CN106175838B - Backscattering ultrasonic bone diagnosis system based on array probe - Google Patents
Backscattering ultrasonic bone diagnosis system based on array probe Download PDFInfo
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- CN106175838B CN106175838B CN201610805715.3A CN201610805715A CN106175838B CN 106175838 B CN106175838 B CN 106175838B CN 201610805715 A CN201610805715 A CN 201610805715A CN 106175838 B CN106175838 B CN 106175838B
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000000459 calcaneus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
- A61B8/0875—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings for diagnosis of bone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4483—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Public Health (AREA)
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- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
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- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a backscattering ultrasonic bone diagnosis system based on an array probe. The system of the invention comprises: ARM processor, FPGA, LCD display, multichannel analog-to-digital conversion circuit, multichannel high voltage isolation receiving circuit, multichannel high voltage pulse transmitting circuit, pressure sensor detection circuit, integration ultrasonic probe. According to the invention, an integrated ultrasonic array probe is adopted to detect bone, each small ultrasonic transducer in the array excites ultrasonic pulses and receives back scattering signals respectively, bone detection of each position point is completed, and then a processor averages diagnosis results of each point, so that accuracy and stability of measurement data are improved; on the other hand, a pressure sensor circuit is added around the ultrasonic probe array to detect the pressure between the ultrasonic probe and the part to be detected, and ultrasonic detection is performed only when the pressure value is within a prescribed range, thereby improving the stability of the diagnosis result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a backscattering ultrasonic bone diagnosis system based on an array probe.
Background
Ultrasound is considered to be a very potential method for bone diagnosis due to its unique advantages of no loss, no ionizing radiation, real-time, low cost, portability, etc. The ultrasonic diagnosis method of bone mass is mainly classified into an ultrasonic transmission method and a back scattering method. Ultrasonic transmission methods have been developed earlier and are now widely used, and ultrasonic backscattering methods have been attracting more and more attention from researchers in recent years. Compared with the transmission method, the ultrasonic back scattering method has the following advantages: the back scattering method can reflect bone microstructure information; only a single ultrasonic probe is needed for receiving and transmitting, and one probe needs to be sent and received instead of two probes like a transmission method; the measurement can be performed not only at the calcaneus of the human body, but also at other bone sites. However, in the practical use process, the measurement results of the ultrasonic transmission method and the ultrasonic back scattering method are affected by the attaching pressure and the placing position of the probe to a certain extent. When the back scattering method detection is carried out at the calcaneus, if the probe is not tightly attached to the ankle, a correct ultrasonic back scattering signal cannot be received; if the pressure of the probe fitting the ankle is too large, the thickness and density of the soft tissue can be changed, and the detection result of the back scattering signal is affected to a certain extent. On the other hand, since the bone microstructure, soft tissue thickness and density of the calcaneus at different points are slightly different, the detection results at the different points have some differences. Both of the above reasons reduce the accuracy and stability of the ultrasonic back-scattering detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a backscattering ultrasonic bone diagnosis system with high detection accuracy and good stability.
The invention provides a backscattering ultrasonic bone diagnosis system based on an array probe, comprising: ARM processor, FPGA, LCD display, multiple analog-to-digital conversion circuits, multiple high-voltage isolation receiving circuits, multiple high-voltage pulse transmitting circuits, pressure sensor detection circuits, and integrated ultrasonic probe; wherein:
the integrated ultrasonic probe consists of a probe shell protective layer, a small ultrasonic probe array, a pressure sensor and coupling liquid. The small ultrasonic probe array is sealed in the probe shell protection layer filled with coupling liquid, and each small ultrasonic probe can independently send and receive ultrasonic signals; the pressure sensor is buried below the probe shell protection layer of the outer ring and is used for detecting the pressure between the integrated ultrasonic probe and the bone sample to be detected. Wherein, the number N of the ultrasonic probes can be 5-25, and 9 ultrasonic probes are used in one embodiment; the probes in the ultrasonic probe array are arranged in a symmetrical pattern.
The pressure sensor detection circuit is used for measuring impedance between the pressure sensor electrodes so as to detect a pressure value, and converting the pressure value into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital conversion circuit; the FPGA reads the pressure value and transmits the pressure value to the ARM processor through a bus. The ARM processor displays the pressure value on a display and prompts the user to adjust the pressure to within the correct range.
