CN106291808B - A kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber - Google Patents
A kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN106291808B CN106291808B CN201610829302.9A CN201610829302A CN106291808B CN 106291808 B CN106291808 B CN 106291808B CN 201610829302 A CN201610829302 A CN 201610829302A CN 106291808 B CN106291808 B CN 106291808B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
- G02B6/0286—Combination of graded index in the central core segment and a graded index layer external to the central core segment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fibers, it include sandwich layer and covering, it is characterized in that the core radius r1 is 5~8 μm, the relative index of refraction Δ n1 of sandwich layer is 0~0.20%, inner cladding is successively coated outside sandwich layer from inside to outside, sink inner cladding and surrounding layer, the inner cladding diameter r2 is 8.5~12 μm, relative index of refraction Δ n2 is less than or equal to -0.20%, the sagging inner cladding diameter r3 is 12.5~30 μm, relative index of refraction Δ n3 is less than or equal to -0.40%, the surrounding layer is full fluorine doped silica glass layer, relative index of refraction Δ n4 is less than or equal to -0.20%.The present invention optimizes the matching of optical fiber various pieces viscosity and fiber stress, realizes the ultralow fade performance of single mode optical fiber by the rational design to core covering waveguiding structure and material component.And fluorine doped silica surrounding layer structure is used, change the material relaxation time of fiber optic materials various pieces, to change the virtual temperature of optical fiber, and simplifies fibre profile, realize the stability contorting of optical fiber parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical communication fields, and in particular to arrives a kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber and its system
Preparation Method.
Background technique
Optical fiber fabrication arts hot spot is to prepare the ultralow novel single mode optical fiber product of decaying at present, so reducing optical fiber attenuation
Coefficient, control manufacturing cost is all very big challenge for fiber manufacturing enterprise.Its main difficulty is following three
Point: first, how to reduce decaying: current main method is the rayleigh scattering coefficient for reducing optical fiber；Second, obtaining ultralow decline
While subtracting coefficient, need to guarantee that each optical parameter of optical fiber meets ITU-T standard, refer mainly to MFD, dispersion, cutoff wavelength and
Bending property controls within the scope of standard requirements: i.e. while guarantee optical fiber ultralow fade performance, other optical parameters are necessary
Control is in respective range；Third, optic fibre manufacture process is simply controllable, fiber manufacturing cost is not dramatically increased.
For three above difficulty, how we are first from reducing for the decaying of optical fiber.For silica fibre,
The decaying of 600nm-1600nm mostlys come from Rayleigh scattering, the attenuation alpha as caused by Rayleigh scatteringRIt can be calculated by following formula:
In formula, λ is wavelength (μm), and R is (dB/km/ μm of rayleigh scattering coefficient4)；P is light intensity；When rayleigh scattering coefficient is true
When recognizing, B is corresponding constant.Thus declining caused by it can be obtained as long as rayleigh scattering coefficient R has been determined because of Rayleigh scattering
Subtract αR(dB/km).On the one hand Rayleigh scattering is due to caused by density fluctuation, be on the other hand due to caused by fluctuation of concentration.
Thus rayleigh scattering coefficient R may be expressed as:
R=Rd+Rc
In above formula, RdAnd RcRespectively indicate the variation of the rayleigh scattering coefficient due to caused by density fluctuation and fluctuation of concentration.Its
Middle RcIt for the fluctuation of concentration factor, is mainly influenced by fiber glass part doping concentration, theoretically uses fewer Ge and F
Or other doping, RcSmaller, this is also the reason of current certain optical fiber are designed using pure silicon core, realize ultralow fade performance.
