat step 1 completes the safety biography based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in wireless network to step 4
It is defeated.
Further, transmitting node and purpose receiving node are single antenna node.
Further, in step 1, the channel information h of multipath fading frequency selective characteristic channelAB=[h0,h1,…,hL],
Its matrix form is HAB；Sequence information q=[q0,q1,…,qK]T, its matrix form is Q；RsMatrix form be S；Wherein：
Wherein, L represents the multipath number of multipath fading frequency selective characteristic channel；K represents discrete time matched filter
Tap number；Matrix S m × Rs+ 1 row diagonal entry is 1, remaining element be all 0, m=0,1 ..., M, M to be waiting for transmission
The number of information-carrying symbols in secret signal vector.
Further, man made noise w generation is specifically included in step 1：Utilize hAB, q and RsBuild channel information matrix
ΓAB=SQHAB, and design that safe transmission used be located at channel information matrix ΓABMan made noise's vector w=of kernel
Zu, wherein Z are channel information matrix ΓABKernel orthonormal basis, u be independent identically distributed multiple Gauss stochastic variable arrow
Amount, the average of each multiple Gauss variable element of vector is 0, and variance is
Further, step 2 is specifically included：The secret signal that transmitting node is made up of a frame M information-carrying symbols
VectorIncrease sampling, obtain the increasing sampled signal s=[s of N-dimensional1,s2,…,sN]T, wherein there is N=MRs, Rs
For the sampling number of every symbol, and inject the N-dimensional man made noise vector w=[w that w=Zu is generated in step 11,w2,…,wN]T,
Generation mixing transmission signal x=s+w.
Further, the mixing transmission signal that purpose receiving node is received in step 3 is yAB=hAB*x+vB, wherein vB
For the additive white Gaussian noise at purpose receiving node；The filtering signal z of matched filtering processing postfilter outputAB=q*yAB。
Further, step 4 is specifically included, and purpose receiving node is to filtering signal zABProgress subtracts sampling, and sampling judgement is defeated
Go out forWherein ΓABIt is to utilize hAB, q and RsThe channel information matrix of structure,It is that single antenna purpose is received
This white noise component of the band limit for height of node sample output end.
Compared with having safety of physical layer transmission plan in the prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1st, the present invention is on safe transmission conceptual design, it is considered to and the frequency selective characteristic declined using radio channel multi-path
A kind of man made noise that the sampling judgement moment is 0 at purpose receiving node of information design, and the man made noise of generation is scrambled
To secret signal waiting for transmission to form noise signal；Purpose receiving node completes the reception to transmission signal, and believes receiving
Number carry out matched filtering, subtract sampling judgement, finally export prosthetic influence of noise secret signal；Because man made noise is to be based on
The channel information generation of main channel, in sampling judgement output time output after being handled by main channel transmission and matched filtering
For 0, and in sampling judgement moment output after the transmission and same matched filtering processing of tapping channel at the eavesdropping node
It is not 0, deteriorates listener-in's channel, it is ensured that safe transmission；
2nd, on applicable situation, it is adaptable to which what is largely existed in reality does not configure multiple antennas or complex protocol simple nothing
Line network node constitutes single-input single-output (SISO) communication system, and the hardware required by wireless security transmission plan of the present invention is set
It is standby simple；
3rd, in the guarantee of security information safe transmission, the present invention is merely with having arrived transmitting node between purpose receiving node
Channel condition information (CSI), without carrying out the collaboration of complexity, feedback or the operation, the resource of system such as shared between the two parties
Consumption is low, and efficiency of transmission is high；
4th, in the independence of safe transmission confidentiality, although the present invention make use of transmitting node to the letter between destination node
Channel state information (CSI), but the confidentiality of safety approach is independently of channel condition information (CSI) confidentiality, it is effective to increase
The strong security of the safe transmission scheme.
【Brief description of the drawings】
Fig. 1 (a) is Transmission system model of the invention.Figure interior joint Alice is single-antenna transmission node, and node Bob is
Single antenna purpose receiving node, node Eve is single antenna passive wiretapping node.
Fig. 1 (b) is the flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the receiving node under different artifact powers and the bit error rate comparison diagram of eavesdropping node.
Fig. 3 is the different multipath number (L) of wireless channel, bit error rate comparison diagram of the lower receiving node in L >=2 with eavesdropping node.
Fig. 4 is the single antenna purpose receiving node and eavesdropping node under different increasing sampling rates (hits/every symbol)
Bit error rate comparison diagram.
