CN106196648A

CN106196648A - Solar energy field layout and for wherein arrange, the system and method for maintenance and operation heliostat

Info

Publication number: CN106196648A
Application number: CN201610493516.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吉尔·克罗伊泽; 约尔·吉隆; 埃亚勒·罗森曼
Original assignee: BrightSource Industries Israel Ltd
Current assignee: BrightSource Industries Israel Ltd
Priority date: 2010-06-16
Filing date: 2011-06-16
Publication date: 2016-12-07
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-16
Also published as: CN106196648B

Abstract

Can by safeguard vehicle can along passage of having ready conditions by solar energy field in the way of arrange and operate in heliostat at least some of.In order to allow by safeguard the vehicle layout close to the heliostat of heliostat with control so that with routine arrange compared be capable of different heliostat patterns.Especially, compared with the heliostat in another section of solar energy field, can arrange with higher density may heliostat in a section of the most efficient solar energy field.Furthermore it is possible to do not make position constraint in the case of certain line or arc pattern based on favourable from solar column from the point of view of covered ground and/or income produce the position optimization of the heliostat in each section making field.

Description

Solar energy field layout and for wherein arrange, maintenance and operation heliostat be System and method

The application is filing date " on December 17th, 2012 ", Application No. " 201180029293.0 ", invention entitled The division Shen of application of " solar energy field layout and for arranging wherein, the system and method for maintenance and operation heliostat " Please.

Cross-Reference to Related Applications

This application claims that the U.S. Provisional Application No. submitted on June 16th, 2010 carries on August 30th, 61/355,271,2010 The U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/380,237,2011 of the U.S. Provisional Application No. handed over JIUYUE in 61/378,382,2010 submission on the 5th The international application no PCT/ that the U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/487,136 of submission on May 17, in and on February 25th, 2011 submit to The rights and interests of US11/26273, it is all integrally incorporated herein.

Technical field

Present disclose relates generally to solar energy system, and more particularly relate to arrange heliostat in solar energy field System and method.The disclosure further relates to the system and method for safeguarding and/or operate heliostat in solar energy field.

Summary of the invention

Embodiment of the disclosure be generally directed to safeguard and/or operation solar power system solar energy field be System, method and apparatus.Can be by the solar energy field operated in a specific way and/or heliostat to safeguarding that vehicle navigates To realize the maintenance (such as clean, repair or replace) of some heliostat.Safeguard vehicle can at permanent in solar energy field or Have ready conditions on passage through solar energy field.Heliostat can be controlled to allow to safeguard that vehicle advances along these passages of having ready conditions.

The heliostat in a part of solar energy field can be arranged according to more orderly and highdensity pattern, such as, connect It is bordering on solar column, the heliostat in the another part in solar energy field, example can be arranged according to more unordered pattern simultaneously As away from solar column.Therefore to open the solar energy field for safeguarding vehicle can there is bar by controlling some heliostat It is close that part passage makes to realize to the heliostat in orderly or unordered drafting department.Determining in the various parts of field can be made The density of solar eyepiece and layout optimization produce with improvement and/or maximization solar energy and/or income produces.Pass can not considered In basic orientation symmetric in the case of select the density/layout of heliostat.

In an embodiment, design and operate the method for solar heat heliostat field and can be confined to not making heliostat position Include in the case of line or arc in response at the top of the solar column from solar energy field or in terms of its neighbouring position by the settled date The ground of mirror prediction is sheltered and is used in heliostat position optimization in quite a few of solar energy field.The method also may be used To include constructing solar heat heliostat field according to optimization position.It addition, the method can include selecting the constructed sun The driver's compartment between primary importance and the second position in energy field.Selected driver's compartment at least partially can be with some heliostat For border so that when border heliostat has the first orientation, by being somebody's turn to do that the border heliostat of the opposite side at driver's compartment defines The short of width of part is to allow to safeguard that vehicle passes through this part.The method can also include the illuminator making border heliostat from First orientation is redirected to the second orientation so that the described part limited by the border heliostat of the opposite side at driver's compartment Width be enough to allow to safeguard that vehicle passes through this part.The method can also include safeguarding that vehicle is from primary importance along driver's compartment Mobile to the second position.In second position, it is possible to use safeguard that vehicle is safeguarded in heliostat in constructed solar energy field One or more.

In an embodiment, the method for solar energy field design can be included in the feelings not making heliostat position be confined to concentric arc Shelter in response to the ground predicted by heliostat at the top of solar column or in terms of its neighbouring position under condition and be used in and determine Solar eyepiece position optimization in quite a few of solar energy field.The method may be responsive to optimized result Structure solar heat heliostat field.

In an embodiment, the solar energy field for solar heat Force system can have on tower and sets up receiver and will be at it At least 5000 heliostats are arranged above so that solar-energy collecting is to the field on receiver around this tower.For manufacturing solar energy field Method can include limit field at least some of, heliostat will be located in above it.At least one part described is permissible Have along the radius extended from tower position at least 0.5 times of tower height degree the first dimension and with as at least the first dimension Orthogonal the second dimension of the first dimension.The method is additionally may included in except to be maintained in described at least one of border Position outside in the case of any geometrical pattern position of heliostat of being not limited at least one portion boundary described The settled date made at least one part described is maximized by using optimization algorithm to make solar energy generation and/or income produce The number of mirror and layout optimization.

In an embodiment, the solar energy field for solar heat Force system can have on tower and sets up receiver and will be at it At least 5000 heliostats are arranged above so that solar-energy collecting is to the field on receiver around this tower.For manufacturing solar energy field Method can include limit field at least some of, heliostat will be positioned with its above.At least one part described is permissible Have along the radius extended from tower position at least 0.5 times of tower height degree the first dimension and with as at least the first dimension Orthogonal the second dimension of the first dimension.The method is additionally may included in except to be maintained in described at least one of border Position outside in the case of any geometrical pattern position of heliostat of being not limited at least one portion boundary described By making to shelter efficiency for the ground of heliostat relative to the advantage point in the 30% of the tower height started from receiver location Time average is maximized make the number of the heliostat at least one part described and arrange optimization, this efficiency is The area on the ground sheltered by the illuminator of heliostat is divided by total face of the illuminator of the heliostat at least one part described Long-pending.

In an embodiment, solar energy field can have and is configured to be directed in the solar column in solar energy field insolation Many heliostats of target.Method for the many heliostats of deployment in solar energy field can be included in and be not limited to certain line Or in the case of arc layout and shelter based on the ground from the point of view of favourable from solar column and use optimization algorithm to come really Surely for the heliostat deployed position of described many heliostats.

In an embodiment, solar column system can include solar column and heliostat field.Solar column can be wherein There is target.Heliostat field can be around solar column.Can be configured to each heliostat be directed at this target insolation.Away from At least annular section of the field of tower can have the heliostat on the concentric arc not being arranged in centered by the pedestal of tower.Around tower At least internal of the field of pedestal can have the heliostat arranged according to regular grid pattern or concentric arc.

In an embodiment, solar column system can include solar column and heliostat field.Solar column can be wherein There is target.Heliostat field can be around solar column.Can be configured to each heliostat be directed at this target insolation.This Can have inner region and outskirt, both centered by solar column.Outskirt can be around inner region.Can be according to through inner region The heliostat in inner region disposed by line or arc pattern.Can be outside not considering to dispose in the case of the line or arc pattern of outskirt Heliostat in district.

In an embodiment, a kind of system can include solar column and is deployed in solar energy field and is configured to make insolation Target at the top of the solar column being redirected in solar energy field or near it.The marking area of solar energy field can have for Total heliostat of at least 100 heliostats is disposed, so that the major part throughout this marking area of solar energy field exists the settled date Mirror.Heliostat in this marking area disposes pattern so that can not be drawn by a series of 20 or more multiple heliostats Parallel lines or arc, can make the spaced apart average arest neighbors less than the heliostat along line or arc of heliostat along this line or arc In-plant three times.

In an embodiment, solar energy field can have the many at the target being configured to insolation be directed in solar column Heliostat.A kind of method for disposing described many heliostats can include when solar column on the Northern Hemisphere time with at the sun Higher density can be compared to the north of tower in the southern solar energy field of solar column, dispose heliostat, or when solar column is in south In the solar energy field in the north of solar column, the settled date is disposed with density higher compared with on the south solar column time in hemisphere Mirror.

In an embodiment, solar energy field can have the many at the target being configured to insolation be directed in solar column Heliostat.A kind of method for disposing described many heliostats can include selecting in one or more time or 1 year Time, and for selected one or more times, between the first and second regions of solar energy field, arrange described many Heliostat so that add up at least in reflector size, heliostat density, the number of heliostat and average reflector size Individual different from the second area in the first region.This second area can be first area relative to solar column Centered by basic orientation in the MIRROR SITE of.

In an embodiment, a kind of method for disposing heliostat in solar energy field can include determining that solar energy field First area, in the first region, the time in one or more times and/or one or more 1 year, refers to insolation Guiding to the heliostat at the target in solar column compared with the heliostat in the second area of solar energy field be not that Efficiently, heliostat and is disposed in solar energy field so that first area has total illuminator more higher than second area Area or heliostat density.

In an embodiment, receiver tower that the heliostat field being positioned in the Northern Hemisphere can be included in heliostat field and at tower In receiver.Nan Chang part and the Bei Chang part of field can be divided by the line from east to west of the pedestal through tower.Receiver is permissible Have in the face of the north side, face of Bei Chang part with in the face of the southern side, face of Nan Chang part.Dough-making powder southern side, north, face can have equal face Long-pending.The illuminator area that adds up to of the heliostat in Nan Chang part can be more than the total reflective mirror of the heliostat in Bei Chang part Long-pending.

In an embodiment, solar column system can be included therein and have the solar column of target and around solar column Heliostat field.Can be configured to each heliostat be directed at described target insolation.For first in the first area of field Second group of heliostat in the second area of group heliostat and field, for total reflector size, the settled date of first group of heliostat Corresponding one be different from for second group of heliostat in mirror density, heliostat number and average reflector size Individual.Second area can be the mirror image relative in the basic orientation centered by solar column of first area.

In an embodiment, solar column system can include solar column and be arranged to thus determining around solar column Solar eyepiece field.Heliostat density in Part I in this can be higher than the heliostat density in the Part II of field.? Part I can have and exists on an average compared with the heliostat in the Part II of field during one or more time periods The most efficient heliostat.

In an embodiment, by solar energy field, the solar column wherein with target can be positioned.One is used for Safeguard that vehicle can include selecting the primary importance and second in solar energy field to the method safeguarding the heliostat in solar energy field Driver's compartment between position.Selected driver's compartment at least partially can be with heliostat as border so that at the heliostat of border When first is orientated, the border heliostat of the opposite side at driver's compartment the short of width of this part defined is to allow maintenance cart By this part.The method can also include that the illuminator making border heliostat redirects, so that by driver's compartment The width of the described part that the border heliostat of opposite side limits be enough to allow to safeguard that vehicle passes through this part.The method is all right To safeguard that vehicle moves to the second position from primary importance including along driver's compartment.

In an embodiment, solar energy field can have and is configured to be directed in the solar column in solar energy field insolation Target at many heliostats.A kind of method for disposing described many heliostats in solar energy field can include using Optimized algorithm determine for solar energy field at least some of in the heliostat deployed position of described many heliostats so that Minimal information amount needed for must representing the determined deployed position on line or arc is more than representing determined deployed position institute independently The half of the quantity of information needed.

In an embodiment, solar column can include solar column and heliostat field.Solar column can have wherein Target.Heliostat field can be around solar column.Each heliostat can be configured to target insolation being directed in solar column Place.This can include inner region and outskirt.Interior and outskirt both can be centered by solar column.Outskirt can be around interior District.The heliostat in inner region can be disposed according to line or arc pattern.The heliostat in outskirt can be disposed, so that representing line Or the minimal information amount needed for the determined deployed position on arc is more than representing the information needed for determined deployed position independently The half of amount.

In an embodiment, a kind of electricity-generating method can include operating any system disclosed herein.In an embodiment, a kind of By fused salt, motlten metal, pressurization H₂O and pressurization CO₂The method of heating can include operating any system disclosed herein.

When being considered in conjunction with the accompanying, according to following description, the purpose that embodiment of the disclosure and advantage will become aobvious and It is clear to.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Embodiment hereinafter will be described in reference to the drawings, and it has not necessarily been drawn to scale.In the case of applicatory, can Energy some feature not shown is to help diagram and the description of lower region feature.Throughout each figure, similar reference number represents similar Element.

Fig. 1 is the tower-mounted solar energy receiver illustrating the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of concept.

Fig. 2 is the sun of the heliostat around solar column illustrating the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the birds-eye view of energy field.

Settled date in a part for the heliostat field that Fig. 3 A shows the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the elevation view of mirror cleaning vehicle.

Fig. 3 B is intersecting with the heliostat illuminator in heliostat field of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The close-up illustration of mutual burnisher.

Fig. 3 C is intersecting with the heliostat illuminator in heliostat field of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The close-up illustration of another mutual burnisher.

Fig. 4 shows the heliostat field with appointment driver's compartment of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of birds-eye view.

What Fig. 5 showed one or more embodiments according to open theme has the illuminator being in different orientation The schematic diagram of the elevation view of heliostat.

Fig. 6 be the one or more embodiments according to open theme for safeguarding and/or operating determining in solar energy field The schematic diagram of the control system of solar eyepiece.

Fig. 7 shows the solar energy wherein with cleaning vehicle of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the birds-eye view of a part for field.

Animal in a part for the solar energy field that Fig. 8 shows the one or more embodiments according to open theme lives The schematic diagram of dynamic birds-eye view.

Heliostat in a part for the heliostat field that Fig. 9 shows the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the elevation view of cleaning vehicle.

Figure 10 show the one or more embodiments according to open theme have be in various orientation heliostat and Schematic diagram by the birds-eye view of a part for the solar energy field of the advance of the cleaning vehicle of solar energy field.

Figure 11 show the one or more embodiments according to open theme have be in various orientation heliostat and The schematic diagram of the birds-eye view of a part for the solar energy field of the advance of vehicle is cleaned by the different size of solar energy field.

Figure 12 shows a part and the solar energy of the solar energy field of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The figure of the birds-eye view of a pair cleaning vehicle in Chang.

Figure 13 shows the solar energy of Figure 12 in the time after a while of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The figure of the cleaning vehicle in Chang.

Figure 14 is the situation in field with heliostat cleaning vehicle of the one or more embodiments according to open theme Under the view of the part of solar energy field that starts of the certain altitude from tower.

Figure 15-Figure 21 shows one or more embodiments according to open theme through having ready conditions passage cleaning too The isometric view of a part for the solar energy field of the cleaning vehicle of the heliostat in sun energy field.

One or more embodiments that Figure 22 shows according to open theme have in the different piece of solar energy field The schematic diagram of the birds-eye view of the solar energy field of different heliostat layouts.

Figure 23 shows the feature bird of a part for the solar energy field of the one or more embodiments according to open theme Looking down from a height the schematic diagram of figure, this feature birds-eye view shows in the first heliostat layout patterns in exterior section and interior section Two heliostat layout patterns.

Figure 24 shows the heliostat density for table 2 that has of one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the birds-eye view of the solar energy field of identified sample position.

Figure 25-Figure 30 show the one or more embodiments according to open theme identify various position for The schematic diagram of the birds-eye view of solar energy field relatively.

Figure 31-Figure 32 be the one or more embodiments according to open theme as the distance to arest neighbors heliostat The chart of the number of the heliostat of function.

Figure 33-Figure 35 shows multiple towers and the solar energy field layout of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of birds-eye view.

Figure 36 is the figure of single illuminator heliostat of the one or more embodiments according to open theme.

Figure 37 is the picture of double illuminator heliostats of the one or more embodiments according to open theme.

Figure 38-Figure 39 shows the orderly cloth showing heliostat of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the birds-eye view of the solar energy field put.

Figure 40 shows the various parts of the one or more embodiments according to open theme and has different heliostat cloth The schematic diagram of the birds-eye view of the solar energy field in the case of putting.

Figure 41 shows the feature of the solar energy field close to tower of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of birds-eye view.

Figure 42-Figure 43 is the first and second solar energys respectively illustrating the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the feature birds-eye view of the northeast part of field.