But we will be noted that in rayleigh scattering coefficient to further include another parameter Rd。RdWith the imagination temperature of glass
Spend TFCorrelation, and change with the structure change of glass and temperature change.The fictive temperature T of glassFIt is characterization glass structure one
A physical parameter is defined as no longer adjusting the structure that glass is quickly cooled to room temperature glass from certain temperature T ' and reaches certain balance
The corresponding temperature of state.Work as T ' > Tf (softening temperature of glass), since the viscosity of glass is smaller, glass structure is easy to adjust, because
And equilibrium state is in per glass in a flash, therefore TF=T '；Work as T ' < Tg(transition temperature of glass), due to glass viscosity compared with
Greatly, glass structure is difficult to adjust, and the structural adjustment of glass lags behind temperature change, therefore TF>T'；Work as Tg<T’<Tf(the softening of glass
Temperature), the time required for glass is intended to balance is more shorter, and it is specifically related with the component of glass and cooling velocity, therefore TF>
T ' or TF<T’。
Virtual temperature is other than the thermal history with fiber preparation has relationship, and the component of fiber glass material is to virtual temperature
Degree has obvious and direct influence.Specifically, viscosity of the material component to fiber glass material, thermal expansion coefficient is cooling
The influence in the relaxation time of process directly decides the virtual temperature of optical fiber.It should be noted that because ultralow attenuating fiber glass
Glass part is generally divided into several parts, such as typical sandwich layer, inner cladding and surrounding layer or more complicated structure.So to multiple
The compositional difference of material needs reasonably to be matched between part: first guarantees the optical waveguide of optical fiber, and second guarantees glass
Under wire drawing stress by wire drawing at optical fiber after, without apparent defect between each layer, cause optical fiber attenuation abnormal.
As described above, reducing fiber attenuation coefficient, there are three types of methods: the first is to try to subtract for optical fiber preparation process
The doping of few sandwich layer part, reduces the concentration factor of fiber Rayleigh scattering.Second is to reduce drawing speed, increases optical fiber annealing
Process guarantees that preform during wire drawing is at optical fiber, slowly reduces temperature, so that the virtual temperature of optical fiber is reduced,
Reduce decaying.But this method significantly improves fiber manufacturing cost, and slowly annealing process to the contribution of optical fiber attenuation also very
It is restricted in big degree by fiber glass material component and prefabricated rods preparation thermal history, so reducing decaying in this way
Effect is limited.The third is the material component matching for rationally designing inside of optical fibre, i.e., need to be to optical fiber but on the basis of few doping
The glass material of sandwich layer, inner cladding and other positions carries out reasonable proportion and not only guarantees in drawing process that optical fiber is each
Position has reasonable optical cross-sectional to match, and also to guarantee that there is reasonable viscosity in each position of optical fiber, thermally expands, Stress match.
When using the third method manufacturing ultralow attenuating fiber in the industry at present, a kind of main method is set using pure silicon core
Meter.The design of pure silicon core refers to the doping for not having to carry out germanium or fluorine in sandwich layer.As described above, can be effective without germanium Fluorin doped
The concentration factor for reducing optical fiber, advantageously reduces fiber Rayleigh coefficient.But use the design of pure silicon core also to the optics wave of optical fiber
It leads design and material profile design brings many challenges.It, must in order to guarantee the total reflection of optical fiber when being designed using pure silicon core
The F doping inner cladding of relatively lower refractive rate must be used to be matched, to guarantee to keep enough foldings between sandwich layer and inner cladding
Penetrate rate difference.But in this case, if the sandwich layer of pure silicon core does not carry out reasonable design of material, viscosity will relatively
Height, and the inner cladding segment viscosity of a large amount of F doping is lower simultaneously, causes the matching of optical fiber structure viscosity unbalance, to make pure silicon core
The optical fiber virtual temperature of structure increases sharply, and causes the R of optical fiberdIncrease.Thus not only balance out RcBring benefit is reduced,
It is more likely to cause optical fiber attenuation reversely abnormal.
From described above it will be appreciated why theoretically, cannot be surpassed using reduction sandwich layer doping merely
Lower attenuation coefficient.In order to solve this problem, using the side for adding alkali metal in the core in document US20100195966A1
Method, in the case where keeping fiber core layer pure silicon core, by the viscosity and core structure relaxation that change fiber core layer part
Time, to solve R caused by viscosity mismatchdIncrease, thus the whole rayleigh scattering coefficient for reducing optical fiber.Though but this kind of method
Optical fiber attenuation can so be effectively reduced, but opposite technique preparation is complicated, need it is point multiple batches of plug is handled, and to alkali
The control of metal-doped concentration requires high, is unfavorable for optical fiber large scale preparation.
Document CN201310394404 proposes a kind of design of ultralow attenuating fiber, and it uses the outsourcings of pure silicon dioxide
Layer design, but because it uses typical step cross-section structure, not using the curved of inner cladding design optimization optical fiber that sink
Song, and its sandwich layer does not use Ge to be doped, it is possible that occur viscosity mismatch when prefabricated rods being caused to prepare, it can be found that its
Decaying and bent horizontal, it is relatively poor.
