CN106187444B - A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop and its application - Google Patents
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN106187444B CN106187444B CN201610518483.3A CN201610518483A CN106187444B CN 106187444 B CN106187444 B CN 106187444B CN 201610518483 A CN201610518483 A CN 201610518483A CN 106187444 B CN106187444 B CN 106187444B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop and its application, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the cereal crop includes inorganic component and organic component, and the mass fraction of the organic component is 25~40%；Wherein, on the basis of the quality of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, N element content is 10~15% in inorganic component, with P2O5It is 4~7% to count P element content, with K2It is 6~12% that O, which counts K element content,；The organic component, by weight, including following components：5~10 parts of lignin, 5~10 parts of biomass carbon, 5~10 parts of potassium fulvate, 5~10 parts of pecan shell powder.The present invention is added to as organic component in fertilizer using lignin, biomass carbon, pecan shell yeast powder, potassium fulvate obtains the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, and the sustained release performance of the organic slow-release fertilizer is good, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, low energy consumption and environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer application technical field more particularly to a kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop and answer
With.
Background technology
China is large agricultural country and chemical fertilizer production and consumption big country, and Chinese chemical fertilizer total output and total dosage all occupy
The first in the world.But agricultural production practice shows that the combined influence due to fertilizer property and soil environment condition, utilization rate of fertilizer are low
It is fertilizer application process common problem.Current three big staple food grain crop nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium utilization rate be about 33%,
The 24% and 42% (Ministry of Agriculture《To the year two thousand twenty fertilizer application amount zero growth rate action scheme》), utilization rate of fertilizer is low to produce home environment
Some row negative effects, such as plough hardened, soil acidification, body eutrophication are given birth to.
China's rice, wheat and three big staple food grain crop fertilizer amount of corn account for 50% or more of the total amount of application of China's chemical fertilizer
(Meng Yuan such as takes by force at (2015) China planting industry chemical fertilizer application present situation and the fertile Potentials phosphate fertilizer of section and compound fertilizer 30 (9):1~4), change
The kind three big existing utilization rate of fertilizer situations of crop will benefit the arable land in 80% or more China.
Lignin is the high-molecular compound for having three-dimensional space net structure, in nature next in number only to cellulose
And chitin, it is a large amount of natural reproducible organic matter of third.The black liquid being discharged after lye boiling delignification is to make
The maximum pollution sources of paper industry, lignin contained therein is that one of main pollutant (make by Zhang Haiyun (2006) alkaline straw-pulps
Lignin biodegradation research [master thesis] in paper black liquor), if do not recycled, it is directly discharged into and receives with black liquor
Sewage body can cause serious environmental pollution damage.
Lignin has higher reactivity after the processing such as ammonification, sulfonation, de-methoxy.Mulder
W.J. show that lignin plays apparent slow releasing function (Mulder W.J., et to nitrogen with the research of Ramirez F. et al.
al.(2011)Lignin based controlled release coatings.Industrial Crops and
Products 34:915-920；Ramirez F.,et al.(2001)Slow-release effect of N-
functionalized kraft lignin tested with Sorghum over two growth
periods.Bioresource Technology 76:71-73).Ramirez F. are utilized15N tracers discovery, ammoniated lignin
In nitrogen there is 30.6% to be absorbed by first batch of crop, and 12.9% is absorbed by second crop, is also confirmed in terms of timeliness
The slow-release function of lignin (Ramirez F., et al. (2007) Reactions, characterization and
uptake of ammoxidized kraft lignin labeled with 15N.Bioresource Technology 98:
1494-1500)。
Also there is slow releasing function (Wang Dehan etc. (2003) lignin modifications production to potash fertilizer in addition, some researches show that lignin
Object is to the slow releasing function of potash fertilizer and the influence plant nutrients of crop K uptake and fertilizer journal 9 (3):308-311).Lignin into
Entering after soil to have an adverse effect to the normal growth of edaphon, (Zhong Zheke etc. (2006) nitrogen modified technical lignins are to soil
The influence ecological environments 15 (4) of earth biochemical characteristic:811-815), while soil can be gradually converted under the action of microorganism
Organic matter (Bahri H., et al. (2006) Lignin turnover kinetics in an agricultural soil
is monomer specific.Soil Biology&Biochemistry 38:1977-1988)。
Pecan shell is the by-product of hickory nut industry, more is discarded or is laid idle, through rainwater impregnate and microbial fermentation,
These Pu shell leachates not only polluted source, cause fishes and shrimps dead, and keep mountain area vegetation impaired, heavy rain, which washes away, causes water and soil big
Amount is lost in.The leaching liquor of pecan shell is by influencing seed breathing, seedlings root absorption and photosynthesis etc. to various crop
Seed sprout and growth of seedling have an impact (several chemical compositions of Chen Xiangming (2008) hickory nut epicarps and to plant give birth to
The long research [Ph.D. Dissertation] influenced), dosage of the pecan shell powder in fertilizer production is rationally set and can reach field
The effect of weeding.The extract of pecan shell, which has Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, corn southern leaf blight etc., significantly to be inhibited
Act on (Zhang S.et al. " Novel benzofuran constituent from the husk of Carya
cathayensis Sarg.”Phytochemistry Letters).Subtract so rationally also can reach using pecan shell powder
The effect of medicine.