Figure 44-Figure 45 is the first and second solar energys respectively illustrating the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the feature birds-eye view of the Counties of North-west Five of field.

Figure 46-Figure 47 is the first and second solar energys respectively illustrating the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the feature birds-eye view of the southeast part of field.

Figure 48-Figure 49 is the first and second solar energys respectively illustrating the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the feature birds-eye view of the southwest part of field.

Figure 50 be the one or more embodiments according to open theme have different anti-for the time in different one day The elevation view of the heliostat in the case of light microscopic layout.

Figure 51 is that the part being in caused in heliostat of the one or more embodiments according to open theme hides The elevation view of a pair heliostat of the first spacing covered.

Figure 52 is that being in of the one or more embodiments according to open theme does not results in a pair of the second spacing covered The elevation view of heliostat.

Figure 53-Figure 54 respectively illustrates the top from tower of the one or more embodiments according to open theme to start too The interior section of sun energy field and the northern view of exterior section.

Figure 55-Figure 56 respectively illustrates the top from tower of the one or more embodiments according to open theme to start too The interior section of sun energy field and the southern view of exterior section.

Figure 57-Figure 58 shows the first and second solar energy field of the one or more embodiments according to open theme The schematic diagram of the birds-eye view of a part.

Figure 59 show the one or more embodiments according to open theme for moving in the range of single row of heliostats The configuration safeguarding vehicle.

Figure 60 shows the motor-driven to be cleaned between heliostat of the one or more embodiments according to open theme Articulated vehicle.

Figure 61 is shown in which the statistical property of the embodiment identifying various position and associated region to explain open theme Field layout.

Figure 62 A to Figure 65 B shows the comparison between the calculating character of each field.

Figure 66 and Figure 67 shows corresponding to prior art and public affairs for the purpose of the different characteristic of the open embodiment of diagram Open the field layout of embodiment.

Figure 68 shows a layout for discussing optimized purpose.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment of the disclosure be generally directed to safeguard and/or operation solar power system solar energy field be System, method and apparatus.Especially, it relates to power plant magnitude (magnitude) system rather than navigation system.Such as, The peaking flux power level adding up to flux to tower and/or target is at least 5 megawatts, at least 10 megawatts, at least 20 megawatts, at least 50 megawatts, at least 100 megawatts, at least 250 megawatts or at least 500 megawatts.

Can drive and safeguard that vehicle passes through solar energy field and/or the heliostat that operates in a specific way to realize heliostat Cleaning.Safeguard the operation of the control of vehicle and/or heliostat so that damage the native country animal of such as desert Testudinis and/or it is dwelt The probability on breath ground reduces and/or minimizes.Therefore, it can to promote solar energy field and covered by protection plan compromised and/ Or the coexisting of Endangered species or animal.Although discussing above in association with desert Testudinis, but this embodiment can be used to the life to vegetation Long reacting, this vegetation can be moved or dead and reappear in different positions.

Safeguard that vehicle can pass solar energy field on the permanent channels in solar energy field.Additionally or alternatively, can be with Safeguard that vehicle can be along passage of having ready conditions (that is, the certain maintenance when heliostat is orientated the receiver aimed in solar column The passage that vehicle normally will not pass through via this passage) arrange by the way of solar energy field and control in heliostat At least some of.

In order to allow through solar energy field safeguard vehicle close to layout and the control of the heliostat of heliostat so that It is capable of arranging different heliostat pattern with conventional.Especially, more orderly and highdensity pattern (i.e. office can be used It is limited to line or arc) arrange such as close to the heliostat in a part of the solar energy field of solar column, can use simultaneously The most orderly pattern being not limited to certain line or arc is arranged for example away from the solar energy field of solar column Heliostat in another part.By control some heliostat with open in the solar energy field for safeguarding vehicle have ready conditions logical It is close that road obtains the heliostat in any one part.Density and the layout of heliostat in the various parts of field can be made Optimization produces and/or income generation to improve and/or to maximize solar energy.The symmetry about basic orientation can not considered Density/the layout of heliostat is selected in the case of property.Especially, for the density of heliostat, number, total reflector size And/or average reflector size can for have compare more inefficient (i.e. for the target in tower of given reflector size The insolation amount of place's reflection) solar energy field region for bigger than the heliostat in another region of solar energy field, this is Such as due to the cosine losses being associated with the geographical position of heliostat or the reason of other factors.Additionally or alternatively, it is used for The density of heliostat, number, total reflector size and/or average reflector size can be in some regions of solar energy field Bigger so that the amount of power generation and/or be directed to insolation at target amount and/or in one or more one day the time and/or In one or more 1 year, (uniform outer surface temperature or the uniform heat of the such as receiver in tower lead to the homogeneity condition of time Amount) optimization.

With reference now to Fig. 1, it is shown that the diagram of solar column system.Can be configured to solar column system such as produce Solar steam and/or by the fluid of such as fused salt or gas heating.This system can include solar column 18, and it is from the most fixed It is poly-that solar energy field 16 reception of solar eyepiece 12 (only illustrating two, although actual field can include thousands of heliostat 12) is reflected Burnt daylight 10.Solar energy receiver 20 can be arranged on solar column 18.Solar energy receiver 20 can include such as cloth Put at various height or position and/or serve the one or more independent receiver of difference in functionality.Can be by solar energy Receiver 20 is configured to use the insolation 14 being reflexed on receiver 20 by heliostat 12 by water and/or steam and/or supercritical Steam heats.Such as, solar column 18 can be at least 25 meters high, at least 50 meters high, at least 75 meters high or the highest.? Fig. 1 only illustrates some parts to understand and discussing.The physical embodiments of solar column system can include such as adding Optical element, control system, sensor, pipeline, electromotor and/or turbine, the most not shown.

In an embodiment, auxiliary reflector can receive, from heliostat 12, the insolation 10 reflected.Auxiliary reflector is then Insolation can be reflected down to being positioned at ground level or its neighbouring receiver.In an embodiment, can be in single solar energy field Two or more solar columns 18 are provided in 16 or in each solar energy field 16.Each tower 18 can steam with such as solar energy system Each solar energy system receiver of vapour receiver is associated.In an embodiment, at any given time, given heliostat can be made Point to any one solar energy receiver in tower.

In an embodiment, more than one solar energy receiver 20 can be arranged in tower 18.Heliostat can be adjusted Aim at so that a movement in the barycenter of the reflected beam 10 of projection solar energy receiver from tower 18 is to same at tower 18 Another in solar energy receiver in one tower.Solar energy receiver 20 can include steam generator, steam superheater, steaming Vapour reheater, photovoltaic panel, fused salt receiver, air receiver machine, helium receiver, granule receiver or be configured to the sun Any combination of any other receiver electrically or thermally can be converted into.

Fig. 2 is the simplification birds-eye view of the embodiment of the solar energy system of the field 16 including independent heliostat.It should be noted This view not drawn on scale and in order to understand for the sake of be simplified.Note that can relative to tower 18 along concentric channels Heliostat is arranged with radial symmetric pattern in the case of arranging heliostat.In an embodiment, the settled date can periodically be cleaned Mirror.Alternately or additionally, the one or more additional maintenance that such as heliostat is repaired or replaced can one by one be performed Operate to the most of or all illuminator in heliostat field.For this and with reference to Fig. 3 A, it is provided that safeguard vehicle 30 to carry Supply each heliostat 12 or part thereof of close, the such as reflecting surface of illuminator 13.Safeguard that vehicle 30 can be automatic Change robotic vehicle, operate by the operator in vehicle 30 or by the driver (i.e. passing through remote control) away from vehicle 30. Vehicle-mounted on vehicle 30 can include that controller 32 enables to realize remotely and/or robot controls safeguarding.

Safeguard vehicle 30 can along between heliostat 12A, 12B driving path advance, its be sufficiently spaced with Vehicle 30 is allowed to pass through.Such as, safeguard that vehicle 30 can have the Breadth Maximum less than the distance between heliostat 12A, 12B D₃₀.Heliostat 12A, 12B can be spaced sufficiently apart, even if when angled or when aiming at receiver, heliostat 12A, 12B are Distance D between outer portion_12ABWidth D still greater than vehicle 30₃₀To allow vehicle 30 to pass through.Alternatively, can be by heliostat 12A, 12B are more closely arranged together so that be orientated at least for some illuminator, and the part of heliostat will be concerned with vehicle 30 Disturb.In order to allow vehicle 30 pass through, the illuminator of heliostat 12A, 12B can be controlled with the mobile position to perpendicular, make Obtain distance D between vertical illuminator_maxWidth D more than vehicle₃₀。

Can be immediately adjacent to although heliostat 12A, 12B of being adjacent to the driving path of vehicle 30 can be vehicles 30, but Other heliostats 12C-12E isolation in this path can be will be far from relative to this driving path or hide.Safeguard that vehicle 30 is permissible Including crossing heliostat with the arm 34 close to these hiding heliostat 12C-12E.Arm 34 can be have generallyperpendicular Part 36A extended, less horizontal part 36B and the generallyperpendicular extension terminated in cleaning executor 38 The robots arm of 36C.One or more parts of arm 34 can be flexible to enable to realization and can cross and be adjacent to road The heliostat (such as heliostat 12A, 12B) in footpath is with the change close to the length hiding heliostat (such as heliostat 12C-12E). Certainly, according to one or more contemplated example, it is also possible to have for allowing other layouts close to the arm 34 hiding heliostat. Such as, vehicle 30 can be provided with the suspension bracket of the heliostat for crossing the driving path being adjacent to vehicle and (sees Figure 15-figure 21)。

Safeguard that the example of vehicle 30 includes but not limited to clean vehicle, such as, be used for promoting that illuminator tilts, and other Vehicle safeguarded by the heliostat of type, such as to repair and/or replace heliostat illuminator.Safeguard that vehicle 30 can have length Degree, width and height, each is at least 0.5m, at least 1m, at least 1.5m, at least 2m, at least 3m or at least 10m. Safeguard ratio between the different dimensions of vehicle 30 (i.e. another with length, width and height of in length, width and height Ratio between one) can be at least 0.25, at least 0.5, at least 0.75, at least 1, at least 1.25, at least 1.5, at least 2 or extremely Few 4.Alternately or additionally, safeguard the ratio between the different dimensions of vehicle 30 can be at most 0.025, at most 0.5, at most 0.75, at most 1.0, at most 1.25, at most 1.5, at most 2.0, at most 4.0, at most 6.0, at most 8.0 or at most 10.0.Safeguard Vehicle can have any kind of vehicle shape, includes but not limited to rectangular prism or substantially cylindrical shape.

Safeguarding that vehicle 30 can be relatively large vehicle, such as platform truck or similar vehicles are (as such as at Figure 15-Figure 21 Shown in).Size according to driver's compartment and the size safeguarding vehicle 30, safeguard that vehicle 30 may not have and be enough at it along logical The space of revolution when road runs into barrier.Therefore, safeguarding that vehicle may need to turn round reversely rather than turn to, this may give tradition Oversize vehicle brings problem.In an embodiment, can will safeguard that vehicle is designed in driver's compartment passage accommodate the most reversely Operation.Such as, safeguard that vehicle can include that a pair driving cabin front deck and rear deck make the driver can be alternately at vehicle Different ends operation vehicle to advance along desired direction.In another example, vehicle 30 can have rotatable cabin, makes Obtaining driver can make this cabin be rotated in the face of desired direction.Alternately or additionally, vehicle 30 can have relative close Radius of turn, such as by having four-wheel or multi-wheel steering, to allow vehicle 30 to turn round at driver's compartment.

For being designed to clean the maintenance vehicle on the surface of the illuminator 13 of heliostat, the cleaning end 38A of arm 34 can To include such as contacting cleaning element 37, as shown in Figure 3 B.Contact cleaning element 37 can contact illuminator 13 surface so that Dirt and chip is removed from the surface of illuminator.Such as, contact cleaning element 37 can include but not limited to wiper, sponge or Grinding-material.Alternately or additionally, the cleaning end 38B of arm 34 can include such as minute surface at a distance of setpoint distance D_35BPlace makes fluid 39 flow to the device on illuminator 13.Such as, the device 33 being used for flowing out fluid can include one or more Nozzle, it is for being directed to pressure fluid on the surface of illuminator to remove dirt and chip therefrom.Such as, this fluid Water or cleaning fluid can be included but not limited to.

One or more photographing unit 38F can be attached to clean executor 38 and/or can be by and multiple photograph Machine 30F is attached to vehicle 30 to obtain the image of heliostat.This image can be from multiple angles while vehicle is fixed or be mobile Degree obtains image (using vehicle to move multiple positions of period to obtain multiple view).Controller can obtain image and process To calculate position and the orientation of heliostat to be cleaned.Image can also be processed to determine the need for cleaning heliostat.Permissible To allow cleaning and/or can accurately and precisely carry out calculating with control in confirming heliostat position and being oriented in preset range The orientation of system cleaning executor 30 and location.

With reference to Figure 59, truck 612 has center alignment pit 620, and it allows truck to drive in vertical or near upright position On heliostat 606 on travel.Cleaning executor 608 can arrive heliostat 606, and (second illustrated with can providing retraction is clear Clean executor 610), simultaneously extension 614a and 614b laterally stretch out with use cleaning executor 618 clean near fixed Solar eyepiece 602.The feature of the present embodiment that can apply to any embodiment described herein be can make wheel 616 spaced apart with Extend in adjacent heliostat space below 622 to provide broader attitude (stance).Shown configuration can carry Truck 612 is allowed to add along almost width spaces at single heliostat while obtaining stability for sufficiently wide attitude Pass through in rut in minimum spacing nargin.This configuration can be extended to have the gap 620 around multiple heliostats, wherein Cleaning executor is orientable with each heliostat around of cleaning.

In various embodiments above or in the claims, vehicle or truck can be equipped with curvilinear style pilot (cow Catcher) equipment of formula is to make animal away from the route turning of wheel harmlessly.Blade can have flexible edge to allow Embrace surface.Alternatively, proximity detector (acoustics, infrared or other) can be provided on this type of pilot (or as replace) Or imaging device (laser scanner, radar, photographing unit etc.) and a series of fluidic generator are to promote animal away from the road of vehicle Footpath.Skirtboard can be provided in case stop thing is movable below wheel in side.

Figure 60 shows the motor-driven articulated vehicle to be cleaned between heliostat.In an embodiment, vehicle 640 has Having central spine 638, its length can be variable.Alternatively, it is possible to use any type of regular length chassis.Pivot torr Frame 642 (such as, wheel shaft) allows operation wheel to pass through around heliostat, its during vehicle carries out the region operated wherein with fixed Average distance between solar eyepiece is spaced apart.Cleaning part 634 can clean in level or nearly horizontal level or at any other Heliostat on position.Cleaning part 634 can position and orientable.Same configuration 640 can use multiple cleaning Executor.Detection by the position of heliostat 630, it is possible to achieve multiple degree of freedom and complicated control.

If there is not the path of any group of illuminator orientation for heliostat in solar energy field, this road used by vehicle Footpath directly can contact with heliostat in the case of first contacting with another heliostat of solar energy field or collide, Then heliostat used herein is considered as the concealed heliostat relative to certain maintenance.In other words, for the concealed settled date For mirror, would be required to from each path of the original position (or the position outside solar energy field) of vehicle to concealed heliostat Collision with other heliostats one or more in addition to concealed heliostat.Term " concealed heliostat " or " have ready conditions Can be close to heliostat " refer to particular vehicle geometric properties based on this vehicle and solar energy field heliostat geometric properties and Layout and carry out the ability contacted with heliostat.When thinking that heliostat is concealed, for the one-tenth in solar energy field The institute's likely settled date illuminator orientation/configuration of all heliostats of group, prevents vehicle fixed with concealed with other heliostats Contact between solar eyepiece.As discussed below, when heliostat is to have ready conditions come-at-able, this refers to only in some condition Under (i.e. illuminator orientation/configuration) prevent contacting of heliostat with solar energy field.

When being referred to as contacting with specific heliostat by vehicle above, this refers to vehicle body along vehicle The position of driving path and directly contact the ability of heliostat not by using slender arm 34 to reach heliostat.Cause This, when vehicle 30 is designated as can contacting specific heliostat, it refers in the main body of vehicle and/or on wheel (or car Rut or pedal or drive the pedal of vehicle for crawler type/pedal) position and/or vehicle mass centre 4m or 3m or Any position on vehicle in 2m or 1m, it can contact or touch specific heliostat physically.