Document CN201510359450.4 proposes the ultralow attenuating fiber section and design of material of a kind of non-pure silicon core.Its
It is co-doped with the Fluorin doped glass of matching inner cladding using a small amount of germanium fluorine of sandwich layer, optimizes the component design of material, to a certain extent
Reduce the rayleigh scattering coefficient of optical fiber；Using relatively low sagging inner cladding and auxiliary inner wrap material, optical fiber is realized
Single mode transport；Sandwich layer is utilized with the viscosity and thermal stress between optical fiber various pieces, the difference of the coefficient of expansion, realize compared with
Low density fluctuation reduces the defect between interface.It should be noted that containing a certain amount of in the outsourcing layer of the design
Metal ion reduce the refractive index of outsourcing layer to be integrally improved the viscosity of surrounding layer, this has to a certain extent
Help realize the matched design of viscosity of material and stress, but also increases the density fluctuation coefficient of optical fiber integral material.We infuse
The Reduction Level anticipated to the design is all larger than 0.162dB/km, concentration factor caused by the germanium if do not can solve sandwich layer is fluorin-doped
Increase and continue the viscosity of reduction sandwich layer；And surrounding layer viscosity higher is solved with the mismatch of auxiliary inner cladding viscosity, the program
It is difficult the decaying for continuing to reduce optical fiber.
Document CN104991307A proposes a kind of fiber design, uses typical step cross-section structure, sandwich layer
Being co-doped with for germanium and fluorine is carried out, using the bending of sagging inner cladding design optimization optical fiber, surrounding layer uses pure silicon dioxide
Design.It is considerably complicated that the cross-section structure designs and manufactures technique, more to optical fiber parameter influence factor, especially for optical fiber
Dispersion be relatively difficult to control, and the optical fiber is not involved with optical fiber in the abbe number and optical fiber micro-bending of each wave band
Energy.Since it uses double surrounding layer concepts, the interface of packaging material and Fluorin doped surrounding layer outside pure silicon dioxide, in wire drawing or preparation
In the process, inevitable doped interface defect, it will influence the reduction of optical fiber attenuation performance.
Summary of the invention
The following are the definition and explanation of some terms involved in the present invention:
Ppm: millionth weight ratio；
It is counted since fiber core central axes, according to the variation of refractive index, is defined as near that layer of axial ray being light
Fine sandwich layer, the outermost layer of optical fiber are defined as optical fiber jacket.
Relative index of refraction Δ ni:
Each layer relative index of refraction Δ n of optical fiberiIt is defined by following equation,
Wherein niFor the absolute index of refraction of optical fiber specific position, and ncFor the absolute index of refraction of pure silicon dioxide.
The relative index of refraction contribution amount Δ Ge of fiber core layer Ge doping is defined by following equation,
Wherein nGeTo assume that the Ge dopant of fibre core causes in being doped to the pure silicon dioxide without other dopants
Absolute index of refraction obtained from silica glass refractive index increases, and ncFor the absolute index of refraction of pure silicon dioxide.
Cable cut-off wavelength λcc:
It is defined in IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard 60793-1-44: cable cut-off wavelength λccIt is optical signal in optical fiber
In have propagated and be not re-used as the wavelength that single mode signal is propagated after 22 meters.Test when need to by optical fiber around a radius
The circle of 14cm, the circle of two radius 4cm obtain data.
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in providing in view of the deficiency of the prior art, one kind is ultralow to decline
Subtract single mode optical fiber, it by the rational design to core covering waveguiding structure and material component, optimize optical fiber various pieces viscosity and
Fiber stress realizes the ultralow fade performance of single mode optical fiber.
The present invention be solve the problems, such as it is set forth above used by technical solution are as follows: include sandwich layer and covering, feature
Be that the core radius r1 is 5~8 μm, the relative index of refraction Δ n1 of sandwich layer is 0~0.20%, outside sandwich layer from inside to outside according to
Secondary cladding inner cladding, sink inner cladding and surrounding layer, and the inner cladding diameter r2 is 8.5~12 μm, relative index of refraction Δ n2
Less than or equal to -0.20%, the sagging inner cladding diameter r3 is 12.5~30 μm, and relative index of refraction Δ n3 is less than or waits
In -0.40%, the surrounding layer is full fluorine doped silica glass layer, and relative index of refraction Δ n4 is less than or equal to -0.20%.
