CN106323727B - Particle separation device and method based on liquid tension effect in micro-channel - Google Patents
Particle separation device and method based on liquid tension effect in micro-channel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a particle separation device and method based on a liquid pulling force effect in a microchannel. The device comprises a microfluidic chip, a control module and a microinjection pump. The microfluidic chip is sequentially provided with a microfluidic chip main body and a substrate from top to bottom, N separation channels which are sequentially connected end to end are concavely carved on the microfluidic chip main body, and liquid storage holes are respectively arranged at the junction of the separation channels and at the end to end; the control module is communicated with an electromagnetic micro valve arranged at a certain position behind the junction hole in the separation channel, and the opening and the disconnection of the separation channel are realized by adjusting the action of the electromagnetic micro valve; the micro injection pump is communicated with the liquid inlet of the first separation channel, and the flow rate of liquid is pushed by adjusting the speed of injected air. The device has low cost and simple structure, and can be used for rapidly carrying out on-line separation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of separation of solid particles with different sizes in liquid, in particular to a particle separation device and a particle separation method based on a liquid pulling force effect in a microchannel.
Background
The separation of particles with different sizes in the liquid is very important. Taking lubricating oils as an example, lubricating fluids are widely used in power machinery as industrial "blood", and in fact, lubricating fluids contain a large number of contaminants, with the hazard of solid contaminants being the most serious. The hardness of the solid particles is high, so that the abrasion of moving parts of mechanical equipment is easy to cause; meanwhile, the solid particles carry rich information of the working state of the friction pair of the power mechanical equipment, so that a powerful reference can be provided for evaluating the working state of the mechanical equipment and predicting the fault state of the mechanical equipment by distinguishing solid particles with different sizes. In order to ensure safe operation of mechanical equipment and reduce maintenance cost, real-time detection of the operation state becomes an indispensable link for detecting the state of the mechanical equipment, and detection of lubricating oil is a very important part of the detection.
The current common particle separation technologies with different sizes can be divided into the following categories according to the different working principles:
1) And (3) centrifuging: for centrifugal separation methods, all fluid systems must be in motion in order to achieve the desired separation effect. This requirement is not achievable in some cases and may also present additional difficulties in the operation of the detection and analysis system.
2) Kinetic method: for dynamic separation methods, the geometry of the fixed obstacle will determine the separation efficiency of the system. This would greatly limit the use of this approach for those cases where it is necessary to change the separation parameters.
3) Dielectrophoresis method: for dielectrophoresis separation methods, the system requires a chip of very complex construction and it is difficult to collect the separated particles.
4) Magnetic separation method: for magnetic separation methods, the particles must be ferromagnetic particles, which can place a significant limitation on the range of particles that can be separated.
5) Acoustic method: for acoustic separation methods, such methods are generally unsuitable for small particles, considering that the acoustic force is proportional to the cube of the particle radius.
The method has the defects of large energy supply requirement, large reagent consumption, long separation time, high separation cost and the like, has larger limitation, and can not completely meet the low-cost, rapid and simple detection requirements in the current particle separation field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the separation device for particles with different sizes in liquid, which has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, quick on-line separation and strong popularization in the field, thereby providing reference for liquid analysis and realizing on-line detection of the liquid.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a particle separation device based on liquid pulling force effect in microchannel, its includes micro-fluidic chip, control module and air injection component, its characterized in that:
the microfluidic chip comprises a microfluidic chip main body on which N separation channels which are connected end to end in sequence are concavely carved, and a substrate which is matched with the microfluidic chip main body to form a liquid flow channel, wherein N is larger than or equal to 2;
the starting end of the first separation channel is provided with a liquid inlet, the tail end of the nth separation channel is provided with a waste liquid hole, two separation channels connected end to end are connected through a junction hole, and a channel control element for controlling the on-off of the separation channel is arranged on the next separation channel corresponding to the junction hole;
the control module is respectively connected with each channel control element arranged on each separation channel so as to control the corresponding channel control element according to the need to realize the control process of on-off of each separation channel;
the air injection element is communicated with the liquid inlet hole so as to push air into the liquid inlet hole according to the set speed.
Further, as a preferred aspect of the present invention:
the air injection element adopts a microinjection pump.
Further, as a preferred aspect of the present invention:
the channel control element adopts an electromagnetic micro valve.