Some heliostat can stop safeguards that concealed heliostat is immediately adjacent to by vehicle 30 because heliostat with The most intensive mode is the most relatively closely disposed, and the illuminator of heliostat is sufficiently large, thus stops adjacent heliostat Between pass through, and/or heliostat is disposed (such as staggered or be not limited to line or the arc of the overall situation with specific geometric ways Pattern), it can limit safeguards that vehicle mobility between heliostat is (such as due to radius of turn or the chi of vehicle of vehicle Very little).

In an embodiment, the heliostat 12 in solar energy field 16 or in the specific part of solar energy field 16 can be arranged to Make the insufficient space between adjacent heliostat so that safeguarding that vehicle passes through in-between.Safeguard that vehicle therefore can be via very well The driver's compartment of ground definition or track are through solar energy field 16 or one part.With reference now to Fig. 4, heliostat 12 is with the most intensive Deployment arrangements so that in the part of on the scene 16, safeguard that vehicle may not be from there through.One or more driver's compartments 42 can be radially oriented, and the most one or more driver's compartments 40 can be the substantially annular centered by solar column 18 Region.Although driver's compartment 40 and 42 is illustrated as continuous print, but driver's compartment can be divided into various section so that district 40 And/or 42 exist only in some part of field 16, and the therefore continuous print not by field.

Can relative to safeguard one or more dimensions of vehicle 30 to define driver's compartment because can form for relatively The thing of the driver's compartment of less vehicle may will not form the driver's compartment for relatively large region.In solar energy field 16, can So that at least most of solar energy field 16 or major part (for example, at least 80% or 90% or 95% or 99% or more than) are considered as " nothing Drive " part in district.Safeguard that vehicle 30 can not approach or pass through " without driving " district, thus the animal in solar energy field provides Shielding and/or No Attack Area.Therefore, it is greatly reduced and/or minimizes and due to the movement in solar energy field, animal is made Become the probability of infringement.

Additionally, the layout of heliostat can allow animal to pass through the movement of solar energy field 16, even if heliostat is close wherein In degree possible sizable " without driving " district.With reference now to Fig. 5, it is shown that illuminator 13 is in the heliostat 12 of different orientation. When illuminator 13 is in substantially vertical orientation, heliostat provides minimum vertical headroom H₁.Such as, vertical clearance H₁Can be 200cm, 0.5m, 1m or be enough to provide for animal illuminator below by headroom any other value in the range of.Replace Change ground or it addition, vertical clearance i.e. can be different from shown in Fig. 5 based on the minimum point of the illuminator 13 during normal operating Substantially perpendicular orientation.

Limited in substantial horizontal orientation by illuminator 13 in heliostat 12 area below, thus define the One horizontal clearance L₁With the second horizontal clearance L₂, each have one fixed width (not shown), and wherein, animal can not be by heliostat 12 and/or safeguard vehicle 30 stop ground freely roam leisurely.Illuminator 13 is maintained at specific orientation by the supporting construction 15 of such as pyller. Supporting construction 15 provides at ground level has length L that animal will not be the most close₃Barrier with width (not shown). But, length L₃It is substantially less than length L₁And L₂, thus allow most or most of in heliostat 12 area below It is come-at-able for the animal of such as desert Testudinis.It should be noted that the desert animal including but not limited to desert Testudinis tends to In than the vertical clearance H provided by heliostat₁Short.

The attended operation of solar power system (including the heliostat in solar energy field and/or generating) and/or actual behaviour Based on many factors, the control made can include but not limited to that cleaning time table, animal information and enable amount produce optimization. Such as, with reference to Fig. 6, some information 62 zoologic is examined by the maintenance of solar energy field and/or the control 60 of operation the most alternatively Including Lving.It addition, the control 60 of the maintenance of solar energy field and/or operation can will be stored in such as memorizer (with control system System 60 together or separate with control system 60) information 64 and take into account about the information 66 of solar energy field 16 own.Control System 60 therefore can be with hinged outfan 68 to safeguard that (such as clean, repair or replace heliostat) and/or control are (the most fixed Solar eyepiece aims at or boiler attendance) solar energy field 16.

About animal information 62, one or more different factors can be taken into account by control system 60, including but do not limit In observed animal position, the animal position predicted, observed animal are moved, the animal predicted is moved, observed Animal habitat position and/or the animal habitat position predicted.For example, it is possible to radio transmitter or other mark-ons Animal in solar energy field 16 is tagged by the mechanism of label so that the position of transmitter or label be enough to describe the position of animal. In another example, it is possible to use radar, sonar, ultrasound wave, infrared thermoviewer and/or visual light imaging device monitor animal Position and/or movement.In another example, it is possible to use the data about animal position or movement predict that animal is after a while time Between the position of section, to predict the animal movement in the time period after a while, or the position of the used area on prediction animal or animal habitat ground Put and shape (see below the discussion being associated with Fig. 8).Prediction can be performed by control system 60 or as being input to A part for the animal information 62 of control system 60.

The combination that can use one or more image processing techniques or image processing techniques determines and/or predicts animal Position, movement and/or habitat.For example, it is possible to one or more positions in solar energy field 16 and/or in any maintenance Vehicle 30 and/or imaging vehicle (i.e. safeguarding the less of vehicle and/or more movement) are upper and/or can be to solar energy field 16 A part carries out any other position of imaging and uses one or more cameras to obtain still image and/or a series of images (such as video).One non-limiting example of this type of image processing techniques relates to the motion inspection that digital camera is typically used Test case journey.In another example, safeguard the data base of the image of one or more " target species ", and can attempt will be from The candidate image (it can include or can not include animal) of solar energy field with in the most in imminent danger or target of threatened species One or more images in the data base of the image of species mate.These type of data can be included in such as memorizer 64 Storehouse.

Alternatively, it is possible to use the sound system of such as acoustics imaging or passive audio detection and pattern recognition come animal Move and position with positional information and event and identify.For example, it is possible to go forward side by side by obtaining audio frequency from multiple location microphones Row triangulation determines that position is to determine position and speed.Can be based on animal behavior and current location and track and history The model of position and trace information generates other information of forecastings.Describe all embodiments of optical means and equipment wherein In, it should be understood that in the case of feasible, can be replaced these with this type of acoustic method and equipment and be identified to provide Rear function.Further, it is possible to use satellite or air-borne imagery (include radar, infrared ray, ultraviolet imaging data visible or non-can See spectrum) predict the movement of the animal of other weakness zones of care, and can input as described above be supplied to System is for route planning.

In an embodiment, the image in the region of solar energy field 16 and/or any other physics reading can be categorized as (i) The existence of non-domestic animal and/or (ii) is indicated not to indicate the existence of non-domestic animal.This classification can depend on coming the physics reading of self-fields And/or for judging data instruction solar energy field exists one or more threshold values of the time of animal.The value of these threshold values can With depend on " wrong report (false positive) " (i.e. when not actually existing animal, animal determines that animal dis exists) and with (i.e. determining when there are in fact animal that animal does not exists) cost of being associated of " failing to report (false negative) ".Can be with base Determine these threshold values in each species, wherein in imminent danger or threatened species are given more consideration and (such as can cause more The lower threshold value of wrong report.The information about animal information 62 being supplied to control system 60 can include from operator or special The input of family (such as naturalist).For example, it is possible to provide to operator the image of each several part of solar energy field with In further classification, i.e. determine that whether animal is the Endangered species of actually required lower-threshold.

The position on animal habitat ground can be detected in many ways.In one example, naturalist is permissible Artificially in solar energy field 16 walking and identify animal habitat ground 74 position, including being likely located at underground and standing maintenance cart The habitat of broken ring.In another example, can manually and/or automatically obtain and manually and/or automatically divide Analysis image.In another example, As time goes on follow the tracks of the movement of animal, and determine animal based on the result followed the tracks of The position (see for example the discussion being associated with Fig. 8) of dwelling/habitat.

In addition to the data base of animal painting, memorizer can include the various parts of solar energy field 16 or different schemes Image uses when determining maintenance or controlling output 68 for control system 60.Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to by utilized The cleaning historical storage of heliostat and/or driver's compartment is in memory.As being described more fully, can be left certain A little heliostats are not cleared up, or some driver's compartment is likely to be due to animal or the existence of its habitat and impassabitity.Memorizer 64 This information can be stored access for control system 60.Such as, control system 60 can be for cleaning, again aiming at or compensate Dirty heliostat and heliostat is prioritized and/or selects driver's compartment or replace driver's compartment so as cleaning heliostat time Use this information.

Additionally or alternatively, control system 60 can receive the information 66 about solar energy field in case determine maintenance and/or Operation output 68.Such as, the position of the heliostat 12 in solar energy field information 66 can include but not limited to solar energy field 16, fixed The desired operation (such as solar tracking information) of solar eyepiece 12, safeguard vehicle dimension, safeguard that vehicle location is (such as along the position in path Put), for certain maintenance vehicle permanent driver's compartment position (driver's compartment 40 or 42 in such as Fig. 4) and for specific Safeguard vehicle driver's compartment of having ready conditions (the most more fully hereinafter describe only by heliostat being redirected available driving District) position.Can memory module 64 and solar energy field information module 66 be combined in individual module (not shown), together Storage is individually combined in the part being combined as control system 60, the part being integrated into control system 60 individually or conduct Device-field information module.

Control system 60 can use optional animal information 62, memory module 64 and/or solar energy field information module 66 Determine the maintenance for solar energy field 16 and/or operation standard.The output 68 from control system 60 can be made to point to the sun Can one or more parts of field 16, such as individually heliostat 12, safeguard vehicle 30 and/or solar power system any its His parts or system.Such as, output 68 can include the instruction for cleaning the heliostat in solar energy field or control algolithm.Should Control system 60 may determine that the cleaning order of heliostat or selects special modality, such as along the maintenance vehicle driver's compartment specified To avoid safeguarding the animal in vehicle driver's compartment or habitat.Heliostat cleaning history can be used to determine in pre-timing Between the priority of some heliostat the most cleaned in section.

Additionally or alternatively, can (or based on the output from control system 60 another controls system by control system 60 System) control the behaviour of heliostat and be explained it and safeguard or lack.Such as, dirty heliostat can receive with relatively low efficiency Insolation is reflected at machine 20.Other heliostats can be made again to aim to compensate the reflected flux of the minimizing caused by dirty heliostat. Optimization can be performed one or more in clean or dirty heliostat again to be aimed at by control system 60, thus protect Hold the temperature homogeneity of receiver 20.Dirty heliostat can be made to be redirected at the region that the temperature of receiver is less crucial or Different receivers, such as vaporizer portion.Control system 60 can also control some heliostat 12 and currently experience to compensate Other heliostats safeguarded.Such as, when cleaning solar energy field a part of, can make in the Part II of solar energy field Heliostat again aim to receiver 20 sentence compensate cleaning during throughput loss.

Control system 60 can also control heliostat and reorientate for cleaning.For example, it is possible to make the anti-of heliostat 12 Light microscopic 13 redirects to the position of perpendicular to allow by safeguarding that vehicle 30 is cleaned.The independent settled date can also occur The redirecting of the illuminator 13 of mirror 12 allows to have ready conditions driver's compartment for certain maintenance vehicle.For example, it is possible to make basic On be adjacent to the to have ready conditions illuminator 13 of heliostat 12 of driver's compartment redirect to the position of perpendicular to allow to safeguard Vehicle 30 passes through.Additionally or alternatively, heliostat can be controlled, thus avoid any of the animal being pointed in solar energy field to dive Destroying.Such as, if the animal in solar energy field has for some illuminator is orientated, to be enough to contact heliostat reflective The height of mirror 13, then control system 60 can control the heliostat around animal to avoid those illuminators to be orientated.

Control system 60 can be with the operation safeguarding vehicle 30 in controlling filed.For example, it is possible to according to the threshold that there is animal Value or level of confidence carry out the speed safeguarding vehicle 30 in limiting field, even if animal is not determined to currently safeguarding that vehicle is driven Sail in district.If estimating to only exist less animal and there is a possibility that, then can allow animal vehicle 30 stand one or The specific region of the solar energy field of multiple constraints operates.This type of constraint can include but not limited to constraint of velocity, in order to clean The water when water of heliostat or the use of clean solution, cleaning heliostat or the Peak Flow Rate of clean solution, noise constraints and/or Safeguard other operating parameters of vehicle.

With reference now to Fig. 7, safeguard that vehicle 30 operates with such as by cleaning the reflective of heliostat 12 in solar energy field 16 Heliostat 12 is safeguarded on the surface of mirror 13.Safeguard that vehicle 30 by the permanent driver's compartment 42 of radial directed and vertically forever can be driven Sail district 40 close to solar energy field 16.Therefore the various sections of heliostat 12 are separated from each other and allow to safeguard by driver's compartment 40 and 42 Vehicle 30 is close to heliostat.Safeguard that the operation of vehicle can depend on the animal or such as of the such as Testudinis 72 in specific driver's compartment 40 The position on the animal habitat ground in cave 74.Along with safeguarding that vehicle 30 advances along driver's compartment 40, if it runs into habitat 74, then It turns back along its road and attempts walking around habitat 74.Such as, safeguard vehicle 30 can from top close to habitat, thus Can close to its by from bottom close to and the heliostat that can not arrive.If safeguarding that vehicle 30 is when advancing along driver's compartment 40 Run into the animal 72 of movement, then can reduce cleaning speed and drive safeguarding to leave before vehicle 30 arrives this position providing animal Sail the sufficient time in district 30.

Alternately or additionally, safeguard that vehicle 30 can wait before advancing along the passage of design in driver's compartment 40 straight Driver's compartment is left to animal.Can wait in view of being blocked by animal based on estimating that the time in driver's compartment is determined by animal Or pursue and replace passage.(such as, can estimate that Testudinis will spend in driver's compartment than the animal faster moved according to species identification More time), in 1 year the time and/or for particular animals solar energy field in historical record speed carry out this estimate. In the case of estimating that time quantum is less than predetermined threshold, then safeguard that vehicle can suspend along passage until animal is not logical in stop Road.Otherwise, safeguard that vehicle can advance to avoid blocking along replacing passage.

In another example, control system 60 can be controlled so that the time period of prolongation will be reached in the channel in response to animal The prediction probability that calculated or require to avoid cleaning in the case of the flux of heliostat in the operation of solar column system Some heliostat.Therefore the cleaning of heliostat can be postponed a period of time, the most several hours, several days, several week or other Time period.Time between the identification of dirty heliostat and cleaning can be stored in such as memorizer 64 and store in response to this Data are cleaned dispatching (being such as prioritized).It is probably dirty owing to not cleaning the minute surface of heliostat, thus fixed Solar eyepiece insolation is directed to tower 18 aspect may be less effective, thus reduce system effectiveness；But, being subject in solar energy field Threaten or coexisting of endangered animal species can overweight this reduction of system effectiveness.

With reference now to Figure 88, can add in a part for solar energy field 16 by grid system 88, animal 72 is determined For being positioned in this part.As time goes on (continuously or discretely) animal or the position of animal population, example can be monitored It is attached to representative animal 72 or the wireless lebal of multiple animal as used.Animal 72 can be along leading in solar energy field Road 80 advances.In each equal time portion, the point 86 along passage 80 can be recorded.The gathering of point 86 can imply that specific Position is the habitat 74 for animal 72.Such as, the position hint animal 72 of the point 86 in grid 82 will be in this grid 82 Spend its most of the time.Therefore grid 82 can be categorized as have habitat 74 wherein, and maintenance cart can be forbidden 30 through grid 82.Additionally or alternatively, can be by unrelated with grid and comprise the arbitrary shape 84 of many time points 86 Specify habitat position.

Alternately or additionally, can be with the every day of analyzing animal 72 or annual Move Mode to predict the position/shifting of animal 72 Move or determine the position of habitat 74.For example, it is possible to monitor the movement of animal (or a treated animal) within a predetermined period of time, such as Several days, one week, one month or even some months.Based on these data, can be as the letter of time in time or a year in a day Number predicts where animal or fauna are normally at.Therefore can forbid safeguarding that vehicle enters predicted position in those time. Such as, Testudinis may the most earlier the time (or the special time in a year) spend more time in the first region, and And when closer to night (or another time in 1 year) spend more time in the second area.Therefore dimension can be forbidden Protect the vehicle relatively early time in one day or carry out in the second area operating in the first region when closer to night or It is at least allowed to operate in the case of having some constraint.