Currently, the research about cereal crop slow release fertilizer is much, such as：
To disclose a kind of rice special slow release organic for the Chinese invention patent application document that publication No. is CN103755441A
Fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the Organic slow-release fertilizer special for paddy rice is by lignin, diatomite, attapulgite, humic acid, calcium base Pang Run
Soil, nitrogenous fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate, potash fertilizer, trace element and water composition, the trace element is by agricultural rare-earth, borax, manganese sulfate and seven
Water zinc sulphate forms, and preparation method is that mixing granulation forms after each component dissolving is stirred.The patent propose a kind of lignin with
Urea is made after molten slurry again with the Lignin sustained-release fertilizer of each component mixing granulation and preparation method thereof, and the method increase fertilizer
Plant recovery of nutrient, but energy consumption is larger, and nitrogen content is limited in product.
Publication No. is that the Chinese invention patent application document of CN103058751A discloses a kind of dedicated sustained release length of corn
The preparation method of compound fertilizer is imitated, the fertilizer according to the raw material of mass fraction meter by being made as follows：Urea 15~45, ammonium sulfate 5
~40, potassium sulfate 20~35, mixed phosphorus fertilizer 15~35, zinc, iron additive 0.1~0.5, granulation aid 7~10, appropriate amount of water.It is public
Cloth number is that the Chinese invention patent application document of CN103102213A discloses a kind of dedicated sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer of wheat
Preparation method, urea 21~47, ammonium sulfate 8~15, potassium sulfate 10~30, mixed phosphorus fertilizer 20~35, iron, manganese, boron, copper.Zinc,
Molybdenum additives 0.1~0.5, granulation aid 6~12, appropriate amount of water.Fertilizer in above-mentioned patent needs to melt Urea, this mistake
Journey will produce the biuret to the toxic effect of crop, and energy consumption is larger.
The Chinese invention patent application document that publication No. is CN104609968A, which discloses a kind of alginic acid Synergistic slow release, to be had
The preparation method of machine compound fertilizer, this method only realize the sustained release of nitrogen, external source are needed to insert phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
To disclose a kind of charcoal slow-release rice special for the Chinese invention patent application document that publication No. is CN105036903A
With base manure and preparation method thereof, which includes core layer and is coated on the coating layer of core surface, and core layer is by following heavy
The component raw material of amount part mixes：Biogas residue 60-80, monoammonium phosphate 30-40, double superhosphate 30-40, potassium chloride 50-60, urine
Plain 20-30, sodium metasilicate 2-3, magnesium sulfate 2-4, sodium selenite 1-2, biological powdered carbon 80-90, fertilizer additive 1-2, core layer
Weight is 50-%~60% of slow-release fertilizer total weight；Coating layer is the mixture of biological powdered carbon and binder, the weight of coating layer
It is the 40%~50% of slow-release fertilizer total weight.Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio does not meet rice nutrient uptake feature in the patent, and phosphate fertilizer is obviously higher,
Easily cause nutrient waste.