Further, as a preferred aspect of the present invention:
the separation channels are rectangular channels.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating particles based on the above-mentioned particle separating apparatus, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) Firstly, the control module is regulated to control each channel control element so that each channel control element is in a closed state;
2) Dropwise adding a certain amount of liquid sample into the liquid inlet hole to enable the liquid sample to flow into the whole first separation channel, and pushing air into the liquid inlet hole at a constant speed after particles in the liquid are precipitated on the bottom wall surface of the first separation channel until the liquid in the first separation channel is converged into the first junction hole;
3) The adjusting control module starts the first channel control element to enable the liquid sample in the first junction hole to flow into the second separation channel, and after particles in the liquid are deposited on the bottom wall surface of the second separation channel, the air injection speed is increased until the liquid in the second separation channel is converged into the second junction hole; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
4) And (3) sequentially starting the rest channel control elements until the liquid in the Nth separation channel is converged into the waste liquid hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The micro-fluidic chip is used as a platform for separating particles with different sizes in liquid, and related separation equipment is small in volume and light in weight; compared with large-scale precious particle separation equipment, the device has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, convenience in operation, portability and the like.
2) The separation principle and the separation technology adopted by the invention are simpler, the design of the microfluidic channel is simple and convenient, the realization is convenient, and the invention has strong practical operability.
3) The invention does not need to treat and mark the separation channel and the particles to be separated before separation, and has high separation efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a separation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a microfluidic chip according to the present invention;
fig. 3 and 4 are graphs showing experimental results of the examples.
In the figure: 1. the liquid inlet hole, 2, the first interface hole, 3, the second interface hole, 4, the waste liquid hole, 5, the first separation channel, 6, the second separation channel, 7, the third separation channel, 8, the first electromagnetic micro valve, 9, the second electromagnetic micro valve, 10, the microinjection pump, 11, the control module, 12, the microfluidic chip main body, 13, the base plate.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The liquid pulling effect refers to that the liquid can drive particles to act together when the liquid moves by virtue of the viscous action of the liquid on the particles. The liquid moves along the circulation direction under the pushing action of air, a layer of liquid film is left on the bottom wall surface of the channel along with the forward movement of the interface between the air and the liquid, particles with the size smaller than the thickness of the liquid film are left, and at the moment, the friction resistance of the bottom of the channel to the particles is larger than the pulling force of the liquid to the particles; the liquid tension force of the rest large particles is larger, and the particles with different sizes can be separated as the liquid continues to move forward. The particle sorting principle is realized by controlling the speed of the air pushing in to control the moving speed of the air-liquid interface, and the faster the air pushing speed is, the larger the thickness of the liquid film is left, and the larger the size of particles can be left inside the liquid film.
Based on the above design background, the invention designs a particle separation device and a method based on the liquid pulling force effect in a micro-channel, and the following technical scheme is further described by referring to the attached drawings and specific embodiments:
specific examples: as shown in fig. 1, a particle separation device based on a liquid pulling force effect in a microchannel includes: the micro-fluidic chip comprises a micro-fluidic chip main body 12 and a substrate 13 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; 3 separation channels which are connected end to end and used for separating particles with different sizes in liquid are concavely carved on the micro-fluidic chip main body 12; the three-dimensional oil liquid sample feeding device is characterized in that the three separation channels are rectangular channels, the three-dimensional oil liquid sample feeding device comprises a liquid inlet 1 which is arranged at the starting end of the first separation channel and used for feeding oil liquid samples, junction holes 2 and 3 which are arranged at the two-to-two junctions of the separation channels, and a waste liquid hole 4 which is arranged at the tail end of the third separation channel.
The first electromagnetic micro valve 8 and the second electromagnetic micro valve 9 are respectively positioned at a certain distance behind the junction hole 2 between the first separation channel 5 and the second separation channel 6 and a certain distance behind the junction hole 3 between the second separation channel 6 and the third separation channel 7; when the first separation channel 5 performs particle separation, the first electromagnetic micro valve 8 is closed; after the first separation channel 5 is subjected to particle separation, the first electromagnetic micro valve 8 is opened, and the second electromagnetic micro valve 9 is closed; after the second separation channel 6 is finished in particle separation, the second electromagnetic micro valve 9 is opened.