In an embodiment, can exist in the field 16 of heliostat 12 can be close for having ready conditions of certain maintenance vehicle 30 Passage or driver's compartment 90 of having ready conditions.Driver's compartment 90 of having ready conditions refers at the illuminator 13 of heliostat 12 being adjacent to driver's compartment The only come-at-able special modality by solar energy field 16 of certain maintenance vehicle 30 when specific orientation.Such as, reference Fig. 9, Condition driver's compartment 90 is there are between a pair heliostat 12 of solar energy field 16.When the illuminator of heliostat 12 is in basic horizontal Orientation 13_HTime, safeguard the width W of vehicle_BMore than the width between the end of illuminator, thus prevent from safeguarding that vehicle is along passage 90 pass through.When the illuminator of heliostat 12 is in substantially vertical orientation 13_vTime, safeguard the width W of vehicle_BProp up less than heliostat Distance W between support structure 15_HC, thus allow to safeguard that vehicle passes through along passage 90.

Heliostat used herein can include single illuminator (see for example 36) or can rotate series connection with rigid body The mirror assembly of one or more illuminators (seeing Figure 37) that ground rotates.The mirror assembly 13 of specific heliostat 12 is permissible Have by coordinate pair such as in order in preset timeThe orientation limited, wherein, θ_iRepresent the elevation angle andRepresent azimuth.Heliostat 12 can have one or two rotary freedom, and can describe according to the elevation angle/azimuth Or represent this rotation in any other manner.

In order to safeguard that vehicle 30 passes through along passage 90 of having ready conditions, it is not necessary to illuminator to be arranged in the position of perpendicular Put 13_v.On the contrary, can by heliostat 12 and safeguard vehicle 30 be designed and arranged to allow illuminator 13 be in be different from vertical Angle.For example, it is possible to the width W at the top of vehicle 30 will be safeguarded_TWith the width W safeguarded at the bottom of vehicle 30_BIt is designed to i.e. Make as shown in Figure 9 when illuminator 13 and vertical 13_vWhen differently positioning, allow also to safeguard that vehicle 30 passes through along passage 90.

On the contrary, the heliostat 12 in other parts of field 16 can be the most closely spaced so that even if working as illuminator 13 are arranged in substantially perpendicular orientation 13_vTime, distance W between adjacent heliostat supporting construction 15_HBAgain smaller than maintenance cart Width W_B.Therefore, can be with the distance of Shortcomings to allow to safeguard that vehicle 30 is by regardless of whether reflective between heliostat Mirror orientation how.Certain maintenance vehicle between adjacent heliostat close to depending on safeguarding the size of vehicle 30, heliostat 12 Size, the structure of heliostat 12, the layout of heliostat 12 and/or heliostat 12 between the combination of separating distance.Can be by This type of heliostat is referred to as concealed heliostat, because it safeguards that vehicle 30 is the most close.

Figure 10-Figure 11 relates to wherein safeguarding that vehicle 30 can not also pass through in the region taken by heliostat 12 Condition.In Figure 10-Figure 11, the center of each heliostat (or barycenter or supporting construction) is depicted as round dot, heliostat anti- Light microscopic 13 is represented as rectangle, and it can rotate around this round dot, and the range of movement of the illuminator 13 in plane graph is by table The circle being shown as around round dot.Figure 10-Figure 11 has been simplified and has assumed that the region of each heliostat is continuous print and is shaped as circle. This rough schematic view should be interpreted as restrictive.Additionally, Figure 10-Figure 11 relates to from 3d space to the projection in 2D space, i.e. Plane or birds-eye view.It will be appreciated that the stop feature of any heliostat can be relevant with the 3D heliostat with any shape Any mode is applied.Therefore the mirror assembly of heliostat can have any shape, and heliostat itself can have and appoints What configuration.

As shown in the left side of Figure 10, vehicle 30 can be along passage 90 of having ready conditions through solar energy field, because being adjacent to lead to The illuminator 13 of the heliostat 12 in road 90 is in the distance bigger than the width of vehicle 30 due to the orientation of illuminator 13.So And, when illuminator 13 is differently oriented about the group 100 of heliostat 12, passage is blocked and stops vehicle 30 to pass through group 100, as shown in the right side of Figure 10.It is noted that while the illuminator 13 in as directed group 100 implys that vertical orientated, But this diagram also may indicate that in substantial horizontal orientation or hinders the illuminator 13 in any other orientation of passage.

With reference now to Figure 11, the layout of the heliostat 12 combined with the size safeguarding vehicle 30A is so that unconditional Ground resistance keeps off a car a 30A through the section 110 of heliostat 12.Even if vehicle 30A can in bottom row by a pair heliostat (i.e., There is enough width gaps), due to the obstruction caused by the heliostat in the second row, it is possible to stop vehicle to further pass through ?.Especially, the length and width of the vehicle 30A combined with the layout between heliostat and spacing prevent vehicle 30A along Passage is turned to avoid and the collision of the heliostat in the second row.

On the contrary, safeguard that vehicle 30B is shorter than in length and safeguard vehicle 30A, but there is identical width.Although preventing from safeguarding Vehicle 30A by section 110 through the field of heliostat 12, but safeguard size that vehicle 30B reduces due to it and can be along having Condition passage 114 moves.It should also be noted that the heliostat 12 of the passage 114 that can control to be adjacent to have ready conditions and make it again fixed To with along with safeguarding that vehicle 30B is along before passage 114 and then adapt to it and turn and mobile.

Finally, safeguard that vehicle 30C is shorter than in length and safeguard vehicle 30A or 30B, but have identical Breadth Maximum and Circular front shape.Although safeguarding that vehicle 30B forces, such as it, the heliostat needing to be adjacent to its passage 114 through field Redirect, but safeguard that vehicle 30C is sufficiently small so that it can be maintained at unanimously at the illuminator 13 of heliostat 12 Turn in the case of on position and move along passage 116.Therefore, the concept of concealed heliostat and/or concealed position is (right Than have ready conditions can close to heliostat or have ready conditions can approximated position) be the layout based on vehicle and heliostat, particularly vehicle Size or radius of turn.

In an embodiment, the island of the concealed heliostat in solar energy field 16 can be with permanent driver's compartment and/or have ready conditions Can be border close to driver's compartment 90.Such as, as shown in figure 12, safeguard that vehicle 30 can be along the circumference in solar energy field 16 for a pair The passage 90 of having ready conditions of orientation advances.According to one or more contemplated example, passage 90 of having ready conditions can also is that difformity 's.Such as, passage 90 of having ready conditions can be along radial directed or the line of tangential orientation, along by the crenellation pattern of field, Along any other pattern or combinations of patterns or advance even along random.Although all illuminators 13 quilt along passage 90 It is shown in the position of perpendicular to allow to safeguard that vehicle 30 passes through, but it is also contemplated that illuminator 13 is according to " instant (just-in-time) " agreement operates, and is the most only directed in order to allow dimension when safeguarding vehicle close to illuminator 13 Protect the position that vehicle 30 passes through.Therefore, the major part of passage 90 may be intercepted by illuminator 13, and it continues the reception in collimation tower Machine, until needing to redirect to allow to safeguard that vehicle 30 passes through.

This same " immediately " concept can also be applied to illuminator 13 to be safeguarded, such as when replacing mirror assembly Time.In other words, concealed heliostat 12 makes insolation focus on receiver by continuing, until approaching the clear of specific heliostat 12 Clean.The obstruct of the heliostat sight line during maintenance activity can be taken into account by the additional control of heliostat.Such as, one is safeguarded Or multiple heliostat (such as using arm 36B) can stop from not requiring to safeguard or through safeguard one or many The reflection insolation of individual heliostat so that it is the appointment aiming point on the target in tower 18 can not be arrived.Therefore, it can make provisionally the settled date Mirror aims to avoid the stop caused by arm 36B/cover again.

It should also be noted that the position of passage 90 needs not be one group of passage or rule passage (the most as shown in figure 12 concentric Circular channel).On the contrary, passage 90 can be special channel and/or irregular passage.Safeguard that vehicle 30 can be with heliostat Suitably control to select it close with allow between it by route of solar energy field 16.Therefore, at any time, may go out Existing is safeguard vehicle 30 itself be hidden in solar energy field 16 internal and do not have any specific leaving channel be it will be evident that but Be heliostat 12 suitably control passage can be allowed to open along with safeguarding vehicle 30 to move.This type of special channel can also be used Avoid the animal in solar energy field and/or its habitat.For example, it is possible to it is special by optionally select by heliostat Passage and control to safeguard that vehicle is motor-driven around animal and/or animal habitat ground.The settled date along this special channel can be controlled Mirror is to allow to safeguard that vehicle passes through.

Heliostat 12 away from passage 90 is not that vehicle 30 can be immediately adjacent to；Alternatively, middle heliostat stops directly Close.In order to arrive these hiding heliostats 12, it is attached to safeguard that one or more arm 36B of vehicle 30 can cross centre Heliostat 12.Arm 36B can include that one or more cleaning end 36C is simultaneously to clean multiple heliostat.Cleaning end 36C Can include brush or short range ejector filler or spraying apparatus, it can be grasped in distance less than 2m between equipment and minute surface Make.Safeguard that vehicle 30 passage 90 of can circumferentially having ready conditions continues, its tail stays the cleanest heliostat Section 130, as shown in figure 13.

Figure 14 illustrates from the top close to tower 18, i.e. close to the field of the heliostat 12 in terms of the position of receiver 20.Figure 15- Figure 21 illustrates the series of frames (frame) shown by the cleaning safeguarding heliostat that an embodiment of vehicle 150 is carried out. Especially, safeguard that vehicle 150 can advance along passage 90 of having ready conditions so that close to the heliostat 12 in field 16.It is adjacent to bar The heliostat of part passage orients along substantially perpendicular directions, thus allows vehicle 150 to move along passage 90.On the contrary, far Heliostat from passage 90 of having ready conditions orients to allow cleaning along substantially horizontal direction.

Safeguarding that vehicle 150 can include one or more cranes 152 with suspension rod 156, it can reach away from having In the heliostat field of condition passage 90.The cleaning equipment of roll-type cleaning equipment 154 or any other type can be by 156, suspension rod Support is to provide and contacting (seeing Figure 18-Figure 19) with the direct of illuminator 13.Can temporarily engage safeguarded on vehicle 150 Or multiple ground supports body 158 safeguards vehicle 150 to support during clean operation.

In an embodiment, heliostat density and/or arrange may not be throughout solar energy field 16 be consistent.On the contrary, Heliostat density can become according to the position in solar energy field 16.Such as, the heliostat at per unit angle the heliostat measured Density can increase towards outward flange (i.e. away from tower 18) compared with the inside of field 16.Heliostat density can be with the inside of on the scene 16 1.2,1.5,2,3 or 5 times are increased between part and the exterior section of field 16.

It it is the different settled dates in the region (or subregion) on land for the heliostat density of the regions/areas section of solar energy field The number of mirror is divided by the area of the regions/areas section on land.The regions/areas section on land can be any shape, includes but not limited to Rectangle, wedge shape, annular, triangle or any other shape.Should be appreciated that, in single solar energy field, some region is permissible There is some subregion of bigger heliostat density and there are other subregions of relatively low heliostat density.Such as, more connect Be bordering on given tower with bigger heliostat density and further from one or more towers with relatively low heliostat density to dispose heliostat can Can be favourable.

In another example, can be wherein it is believed that heliostat be the highest compared with the heliostat in other regions With bigger close in the region of effect (i.e. each heliostat guides less insolation due to such as cosine losses or geographical obstruction) Degree disposes heliostat.The region of " the most efficient " therefore can have more heliostat to compensate the efficiency reduced to increase The insolation amount at receiver it is directed to from the region of " the most efficient ".The region and " more of " the most efficient " can be selected Heliostat density in region efficiently " (or the number of heliostat, average reflector size or add up to reflector size with one Individual or in multiple one day, in time and/or one or more 1 year, substantially the same insolation total amount is directed to receiver by the time Place.In some embodiments it is possible to by contrary with increasing heliostat density, average reflector size or total reflector size The size of ground or in combination expansion field increases the number of the heliostat in the region of solar energy field.This type of be arranged in realization for The homogeneous flux distribution of the receiver in solar column or uniform temperature distribution aspect are probably favourable.Disclosed herein for Determine that the system and method for the position of the heliostat in solar energy field can manage realization receiver in solar column The distribution of this type of homogeneous flux and/or uniform temperature distribution.

Although not clearly requiring, but any embodiment described herein is referred to " single column " system, wherein, with tower 18 are associated and/or are configured to make insolation be redirected to tower 18 or part thereof of heliostat 12 the most only makes insolation be redirected to Single tower 18, even if more than one tower 18 is positioned at given solar power system place.This feature can apply to any fixed Solar eyepiece or heliostat group (such as north field heliostat and/or south field heliostat and/or western field heliostat and/or field, east heliostat). In certain embodiments, insolation is not redirected to other towers from the heliostat being associated with single tower 18.

In (for example, at least 1 week, at least 1 month, at least 3 months, at least 6 months, at least 9 months, extremely a period of time Few 1 year, at least 2 years or at least 3 years) in, can actually by make insolation be redirected to solar column 18 heliostat 12 or Heliostat group is arranged so that by heliostat 12, by each heliostat 12 of group or all insolations of being altered course by whole group Less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 3% or less than 1% other towers 18 of sensing rather than the appointment sun Can tower 18.

Any embodiment disclosed herein is referred to " multitower " system, wherein it is possible to make to be associated too with the first tower Heliostat in sun energy field redirects to be directed at the second tower insolation.Especially, in some embodiments it is possible to replace Make to aim at different tower to realize the uniformity of the one or more receivers in tower from the heliostat of solar energy field Target (i.e. uniform temperature on receiver surface or homogeneous flux).Time and/or some is in 1 year time in some is one day, One or more in the heliostat being associated with the first tower may less efficiently (such as due to cosine losses), if To solving, this may cause flux/temperature unevenness.In order to avoid this type of situation, can make from the second solar column It is relevant to the first solar column to help compensate for that heliostat aims at (such as, by control system of heliostat or system user) again The less efficient heliostat of connection.In some cases, it is believed that again aimed at the heliostat to the first solar column It it is the heliostat of " more efficient " for the second solar column.Therefore, it can make the heliostat of some " more efficient " again Aim at and become the heliostat of " the most efficient " to realize uniformity objective.

When term is in the size of the independent heliostat the most efficiently referred in terms of tower and/or a specific day/year Between ratio between the insolation amount and the physical size of heliostat that are reflected by independent heliostat.Therefore, when from being positioned at the Northern Hemisphere too Sun can the top down of tower on field when seeing, south heliostat that be likely to be due to cosine effect and seem less than equivalent size Northern heliostat with identical location.The independent heliostat efficiency parameters of the heliostat that term is disposed on a position refers to The chi of heliostat that will appear when not having in the case of other heliostats at the top of tower or near it in field in terms of target Very little.Term independent heliostat efficiency parameters can be interchangeably used with the geometrical efficiency of heliostat.

Distance between tower and heliostat relates to the distance between barycenter and the position of heliostat of the tower at ground level.Fixed The position of solar eyepiece is defined as the ground level of heliostat barycenter and projects downwards.Distance between two heliostats is its each position Between Descartes's distance.The size of heliostat or the area of heliostat are the areas of all illuminators of its mirror array. Some heliostat can include such as single illuminator 13 shown in Figure 36.For these single illuminator heliostats, settled date The size of mirror is the area of single illuminator.Multiple illuminator heliostats can have one or more heliostat motor so that anti- Light microscopic in series rotates to follow the sun.Such as, many illuminators heliostat can include a pair illuminator 13A, 13B, such as Figure 37 Shown in.For these many illuminators heliostats, size is the sum of the illuminator area of all illuminators for heliostat.