Therefore, it is necessary to be provided for cereal crop, a kind of sustained release performance is more preferable, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, low energy consumption and ring
The fertilizer of guarantor.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop and its applications, and the cereal crop is special to be had
The sustained release performance of machine slow release fertilizer is good, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, low energy consumption and environmental protection, can significantly improve the production of cereal crop
Amount.
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, including inorganic component and organic component, the organic component
Mass fraction is 25~40%；
Wherein, on the basis of the quality of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, N element content is 10 in inorganic component
~15%, with P2O5It is 4~7% to count P element content, with K2It is 6~12% that O, which counts K element content,；
The organic component, by weight, including following components：5~10 parts of lignin, 5~10 parts of biomass carbon are yellow
Rotten 5~10 parts of potassium of acid, 5~10 parts of pecan shell powder.
Further, the cereal crop is one kind of rice, wheat, corn.
The large specific surface area of lignin, sulfonation treated reactivity is high, and the addition of lignin can be inhaled by physics
Chemical bonding two ways is echoed, the slow release effect of nutrient is improved, to realize the promotion of utilization rate of fertilizer.
The content of organic matter of biomass carbon is high, and the addition of biomass carbon can improve the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil, to
Promote the nutrient preserving capability of soil.Pecan shell yeast powder contains alkaloid isoreactivity substance, the addition of pecan shell yeast powder
So that fertilizer has certain herbicidal effect, to reduce Pesticide use.Potassium fulvate is rich in fulvic acid, and large specific surface area,
It is soluble good, the sustained release performance of fertilizer can be promoted, and be conducive to soil improvement.
It is found through experiment that on the basis of lignin adds, then add biomass carbon, pecan shell yeast powder and fulvic acid
Potassium can more effectively improve the sustained release performance of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, improve the yield of cereal crop
And quality.
Specifically, by weight, the inorganic component includes：15~25 parts of urea, 8~15 parts of monoammonium phosphate, sulfuric acid
10~20 parts of ammonium, 8~18 parts of potassium chloride, 5~10 parts of attapulgite.
The addition of middle trace element can preferably coordinate above-mentioned fertilizer formula, improve cereal crop to above-mentioned fertilizer
It utilizes.Preferably, by weight, the inorganic component further includes 0.5~2.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5~1 part of zinc sulfate.
Further, by weight, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the cereal crop includes following components：
It is further preferred that by weight, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop includes following components：
Experiment finds that the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop of said components dosage can more effectively improve rice
Yield and quality.
It is further preferred that by weight, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop includes following components：
Experiment finds that the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop of said components dosage can more effectively improve corn
Yield and quality.
It is further preferred that by weight, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop includes following components：
Experiment finds that the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop of said components dosage can more effectively improve wheat
Yield and quality.
The lignin is that alkali is isolated from spent pulping liquor, and lignin is enable effectively to obtain recycling profit
With.Preferably, total lignin levels >=90% of the lignin, phenolic hydroxyl group >=2.5%, methylol >=35%, sulfur content
≤ 1.0%, water content≤7%, 80 mesh percent of pass >=95%.The lignin large specific surface area is conducive to adsorb nutrient, active group
Group to be conducive to be chemically bonded with nutrient, to realize the sustained release of nutrient.
The biomass carbon obtains after biological material carbonizes, which can be stalk, sawdust, husk
Deng.Preferably, the content of organic matter >=80% of the biomass carbon, water content≤10%, 60 mesh percent of pass >=95%.The life
The substance charcoal content of organic matter is high, is conducive to culture fertility.
Preferably, the pecan shell yeast powder successively through aerobic fermentation, be crushed, sieve, dry after obtain；Its
In, the fermentation temperature is 55~60 DEG C, and the time is 10~15d.
Preferably, the content of organic matter >=60% of the pecan shell yeast powder, water content≤25%, 20 mesh pass through
Rate >=90%.
Preferably, fulvic acid content >=75% of the potassium fulvate, water-soluble >=99%, 200 mesh percent of pass >=
95%.