According to the above scheme, the sandwich layer is the silica glass layer or germanium and alkali metal that germanium fluorine and alkali metal are co-doped with
The silica glass layer being co-doped with, wherein the doping contribution amount of germanium is 0.04%~0.08%, and the doping of alkali metal is by weight
It is calculated as 5~3000ppm.
According to the above scheme, the element that alkali metal is mixed in the sandwich layer is one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, francium.
According to the above scheme, the sagging inner cladding is flourine deped silicon dioxide glassy layer.
According to the above scheme, the relative index of refraction Δ n2 of the inner cladding is -0.20~-0.45%, and sink inner cladding
Relative index of refraction Δ n3 is -0.40~-0.65%, and the relative index of refraction Δ n4 of surrounding layer is -0.22~-0.53%.
According to the above scheme, the inner cladding relative index of refraction Δ n2 is greater than surrounding layer relative index of refraction Δ n4, surrounding layer
Relative index of refraction Δ n4 is greater than sink cladding relative refractive Δ n3, i.e. Δ n2 > Δ n4 > Δ n3.
According to the above scheme, effective area of the optical fiber at 1550nm wavelength is 100~135 μm2。
According to the above scheme, attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber at 1550nm wavelength is less than or equal to 0.165dB/km, preferably
Under the conditions of, it is less than or equal to 0.160dB/km.
According to the above scheme, the cabled cutoff wavelength of the optical fiber is equal to or less than 1530nm.
According to the above scheme, the zero dispersion point of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 1300nm.
According to the above scheme, dispersion of the optical fiber at wavelength 1550nm is equal to or less than 23ps/nm*km, the optical fiber
Dispersion at wavelength 1625nm is equal to or less than 27ps/nm*km.
According to the above scheme, the outer coated with resins dope layer of the optical fiber, includes interior coat and outer coat, described is interior
Coat outer diameter is 150~220 μm, and the Young's modulus of interior coat is 0.2~0.5MPa, and outer coat outer diameter is equal to or more than
230μm。
According to the above scheme, microbending loss of the optical fiber at 1700nm wavelength is less than or equal to 4dB/km, optimum condition
Under, it is less than or equal to 2dB/km.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1, distinctive viscosity matched design: sandwich layer is non-pure silicon core, has germanium and fluorine total
The characteristics of mixing optimizes the matching of sandwich layer viscosity by control doping concentration；Optimize optical fiber various pieces viscosity and fiber stress,
Realize the ultralow fade performance of single mode optical fiber；2, sandwich layer carries out alkali-metal-doped technological design, and sandwich layer virtual temperature is effectively reduced；
3, rational design sandwich layer and inner wrap material, reduction sandwich layer and inner cladding glass material are in fiber preparation when structural relaxation
Between mismatch, reduce boundary defect；4, basic mode cut-off is inhibited by surrounding layer design of sinking in sandwich layer and surrounding layer middle position
Problem improves fibre-optic waveguide transmission conditions；5, using fluorine doped silica surrounding layer structure, change fiber optic materials various pieces
The material relaxation time to change the virtual temperature of optical fiber, and simplifies fibre profile, realizes the stability contorting of optical fiber parameter；6,
The comprehensive performance parameters such as cutoff wavelength, mould field, attenuation, dispersion of the invention are good in application band, meet G.654.D optical fiber mark
Standard, and there is sufficiently small microbending loss, to guarantee that the type optical fiber caused added losses under the conditions ofs stranding, laying etc. are enough
It is small.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of the schematic diagram of the section structure of fiber glass part of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
Optical fiber includes sandwich layer, inner cladding from inside to outside, sink inner cladding and surrounding layer.Sandwich layer is that germanium fluorine and alkali metal are co-doped with
Silica glass layer or the silica glass layer that is co-doped with of germanium and alkali metal；Inner cladding closely surrounds sandwich layer；Packet in sinking
Layer closely surrounds inner cladding, is made of fluorine doped silica quartz glass；Sink inner cladding outer wrap surrounding layer, and surrounding layer is complete
Fluorine doped silica glass layer；Surrounding layer radius is 62.5 μm.