Table 1: the example of heliostat size

Total reflector size or the total reflector size of the heliostat in the regions/areas section being deployed in land are lands (the total area of the most all illuminators, the most each heliostat carries all heliostats in the regions/areas section/sub-segments on ground There is the mirror assembly of one or more illuminator) total/add up to size.Various heliostats in this land can be reflective Mirror assembly includes any number of illuminator.Heliostat in the regions/areas section for being deployed in land can also be calculated Total illuminator density or total illuminator density as total reflector size or add up to reflector size and land area or sub-district Ratio between the area in territory.Units of measurement for heliostat density is the heliostat number of per unit area, such as every m²'s Heliostat.On the other hand, illuminator density is the most dimensionless, such as the illuminator area of per unit land surface. Basic orientation refers to positive north, due east, due south and Zheng Xi (in any sequence).Being referred to as the time at dusk can be at the local sun Time 1PM after, any time after 2PM or after 3PM, simultaneously its can at sunset, 15 minutes before sunset, 30 minutes before sunset, before sunset 60 minutes, before sunset 90 minutes or the most before sunset end in 2 hours.

At the top of solar column or its neighbouring position can be at most the 25% of height of tower at top, the height of tower At most the 20% of degree, at most the 15% of height of tower, at most the 10% of height of tower, at most 15% or the height of tower of the height of tower In the tolerance of at most the 5% of degree.Relative at the top of tower or its neighbouring the non-of one or more targets topples over (non- Dumping) time period be the flux being thus incident on target be the peaking flux being incident on target at most 95%, at most 90%, at most 85% or the time period of at most 80%.This peaking flux can be as peak value every day for given one day Flux, for given month as monthly peaking flux or for the given time as annual peaking flux. Generally, this non-dumping time section is not at night or without insolation or extremely low insolation time period.During non-dumping time section, The amount of flux can be incident at the top of tower or on its neighbouring target at least the 15% of peaking flux, at least 20%, extremely Few 30%, at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60%.Such as, non-dumping time section can in the morning, afternoon and/or winter Period occurs.But, this is not to limit, and can depend on one or more physical parameters of solar power system.

When carrying out reference side's grid relative to open embodiment, if foursquare turning is mesh point, then just can make Square grid in square is directed at turning.The mesh parameter of the distance side of the being grid between horizontal and vertical proximity network lattice point.Ring X% side's grid in square has mesh parameter, and its length is the x% of the length around foursquare limit.Such as, with by Point { (x₁,y₁,(x₁,y₂),(x₂,y₁) and (x₂,y₂) the given 1% side's grid being directed at around foursquare turning will be {(x₁,y₁),(x₁+0.01*(x₂-x₁),y₁)、(x₁+0.02*(x₂-x₁),y₁)....(x₁+0.99*(x₂-x₁),y₁),(x₂, y₁),(x₁,y₁+0.01*(y₂-y₁)),(x₁+0.01*(x₂-x_l),y₁+0.01*(y₂-y₁)), etc. place has mesh point,

Figure 22 is the schematic diagram representing the solar energy field with heliostat 12, and each heliostat 12 is configured to follow the sun And make insolation be redirected to central tower 18.Such as, this solar energy field can comprise more than 50,000 heliostat, although according to one Or multiple contemplated example, it is also possible to there is the heliostat of other numbers.Solar energy field 16 can include that one or more radial direction is fixed To driver's compartment 42.Circumferential orientation driver's compartment 40 can be by the exterior section 220 of heliostat 12 and the heliostat 12 close to tower 18 Interior section 222 demarcate.Figure 23 shows the close-up illustration of a part for field 16, and it specifically illustrates at interior section Heliostat 12 in 222 has and those the different layouts in exterior section 220.The labelling on axle in Figure 23 represent with The distance (in units of rice) of tower 18.

Figure 24 identification 24 diverse locations in the solar energy field 16 discussed below with reference to heliostat density.Often Individual position can be such as 100m².Northern section 220N on the scene can arrange three positions along direction the most northwards Put L₁-L₃.In west section 220W the most on the scene, three position L can be arranged in the direction along substantially northwest₄-L₆.On the scene West section 220W in can arrange three position L along direction the most westwards₇-L₉.West the most on the scene Three position L can be arranged in direction along substantially southwest in section 220W and in southern section 220S the most on the scene₁₀- L₁₂.Southern section 220S the most on the scene can arrange three position L along direction the most to the south₁₃-L₁₅.Such as exist In the east section 220E of field, three position L can be arranged in the direction along the substantially southeast₁₆-L₁₈.Oriental realm the most on the scene Section 220E can arrange three position L along direction the most eastwards₁₉-L₂₁.Edge in east section 220E the most on the scene Substantially northeastward and can arrange three position L₂₂-L₂₄。

For closest to each position of tower, i.e. L₁、L₄、L₇、L₁₀、L₁₃、L₁₆、L₁₉And L₂₂Center can with tower The distance of 18 e.g., from about 350m.For each position farthest apart from tower, i.e. L₃、L₆、L₉、L₁₂、L₁₅、L₁₈、L₂₁And L₂₄In The heart can be in the distance with the e.g., from about 750m of tower 18.For each other positions, i.e. L₂、L₅、L₈、L₁₁、L₁₄、L₁₇、L₂₀With L₂₃Center can be in the distance with the e.g., from about 550m of tower 18.

Table 2 below shows the heliostat density value of the diverse location for identifying in fig. 24.The density listed in table 2 Value illustrates and the heliostat density design in the different quadrants of field or part can be become change, even if position with tower is otherwise Equidistant.It addition, the heliostat density ratio of the position for similarly positioning relative to tower can be such as the distance with tower Function and change.Such as, north and south heliostat density ratio can increase along with the distance with tower.

In order to illustrate, position L₁₃And L₁It is shown in the southern field 220S at same distance and north section 220N Density is different.Can be for the position similarly positioned relative to tower 18 in south section 220S and north section 220N Define north and south density ratio.Especially, for L₁₃And L₁For；North and south density ratio is 2.32/2.09=1.11.By L₁₄Value and L₂ Value compares and obtains the north and south density ratio of 2/1.66=1.2.By L₁₅Value and L₃Value compares and obtains the south of 1.62/1.25=1.3 North density ratio.Therefore, by increasing the distance with tower 18, between the same position (i.e. in the distance that tower 18 is equal) arranged North and south density ratio can increase.

Table 2: the density of the heliostat of the various location in solar energy field

Heliostat density in the southern part of solar energy field can exceed the heliostat in the northern part of solar energy field Density.Embodiment described in Figure 22-Figure 24 and Biao 2 can be applicable to solar energy field on the Northern Hemisphere.In the Southern Hemisphere, this knot Fruit will be contrary.In other words, in the Southern Hemisphere, the heliostat density in the northern part of solar energy field will exceed solar energy field Southern part in heliostat density.

In on the Northern Hemisphere, south heliostat is likely to be due to cosine effect and trends towards being weaker than its north correspondence positioned equally Thing.On the contrary, in the Southern Hemisphere, north heliostat is likely to be due to cosine effect and trends towards being weaker than its south correspondence positioned equally Thing.Then in the region with more weak heliostat, (region relative to having stronger heliostat) is disposed with the density increased Heliostat is to provide additional insolation reflectance to be probably favourable to compensate or to compensate this weakness at least in part.Work as reception When facility have north and the south of substantially the same size, the south part of solar energy field is (i.e. in the most efficient district Territory) in the heliostat density of increase the heat flux evenly realizing on the surface of receiver or uniform temperature can be helped to divide Cloth.Additionally or alternatively, more weak heliostat can include bigger illuminator.

Furthermore it is also possible to definition thing density ratio.In order to illustrate, position L₇And L₁₉It is shown in the west at same distance Density in side section 220W and east section 220E is different.Can be at west section 220W and east section 220E In the position that similarly positions relative to tower 18 to define thing density ratio.Especially, for L₇And L₁₉For, north and south density ratio It is 2.14/2.08=1.03.By L₈Value and L₂₀Value compares and obtains the north and south density ratio of 1.88/1.75=1.05.By L₉Value with L₂₁Value compares and obtains the north and south density ratio of 1.52/1.4=1.08.Therefore, by increasing the distance with tower 18, same layout Thing density ratio between position (i.e. in the distance that tower 18 is equal) can increase.

Heliostat density in the western part 220W of solar energy field can exceed in east part 220E of solar energy field Heliostat density.The electricity charge of the electricity in afternoon hours can be more than the electricity charge of the electricity in morning sessions.Therefore, may be used So that the placement optimization of heliostat the most described herein is so that power generation in afternoon and/or maximum to the afternoon insolation of tower 18 Changing to realize insolation or the flux of aspiration level on the most several hours periods receiver in tower 18, this may be used for Income or income/field cost function is made to maximize or at least increase.This type of income/field cost function can be by the density of heliostat Or the total size of number and/or illuminator or illuminator density takes into account, such as with catch each heliostat income or Illuminator capital cost certain than or other functions.For example, it is possible to make the placement optimization of heliostat with the most several little Substantially uniform insolation is obtained on all flux receiving surfaces of receiver around time during.In another example, permissible Make the placement optimization of heliostat so that being incident on, in the face of the most several hours periods, there is the solar energy of poor efficiency heliostat Insolation amount or flux on the receiver surface of field areas maximize or at least increase.Afternoon power generation maximization and/or To tower insolation in afternoon maximization and/or in the afternoon period realize on the receiver uniform insolation/flux can with morning electricity Power produce and/or to tower insolation in morning and/or in the morning during to realize uniform insolation/flux on the receiver be cost, because of The total amount of sum and/or illuminator area for being deployed in the heliostat in solar energy field is probably fixing and/or is subject to Constraint.

When design has excellent for power in afternoon of a limited number of heliostat (such as due to budget or geographic constraint) During the solar energy field first produced, western part that can be on the scene is arranged more greater number of heliostat than east part.Even if field West section in heliostat location same with east section on the scene heliostat compared with receive the amount side of insolation at tower Face may the most weak (i.e. the most efficient), for produce improve the standard afternoon electric power purpose, should Heliostat is arranged can also preferred these more weak west heliostats.

In order to design solar energy field, can set up cost function, its constraint can be included at least two basic orientation The sum of the heliostat disposed in the solar energy field of the part in (such as north and south, thing) and/or total illuminator area.May require that Solar energy field has the power generation and/or anti-to the total insolation of raising of the target being associated with solar column in afternoon of raising Penetrate, even if altering course as cost with power generation in morning and/or from the morning insolation of heliostat to solar column target.In response to this one-tenth This function, can design and specify the heliostat layout disposed, and wherein, in a part on the scene, ratio is along contrary basic orientation Field a part in there is more heliostat (or the average reflector size or bigger of bigger heliostat density or bigger Add up to reflector size), such as, the northern part of the same orientation of greater number of heliostat contrast in the southern part of field. Alternately or additionally, it is possible to use this cost function designs solar energy field, wherein, than district in the Orient in west section on the scene Dispose more heliostat in Duan and/or dispose with bigger density than in section in the Orient in the section of west.This deployment is permissible According to any scheme and/or feature, include but not limited to any combination of scheme disclosed herein and/or feature.

Figure 25 represents the region of the solar energy field wherein deploying heliostat.One part of solar energy field can be the north Square area 252.Another part of solar energy field can be south square area 254, and it is substantially across being with tower 28 The mirror image of the northern areas 252 of the east axle at center.Northern areas 252 and both regions 254, south and basic orientation can be made Alignment, i.e. two vertical edges in figure are parallel to North and South direction, and two horizontal sides in figure are parallel to east-west direction.North district Territory 252 and both regions 254, south can have substantially the same thing skew, i.e. move from the north and south axle centered by tower 18 Position.For region 252, south, permissible between the vector 259 from the center 256 of the center of tower 18 to northern areas 252 There is the angle of deviation 257.For region 254, south, can from the center of tower 18 to the center 258 in region 254, south Similar angle of deviation (not shown) is defined between vector (not shown).Owing to northern areas 252 and region 254, south are mutual North and south mirror image, so its angle of deviation 257 must be identical.

North and south and the concept of thing mirror image is illustrated in Figure 26-Figure 27.For the north and south mirror image in the region on land, thing The angle of deviation 267 is identical for two regions, such as region 262 and the mirror image 264 thereof on land.Region for land Thing mirror image, the north and south angle of deviation 277 is identical for two regions, such as region 272 and the mirror image 278 thereof on land 's.As shown in Figure 28-Figure 29, can check many sub regions 283A-D, 287A-D, it can may not be separate (ginseng See 293A-B and 297A-B in Figure 29), it is completely contained in northern areas 282 or region 284, south.For example, it is possible to by having The little square having center 285A defines the less subregion 283A in the square area 282 of the north.

As shown in figure 30, in order to region 302 is completely maintained in large area 300, region 302 can be only positioned at by its scope On the position of definition.The moving range 308 of little square 302 in bigger square 300 is with the rail of the point in bigger square Mark 306 is boundary, wherein, in the center 304 in region can be positioned so that region 302 is completely maintained in bigger square 300.This Scope 308 represents one group of possible position at little foursquare center 304.

Paragraphs below is applicable to tower-heliostat system based on the Northern Hemisphere, wherein, the sum of the southern heliostat of tower (or total reflector size of all heliostats) exceedes the sum of the heliostat in the north of tower, and (or the total of all heliostats is anti- Light microscopic size).For system based on the Southern Hemisphere, the sum of the southern heliostat of tower (or the total of all heliostats is reflective Mirror size) sum (or total reflector size of all heliostats) of the heliostat in the north of tower will be exceeded.Therefore can lead to Cross and northern and southern narration is exchanged to illustrate that following description is applied to Southern Hemisphere embodiment by this feature.

With reference to Figure 28, can heliostat in the region 283A when the position of region 283A is in northern areas 282 Number and/or the north and south mirror image adding up to reflector size and the little square 283A in region 284, south of all heliostats Carry out first between the number of the heliostat in 287A and/or the total reflector size of all heliostats to compare.Can be for The north and south region 282,284 in different mirror area perform additional comparison, such as 283B Yu 287B, 283C Yu 287C with And 283D and 287D.Each sum comparing the heliostat that can relate in the least square 283A and the little square in south The total reflector size of all heliostats in the ratio of the sum of the heliostat in 287A and/or little square 283A and south The ratio adding up to reflector size of all heliostats in little square 287A.

As shown in figure 29, can first compare relate to region 293A, 297A and after a while relatively relate to region 293B, Performing this during 297B to compare, wherein, region 293A, 293B (with 297A, 297B therefore) are overlapped.With reference to Figure 30, also may be used So that sliding throughout its gamut 308 in region 302, such as by region 302 being moved minimum amount to cover gamut, The each point making scope 308 is accessed only once by the center 304 in region 302.Center 304 for region 302 may be located at Each point in scope 308 therein, such as in region 294, south, the north and south mirror-bit at the center 304 of domain of the existence 302 Put.

For each accessed position at the center 304 in the region 302 in scope 308, in the northern version in region 302 Heliostat in the southern version of the sum of heliostat and/or total reflector size contrast district 302 total and/or the most reflective Another of mirror size compares.This can perform for the bigger or the most infinitely-great several destination locations in scope 308.Cause This, can perform many and compare.In some embodiments it is possible to perform to compare when the center 304 in region 302 is moved.Replace Change ground or furthermore it is possible to make the center 304 in region 302 be confined to the size equal to scope 308, i.e. just be defined by scope 308 The movement of the 5% of the length on square limit, 0.1% or 0.01%.

Based on this displacement, the northern subregion according to the position in scope 308 open to discussion and its south mirror image pair Between thing one group (such as one big group) is answered to compare one by one.Comparing for this group, the great majority in this group relatively can show One or more in following characteristics: the number of the heliostat in (1) north subregion and south subregion is at least 2, 3,5 or 10 heliostats or at most 12,10,7,5 or 3 heliostats；(2) settled date in region, the such as region 287A of south Ratio between the sum of the heliostat in the sum of mirror and northern areas, such as region 283A is at least 1.01,1.02,1.03, 1.04,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.08,1.09,1.1,1.12,1.14,1.16,1.17,1.18,1.19 or 1.2；And (3) The total size of sum of heliostat in south region, such as region 287A and determining in northern areas, such as region 283A Between the total size of the sum of solar eyepiece contrast be at least 1.01,1.02,1.03,1.04,1.05,1.06,1.07,1.08, 1.09,1.1,1.12,1.14,1.16,1.17,1.18,1.19 or 1.2.Such as, in Figure 28, single comparison can compare district The total reflector size of total or all heliostat of the heliostat in 283A and 287A of territory, second compare can be in region Between 283B and 287B, the 3rd compare can between 283C and 287C of region, and the 4th compare can at region 283D and Between 287D.