It is above-mentioned about constituent content in lignin, biomass carbon, pecan shell yeast powder, potassium fulvate and attapulgite
Restriction refer both to mass fraction.
The preparation method of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop of the present invention includes：
Each inorganic component of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop and organic component are mixed in proportion, obtained
Mixture, then mixture is passed sequentially through into extruder grain, throwing circle, dry, cooling and screening, it is special to obtain the cereal crop
Organic slow-release fertilizer.
The grain diameter of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop made from the above method is in 1.00~4.75mm
Ratio >=80%, water content are less than 10%.
The present invention also provides a kind of cereal crop is cultivated using the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the cereal crop
Method, which is characterized in that before cereal crop is transplanted or is broadcast live, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the cereal crop is passed through
The mode of ditch spread is applied in soil after holostrome bottom application, and amount of application is 40~60kg/ mus.
Preferably, 1~5 day before cereal crop is transplanted or is broadcast live applies the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop
Material.
The holostrome bottom application refers to uniformly spreading fertilizer over the fields fertilizer before plot last time turns over leveling and being turned in field face, then row
Leveling is ploughed, is fully combined with soil.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention is added using lignin, biomass carbon, pecan shell yeast powder and potassium fulvate as organic component
It is added in fertilizer and obtains the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, the sustained release performance of the organic slow-release fertilizer is good, fertilizer utilization
Rate is high, low energy consumption and environmental protection, can significantly improve the yield of cereal crop.
(2) the pure nutrient amount of application of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop of the present invention is few, and has certain weeding
Disease resisting effect can reduce Pesticide use amount.
(3) simple production process of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop of the present invention, energy consumption are relatively low.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further explained with reference to specific implementation case.
Wherein, the lignin referred in embodiment is bought in the polynary lignin Co., Ltd in Shandong Gaotang, and product parameters are
Total lignin levels >=90%, phenolic hydroxyl group >=2.5%, methylol >=35%, sulfur content≤1.0%, water content≤7%, 80 mesh
Percent of pass >=95%；Biomass carbon purchase in the Anhui bio tech ltd Jin Jieneng, product parameters be the content of organic matter >=
80%, water content≤10%, 60 mesh percent of pass >=95%；Potassium fulvate buys in Pingxiang City laterite humic acid Co., Ltd,
Product parameters are fulvic acid content >=75%, water-soluble >=99%, 200 mesh percent of pass >=95%；Other components are commercially available
Conventional products.
The preparation method of pecan shell yeast powder is：
1) pecan shell is collected in the hickory nut harvesting time；
2) screw extrusion removes partial moisture；
3) pecan shell is put into horizontal Zymolysis Equipment and is fermented, 55~60 DEG C of fermentation temperature, fermentation time 10~15
Its (no bulk gas generates, and colleague's fermentate, which has, can determine whether that fermentation is completed when decomposed taste)；The pecan shell that will be fermented
It is crushed, sieves, drying to get to pecan shell yeast powder；
The content of organic matter >=60% of obtained pecan shell yeast powder, water content≤25%, 20 mesh percent of pass >=
90%.
The preparation method of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop is：It will be in the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop
Each inorganic component and organic component mixed in proportion, obtain mixture；Mixture is passed sequentially through into extruder grain again, is thrown
Circle, dry, cooling and screening, obtain the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the cereal crop；
Wherein, ratio of the grain diameter of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop in 1.00~4.75mm >=
80%, water content is less than 10%.
Embodiment 1
One, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, component and dosage are：
15 parts of urea, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18 parts of potassium chloride, 6 parts of lignin, 6 parts of biomass carbon, Huang
Rotten 8 parts of potassium of acid, 8 parts of pecan shell powder, 6 parts of attapulgite, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Two, the application of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop
(1) place is applied：Jinhua, Zhejiang Province city Jindong District
(2) subject and kind：Rice (good 58)
(3) processing setting：
A, fertilizer treatment is compareed：20kg/ mus of Sa Kefu composite fertilizers (N of bottom application:P:K=20:12:14), tillering stage imposes
7.5kg/ mus of urea, heading stage impose 10kg/ mus of Sa Kefu composite fertilizers (N:P:K=20:12:14).
B, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing：The special organic slow-release fertilizer (N of 50kg/ mus of cereal crops of bottom application:P:K=
11:7:11)。
C, space management.
Experimental result is shown in Table 1
As shown in Table 1, compared with compareing fertilizer treatment, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop is same weight-reducing 16%
When, total output promotes 10%, and setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel, polished rice rate, economic coefficient etc. have different degrees of promotion, economic benefit
Significantly.
Do not occur remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, early ageing phenomenon in production process, slow release effect is notable.
Embodiment 2
One, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, component and dosage are：
18 parts of urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of lignin, 10 parts of biomass carbon,
5 parts of potassium fulvate, 10 parts of pecan shell powder, 10 parts of attapulgite, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate.Two, cereal crop is special
With the application of organic slow-release fertilizer
(1) place is applied：The Hangzhou, Zhejiang province city Xihu District towns Shuan Pu
(2) subject and kind：Corn (Zheng Dan 958)
(3) processing setting：
A, fertilizer treatment is compareed：Base fertilizer N:P:K=22:7:Composite fertilizer 25kg/ mus of 12, bottom application of ditching；Jointing stage applies
10kg/ mus of 7.5kg/ mus of urea and potassium chloride, ditching-fertilizing.
B, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing：The special organic slow-release fertilizer (N of cereal crop:P:K=11:4.5:9) it, applies
60kg/ mus of dosage is a few days ago ditched bottom application in corn seeding.
C, space management.
Experimental result, as shown in table 2
As shown in Table 2, compared with conventional fertilizer application compares, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, in weight-reducing 25%
Meanwhile total output promotes the mono- Miho of 6% , and is increased slightly again, bald point length shortens, and Xiang Jiao Miho ratios reduce, remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment 3
One, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, component and dosage are：
20 parts of urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 12 parts of ammonium sulfate, 12 parts of potassium chloride, 9 parts of lignin, 9 parts of biomass carbon, Huang
Rotten 9 parts of potassium of acid, 9 parts of pecan shell powder, 8 parts of attapulgite, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate.
Two, the application of the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop
(1) place is applied：The Hangzhou, Zhejiang province city Xihu District towns Shuan Pu
(2) subject and kind：Wheat (raises wheat 20)
(3) processing setting：
A, fertilizer treatment is compareed：Bottom application Ba Fute composite fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) it 25kg/ mus, emits blueness and spreads fertilizer over the fields 5kg/
Mu urea, jointing stage spread fertilizer over the fields 5kg/ mus of urea.
B, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing：The special organic slow-release fertilizer (N of cereal crop:P:K=13:4.5:7) it, applies
50kg/ mus of dosage, the ditch spread before wheat cultivation.
C, space management.
Experimental result, as shown in table 3.
| Test process | Total output (kg/ mus) | The pure amount of fertilizer (kg/ mus) |
| Compare fertilizer treatment | 418.3 | 15.9 |
| Special organic slow-release fertilizer processing | 432.8 | 12.3 |
| Space management | 280.7 | \ |
As shown in Table 3, compared with conventional fertilizer application compares, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, in weight-reducing 23%
Meanwhile total output is steadily increasing.Do not occur phenomena such as remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, early ageing in growth course, slow release effect is apparent.
Comparative example 1
One, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop
A kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, component and dosage are：15 parts of urea, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate,
15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 18 parts of potassium chloride, 6 parts of lignin, 6 parts of biomass carbon, 8 parts of potassium fulvate, 8 parts of pecan shell powder, bumps
6 parts of stick soil, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Two, fertilizer 1~4 is compared
Fertilizer 1 is compared, component and dosage are substantially consistent with experiment process, are only not added with lignin and potassium fulvate.
Fertilizer 2 is compared, component and dosage are substantially consistent with experiment process, are only not added with biomass carbon.
Fertilizer 3 is compared, component and dosage are substantially consistent with experiment process, are only not added with pecan shell yeast powder.
Fertilizer 4 is compared, component and dosage are substantially consistent with experiment process, are only not added with lignin.