【Embodiment】
Below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention is the safe transmission method based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in wireless network, including following step
Suddenly:
First, single-antenna transmission node estimates the frequency of its wireless channel between legal single antenna purpose receiving node
Characteristic information is selected, and utilizes man made noise of these channel informations design generation based on channel condition information；
Then, single-antenna transmission node increases sampling to the progress of frame secret signal vector waiting for transmission and obtains and inject above-mentioned
The man made noise of generation forms mixing transmission signal；
Secondly, single antenna purpose receiving node completes the reception to mixing transmission signal；
Finally, single antenna purpose receiving node carries out matched filtering to the mixed signal of reception, subtracts the processing such as sampling, is adopting
Sample output end exports accurate secret signal.
Single antenna purpose receiving node Bob and eavesdropping node Eve below to the present invention receives transmitting node Alice respectively
The signal sent is illustrated, and referring to Transmission system model shown in Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b), specific steps include：
Step 1, before Secret Information Transmission unlatching, single-antenna transmission node Alice passes through error-free channel first
Feedback information calculates it to the channel letter of the multipath fading frequency selective characteristic channel between single antenna purpose receiving node Bob
Cease hAB=[h0,h1,…,hL], its matrix form HAB,L represents that multipath declines
Fall the multipath number of frequency selective characteristic channel；Obtain the matching of the discrete time K tap numbers at single antenna purpose receiving node Bob
Sequence information q=[the q of wave filter0,q1,…,qK]T, its matrix form Q,K
Represent the tap number of discrete time matched filter；And sampling judgement makes policy information：The sampled point of each information-carrying symbols
Number Rs, its matrix form S,Matrix S m × Rs+ 1 row diagonal entry is 1,
The number that remaining element is all 0, m=0,1 ..., M, M are information-carrying symbols in secret signal vector waiting for transmission；Utilize this
A little channel informations build channel information matrix ΓAB=SQHAB, and design that safe transmission used be located at channel information matrix
ΓABMan made noise the vector w=Zu, wherein Z of kernel are channel information matrix ΓABKernel orthonormal basis, u is
Independent identically distributed multiple Gauss stochastic variable vector, the average of each multiple Gauss variable element of vector is 0, and variance is
So as to there is ΓABW=0；The Γ in the transmission of each frame informationABWith channel fading information HABChange, the man made noise w of generation also phase
It should change；
Step 2, primary signal is modulated into after the secret signal vector being made up of M information-carrying symbols, single antenna hair
Node Alice is penetrated in pulse shaping filter output end by the brewed secret signal vector of a frameIncrease
It is sampled as N-dimensional dope vector s=[s1,s2,…,sN]T, wherein there is N=MRs, RsFor the sampling number of each information-carrying symbols,
The N-dimensional man made noise vector w=[w that w=Zu is generated in step 1 are injected afterwards1,w2,…,wN]T, generate for the mixed of transmission
Transmission signal vector x=s+w is closed, and performs the preparation before signal transmitting；
Step 3, single antenna purpose receiving node Bob and eavesdropping node Eve are respectively completed what transmitting node Alice was sent
Mix the reception of transmission signal：The signal that single antenna purpose receiving node Bob is received is yAB=hAB*x+vB, write as convolution shape
Formula is：Receive mixed signal each single item beCorresponding matrix form is yAB=
HABx+vB, wherein hAB(matrix form HAB) believe for the channel of the multipath fading frequency selective characteristic channel between Alice to Bob
Breath, vBFor the additive white Gaussian noise at receiving point Bob；Accordingly, the signal received at eavesdropping node Eve is yAE=hAE*x
+vE, being write as convolution form is：Receive mixed signal each single item beCorresponding square
Formation formula is yAE=HAEx+vE, wherein hAE(matrix form HAE) believe for the multipath fading frequency selective characteristic between Alice to Eve
The channel information in road, vEFor the additive white Gaussian noise at eavesdropping point Eve；
Step 4, single antenna purpose receiving node Bob and eavesdropping node Eve do matched filtering to the signal received respectively
Processing, wave filter is output as z=q*y, and single antenna purpose receiving node and eavesdropping node are respectively zAB=q*yAB,zAE=q*yAE,
Convolution form is respectivelyMatrix form is accordingly
zAB=Q [HABx+vB], zAE=Q [HAEx+vE], wherein q=[q0,q1,…,qk]T(matrix form Q) represents a discrete time K
The sequence information of the matched filter of tap number, it is assumed that legal single antenna purpose receiving node Bob and eavesdropping node Eve is adopted
Use identical matched filter；