Can be for the given position defined parameters α in solar energy field.Especially, α can define from given position to tower Distance and central tower or tower in target height between ratio.Therefore bigger compared with those with smaller value value represents The position that distance tower is farther.Such as, between large-sized solar field (i.e. more than 50000 heliostats) and about 130m and 140m Tower height degree, when the distance from ad-hoc location to tower is 550m, then α can be between about 3.9 and about 4.25.In embodiment In, northern areas 252 and the corresponding south majority in region 254, great majority or all can have more than 2.0,2.5,2.7, 3, the α of 3.25,3.5,3.75,4,4.25,4.5,4.75,5,6,7,8,9 or 10.

Figure 31-32 illustrates the change of the density in zones of different.Figure 31 represents the number of the heliostat in field, the north, and Figure 32 represents the number of the heliostat in field, south.Each heliostat have instruction field in relative density to the arest neighbors settled date The distance of mirror.In Figure 31-Figure 32, depict the number of heliostat for each nearest neighbor distance (in units of rice) Mesh.As from Figure 31-Figure 32 should it will be apparent that the north field and south field in heliostat arrange between there are differences.

In an embodiment, multiple single column solar energy field of common location can be provided in single geographical location, such as Figure 33 Shown in.For example, it is possible to provide four tower 18A-18D with respective solar energy field 330A-330D.In an embodiment, permissible Each 330A-330D is only made to be associated with its tower 18A-18D.Can be only configured to make insolation change by the heliostat in each field To its respective tower, the heliostat in 330A will be configured to only make insolation be redirected to tower 18A on the spot.In field 330C, 330C The most southern region 332,334 can define by line 336 in the south of all tower 18A-18D.Various principle described herein can To be applied to any 330A-330D or the combination of field.It is common that Figure 34-Figure 35 illustrates for tower and solar energy heliostat field Other configurations of location.In the example of Figure 35, it is believed that some part 352,354 is for specific a line solar energy field Southernmost for 350C, 350D, 350F.In an embodiment, from the region of any heliostat or heliostat to its respective tower Ratio distance and another the distance from any heliostat or heliostat field to tower can less than 0.9,0.7, 0.5,0.3,0.2,0.1 or 0.05.

In an embodiment, can be configured to the heliostat in one or more in field alternatively guide at different tower Insolation is to compensate less efficient heliostat.Such as, the tower 18A in Figure 33 " can use " south of field 330C from tower 18C Some heliostat (the most more efficient heliostat) in part is to compensate the heliostat in the southern part of field 330A (the most less Efficient heliostat).Therefore the heliostat used from the north part of field 330C (i.e. can be existed from for tower 18C The north of tower 18C) it is converted into for tower 18A (i.e. in the south of tower 18A) several in the most efficient orientation It is orientated the most efficiently on He, but, the heliostat number of the increase in the south now pointing to tower 18A compensates for field The efficiency of the reduction of the south part of 330A, and may be used for promoting the homogeneity condition of receiver, at least when in tower 18A When receiver has north and the south of substantially the same size.

The point schematic diagram of solar energy field is the figure in proportion describing the heliostat layout in solar energy field, thus, with single Round dot represents single heliostat, is each respectively positioned at each heliostat position (see for example Figure 41-49).Although some point Schematic diagram usually includes virtual link line or arc (it is described in above it arc or line deploying heliostat), but there is not this The requirement of sample.In the some schematic diagram of some prior art solar energy field, major part in the non local region of solar energy field or All heliostats are typically arranged according to orderly arc layout patterns (see for example Figure 38-Figure 39).Show in other prior aries In example, the layout of heliostat can be retrained so that with rule on the straight line through the sizable non local part of solar energy field Heliostat is disposed at interval then.In both cases, the heliostat in prior art systems is disposed on line with aturegularaintervals Or on arc/curve.

Figure 38-Figure 39 relates to the highly constrained and/or layout patterns of high-sequential, is particularly restrained to through solar energy The layout of the heliostat of the deployment on the line of field or arc.On the contrary, the embodiment of solar energy field disclosed herein includes wherein not (i.e. not used for the separate overall situation geometry on the border specifying region and/or field in the case of being constrained in any certain line or arc Constraint) make heliostat dispose the region of optimized solar energy field.Therefore when the point seeing open solar energy field with bigger ratio During schematic diagram (contrary with the little localized areas in the sizable region only considering heliostat layout), big in solar energy field Non local may not there is recognizable notable line chart case or notable arc pattern apart from interior.

In an embodiment, can be to promote to be mapped to day useful energy form more efficient of such as steam, electricity or Biomass The mode of rate conversion arranges heliostat.Can be by so that be constrained in the feelings of certain line or arc in the deployment not making heliostat Arrange under condition that the mode of these farther heliostats is disposed and be relatively farther from some of tower, most of or essentially all heliostat And make the efficiency optimization of solar column system.By loosening this type of constraint and by using one or more optimization routine (i.e., wherein this routine can enjoy more degree of freedom in sizable region of solar energy field, but is not necessarily whole ), can be compared to the efficiency realizing improvement for more orderly placement scheme.

The efficiency of solar energy field can relate to the insolation of the receiver pointed in tower of the function as capital investment cost Overall strength or amount.For example, it is possible to survey divided by certain tolerance of the gross area of the illuminator of heliostat as total reflectance Amount efficiency.It addition, the solar energy field obtained from optimization be likely to be due to the predefined passage by heliostat field shortage and more Add and be difficult to keep.The use of the driver's compartment of having ready conditions in the region of solar energy field can at the line in not having these regions or arc about Restraint, allow to safeguard vehicle allows field layout optimization in the case of accessing the heliostat in these regions simultaneously.

Heliostat in the one or more regions not making solar energy field is disposed in the case of being constrained in certain line or arc, It is one or more that the layout obtained from extensive optimization routine can show following characteristics:

(1) when watching some schematic diagram (or quite a few of field) of field, the settled date in the perimeter of solar energy field Mirror is not necessarily deployed in global lines layout and/or overall situation arc layout (or combinations thereof).Such as, the perimeter of the field of heliostat Can be at least 2 times of the height for tower, 2.5 times, 3 times, 3.5 times or the distance of 4 times.

(2) even if total layout patterns of perimeter is not constrained in global lines or arc pattern, the most there is not heliostat necessary Avoid the requirement that local pattern is disposed.Alternatively, the localization pattern of some can be observed.For example, it is possible to there is the settled date Certain localization of mirror interrupts crenellation pattern, wherein, there is the many being interrupted each other and dispose throughout whole field fixed Solar eyepiece zigzag cluster.

In an embodiment, the method for calculating heliostat layout can include global optimization, meta-heuristic and/or its His computing technique.This type of calculating of heliostat layout can take wherein heliostat layout to there is no the non local district with field The mode of the constraint (being i.e. not limited to the deployment on line or arc) that the orderly or arc on territory/line domination pattern is associated.Can use Relatively high heliostat field insolation changed course efficiency parameters carrys out the heliostat layout that characterization result obtains.Optimization can be based on making In one or more one day the time and/or in one or more 1 year the time by one or more parts of solar energy field Maximization is sheltered on covered ground or ground that the target from solar column (or top) that heliostat realizes is seen.

Figure 38-Figure 39 represents first (" field 1 ") layout 380,390 in order, and wherein, heliostat 12 is deployed in central tower On the RADIAL 384 initiated on concentric circular 382 around and/or at tower.Figure 40-Figure 41 represent be not constrained in certain line or Second (" field 2 ") in heliostat layout in each several part of the field being optimised in the case of arc.Relative to Figure 38-figure Both second (fields 2) in first (field 1) of 39 and Figure 40-Figure 41, only illustrate wired number for the sake of understanding Heliostat；But, the practical embodiments of solar energy field can include being deployed in e.g., from about 4km²Area in more than 50000 Heliostat.This heliostat can be of similar shape, size and height.Two fields all with lead to tower 18 four radial directions just Road 42 is characterized, such as, as shown in figure 42.

Figure 42-Figure 49 illustrate appear on the scene 1 arc constrained layout (i.e. Figure 42, Figure 44, Figure 46 and Figure 48) and field 2 optimization without Contrast between constrained layout (i.e. Figure 43, Figure 45, Figure 47 and Figure 49).Especially, Figure 43 represents northeast part 400NE of field, Figure 45 represents that the Counties of North-west Five 400NW, Figure 47 of field represent southeast part 400SE of field, and Figure 49 represents the southwestern part of field 400SW。

In on the scene 2, at the heliostat (such as in middle section 402) close to tower 10 and the heliostat away from tower 17 The difference in terms of layout is there is between (such as in perimeter 400).Can be fixed by remote heliostat (in perimeter 400) Justice is to have the ratio of the tower of at least 2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5,7.5 or 10-between heliostat distance and the height of tower Heliostat.In middle section 402, can with more in order, the most intensive layout arrange heliostat (be such as constrained in line or Arc), simultaneously can be not optimum to the deployment of the heliostat made in the case of any constraint of line or arc in perimeter 400 Change.

Multizone scheme can be disposed, wherein, for the region close to tower 18, such as region 402, advise with certain Then lattice disposes heliostat.This regular grid pattern or other kinds of loading (packing) pattern can improve fixed Solar eyepiece loads and/or makes it maximize, even to use too much heliostat or too much to add up to illuminator area to make every illuminator Area tolerance maximizes as cost.In these closed areas, significant heliostat layout patterns can be the net of very well ordered Grid pattern, such as triangular grid pattern or hexagon close loading pattern.For the region further from tower 18, such as region 400, wherein heliostat is away from tower 18, in the case of not considering specific pattern or desired placement scheme, disposes optimum Change.In an embodiment, can be at the top of tower or its neighbouring position (or position on any other ground) ground of seeing Face coverage and by not requiring that the heliostat on line or rule arc/curve is disposed (or by requiring the settled date on line or arc Mirror layout but and further constrained layout thus it requires the layout of most of heliostats being in aturegularaintervals on line or arc) come Make heliostat layout optimization.This type of optimizes and can cause for giving the relatively high of heliostat density and/or illuminator density The ground that the illuminator of level causes is covered.This by the heliostat realization of the one or more positions in solar energy field is relative High-caliber covered ground can be used for promoting that solar radiation is useful to the more efficient conversion of useful energy.

The concept of covered ground (or ground cover) is discussed below with reference to Figure 50-Figure 52.Cover whenever mentioning ground at this During lid (or ground is covered or ground is sheltered or ground stops), it is about the height in solar column, such as being somebody's turn to do at tower Solar energy field is seen at top or its neighbouring position.When certain region guarded the threshing floor from specific viewing location 500, such as from too Sun can tower 18 top at or its neighbouring receiver 20 (or other targets), some part on ground will be from viewing location 500 Visible, and the illuminator 13 being intended to be directed to insolation the heliostat 12 at receiver 20 is hidden by other parts on ground Cover.Viewing location 500 can correspond to the heliostat 12 position while following the sun on the target 20 of its reflection insolation (i.e. Aiming point on target or receiver 20).When the region that limits of solar energy field has the heliostat of greater number and/or has ratio too Sun can the heliostat of the big illuminator area in other regions of field time, this may cause wherein this restriction region to have higher degree The situation of covered ground.

In addition to heliostat density and/or illuminator density, for wherein deploying the specific of the solar energy field of heliostat The covered ground in region can depend on many additive factorss, includes but not limited to: time in (1) one day in time and/or 1 year Between；(2) geographical position of solar energy field；(3) the actual heliostat cloth of the part of the solar energy field of its covered ground is being analyzed Office (geometry of such as heliostat, the distance between such as heliostat, the angle connecting the vector of heliostat or heliostat layout Any other aspect)；(4) size of each heliostat, shape or height；(5) tower height (or its height and position permissible It is the height that may not be the viewing location that the position with solar energy target such as receiver 20 overlaps)；And (6) are from solar energy Tower is to the distance of this part (the most determining or analyzing the part of its covered ground) of solar energy field.

In an embodiment, can be for the time in time and/or 1 year in one or more one day in solar energy field Covered ground is analyzed in one or more positions.For example, it is possible to analyze one or more heliostat layout and according to by heliostat The covered ground that layout provides distributes mark.Viewing location can be at solar column or the position of its neighbouring solar energy target Put.Can distribute point according to the time in selected one day or in 1 year or according to certain time average or time-weighted average Number.Alternately or additionally, mark can be calculated by analyzing the covered ground on the multiple positions in solar energy field.For inciting somebody to action The heliostat of the given number being deployed in the given area on land and/or the heliostat illuminator of intended size, can exist Many potential heliostat layouts.When heliostat is not limited to the deployment on line or rule arc/curve, potential heliostat layout Number in fact can be sizable.Each in these potential heliostat layouts can be from different covered ground marks It is associated.

Embodiment described herein can relate to produce describe in central tower solar thermal power plants at least some of fixed The technology of the solar energy field layout of the position of solar eyepiece.Can perform heliostat configuration space search with analyze covered ground or Other parameters derived from covered ground.Search volume corresponding to the space of possible heliostat placement scheme can be the biggest 's.As attempt use brute-force technology replacement, Global Optimization Algorithm For Analysis can make at least 50 in the heliostat in field, 100, 500, the position optimization of 1000 or 5000.It is, for example possible to use Global Optimization Algorithm For Analysis determines for solar energy field The deployed position (that is, there is the heliostat of at least twice more than tower height degree to tower distance) of the heliostat in perimeter and not This deployment is made to be constrained in certain line or arc.

The given covered ground that optimization instrument can be used to obtain in the big search volume of heliostat layout is led Go out function or the approximation of overall optimum of the given part for heliostat field.Optimization instrument can include but not limited to Global or local search is random/probability instrument, meta-heuristic algorithm, simulated annealing, hill climbing algorithm, genetic algorithm, dynamically Programming and/or ant group algorithm.Covered ground derives function can include that the total ground of the time average throughout field or the region of field is covered Lid.This time average ground coverage function can be in other day the time and/or other in 1 year several days preferential for cost Select some months in summer and/or the weighting function of the coverage of face larger in several hours of dusk.

In an embodiment, for determining that the method for solar energy field layout can include being initially selected for what heliostat was placed One or more parts of solar energy field.Position can be determined, in the large area of such as solar energy field for one group of heliostat Heliostat, this type of region composition at least the 50% of solar energy field, 70%, 80% or 90%.Use one or more optimization Technology, can generate the field placement scheme of the selected portion for solar energy field.Subsequently, can be according to the placement scheme generated Heliostat is arranged in solar energy field.

Placement scheme generate so that being realized by heliostat at the top of tower or in terms of its neighbouring position Covered ground or ground are covered can be by least partially optimization.Covered ground/cover can be only in solar energy field Heliostat in region makes insolation be redirected to the tolerance of total capacity at top (or near top) of solar column.Also may be used To use other to measure.Additionally or alternatively, for the one or more non local region of solar energy field, tower such as it is relatively distant from The region of solar energy field, when being used in the placement scheme optimization of one or more parts of solar energy field, can be not Placement scheme is determined in the case of being constrained in any certain line or arc.

Figure 50-Figure 52 can relate to the west heliostat being positioned at the west of tower 10 and viewing location/impact point 500, although The reasoning that is similar to can be obtained for the heliostat in other sections of solar energy field.With reference now to Figure 50, due to heliostat 12 Follow the sun with the impact point 500 insolation 14 being reflexed on receiver 20, the therefore orientation (example of the illuminator 13 of heliostat 12 Such as the elevation angle and/or azimuth) all change on whole daytime, from the orientation 13 in morning_MOOrientation 13 to afternoon_AF。

From viewing location 500, the existence of the illuminator 13 of heliostat 12 will cover ground.Due to time in different one day Between the different orientation of heliostat, the size in shielded region and/or position can change for each heliostat.Such as, by Orientation 13 in the illuminator in morning_MO, produce shielded region 502 relative to viewing location 500, simultaneously the illuminator in afternoon Orientation 13_AFLess shielded region 504 can be caused.For the time in any a day in the Northern Hemisphere, by the positive north at tower The independent heliostat of the given distance size in shielded region, ground that causes can be more than in the due south being deployed in tower The size in shielded region, ground that will be caused by same independent heliostat in the case of at same distance.In the Southern Hemisphere, this Situation will be contrary so that south heliostat can cause the more ground of each heliostat to hide compared with the heliostat of the corresponding north Cover.