Three, experiment is carried out
(1) test site：The Hangzhou, Zhejiang province city Xihu District towns Shuan Pu
(2) subjects：Rice (good 58)
(3) processing setting：A, special organic slow-release fertilizer processing：Using the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, apply
40kg/ mus of dosage；
B, comparison processing 1：Using comparison fertilizer 1,40kg/ mus of amount of application；
C, comparison processing 2：Using comparison fertilizer 2,40kg/ mus of amount of application；
D, comparison processing 3：Using comparison fertilizer 3,40kg/ mus of amount of application；
E, comparison processing 4：Using comparison fertilizer 4,40kg/ mus of amount of application；
(4) method of application：3 days before rice transplanting, whole layer placement of fertilizer, during whole bottom application are buried.
(5) field efficacy：
A processing：Entire Growing season fertilizer is balanced, and growing way is steady, not remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe not early ageing, green bar yellow maturity, yield highest；
B processing：Early period, growing way ratio a processing was prosperous, but heading stage postpones, and later stage nutrient supply is insufficient, at sword-like leave leaf area ratio a
Small, leaf presenility is managed, the underproduction 12% compared with a processing；
C processing：Do not occur de- fertile phenomenon, growing way is close with a processing, the underproduction 3% compared with a processing；
D processing：Do not occur de- fertile phenomenon, but a processing of field crop smothering ratio is serious, dosage increases, ultimate output and a processing
It is close；
E processing：Later stage nutrient supply is insufficient, yellow leaf, the final underproduction 8%；
Experimental example 4
One, fertilizer sample
Fertilizer sample 1：(containing lignin and pecan shell yeast powder) weighs 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of chlorinations
Potassium, 2 parts of lignin, 2 portions of pecan shell yeast powder, mixing, extruder grain throw circle, dry, cooling, and fertilizer sample is made in screening
Product.
Fertilizer sample 2：(containing lignin) weighs 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of lignin, mixes,
Extruder grain throws circle, dry, cooling, and fertilizer sample is made in screening.
Fertilizer sample 3：(yeast powder of shell containing pecan) weighs 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of mountains
Walnut Pu shell yeast powder, mixing, extruder grain throw circle, dry, cooling, and fertilizer sample is made in screening.
Fertilizer sample 4：(blank control) weighs 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 2 parts of potassium chloride, mixing, extruder grain,
Circle is thrown, dry, cooling, fertilizer sample is made in screening.
Two, experiment is carried out
(1) leaching device
Toward high 30cm, internal diameter 5.8cm band sand core chromatographic column in be initially charged with 2cm quartz sands, be reloaded into 250g wind desiceted soils；Separately
250g is taken to cross the air-dried soil sample of 1mm sieves, N content is designed as 200mg/kg in soil, thus determines the dosage of each fertilizer sample；Soil
It is covered again with 2cm quartz sands on column, disturbed soil when to prevent adding water.
(2) experimental procedure
First plus 250mL (be subject to plastic cup bottom begin with water exudation) water makes soil moisture close to saturation, training for the first time
200mL water is added after supporting 2d, is collected simultaneously leaching liquor, cultivates at room temperature after 2d (attention prevents leaching column dry and cracked), uses 200mL
Water carries out second of leaching, is operated later by same program for each time.That is culture 2d leachings 1 time, total leaching 8 times.
Leaching liquor is transferred to 500mL volumetric flasks, adds water constant volume, with Flow Analyzer and flame photometer detect full nitrogen, full phosphorus,
The indexs such as full potassium.