The control module 11 is connected with channel control elements, namely electromagnetic micro valves, arranged in each channel and used for controlling the opening and closing of the first electromagnetic micro valve 8 and the second electromagnetic micro valve 9 so as to realize the open circuit and the disconnection of a separation channel and prepare for separating particles in the residual liquid in the next stage;
the microinjection pump 10 is communicated with the liquid inlet hole of the first separation channel, air is pushed into the liquid inlet hole at a specific speed, so that the air pushes liquid in the channel to flow, a layer of liquid film is left in the area where the air pushes through along with the movement of an air-liquid interface, the speed of the movement of the air-liquid interface is controlled by controlling the speed of the air, the thickness of the liquid film attached to the bottom surface of the channel is controlled, particles with the size smaller than the thickness of the liquid film are left, and large-size particles move forwards along with the movement of the interface, so that the separation of particles with different sizes is realized.
The separation of solid particles of different sizes in the lubricating oil will be exemplified below,
the separation device of particles with different sizes in lubricating oil is shown in figure 1, and mainly comprises a micro-fluidic chip, an electromagnetic micro-valve and an externally added microinjection pump 10, and a control module 11. As shown in fig. 2, the microfluidic chip is composed of a microfluidic chip body 12 and a substrate 13, wherein the microfluidic chip body 12 is made of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) material, and the substrate 13 is made of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), i.e., plexiglass. The PDMS material and the PMMA material have good adhesiveness and good chemical inertness; as can be seen from fig. 2, the microfluidic chip body has 3 separation channels to complete the separation process of 3 particles with different sizes from the liquid; meanwhile, a liquid sample inlet hole 1, a first separation channel 5, a first junction hole 2, a first electromagnetic micro valve 8, a second separation channel 6, a second junction hole 3, a second electromagnetic micro valve 9, a third separation channel 7 and a waste liquid hole 4 are sequentially arranged on the micro-fluidic chip main body 12 according to the particle separation sequence; the corresponding experimental fruit diagrams are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The method for separating the particles based on the particle separating device comprises the following steps of
1) Firstly, according to the particle separation step, the control module 11 needs to be adjusted to control the opening and closing of each electromagnetic micro valve, namely, when the first separation channel 5 works, the first electromagnetic micro valve 8 is in a closed state while the second electromagnetic micro valve 9 is in a closed state, when the first separation channel 5 is separated, the first electromagnetic micro valve 8 is opened, while the second electromagnetic micro valve 9 is in a closed state, liquid flows to the second separation channel 6 to perform separation operation, and when the second separation channel 6 is completely operated, the second electromagnetic micro valve 9 is opened, and the liquid flows to the third separation channel 7 to perform separation operation.
2) And a proper amount of oil liquid sample is dripped into the liquid inlet hole 1 by using a liquid transfer device, the liquid sample can flow into the whole first separation channel 5, and particles in the liquid can be attached to the bottom wall surface of the channel. Secondly, regulating the microinjection pump 10 to ensure that the microinjection pump keeps constant speed to push air into the liquid inlet hole 1, at the moment, the air entering the first separation channel 5 can push the liquid to move forwards, a layer of liquid film is left on the bottom wall surface of the channel along with the forward movement of the interface between the air and the liquid, particles with the size smaller than the thickness of the liquid film are left, and large particles can move forwards along with the liquid, so that the separation of particles with different sizes can be realized; finally, the liquid in the first separation channel 5 is collected in the first interface hole 2, so that the first separation stage is finished and the separated particles are separated
Will remain in the first separation channel. And it should be noted that the faster the air-propelled speed, the greater the thickness of the liquid film left
The larger the size of the particles that can be left inside the liquid film, the larger.
3) At this time, the first electromagnetic micro valve 8 is controlled to act so that the liquid in the first interface hole 2 flows to the second branch
In the off-channel 6; the microinjection pump 10 is readjusted to increase the speed of the injected air, the principle of operation and the first
The separation channels 5 are identical such that the second separation channel 6 will receive particles that are larger than the first separation channel 5.
4) Similarly, the third separation channel 7 again gives particles that are larger than the second separation channel 6. Of course
It is also possible to design several separation channels more in order to achieve more different size particle separations.
It should be noted that when the liquid-to-particle tension is equal to or greater than the channel-to-particle friction force, the particles
Will flow forward with the liquid without stagnating on the wall.