Step 5, single antenna purpose receiving node Bob and eavesdropping node Eve respectively matched filter output end to
Output result with wave filter is carried out subtracting sampling, and sampling judgement is output asSingle antenna purpose
Receiving node and eavesdropping node are respectively
Corresponding matrix form：
Wherein z [i] is i-th of symbol of the wave filter output vector z in step 4, and δ is unit impulse function, [i-mRs]
For δ variable；Parameter RsIt is identical with each information-carrying symbols sampling number in step 2, zs[i] is sampling output result arrow
Measure zsI-th of symbol；That is zAB[i] is filtering signal zABI-th of symbol, zs,B[i] is sampling judgement output result zs,B's
I-th of symbol.It is this white noise component of the band limit for height of single antenna purpose receiving node sampled output,It is that eavesdropping node is adopted
This white noise component of the band limit for height of sample output end；Receiver is after sampling judgement to output signalComplete equal
Weighing apparatus, demodulation etc. processing, and carry out Maximum Likelihood Detection judgement obtain secret signalSo far, a frame is completed
The transmission of security information；
Step 6, when proceeding to the transmission stage of next frame secret signal, system repeat the above steps automatically 1 arrive step 5
In safe transmission step.
In above-mentioned steps 5, the signal of detection judgement input is at legal single antenna purpose receiving node Bob, can be from z using methods such as Maximum Likelihood Detectionss,bIn estimate secret signal exactlyAnd on the other hand, due to transmitting node Alice to eavesdropping node Eve channel information matrix HAEWith
Minor channel information matrix HABDifference, cause ΓAEW ≠ 0, is rendered as interference noise form, so as to move back in eavesdropping node receiving terminal
Tapping channel is changed, listener-in can not be correctly estimated security informationCause the significantly increasing of the bit error rate
Plus.
By taking the wireless communication system of 16-QAM modulation systems as an example, Fig. 2,3,4 respectively describe legal under different scenes connect
The bit error rate (BER) comparison diagram of receipts person and listener-in, quantitatively illustrate present invention single-input single-output in wireless network is ensured
(SISO) system carries out effect of safe transmission.
Fig. 2 be different artifact powers under legitimate receiver and listener-in the bit error rate (BER) curve comparison figure.Examine
Consider Power Control of the emitter in actual scene, artifact power is from 0.1 × EsChange to Es, i.e., 0.1 times modulated signal
Power is to 1 times of modulated signal power.It can be seen that the listener-in Eve bit error rate is intended to increase with the power increase of man made noise
Plus, and the legitimate receiver Bob bit error rate is not influenceed by artifact power and keeps constant.These bit error rate results be
Bob and Eve is obtained under the conditions of being in a certain identical average signal-to-noise ratio (signal power/white Gaussian noise), be respectively 18dB,
22dB and 26dB.
Fig. 3 is legitimate receiver and the ber curve comparison diagram of listener-in under different multipath numbers (L).It can be seen that being recognized
To be that the multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in source of disaster of communication system can be used as radio communication and provide security.Solid line
It is legitimate receiver Bob ber curve, dotted line is listener-in Eve ber curve.Bit error rate result be in Bob and
What Eve was obtained under the conditions of same average signal-to-noise ratio, it is 26dB, the work(of man made noise that average signal, which is made an uproar than selection, in this example
Rate is equally from 0.1 × EsChange to Es。
Fig. 4 is the mistake of legitimate receiver and listener-in under the different hits of every symbol at transmitting terminal pulse shaping filter
Rate curve comparison diagram.It can be seen that the listener-in Eve bit error rate rises with the increase of hits/every symbol, and it is legal
The bit error rate for receiving Bob keeps constant.However, there is one to trade off between system secrecy performance and complexity.System security
The hits of every symbol can be all relied on system complexity, therefore needs to select an optimal equalization point therebetween.
The result of the bit error rate is obtained under the conditions of Bob and Eve is in same signal to noise ratio in figure, and average signal, which is made an uproar than selection, in this example is
26dB, while that artifact power's selection is 0.5 × Es。
The present invention is directed to single-input single-output (SISO) Radio Network System, proposes a kind of based on the selection of multipath fading frequency
Characteristic, confidentiality independently of the confidentiality of channel condition information (CSI) safe transmission method, to solve existing radio physical
Layer secure transmission technique can not be directly applied for single-input single-output (SISO) Radio Network System, or the confidentiality realized without
Method independently of the status information (CSI) of channel confidentiality the problem of.