Optical fiber is formed by preform through wire drawing in embodiment, and prefabricated rods mainly include two parts: fibre-optical mandrel
And the big casing of the fluorine doped silica glass of hollow synthesis, fibre-optical mandrel and big casing carry out being assembled into preform.
The plug of preform includes sandwich layer, inner cladding and sagging inner cladding, and preform outermost layer is by the fluorine doped dioxy that synthesizes
SiClx glass beats casing composition.
The refractive index profile parameter of the be classified as preferred embodiment of the invention of table 1, K are the content of potassium element in sandwich layer.Table 2
It show the corresponding optical fiber parameter of the optical fiber.
The fibre profile parameter of table 1, the embodiment of the present invention
The optical fiber parameter of table 2, the embodiment of the present invention
Claims (8)
1. a kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber, includes sandwich layer and covering, it is characterised in that the sandwich layer half
Diameter r1 is 5~8 μm, and the relative index of refraction Δ n1 of sandwich layer is 0~0.20%, successively coated from inside to outside outside sandwich layer inner cladding, under
Inner cladding and surrounding layer are fallen into, the inner cladding diameter r2 is 8.5~12 μm, relative index of refraction Δ n2 is less than or equal to-
0.20%, the sagging inner cladding diameter r3 are 12.5~30 μm, and relative index of refraction Δ n3 is less than or equal to -0.40%, institute
Stating surrounding layer is full fluorine doped silica glass layer, and relative index of refraction Δ n4 is less than or equal to -0.20%；The sandwich layer is germanium
The silica glass layer that the silica glass layer or germanium and alkali metal that fluorine and alkali metal are co-doped with are co-doped with, the wherein doping of germanium
Contribution amount is 0.04%~0.08%, the doping of alkali metal 50~3000ppm by weight；The optical fiber is in 1550nm wave
The attenuation coefficient of strong point is less than or equal to 0.165dB/km.
2. ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that mix alkali in the sandwich layer
The element of metal is one or more of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, francium.
3. ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the interior packet that sink
Layer is flourine deped silicon dioxide glassy layer.
4. ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the inner cladding
Relative index of refraction Δ n2 is -0.20~-0.45%, and the relative index of refraction Δ n3 for the inner cladding that sink is -0.40~-0.65%, outside
The relative index of refraction Δ n4 of covering is -0.22~-0.53%.
5. ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the inner cladding is opposite
Refractive index n2 is greater than surrounding layer relative index of refraction Δ n4, and surrounding layer relative index of refraction Δ n4 is greater than the inner cladding relative that sink
Rate Δ n3, i.e. Δ n2 > Δ n4 > Δ n3.
6. ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the optical fiber exists
Effective area at 1550nm wavelength is 100~135 μm2。
7. ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the stranding of the optical fiber
Cutoff wavelength is equal to or less than 1530nm；The zero dispersion point of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 1300nm；The optical fiber is in wavelength
Dispersion at 1550nm is equal to or less than 23ps/nm*km, and dispersion of the optical fiber at wavelength 1625nm is equal to or less than
27ps/nm*km。
8. ultralow attenuation large effective area single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that coated outside the optical fiber
Resin coating layer includes interior coat and outer coat, and the interior coat outer diameter is 150~220 μm, interior coat
Young's modulus is 0.2~0.5MPa, and outer coat outer diameter is equal to or more than 230 μm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107193082A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-09-22 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of ultralow decay single-mode fiber |
| CN106997073A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-08-01 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of ultralow attenuation large effective area single-mode fiber |
| CN107490819B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2020-05-05 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Single mode optical fiber with ultra-low attenuation and large effective area |
| CN109298482B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-05-05 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Large-effective-area single-mode optical fiber with low attenuation and low bending loss |
| CN111323871A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-23 | 中天科技精密材料有限公司 | Optical fiber and method for producing the same |
| CN110221382B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-07-07 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Single-mode fiber with ultralow attenuation and large effective area |
| CN110954985B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2022-03-25 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Ultralow-attenuation large-effective-area single-mode fiber |
| CN114280720B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-03-10 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Optical fiber and optical signal sensing system |
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