CN106329297A - 一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源 - Google Patents

一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源 Download PDF

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CN106329297A
CN106329297A CN201610917884.6A CN201610917884A CN106329297A CN 106329297 A CN106329297 A CN 106329297A CN 201610917884 A CN201610917884 A CN 201610917884A CN 106329297 A CN106329297 A CN 106329297A
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wavelength
laser
optical
fiber
light source
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徐善辉
杨中民
张宇宁
冯洲明
杨昌盛
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Priority to CN201610917884.6A priority Critical patent/CN106329297A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/110654 priority patent/WO2018072295A1/zh
Priority to US16/343,412 priority patent/US10693274B2/en
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种激光雷达系统用的多波长单频光纤激光光源，包括由高反射率啁啾光纤光栅、高增益光纤、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅组成的谐振腔，作为泵浦光源的单模半导体泵浦激光器，光波分复用器，光耦合器，光环形器，标准具滤波器组件；泵浦光源对高增益光纤进行纤芯泵浦。从光波分复用器输出的宽光谱激光经过光耦合器分光后一部分通过光环形器进入光滤波器组件，通过标准具滤出的特定中心频率对应的波长，该激光再通过光环形器和光耦合器返回注入谐振腔里面，对谐振腔进行自注入锁定，结合短线性谐振腔结构及其滤波器组实现窄线宽、单纵模多波长模式的激光激射，最终实现稳定多波长输出、符合激光雷达规定的多波长单频激光输出。