The ARM processor runs a software program, and controls the FPGA through a high-speed bus interface and acquires data; the FPGA firstly controls a pressure sensor detection circuit to obtain a pressure value on the surface of the integrated ultrasonic probe, and the ARM processor displays the pressure value on an interface of the LCD display to prompt a user to increase or decrease the pressure attached to the probe; when the pressure value is in the correct range, the FPGA controls the multi-path high-voltage pulse transmitting circuit, sequentially drives each small ultrasonic probe to transmit ultrasonic pulse signals, and controls the high-voltage isolation receiving circuit and the high-speed analog-to-digital conversion circuit of the corresponding path to acquire back scattering signals; and the FPGA uploads the received ultrasonic back scattering signals to the ARM processor through the high-speed bus.
The working process and principle are as follows: when the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor detection circuit is in the correct range, the FPGA controls the multi-path high-voltage pulse transmitting circuit to control the first miniature ultrasonic transducer to transmit an ultrasonic pulse excitation signal; the ultrasonic waves pass through the interface between the small ultrasonic transducer and the coupling liquid, then pass through the interface between the coupling liquid and the probe protective layer, and then penetrate through the ultrasonic couplant to reach the bone sample to be detected; the ultrasonic wave generates back scattering in the bone sample, and the generated back scattering echo signal penetrates through the ultrasonic couplant, passes through the interface between the probe protective layer and the coupling liquid, and then is received by the miniature ultrasonic transducer through the interface between the coupling liquid and the miniature ultrasonic transducer and is converted into an electric signal. The FPGA controls the multipath high-voltage isolation receiving circuit to receive signals of the corresponding channels, filters and amplifies the signals, then controls the corresponding channels in the multipath analog-to-digital conversion circuit to perform analog-to-digital conversion, and collects back scattering signals of the channels. And then, the FPGA repeats the process and sequentially controls the signal transmission and the signal reception of the small ultrasonic probes of other channels.
After the ultrasonic back scattering signals of all N channels are collected, the FPGA sends the signals to the ARM processor through a high-speed bus. The ARM processor calculates a plurality of backscattering parameters such as apparent integral backscattering coefficient (AIB), backscattering Spectrum Centroid Shift (SCS), backscattering coefficient (BSC) and the like for the backscattering signals received by each small ultrasonic probe, averages the calculation results of the small ultrasonic probe channels, diagnoses the bone condition according to the backscattering parameters after averaging, and displays the bone condition on an LCD display.
The innovation of the invention is that: 1) And detecting the bone by adopting an ultrasonic array probe, respectively exciting ultrasonic pulses and receiving back scattering signals by each small ultrasonic transducer in the array, respectively detecting the bone at each position point, and then averaging the diagnosis results of each point by an ARM processor, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of measured data. 2) The pressure sensor circuit is adopted around the ultrasonic probe array to detect the pressure between the ultrasonic probe and the part to be detected, and ultrasonic detection is carried out only when the pressure value is within a specified range, so that the stability of a diagnosis result is improved.
The invention is quite different from the existing ultrasonic array imaging equipment based on the ultrasonic reflection principle. An existing imaging apparatus based on an ultrasonic array performs imaging by emitting ultrasonic waves to an object to be measured at each point and then converting the amplitude of a reflected wave signal into a pixel value. This technique uses only a single scalar information of the amplitude of the reflected wave signal. In the invention, when each small ultrasonic probe in the ultrasonic array is used, a complete back scattering waveform is obtained, and back scattering parameters are calculated from the whole waveform. The invention adopts the ultrasonic array to carry out area average on the detection results of a plurality of different position points, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the back scattering method detection. In addition, the pressure sensor is adopted to detect the pressure between the integrated ultrasonic probe and the detected object, so that the attaching pressure is ensured to be in a reasonable range during each detection, and the stability and the repeatability of the detection are improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a probe array-based back-scattered ultrasound bone diagnostic system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an integrated ultrasonic probe in the present invention. In fig. 2, only 3 small ultrasonic probes are drawn for clarity of illustration. In one embodiment 9 probes are used to form an array 3*3, as shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a top view block diagram of an integrated ultrasound probe in the present invention.