Single-antenna transmission node utilizes the multipath fading frequency selective characteristic information of main channel in the present invention, and design one kind exists
The man made noise that the sampling judgement moment is 0 at legal single antenna purpose receiving node, and by the man made noise of generation scrambling to treating
The secret signal of transmission is to form noise signal；Single antenna purpose receiving node completes the reception to transmission signal, and will receive
Signal carries out matched filtering, subtracts sampling judgement, finally exports the secret signal of prosthetic influence of noise.Because man made noise is base
Generated in the channel information of main channel, defeated in sampling judgement output time after main channel transmission and matched filtering processing
Go out for 0.And it is defeated at the sampling judgement moment after the transmission and same matched filtering of tapping channel are handled at eavesdropping node
It not is 0 to go out, and deteriorates listener-in's channel.So as to the single-input single-output (SISO) under final effective guarantee multidiameter fading channel
The safe transmission of system.
Claims (3)
1. the safe transmission method based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in a kind of wireless network, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step：
Step 1, transmitting node calculates the channel of its multipath fading frequency selective characteristic channel between purpose receiving node
Information hAB, and obtain the sequence information q of the matched filter of discrete time K tap numbers at purpose receiving node, and sampling
Judgement makes policy information：The sampling number R of each information-carrying symbolss, and utilize hAB, q and RsGeneration is based on channel condition information
Man made noise w；
Step 2, transmitting node carries out increasing sampling to frame secret signal vector waiting for transmission, obtains increasing sampled signal s, is adopted in increasing
The man made noise w formation mixing transmission signals x that implantation step 1 is generated in sample signal；
Step 3, purpose receiving node is completed to mixing the reception of transmission signal, and carries out matched filtering processing, obtains filtering letter
Number zAB；
Step 4, purpose receiving node is to filtering signal zABProgress subtracts sampling processing, exports secret signal；
Step 5：Repeat step 1 completes the safe transmission based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in wireless network to step 4；
In step 1, the channel information h of multipath fading frequency selective characteristic channelAB=[h0,h1,…,hL], its matrix form is
HAB；Sequence information q=[q0,q1,…,qK]T, its matrix form is Q；RsMatrix form be S；Wherein：
Wherein, L represents the multipath number of multipath fading frequency selective characteristic channel；K represents the tap of discrete time matched filter
Number；Matrix S m × Rs+ 1 row diagonal entry is 1, and remaining element is all 0, m=0,1 ..., M, M are secrecy waiting for transmission
The number of information-carrying symbols in signal phasor；
Man made noise w generation is specifically included in step 1：Utilize hAB, q and RsBuild channel information matrix ΓAB=SQHAB, and set
That counts out that safe transmission used is located at channel information matrix ΓABMan made noise the vector w=Zu, wherein Z of kernel are channel
Information matrix ΓABKernel orthonormal basis, u be independent identically distributed multiple Gauss stochastic variable vector, vector it is each
The average of individual multiple Gauss variable element is 0, and variance is σu 2；
Step 2 is specifically included：The secret signal vector that transmitting node is made up of a frame M information-carrying symbolsIncrease sampling, obtain the increasing sampled signal s=[s of N-dimensional1,s2,…,sN]T, wherein there is N=MRs, RsTo be every
The sampling number of symbol, and inject the N-dimensional man made noise vector w=[w that w=Zu is generated in step 11,w2,…,wN]T, generation
Mix transmission signal x=s+w；
Step 4 is specifically included, and purpose receiving node is to filtering signal zABProgress subtracts sampling, and sampling judgement is output asWherein ΓABIt is to utilize hAB, q and RsThe channel information matrix of structure,It is single antenna purpose receiving node
This white noise component of the band limit for height of sampled output.
2. the safe transmission side based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in a kind of wireless network according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that transmitting node and purpose receiving node are single antenna node.
3. the safe transmission side based on multipath fading frequency selective characteristic in a kind of wireless network according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that the mixing transmission signal that purpose receiving node is received in step 3 is yAB=hAB*x+vB, wherein vBFor mesh
Receiving node at additive white Gaussian noise；The filtering signal z of matched filtering processing postfilter outputAB=q*yAB。
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