(3) experimental result
Nitrogen accumulation leaching extracting rate (%)
Phosphorus accumulation leaching extracting rate (%)
| Project | Fertilizer sample 1 | Fertilizer sample 2 | Fertilizer sample 3 | Fertilizer sample 4 |
| After first time leaching | 8.98 | 8.96 | 12.44 | 12.14 |
| After second of leaching | 13.73 | 13.78 | 17.89 | 17.87 |
| After third time leaching | 16.91 | 17.23 | 21.55 | 21.64 |
| After 4th leaching | 19.92 | 20.15 | 24.74 | 24.88 |
| After 5th leaching | 22.64 | 22.73 | 27.73 | 27.93 |
| After 6th leaching | 25.03 | 25.13 | 30.32 | 30.59 |
| After 7th leaching | 27.43 | 27.57 | 33.11 | 33.31 |
| After 8th leaching | 29.65 | 29.38 | 35.45 | 35.75 |
Potassium accumulation leaching extracting rate (%)
| Project | Fertilizer sample 1 | Fertilizer sample 2 | Fertilizer sample 3 | Fertilizer sample 4 |
| After first time leaching | 11.10 | 13.49 | 23.59 | 22.91 |
| After second of leaching | 15.50 | 17.86 | 30.39 | 30.17 |
| After third time leaching | 19.49 | 22.27 | 36.64 | 36.62 |
| After 4th leaching | 23.38 | 26.66 | 41.25 | 41.09 |
| After 5th leaching | 26.83 | 31.05 | 45.70 | 45.50 |
| After 6th leaching | 30.30 | 35.41 | 50.04 | 49.83 |
| After 7th leaching | 33.56 | 39.58 | 54.36 | 54.19 |
| After 8th leaching | 36.58 | 43.54 | 58.51 | 58.23 |
(4) interpretation of result
The accumulation leaching extracting rate of nutrient is lower in leaching experiment, and the slow release effect for reflecting fertilizer to a certain extent is better.From
It can be seen that in three parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation leaching extracting rate tables：Individually addition lignin can realize three big nutrient of Nitrogen, Phosphorus potassium
Sustained release, individually add pecan shell yeast powder then cannot；But after adding lignin and pecan shell yeast powder simultaneously,
Fertilizer is better than the slow release effect of nitrogen and potassium slow release effect when individually addition lignin, also just illustrates that pecan shell ferments
The addition of powder has facilitation effect to the slow-release function of lignin.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop, which is characterized in that by weight, including following components：
Total lignin levels >=90% of the lignin, phenolic hydroxyl group >=2.5%, methylol >=35%, sulfur content≤1.0%,
Water content≤7%, 80 mesh percent of pass >=95%；The content of organic matter >=80% of the biomass carbon, water content≤10%, 60 mesh
Percent of pass >=95%；The pecan shell yeast powder successively through aerobic fermentation, be crushed, sieve, dry after obtain；Wherein, institute
It is 55~60 DEG C to state fermentation temperature, and the time is 10~15d；The content of organic matter >=60% of the pecan shell yeast powder, contains
Water≤25%, 20 mesh percent of pass >=90%.
2. the special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the Huang of the potassium fulvate
Humic acid content >=75%, water-soluble >=99%, 200 mesh percent of pass >=95%.
3. a kind of cultivating cereal crop using any special organic slow-release fertilizer of cereal crop of claims 1 or 22
Method, which is characterized in that before cereal crop is transplanted or is broadcast live, the special organic slow-release fertilizer of the cereal crop is passed through
The mode of holostrome bottom application or ditch spread is applied in soil, and amount of application is 40~60kg/ mus.
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| CN110105125A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of Fertilizer Combination, application method and application for cereal crops volume increase |
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| CN105272684A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-01-27 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | Efficient fertilizer containing biomass charcoal |
| CN105315084A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-10 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | Synergistic environment-friendly fertilizer aid and fertilizer |
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| CN105272684A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-01-27 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | Efficient fertilizer containing biomass charcoal |
| CN105315084A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-10 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | Synergistic environment-friendly fertilizer aid and fertilizer |
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| "木质素吸附缓释性质及在肥料中的应用;廖俊和等;《土壤肥料》;20041231(第5期);43-45 * |
| 几种农林废弃物发酵基质与常用轻型基质的理化性质比较;朱晓婷等;《浙江林业科技》;20111231;第31卷(第2期);57-60 * |
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Application publication date: 20161207 Assignee: Jinhua Wanli Shennong agricultural science and Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: WANLI SHENNONG Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2021330000391 Denomination of invention: A special organic slow-release fertilizer for cereal crops and its application Granted publication date: 20180724 License type: Common License Record date: 20211012 |