Reference numerals in the drawings: the ultrasonic bone fracture detection device comprises an ARM processor, an FPGA, a multi-channel analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a multi-channel high-voltage isolation receiving circuit, a pressure sensor detection circuit, a multi-channel high-voltage pulse transmitting circuit, an integrated ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic couplant and a bone sample. 7.1 is a probe housing protective layer, 7.2 is a pressure sensor, 7.3 is a pressure sensor electrode, 7.4 is a small ultrasonic probe array, 7.5 is a small ultrasonic probe electrode, 7.6 is coupling liquid, and 7.7 is a probe housing inner wall.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the probe array-based back-scattered ultrasonic bone diagnosis system of the present invention comprises: the device comprises an ARM processor 1, an FPGA2, a multi-channel analog-to-digital conversion circuit 3, a multi-channel high-voltage isolation receiving circuit 4, a pressure sensor detection circuit 5, a multi-channel high-voltage pulse transmitting circuit 6, an integrated ultrasonic probe 7 and an ultrasonic couplant 8.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the integrated ultrasonic probe of the present invention includes: probe housing protective layer 7.1, pressure sensor 7.2, pressure sensor electrode 7.3, miniature ultrasonic probe array 7.4, miniature ultrasonic probe electrode 7.5, coupling liquid 7.6, probe housing inner wall 7.7. In the figure, the integrated ultrasonic probe can be divided into an inner ring and an outer ring. The lower part of the probe protective layer 7.1 of the inner ring takes the inner wall 7.7 of the probe shell as a boundary and is a cylindrical cavity. The cavity is filled with coupling liquid 7.6. In this example, the coupling liquid 7.6 used was a water-soluble polymer gel having an electrical insulating ability and a low acoustic attenuation coefficient. A small ultrasonic probe array 7.4 is placed in the cavity and is tightly attached to the upper wall of the probe shell protective layer 7.1. The probes in the array are arranged in a symmetrical pattern, in this embodiment 9 miniature ultrasound probes are used, arranged in an array of 3*3, as shown in fig. 3. The small ultrasonic probe electrode 7.5 is led out through the bottom of the probe. In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 7.2 is a metal strain gauge type pressure sensor, which is buried in the outer ring of the probe housing protection layer 7.1, so as to avoid blocking the signal transmission and reception of the small-sized ultrasonic probe 7.4. The pressure sensor electrode 7.3 is hidden in the outer wall of the cavity and is led out through the bottom of the probe.
When the integrated ultrasonic probe 7 is pressed on the surface of the bone sample 9 to be measured, the metal strain gauge in the pressure sensor 7.2 is deformed, so that the impedance of the metal strain gauge is changed. The pressure sensor detection circuit 5 measures the impedance between the pressure sensor electrodes 7.3 by means of pressurized flow, thereby detecting the pressure value and analog-to-digital converting it into a digital signal. The FPGA2 reads the pressure value and transmits it to the ARM processor 1 via a bus. The ARM processor 1 displays the pressure value on a display and prompts the user to adjust the pressure to within the correct range.
When the pressure value is within the correct range, the FPGA2 controls the multi-channel high-voltage pulse transmitting circuit 6 to control the first probe in the miniature ultrasonic probe array 7.4 to transmit an ultrasonic pulse excitation signal. The ultrasonic wave passes through the interface between the small ultrasonic probe and the coupling liquid 7.6, then passes through the interface between the coupling liquid 7.6 and the probe protective layer 7.1, and then penetrates through the ultrasonic couplant 8 to reach the bone sample 9 to be detected. The ultrasound waves are back-scattered in the bone sample 9, and the generated back-scattered echo signals penetrate the ultrasound couplant 8, pass through the interface between the probe cover 7.1 and the coupling liquid 7.6, and then pass through the interface between the coupling liquid 7.6 and the miniature ultrasound probe 7.4, are received by the miniature ultrasound probe 7.4 and are converted into electrical signals. The FPGA2 controls the multipath high-voltage isolation receiving circuit 4 to receive signals of corresponding channels, filters and amplifies the signals, and then controls the corresponding channels in the multipath analog-to-digital conversion circuit 3 to perform analog-to-digital conversion, and collects back scattering signals of the channels. Subsequently, the FPGA2 repeats the above-described process, and sequentially controls signal transmission and reception of the other-channel small-sized ultrasonic probes.
After all 9 channels of ultrasound backscatter signals are acquired, FPGA2 sends these signals to ARM processor 1 over a high speed bus. ARM processor 1 calculates back scattering parameters such as apparent integral back scattering coefficient (AIB), back scattering Spectrum Centroid Shift (SCS), back Scattering Coefficient (BSC) for each channel back scattering signal, and then averages the parameter calculation results of 9 channels. Based on the averaged backscattering parameters, a diagnosis of the bone condition is made and displayed on the LCD display 10.
In this embodiment, ARM processor 1 communicates with FPGA2 via a high-speed bus interface. The ARM processor 1 sends a control command to the FPGA2 through the bus and reads the collected back scattering signals from the FPGA 2. The bus may be an external parallel bus or a serial bus of an ARM processor, in this embodiment an SPI serial bus. The ARM processor 1 displays information such as the acquired waveform, the detected value of the pressure sensor, and the calculated diagnosis result on the LCD display 10.