Figure 51 illustrates two heliostats 12 in the west being both deployed in tower 10.The part 512 of illuminator 13 is relative Stopped by adjacent heliostat 12 in viewing location 500.In other words, anti-by by heliostat 12 of the insolation reflected by this part 512 Light microscopic 13 stops and can not arrive viewing location 500.This part 512 can be considered as wasting illuminator space, i.e. anti-at some Available illuminator space insolation being directed at receiver it is unused for during light microscopic orientation.It addition, by each illuminator 13 Overlap can be there is between the region covered, thus produce single shielded region 510 on the ground.By heliostat is farther Ground separates, as in figure 52, each illuminator the shielded ground region produced become independent and different region 520, 522, there is gap 524 in-between.This gap 524 represents on its ground currently arranged and do not covered by heliostat in orientation Region.Owing to this gap will be visible from viewing location 500, so it can represent wasting space, i.e. at some illuminator Land insolation being directed at receiver it is not used to during orientation.

Part 513 and/or the quilt of each illuminator 13 being blocked can be used in the optimization of heliostat field layout Distance between size and/or the shielded region of shaded areas, such as 510, the size in such as gap 524.Fixed by not making Solar eyepiece layout constraint is in certain line or arc and the covered ground being included every density range that above-mentioned covered ground considers by realization Optimum procedure, it is possible to obtain efficient heliostat layout.

Retrain by avoiding solar energy field layout is applied arc or line, can make the amount on ground covered by heliostat (i.e. A time point or within one or more time periods time average) optimization.In an embodiment, this can relate to wherein allowing Heliostat position depart significantly from can in solar energy field restrictive rule or in order any line of pattern or the situation of arc.Additionally Or alternatively, the deployment of heliostat can be made to be confined to such as concentric arc；But, the heliostat along each arc is placed can be The most irregular.Additionally or alternatively, the deployment of heliostat can be constrained in centered by solar column Concentric driver's compartment in region in.The calculation of such as simulated annealing can not have any further geometrical constraint (such as Arrange on online or arc) in the case of determine the optimum position of heliostat in each region.This algorithm can be based on example Cover such as the ground in terms of the target from solar column and make the heliostat position optimization in each region.

With reference now to Figure 53, it is shown that the part of the solar energy field at the top of tower 18 or in terms of its neighbouring position, The view of the northern section of the interior section 402 of such as field 2 in Figure 40-Figure 41.Figure 54 shows a part for solar energy field, The northern section of the exterior section 400N of such as field 2 in Figure 40-Figure 41.Similarly, Figure 55-Figure 56 illustrates Figure 40-Figure 41 In the interior section 402 of field 2 and the southern section of exterior section 400S.Therefore Figure 53-Figure 56 illustrates in solar energy field Character is covered on the ground of the layout of heliostat.With as compared with time from the point of view of a schematic diagram (i.e. the birds-eye view of solar energy field), this is too Sun can seem at the top of tower or when seeing near it more in order (that is, because it is designed to make ground cover field Bigization).

Exterior section, the heliostat in the region 400 of all solar energy field as shown in figure 40 for field are placed and can not be examined Consider specific bank or arc pattern, the heliostat of the interior section being simultaneously used for field place can highly constrained in specific line or Arc.Such as, in Figure 58, closer to tower field 2 fields inside 582 can more in order and/or substantially conforming to grid layout, The position of heliostat in external field 580 can be determined in the case of not being constrained in certain line or arc simultaneously.For Figure 57 institute The field 1 shown, the fields inside 572 close to tower and the external field 570 away from tower both have according to line chart case (at interior section In 572) or the heliostat disposed of arc pattern (in exterior section 570).Contrary with the field 2 of Figure 58, the settled date of the field 1 in Figure 57 The position of mirror is selected as being in aturegularaintervals along global lines or arc pattern (being i.e. constrained in the deployment on line or arc pattern), this Covering less than optimal ground of time in time and/or one or more 1 year can be caused in one or more one day Lid.Although the field 2 in Figure 58 has wherein it is observed that the perimeter 580 of local line or arc pattern, it is to be noted that It is to determine in the case of the deployment of specific global lines or arc pattern not requiring for the position of these heliostats.Phase Instead, in the layout of field 2, recognizable any local pattern is relative to the optimized of covered ground rather than for along certain The product of the requirement that the heliostat of a little lines or arc is disposed.

In an embodiment, the solar energy field of heliostat can be provided in any combination of any feature disclosed in this, including But it is not limited to any combination (for scope, any combination of upper and lower bound limits possible scope) of following characteristics:

(1) heliostat is sized feature such as, and any feature can relate in solar energy field or one part extremely Few 10,50,100,150,200,500,1000,3000,5000,10000,20000,50,000 or 100,000 heliostats Heliostat group；

(2) heliostat altitude feature is such as, and any feature can relate to heliostat group, wherein, it is believed that on any position Whole, the most or suitable majority of one group of heliostat be short.Such as, heliostat height H (i.e. reflective from ground, local The height of the barycenter of mirror assembly) it is at most 10m, 7m, 5m, 3m, 2.5m or 2m.Such as, between heliostat height H and tower height degree Ratio at most 20%, 10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1.5% or 1%；

(3) reflector size feature is for any group of heliostat of any size, and average reflector size can be with example As being at least 1m²、3m²、5m²、10m²Or 12m²Or at most 50m²、30m²Or 20m²；

(4) uniformly reflector size heliostat can have substantially the same size or have the most at most 0.5, 0.4, the standard deviation of the mirror assembly size of 0.3,0.2,0.1,0.05,0.03,0.01 or 0.005 and average illuminator chi The mirror assembly of the ratio between very little；

(5) heliostat density can with at least 0.1,0.3,0.5,0.75,1,1.5 or 2.5 or at most 10,5,3,2, Density (every 100m of 1.5 or 1²Heliostat) at one group of heliostat of deployed in areas of solar energy field；

(6) illuminator density can one group of heliostat of deployed in areas of solar energy field with provide at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% or 25% or the illuminator density of at most 70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 15% or 10% (the most given The gross area of the illuminator of all mirror array of all heliostats in region is divided by the size of given area).

As discussed above, the settled date is not the most made according to for ' ground blocking capability ' optimized placement scheme It is useful to dispose heliostat that mirror is constrained in the heliostat scheme of line or arc.Figure 61 figure-65 shows ' ground blocking capability ' Particular case (i.e. only the covering of ground from the point of view of observer at the top of tower or at the top of tower or near it Cover).Position at the top of tower or near it is from the point of view of observer, and heliostat illuminator ' covering ' is (equivalently, " shelter " or " hiding ") ground of solar energy field.When heliostat mutual sufficiently close together time, the time in some is one day, adjacent The sight line of heliostat overlapping (again from the point of view of the observer from tower) decreases relative to adding up to heliostat reflective mirror Long-pending shielded floor area.It is fixed to make in the case of not by any constraint of the alignment forcing it online or on arc wherein In the optimized embodiment of solar eyepiece layout, decrease the lap between adjacent heliostat, given identical density and heliostat Size, compared with making heliostat constraint placement scheme online or on curve, it is achieved that ' ground is covered ' of bigger level.Explanation The another way of this point is so that relative in tower when allowing heliostat to be positioned at not follow on the position of line or arc It is bigger that efficiency (each heliostat or the dead area of per unit heliostat illuminator area) is covered on the ground of advantage point.

For 24 positions being labeled as L1-L24 in Figure 61, at the top being positioned at the tower that its height is about 135 meters Beholder from the point of view of, analyze and cover than the heliostat in competiting place 1 and field 2 ability on ground.Each region L1-L24 bag Include at least 50 heliostats.This analysis is completed for some time point in a year.24 positions of following selection: in the north about (3 positions) at 350m, about 550m, about 750m, at northwest about 350m, about 550m, about 750m (3 positions), northeastward (3 positions) at about 350m, about 550m, about 750m, at south about 350m, about 550m, about 750m (3 positions), in southwest (3 positions) at about 350m, about 550m, about 750m, at the southeast about 350m, about 550m, about 750m (3 positions), in west At about 350m, about 550m, about 750m at (3 positions), the most about 350m, about 550m, about 750m (3 positions).

Figure 62-Figure 65 illustrates respectively for the California at about 35 ° of 20'26 " N, 115 ° of 18'38 " W dimension March, June, JIUYUE and ten of 3 times (i.e. 9AM, noon, 4PM) in a day of solar energy field position near Ivanpah February result.In Figure 62 A, Figure 63 A, Figure 64 A and Figure 65 A, row B-H show represent see at the top of tower by heliostat The ground shield parameter (G.O.) of the percentage ratio on the ground covered, and arrange I-N and show the heliostat of per unit floor area.Pin The heliostat density being optimised performance trends towards closer to bigger in tower and southern part on the scene.It is different from ground to cover Parameter, heliostat density does not changes, and the month being therefore not dependent in one day in time or 1 year.

Figure 62 B, Figure 63 B, Figure 64 B and Figure 65 B, row Q-V shows density normalization ground shield parameter, and it characterizes one day In different time or the heliostat disposed according to heliostat placement scheme in month in 1 year cover the efficiency on ground (GO.O/Dens).Row W-Y illustrates the G.O./Dens of 24 positions in two fields.Row Z-AB shows and arranges W-Y phase With but used rough inaccuracy orientation to be averaging scheme and carry out being orientated the result being averaging.Row AC-ACK shows not by root The ground shield parameter being normalized according to the heliostat illuminator density in given area (i.e. L1, L2...L24).

Figure 62 B, Figure 63 B, Figure 64 B and his Figure 65 B show that field 2 trends towards in terms of covering ground (i.e. from the top of tower Place or see near it) more efficient than field 1.Especially, it can be observed that on some position, the heliostat in (i) field 2 Ratio between the G.O./density of the heliostat in G.O./density and (ii) field 1 tends to exceed 1 and i.e. exceedes at least percent Several.

The example of Figure 61-Figure 65 show wherein heliostat be not constrained in the optimization of the heliostat layout of circular arc or line with Wherein heliostat is used to be restrained to the comparing achieve bigger per unit than when heliostat layout is obtainable of line or arc The ground coverage of illuminator area.Some embodiment relates to system based on central tower heliostat, and it includes being deployed in too Multiple heliostats in sun energy field.Heliostat-Tower System can be deployed in example on any position in the Northern Hemisphere or the Southern Hemisphere As more than 20 degree or more than 25 degree or more than 30 degree and/or less than 50 degree or less than 45 degree or less than 40 degree or less than 35 degree At dimension.

On the scene 1 and 2 two, field in the case of, the layout of heliostat is remote from the characteristic of the field of tower.It is closer to the center sun Energy tower, in the case of the notable deterioration in terms of not having system effectiveness, can dispose heliostat in the most constrained scheme. Further away from center solar column, the optimal of heliostat can be realized by the layout in the case of not being constrained in line or curve Arrange.Although for arrange heliostat prior art systems can with optimization, but its take constraint in the case of do so, Such as make along the spacing between the heliostat of ranks (rank) optimized while in concentric ranks arrange heliostat with Ranks at a distance are made to be minimized by the stop closer to ranks, to realize honeycomb fashion more or less by making continuous print ranks interlock Arrange.Therefore, the heliostat of ranks is spaced apart with angle A, the heliostat of next ranks by by with one ranks Those are spaced apart with A/2.

Pitch pattern in ranks can change, and also can change the distance between concentric ranks, but along tool Have less than between ranks three times of spacing or less than line or arc directly radially in the range of the average arest neighbors of heliostat Each ranks of the average headway of three times of distance have the repeat patterns of many heliostats.This makes ranks when random observation It is well defined and obvious.Note that field 1 described herein example be the layout patterns retrained by line or arc clearly Example.There is more unconspicuous example, but go through geometrical constraint at display, the overlap of the most parallel arc.Constraint Simplify the degree of freedom in optimization, and allow to obtain overall situation best allocation in simplifying constraint.The method herein proposed and Before result must obtain overall situation optimum not ensured the optimization method of offer global optimum certainly scheme by employing, So that the non-geometric constraint realizing heliostat is arranged, it has been observed that for not previously being considered determining useful certain of a layout A little optimized cost functions achieve the level more optimized.These include cost function (such as season income or the season of complexity Electricity output) or simpler cost function, the ground from the point of view of favourable near the such as receiver from tower is covered and (is such as being connect In 0.5 times of the receiver height of receipts machine).

Figure 66 is shown in which that the spacing of the heliostat 722 as indicated by 726 is along some arc substantially uniformly (edge Arc equidistant) and the most uneven on other arcs 730 as indicated by 728 (three close to followed by gaps；Weight The section of field layout 720 again).Drawing arc 728 is to illustrate that heliostat is positioned on arc or line, even if its spacing is uneven 's.Further, the figure shows concentric or parallel arc.These concentric arcs can be substantially circular, ellipse or avette 's.Figure 67 show the embodiment according to open theme away from tower and be reflection optimization field layout from figure 23 above The region of field 220.This is that wherein heliostat 747 seems to be fairly close on straight line 744 or arc 742 but goes through Show its example not having.220 with the difference of field 720 be can not by line or arc or particularly parallel lines or with Heart arc be positioned so that its extend through be spaced from each other less than the heliostat being adjacent to or on online or arc average (recently Adjacent) at least 20 heliostats of three times of spacing.

Can be from needing how much information to characterize from the viewpoint of the position of heliostat as the settled date fallen online or arc The sign of mirror.In an identical manner and due to by enabling heliostat position constraint to reduce optimized dimension in line or arc Same cause, compared with unconfined one, the layout of constrained optimization to be defined needs less information (to assume without retraining The method optimized utilizes the unrestricted of the placement of heliostat freely and not produce the inside limit may being reflected in optimized results System).In other words, the layout of constrained optimization has the entropy than a unconfined less information or less.Straight in order to detect The algorithm of the existence of other curves of line or such as arc has many, and by image procossing or the technical staff in compression of images field It is best understood by.Such as, the algorithm for image procossing and compression of images is developed well, and can be used to detection curve And determine the curve representing the least complicated type needed for the layout of field.Once it is detected, can be for parallel condition test song Line.The number of the number of curve and the heliostat fallen on curve position can be quantified.If the position on curve and curve Put aspect and characterize the quantity of information needed for the close position specifying heliostat in terms of its independent coordinate of the quantity of information needed for the layout of field, Then can not be said to be on curve or line by heliostat, because using this term in this manual.Therefore, in order to make the settled date Mirror falls on curve or line, needed for the minimal information amount needed for the position on line or curve that represents should be than representing position independently Little about twice or more, it is assumed that the phase equally accurate in two kinds of expressions.In order to provide simple examples, if 1250 heliostats are with phase Deng number distribution on 25 curves, each cubic polynomial that is represented by, then can be with 3 numbers for each curve (number) 50 numbers or 1325 of the heliostat and on each curve characterize its position illy.Not join Its position is specified to would be required to 2500 numbers in the case of examining line or curve.

Embodiment according to open theme is exempted to the field layout according to prior art, optimized another is public about Bundle is that the sector of the border circular areas that will be around receiver is considered as in terms of optimum target being equal so that obtain rotationally symmetrical Pattern.Such as mutually stop in order to its that heliostat receiver in central tower is guided the DT and to minimize or to eliminate Optimum target can produce alternate intervals pattern, as in Figure 66 it will be apparent that but this pattern finally has radially Repeating in the adjacent sectors 732 of line 734, pattern repeats between this RADIAL 734.Repeat lacking and characterizing public affairs of sector pattern Open all embodiments of theme.It is, for example possible to use the optimization covering efficiency in ground is constrained in equal sector region 772 He 776 (Figure 68), it can have the identical or layout patterns of mirror image.But, according to the embodiment of open theme, otherwise heliostat It is constrained in region 772.In Figure 68, it is shown that the driver's compartment 778 being bonded in layout, it limits wherein not place determines Solar eyepiece and serving as optimized constraint but the region of the not layout in constraint, such as 772,776 and 774.