Description

一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源
技术领域
本发明涉及到激光雷达、光纤传感、相干光谱合束等领域特别是可用于激光雷达系统所应用的光纤激光技术，具体涉及一种输出多波长窄线宽的单频光纤激光光源。
背景技术
激光雷达系统包括一个单束窄带激光器和一个接收系统。激光器产生并发射一束光脉冲，打在物体上并反射回来，最终被接收器所接收。接收器准确地测量光脉冲从发射到被反射回的传播时间。因为光脉冲以光速传播，所以接收器总会在下一个脉冲发出之前收到前一个被反射回的脉冲。鉴于光速是已知的，传播时间即可被转换为对距离的测量。结合激光器的高度，激光扫描角度，从GPS得到的激光器的位置和从INS得到的激光发射方向，就可以准确地计算出每一个地面光斑的坐标X，Y，Z。激光束发射的频率可以从每秒几个脉冲到每秒几万个脉冲。举例而言，一个频率为每秒一万次脉冲的系统，接收器将会在一分钟内记录六十万个点。一般而言，激光雷达系统的地面光斑间距在2-4m不等。
当前激光雷达系统主要以单束窄带激光器为发射器，其探测范围小且速度慢。多束窄带激光器能够扩大激光雷达的探测范围，极大的缩短扫描速度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术上述中的不足，公开了一种可用于激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源，通过自注入锁定结构结合短线型谐振腔和光滤波器组一起实现了全光纤结构的多波长单频光纤激光光源。
本发明的目的至少通过如下技术方案之一实现。
一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源，包括一个高反射率啁啾光纤光栅、高增益光纤、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅、光波分复用器、单模半导体泵浦激光器、光耦合器、光隔离器、光环形器、光滤波器组件、半导体光放大器。各部件之间的结构关系是：高增益光纤作为结构紧凑的激光谐振腔的增益介质，低反射率啁啾光纤光栅和高反射率啁啾光纤光栅组成激光谐振腔的前后腔镜，实现激光在腔内的振荡。高反射率啁啾光纤光栅、高增益光纤、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅组成了激光器的谐振腔，谐振腔输出的激光经过光耦合器后一部分光通过光环形器进入光滤波器组件中，通过具有一定自由谱宽的光滤波器组件进行多个中心频率对应的波长进行选择后，再经由光环形器和光耦合器注入回到激光谐振腔中，结合紧凑的短线型腔的结构，经过注入锁定后的谐振腔激射出多个中心频率对应波长的单频光纤激光。单频激光信号经由光波分复用器的信号端进入光耦合器，然后从光隔离器的输出端输出。输出的激光信号经由半导体光放大器进行噪声抑制以及光性能的优化。
进一步优化的，所述光滤波器组件是一种通过一定自由光谱范围和带宽去实现选择通过或者阻止光路系统中特定的波长的器件，在输出波长上包括但不限于两个或者几个特定光波长输出。
进一步优化的，所述光滤波器组件不限于F-P滤波器、光纤光栅滤波器和其他类型滤波器等。
进一步优化的，所述光纤激光器是紧凑的短直腔结构，其前腔镜是低反射率啁啾光纤光栅，后腔镜采用高反射率啁啾光纤光栅；所述反射率啁啾光纤光栅是对激励光信号低反，反射率为10%~90%，其3dB反射谱宽为1~40 nm。所述高反射率啁啾光纤光栅是对泵浦光高透，透射率大于90％，而对激励光信号高反，反射率大于95％，其3dB反射谱宽为1~40nm。
进一步优化的，所述高增益光纤的单位长度增益大于0.2 dB/cm，光纤长度为0.5～100 cm。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和技术效果：本发明可以将厘米量级的高增益光纤作为激光的增益介质，由低反射率啁啾光纤光栅和高反射率啁啾光纤光栅组成谐振腔结构的前后腔镜，在单模半导体激光泵浦源的连续激励下，纤芯中的高增益粒子发生反转，产生受激发射的激光信号，谐振腔输出的宽带激光信号经过光耦合器后一部分光通过光环形器进入光滤波器组件，经过光滤波器组件的纵模选择后得到几个中心频率对应波长的单一纵模激光信号，再经由光环形器和光耦合器注入回谐振腔中，经过自注入锁定后的短线型腔就可以激射出多个中心频率对应的波长的单频激光。
附图说明
图1 为实例中一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源的原理示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体例子对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述，需要说明的是本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围，以下若有未特别详细说明之过程或参数，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现的。
如图1，一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源，其包括一个高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1、高增益光纤2、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3、光波分复用器4、单模半导体泵浦激光器5、光耦合器6、光隔离器7、光环形器8、光滤波器组件9、半导体光放大器10。各部件之间的结构关系是：高增益光纤2作为结构紧凑的激光谐振腔的增益介质，低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3和高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1组成激光谐振腔的前后腔镜，实现激光在腔内的振荡。高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1、高增益光纤2、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3组成了激光器的谐振腔，谐振腔输出的激光经过光耦合器6后一部分光通过光环形器8进入光滤波器组件9中，通过具有一定自由谱宽的光滤波器组件9进行多个中心频率对应的波长进行选择后，再经由光环形器8和光耦合器6注入回到激光谐振腔中，结合紧凑的短线型腔的结构，经过自注入锁定后的谐振腔激射出多个中心频率对应的波长的单频光纤激光。单频激光信号经由光波分复用器4的信号端进入光耦合器6，然后从光隔离器7的输出端输出。输出的信号光经由半导体光放大器10进行噪声抑制以及光性能优化。
实施例1
本例的高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1中心反射波长为激光输出波长1552.52 nm， 3dB反射谱宽为40 nm，本例中心波长反射率大于99.95％。低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3耦合输出光栅的中心反射波长为激光输出波长1552.52 nm，其3dB带宽为40 nm，中心波长反射率为10～95%，本例中心波长射率为60％。高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1和低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3成一个具有较宽的光谱范围选择及滤波作用的功能模块。其中，高反射率啁啾光纤光栅1和高增益光纤2用熔接或端面对接方式连接；高增益光纤2和低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3间采用光纤端面研磨抛光与腔镜紧密对接方式连接。光耦合器的分光比例为从1：99到50：50，本例使用的是10：90分光比例的光耦合器6。本例使用的光滤波器组件9为F-P腔标准具滤波器，其自由光谱范围达到8 nm，3dB带宽为0.02 nm，输出4个出现在啁啾光栅带宽内的对应波长。
本实例的泵浦方式采用后向泵浦，由单模半导体泵浦激光器5产生泵浦光经由光波分复用器4的泵浦端输入，经由低反射率啁啾光纤光栅3到高增益光纤2的纤芯中，进行纤芯泵浦。泵浦光不断抽运纤芯中的增益粒子，使其达到粒子数反转，受激发射产生激光信号。谐振腔输出的连续光信号经过10：90的光耦合器(6)后，90%的信号光通过光环形器8进入F-P标准具滤波器中，然后经过调节标准具滤波器选出低反啁啾光栅带宽内的多个单一纵模后得到多波长单频激光信号，再经由光环形器8和光耦合器(6)注入回谐振腔中，经过自注入锁定后的谐振腔产生波长为1536.51 nm、1544.64 nm、1552.52 nm、1560.36 nm的单频激光信号。激光信号经由光波分复用器4的信号端进入光耦合器(6)，10%的单频激光信号从光隔离器(7)的输出端输出，通过半导体光放大器10能够得到低噪声的四波长的单频激光输出。