In this embodiment, the center frequency of the adopted small-sized ultrasonic probe is 3.5MHz, and the frequency of the transmitted ultrasonic pulse signal is generated by the internal logic of the FPGA2, and is also configured to be 3.5MHz. The ultrasonic couplant 8 is an ultrasonic couplant commonly used in ultrasonic medicine.
Claims (3)
1.A back-scattered ultrasound bone diagnostic system based on an array probe, comprising: ARM processor, FPGA, LCD display, multiple analog-to-digital conversion circuits, multiple high-voltage isolation receiving circuits, multiple high-voltage pulse transmitting circuits, pressure sensor detection circuits, and integrated ultrasonic probe; wherein:
the integrated ultrasonic probe consists of a probe shell protective layer, a small ultrasonic probe array, a pressure sensor and coupling liquid; the small ultrasonic probe array is sealed in the probe shell protection layer filled with coupling liquid, and each small ultrasonic probe can independently send and receive ultrasonic signals; the pressure sensor is buried below the probe shell protection layer of the outer ring and is used for detecting the pressure between the integrated ultrasonic probe and the bone sample to be detected;
the pressure sensor detection circuit is used for measuring impedance between the pressure sensor electrodes so as to detect a pressure value, and converting the pressure value into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital conversion circuit; the FPGA reads the pressure value and transmits the pressure value to the ARM processor through a bus; the ARM processor displays the pressure value on a display and prompts a user to adjust the pressure to be within a correct range;
the ARM processor runs a software program, and controls the FPGA through a high-speed bus interface and acquires data; the FPGA firstly controls a pressure sensor detection circuit to obtain a pressure value on the surface of the integrated ultrasonic probe, and the ARM processor displays the pressure value on an interface of the LCD display to prompt a user to increase or decrease the pressure attached to the probe; when the pressure value is in the correct range, the FPGA controls the multi-path high-voltage pulse transmitting circuit, sequentially drives each small ultrasonic probe to transmit ultrasonic pulse signals, and controls the high-voltage isolation receiving circuit and the high-speed analog-to-digital conversion circuit of the corresponding path to acquire back scattering signals; and the FPGA uploads the received ultrasonic back scattering signals to the ARM processor through the high-speed bus.
2. The array probe-based back-scattered ultrasound bone diagnostic system of claim 1, wherein the system operates as follows: when the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor detection circuit is in the correct range, the FPGA controls the multi-path high-voltage pulse transmitting circuit to control the first miniature ultrasonic transducer to transmit an ultrasonic pulse excitation signal; the ultrasonic waves pass through the interface between the small ultrasonic transducer and the coupling liquid, then pass through the interface between the coupling liquid and the probe protective layer, and then penetrate through the ultrasonic couplant to reach the bone sample to be detected; the ultrasonic wave generates back scattering in the bone sample, and the generated back scattering echo signal penetrates through the ultrasonic couplant, passes through the interface between the probe protective layer and the coupling liquid, and then is received by the miniature ultrasonic transducer through the interface between the coupling liquid and the miniature ultrasonic transducer and is converted into an electric signal; the FPGA controls the multipath high-voltage isolation receiving circuit to receive signals of the corresponding channels, filters and amplifies the signals, then controls the corresponding channels in the multipath analog-to-digital conversion circuit to perform analog-to-digital conversion, and collects back scattering signals of the channels; the FPGA repeats the above processes and sequentially controls the signal transmission and the signal reception of the small ultrasonic probes of other channels.
3. The array probe-based back-scattered ultrasound bone diagnostic system of claim 2 wherein after collecting all channels of ultrasound back-scattered signals, the FPGA sends these signals to the ARM processor via the high speed bus; the ARM processor calculates apparent integral backscattering coefficients, backscattering spectrum centroid offset and backscattering coefficients of backscattering signals received by each small ultrasonic probe, averages calculation results of the small ultrasonic probe channels, diagnoses bone conditions according to the backscattering parameters after averaging, and displays the bone conditions on an LCD display.
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| EP3641657A1 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2020-04-29 | Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin | System, method, and computer program product for determining cortical bone characteristics |
| CN108030512A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-15 | 福州大学 | A kind of supersonic array measuring method of ankle arthrosis degree of injury |
| CN109009225A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-18 | 中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所 | Bone detection method, device and borne densitometers |
| CN111839591A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-30 | 苏州触达信息技术有限公司 | Wearable equipment and system based on ultrasonic monitoring blood velocity of flow |
| CN114533125B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2024-05-14 | 西安工业大学 | Bone detection system based on flexible sensor and detection method thereof |
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