The corresponding formula is:
F DR ≥μF AD
F DR is the liquid to particle tension, μ is the coefficient of friction, F AD Is the adhesive force between the bottom surface and the particles.
Wherein:
F DR ＝6πηυr
η is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid, v is the velocity of the liquid movement and r is the radius of the particle.
F AD ＝-F vdw -F BG
F vdw Is Van der Waals force, F BG Is the resultant of gravity and buoyancy.
A is the hamyc constant, a=0.4x10-21 j, a is the radius of the particle, d is the particle and the channel wall
Distance λ=1×10-7,s = 11.116.
ρ p Is the density of the particles ρ oil Is the density of the liquid, lambda is the London characteristic wavelength, s is the correction of the formula
Coefficients.
Thus, the air push speed cannot be too high, otherwise when the viscous drag of the liquid against the particles is greater than the particle-to-particle drag
Friction between the walls causes particles to flow with the liquid and thus does not separate well.
The particle separating device and the particle separating method provided by the embodiment of the invention are based on the microfluidic technology, the control technology and the principle of the tensile force effect between liquid and particles, and the technology and the principle are simpler, so that the separating device has the advantages of simple equipment, convenience in carrying, less reagent consumption, high detection efficiency and the like. It can be said that the present invention provides a new method for separating particles of different sizes in a liquid.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a particle separation device based on liquid pulling force effect in microchannel, its includes micro-fluidic chip, control module and air injection component, its characterized in that:
the microfluidic chip comprises a microfluidic chip main body on which N separation channels which are connected end to end in sequence and are used for separating particles with different sizes in liquid are concavely carved, and a substrate which is matched with the microfluidic chip main body to form a liquid flow channel, wherein N is not less than 2; the starting end of the first separation channel is provided with a liquid inlet, the tail end of the nth separation channel is provided with a waste liquid hole, two separation channels connected end to end are connected through a junction hole, and a channel control element for controlling the on-off of the separation channel is arranged on the next separation channel corresponding to the junction hole; the channel control element comprises a first electromagnetic micro valve and a second electromagnetic micro valve, wherein the first electromagnetic micro valve and the second electromagnetic micro valve are respectively positioned at a certain distance behind a junction hole between the first separation channel and the second separation channel and a certain distance behind a junction hole between the second separation channel and the third separation channel; when the first separation channel performs particle separation, the first electromagnetic micro valve is closed; after the first separation channel particles are separated, the first electromagnetic micro valve is opened, and the second electromagnetic micro valve is closed; after the second separation channel particles are separated, opening a second electromagnetic micro valve;
the control module is respectively connected with each channel control element, namely a first electromagnetic micro valve and a second electromagnetic micro valve, arranged on each separation channel so as to control the corresponding channel control element according to the need to realize the control process of opening and closing each separation channel, thereby realizing the open circuit and the open circuit of the separation channel and preparing for separating particles in the residual liquid in the next stage;
the air injection element is communicated with the liquid inlet hole, so that air is pushed into the liquid inlet hole according to the set speed, liquid in the air pushing channel flows, a layer of liquid film is left in the area where the air pushes along with the movement of the air and liquid interface, the speed of the movement of the air and liquid interface is controlled by controlling the speed of the air, the thickness of the liquid film attached to the bottom surface of the channel is controlled, particles with the size smaller than the thickness of the liquid film are left, and large-size particles move forwards along with the movement of the interface, so that the separation of particles with different sizes is realized.
2. The particle separation device of claim 1, wherein:
the air injection element adopts a microinjection pump.
3. The particle separation device of claim 1, wherein:
the separation channels are rectangular channels.
4. A method of particle separation by the particle separation device of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Firstly, the control module is regulated to control each channel control element so that each channel control element is in a closed state;
2) A certain amount of liquid sample is dripped into the liquid inlet hole, so that the liquid sample flows into the whole first separation channel, particles in the liquid are deposited on the bottom wall surface of the first separation channel, and then air is pushed into the liquid inlet hole at a constant speed until the liquid in the channel is converged into the first junction hole;
3) Starting a first channel control element to enable a liquid sample in the first interface hole to flow into the second separation channel, depositing particles in the liquid on the bottom wall surface of the second separation channel, and increasing the air injection speed until the liquid in the channel is converged into the second interface hole;
4) And (3) sequentially starting the rest channel control elements until the liquid in the Nth separation channel is converged into the waste liquid hole.
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