Claims (7)

1.一种激光雷达系统用的多波长单频光纤激光光源，其特征在于包括一个高反射率啁啾光纤光栅(1)、高增益光纤(2)、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅(3)、光波分复用器(4)、单模半导体泵浦激光器(5)、光耦合器(6)、光隔离器(7)、光环形器（8）、光滤波器组件（9）和半导体光放大器（10）；低反射率啁啾光纤光栅(3)和高反射率啁啾光纤光栅(1)组成激光谐振腔的前后腔镜，实现激光在腔内的振荡；高增益光纤(2)作为激光谐振腔的增益介质；高反射率啁啾光纤光栅（1）、高增益光纤（2）、低反射率啁啾光纤光栅（3）组成了激光谐振腔；由单模半导体泵浦激光器（5）产生泵浦光经由光波分复用器（4）的泵浦端输入，经由低反射率啁啾光纤光栅（3）到高增益光纤（2）的纤芯中，进行纤芯泵浦；激光谐振腔输出的激光经过光耦合器（6）后一部分光通过光环形器（8）进入光滤波器组件（9）中，通过光滤波器组件（9）进行ITU-T 规定标称中心频率对应的波长进行选择后，再经由光环形器（8）和光耦合器(6)注入回到激光谐振腔中，结合短线型腔的结构，经过自注入锁定后的谐振腔激射出多个ITU-T规定标称中心频率对应的波长的单频光纤激光；单频光纤激光信号经由光波分复用器（4）的信号端进入光耦合器（6），光耦合器（6）输出的另一部分光再从光隔离器(7)的输出端输出，输出的多波长光通过半导体光放大器（10）进行噪声抑制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源，其特征在于：所述光滤波器组件（9）在结构上包括一个光滤波器或者多个光滤波器的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源，其特征在于：所述光滤波器组件（9）的自由光谱范围为0.5~500 nm，在输出波长上包括两个以上的波长。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源，其特征在于：所述光纤激光光源是短直腔结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源，其特征在于：所述低反射率啁啾光纤光栅（3）对激励光信号低反，反射率为10%~90%， 3dB反射谱宽为1~40 nm；所述高反射率啁啾光纤光栅（1）对泵浦光高透，透射率大于90％，而对激励光信号高反，反射率大于95％，3dB反射谱宽为1~40 nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源，其特征在于：所述高增益光纤（2）的单位长度增益大于0.2 dB/cm，光纤长度为0.5～100 cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种激光雷达系统用的多波长窄线宽单频光纤激光光源，其特征在于：所述光滤波器组件（9）为F-P滤波器或光纤光栅滤波器。
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