The embodiment of open theme includes the optimization to multiple possible targets, can be according to optimized complexity and meter Calculate burden and the feature of result that obtains from optimization is grouped.Table 3 shows based on (in some cases) with fixing The optimization method of the nonlinear optimization algorithm that geometrical constraint is applied together and result.Embodiment is divided into and discloses by table 3 Optimization method embodiment and the different characteristic of the kind of heliostat layout, example and association.Row I in being indicated as table 3 Embodiment in, heliostat can be made to move back and forth in the sector of arbitrary dimension.Can change by increasing the width of sector Kind optimization.Due to the optimization of the interior zone near tower and do not benefit from the high-freedom degree number in optimization, it is possible to This region is got rid of, such as the region 782 shown in Figure 68.Can obtain rotationally symmetrical from the optimization covered about ground, Because how ground covered by this layout no matter angle relative to receiver has identical effect.By increasing sector size, The more degree of freedom with the optimization benefit of minimizing can be realized.

In the embodiment of the row II in being indicated as table 3, make the operation in simulation one or more day time operation cycle One or more time intervals in energy production optimization.One group of simulation natural law can include multiple season and zoom in and out With corresponding to the annual operation cycle.If the optimization of field layout is not shown by the difference between the beginning that every day performs and end If the difference of the weather on an average write between meaning and AM and PM is nearly free from difference, then by only changing on side Layout and carry out mirror image with produce performance prediction make degree of freedom die-off.Otherwise, field optimum can be turned to whole unit.

In the embodiment of the row III in being indicated as table 3, make the operation in simulation one or more day time operation cycle One or more time intervals in income operation optimization.One group of simulation natural law can include multiple season and zoom in and out With corresponding to the annual operation cycle.Usually, income optimization will be expected the asymmetric of the thing side that causes optimal field layout. If during one day, (recognize that it became also according to season) or every day operation beginning and terminate between generation valency If the difference of the energy of value there is not the weather on an average between significance and AM and PM for the optimization of field layout Difference does not produce significant difference, then can pass through only to change the layout on side and carry out mirror image to make freedom to produce performance prediction Degree is die-offed.Otherwise, field optimum can be turned to whole field.

Note that the constraint that can apply such as driver's compartment 778 in an embodiment, heliostat can be got rid of there Outward.

Table 3: optimization method and result: there is the nonlinear optimization algorithm of fixing geometrical constraint

Should be appreciated that can with hardware, with the hardware of software programming, be stored in non-transitory computer-readable medium On software instruction or above combination realize above-mentioned module, process, system and portion.Such as, such as can use and joined It is fixed that the processor of programming instruction sequence being set to perform be stored on non-transitory computer-readable medium realizes for controlling The system of solar eyepiece and/or for determining the system of the heliostat layout in solar energy field.Such as, processor can include but not limit In personal computer or work station or other this type of calculate system, it includes processor, microprocessor, microcontroller device, or It is made up of the control logic including the most such as integrated circuit of special IC (ASIC).Can be from according to such as Java, C ++, the source code instruction that provides of the programming language such as C#_.net compile this instruction.This instruction can also include according to such as Visual Basic^TMCode that language or another structuring or Object-Oriented Programming Language provide and data object.Can be by programming instruction sequence Row and data associated therewith are stored in the non-transitory computer-readable medium of such as computer storage or memory device In, it can be any suitably memory devices, such as, but not limited to ROM, PROM, EEPROM, RAM, flash memory, magnetic Disk drive etc..

Furthermore, it is possible to module, processing system and section are embodied as single processor or distributed processors.Additionally, Should be appreciated that and can perform above-mentioned steps on single or distributed processors (monokaryon and/or multinuclear).Further, more than The process, module and the submodule that describe in the various figures of embodiment and for this embodiment can cross over multiple computer or system Distribution, or can jointly be positioned in single processor or system.Provide below be adapted for carrying out module described herein, The example arrangement embodiment of portion, system, device or process is replaced.

Module described herein, processor or system can be embodied as such as programmed general purpose computer, compile by microcode The electronic equipment of journey, hardwire analog logic circuit, the software being stored on computer-readable medium or signal, optical computing set Standby, electronics and/or the networked system of optical device, dedicated computing equipment, IC-components, semiconductor chip and be stored in Software module on computer-readable medium or signal or object.

Can general purpose computer, special-purpose computer, programming microprocessor or microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuit element, ASIC or other integrated circuits, the hardwire electronics of digital signal processor, such as discrete component circuit or logic circuit, such as The enforcement of described method and system (or its subassembly or module) is realized in the program logic circuit of PLD, PLA, FPGA, PAL etc. Example.Usually, it is possible to any process realizing function described herein or step can be used to realize described method, system or meter The embodiment of calculation machine program product (or being stored in the software program on non-transitory computer-readable medium).

In addition it is possible to use such as provide the object of portable source code that can use on multiple computer platform or Object-oriented Software Development environment is completely or partially easily achieved open method, system and computer program product with software The embodiment of product.Alternatively, it is possible to use the design of such as standard logic circuits or VLSI partially or completely realizes with hardware Open method, system and the embodiment of computer program.Can be according to the speed of system and/or efficiency requirements, specific Function and/or the specific software being currently in use or hardware system, microprocessor or microcomputer and use other hardware or soft Part realizes embodiment.Can describe according to function provided herein and occur and/or computer programming field with solar energy General rudimentary knowledge is used system that is any known or that develop after a while or structure, equipment and/or soft by those skilled in the art Part hardware and/or the embodiment of software implementation method, system and computer program.

Furthermore, it is possible to be used in the upper software performed such as programmed general purpose computer, special-purpose computer, microprocessor to realize public affairs The embodiment of the extraction of root, system and computer program.

The feature of open embodiment can be combined in the range of the disclosure, rearrange, omission etc. to be to produce additional reality Execute example.Additionally, sometimes can advantageously use some feature in the case of the corresponding use not having other features.

It is therefore evident that according to present disclose provides solar energy field layout and for arranging wherein, safeguarding And the system and method for operation heliostat.Make it possible to realize many replacements, revise and change by the disclosure.Although Illustrate and describe in detail specific embodiment to illustrate the application of the principle of the present invention, it will be appreciated that can additionally exist Without departing from embodying the present invention in the case of this type of principle.Therefore, applicant is intended to contain within the spirit and scope of the present invention These type of replacements all, amendment, equivalent and change.

Claims

1. a solar column system, including:

Solar column, it has target wherein；

Around the heliostat field of solar column, each heliostat is configured to insolation be directed at described target,

Wherein, at least annular section away from the field of tower has determining on the concentric arc not being disposed in centered by the pedestal of tower Solar eyepiece, and

At least interior section around the field of the pedestal of tower have according to regular grid pattern or on concentric arc arrange settled date Mirror.

2. a solar column system, including:

Solar column, it has target wherein；And

Around the heliostat field of solar column, each heliostat is configured to target insolation being directed in solar column, this Including interior zone and perimeter, interior zone and perimeter both centered by solar column, perimeter around Interior zone,

Wherein, the heliostat in interior zone is to dispose according to line or the arc pattern through interior zone, and

Heliostat in perimeter is not consider that line or arc pattern through perimeter are disposed.

3. the system of claim 2, wherein, each heliostat in perimeter is positioned at several times more than or equal to solar column The distance of height, and each heliostat in interior zone is positioned at the distance of the described several times of height less than solar column Place.

4. the system of claim 2, wherein, the heliostat in interior zone is deployed on regular grid pattern.

5. a system, including:

Solar column；And

It is deployed in solar energy field and is configured so that at the top of the solar column that insolation is redirected in solar energy field or it Multiple heliostats of neighbouring target, its total heliostat is deployed as sizable region of the solar energy field of at least 100 heliostats All there is heliostat in the major part making the described the biggest region throughout solar energy field,

Wherein, the heliostat in this biggest region dispose that pattern makes can not by a series of 20 or more multiple heliostats Draw parallel lines or arc, along this line or arc can make heliostat spaced apart less than the heliostat along line or arc average Three times of nearest neighbor distance.

6. the system of claim 5, wherein, described sizable region is the height exceeding the solar energy receiver at least tower Spend the whole solar energy field of the radial distance with tower of 2.5 times.

7. the system of claim 5, wherein, the heliostat of neighbouring tower positions along line or arc.

8., for the method disposing many heliostats in solar energy field, wherein said heliostat is configured to refer to insolation Guiding to the target in the solar column in solar energy field, the method includes:

When solar column on the Northern Hemisphere time in the south of solar column with than in the higher density in the north of solar column at the sun Heliostat can be disposed in field；Or

When solar column is in the Southern Hemisphere in the north of solar column with than in the higher density in the south of solar column at the sun Heliostat can be disposed in field.

9., for the method disposing many heliostats in solar energy field, wherein said heliostat is configured to refer to insolation Guiding to the target in the solar column in solar energy field, the method includes:

Select in one or more one day the time in time or 1 year；

For selected one or more times, between the first area and second area of solar energy field, arrange many settled dates Mirror so that add up at least one in reflector size, heliostat density, heliostat number and average reflector size the Different from the second area in one region,

Wherein, described second area is the first area mirror image relative in the basic orientation centered by solar column Region.

10. the method for claim 9, wherein, described first area is in the north of solar column；Described second area is at solar energy The south of tower；Solar energy field is positioned at the Northern Hemisphere；And for the total reflector size of second group, heliostat density, heliostat In number and average reflector size one with the ratio for corresponding of first group more than or equal to 1.01:1.

The method of 11. claim 9, wherein, described first area is in the east of solar column；Described second area is at solar energy The west of tower；And for the total reflector size of second group, heliostat density, heliostat number and average illuminator chi In very little one with the ratio for corresponding of first group more than or equal to 1.01:1.

The method of 12. claim 9, wherein, the heliostat and first at least one period second group in the selected time Heliostat in group is compared the most efficient in terms of insolation is directed to target on an average.

The method of 13. claim 9, wherein, first group and second group in each region of solar energy field at least with solar energy The distance of the twice for solar column height of tower.

The method of 14. claim 9, wherein, the described selected time is in the afternoon and described layout makes the insolation in afternoon more than early The insolation in morning.

The method of 15. claim 14, wherein, the described selected time is in summer.

16. 1 kinds are used for the method disposing heliostat in solar energy field, including:

Determine the first area of solar energy field, in the first region, time and/or one or more in one or more one day Time in 1 year, compared with the heliostat in the second area of solar energy field, at target insolation being directed in solar column Heliostat the most efficient；And

Heliostat is disposed so that first area has the total illuminator area higher than second area or settled date in solar energy field Mirror density.

The method of 17. claim 16, wherein, described second area is that first area is relative to the base centered by solar column The mirror area of in this axle.

The method of 18. claim 16, wherein, described target has front face area substantially the same in each basic orientation Face.

The method of 19. claim 16, wherein, described target is columnar, has the height of substantial constant around its circumference.

20. 1 kinds are positioned at the heliostat field in the Northern Hemisphere, including:

Receiver tower in heliostat field, Nan Chang part and Bei Chang part are divided by the line from east to west of the pedestal of tower；And

Receiver in described tower, it has in the face of the north side, face of Bei Chang part with in the face of the southern side, face of Nan Chang part, north side, face Dough-making powder southern side has equal area,

Wherein, the illuminator area that adds up to of the heliostat in Nan Chang part is more than the total illuminator of the heliostat in Bei Chang part Area.

The field of 21. claim 20, wherein, described receiver has the standpipe extended along its dough-making powder southern side, north side, face, Guan Zhong At least some of be configured to make working fluid overheated or by the super critical point of working fluid heats to working fluid.

The field of 22. claim 20, wherein, described solar column is in plan view in solar energy field, and the reception in tower Facility have the face facing the equal areas that south dough-making powder is exposed to the north.

The field of 23. claim 20, wherein, described receiver has along facing the surface in north and facing what southern surface extended Standpipe, at least some of in pipe is configured to make working fluid overheated or by the super critical point of working fluid heats to working fluid On.

24. 1 kinds of solar column systems, including:

Solar column, it has target wherein；And

Around the heliostat field of solar column, each heliostat is configured to insolation be directed at described target, wherein

For second group of heliostat in the second area of first group of heliostat in the first area of field and field, second area is Described first area is relative to the mirror image of in the basic orientation centered by solar column, for described first group of settled date Mirror add up in reflector size, heliostat density, heliostat number and average reflector size be different from for Corresponding one of described second group of heliostat.

The system of 25. claim 24, wherein, described first area is in the north of solar column；Described second area is at the sun The south of energy tower, for the total reflector size of second group, heliostat density, heliostat number and average reflector size In one with the ratio for corresponding of first group more than or equal to 1.01:1；And the field of heliostat is positioned at the Northern Hemisphere In.

The system of 26. claim 24, wherein, described first area is in the east of solar column；Described second area is at the sun The west of energy tower；And for the total reflector size of second group, heliostat density, heliostat number and average illuminator In size one with the ratio for corresponding of first group more than or equal to 1.01:1.

The system of 27. claim 24, wherein, time, determining in second group in time and/or 1 year at least one is one day Solar eyepiece is the most efficient in terms of insolation is directed to target on an average compared with the heliostat in first group.

The system of 28. claim 27, wherein, in described one day the time be in afternoon and described 1 year the time be summer.

The system of 29. claim 24, wherein, described first group and second group in each region of solar energy field at least with too The distance of the twice for solar column height of sun energy tower.

The system of 30. claim 24, wherein, each group includes at least 100 heliostats.

31. 1 kinds of solar column systems, including:

Solar column；And

Heliostat field, it is arranged to thus around solar column, wherein

Heliostat density in Part I in this is higher than the heliostat density in the Part II of field, and

The Part I of described field has during one or more time periods flat compared with the heliostat in the Part II of field All get up at the most efficient heliostat.

The system of 32. claim 31, wherein, described solar column is arranged on the Northern Hemisphere, and described Part I is positioned at the sun Can the south of tower, and described Part II is positioned at the north of solar column.

The system of 33. claim 31, wherein, described solar column is arranged in the Southern Hemisphere, and described Part I is positioned at too Sun can the north of tower, and described Part II is positioned at the south of solar column.

The system of 34. claim 31, wherein, described Part I is positioned at the west of tower, and described Part II is positioned at tower East.

The method of 35. 1 kinds of heliostats safeguarded with maintenance vehicle in solar energy field, solar column has wherein and is positioned at too Target in sun energy field, the method includes；

The driver's compartment between primary importance and the second position is selected, selected driver's compartment at least some of with fixed in solar energy field Solar eyepiece is border so that when border heliostat is in the first orientation, the border heliostat of the opposite side at driver's compartment limit The short of width of described part to allow to safeguard that vehicle is by described part；

The illuminator making border heliostat redirects so that described in the border heliostat of the opposite side at driver's compartment limits The width of part be enough to allow to safeguard that vehicle is by described part；And

Maintenance vehicle is made to move to the second position along described driver's compartment from primary importance.

The method of 36. claim 35, is additionally included in described second position working service car two to clean heliostat.

The method of 37. claim 36, wherein, described cleaning includes that crossing one or more heliostat does not has restriction to drive with cleaning Sail the heliostat on border, district.

The method of 38. claim 37, also includes making the illuminator of border heliostat return safeguarding that vehicle passes through afterwards to Insolation is directed at target.

39. 1 kinds of methods for the many heliostats of deployment in solar energy field, wherein said heliostat is configured to insolation Being directed to the target in the solar column in solar energy field, the method includes；

Use optimization algorithm determine for solar energy field at least some of in the heliostat portion of described many heliostats Administration position so that the minimal information amount needed for the determined deployed position on line or arc that represents is more than representing determined portion independently The half of the quantity of information needed for administration position.

40. 1 kinds of solar column systems, including:

Solar column, it has target wherein；And

Around the heliostat field of solar column, each heliostat is configured to target insolation being directed in solar column, this Including interior zone and perimeter, inside and outside region is both centered by solar column, and perimeter is around inside Region,

Wherein, the heliostat in interior zone is disposed according to line or arc pattern, and

Dispose the heliostat in perimeter so that the minimal information amount needed for representing the determined deployed position on line or arc is big Half in the quantity of information represented independently needed for determined deployed position.

The method of 41. 1 kinds of generatings, including the system operating any preceding system claims.

42. 1 kinds by fused salt or motlten metal or the H that pressurizes₂O or pressurization CO₂The method of heating, including operating any aforementioned system power The system that profit requires.