CN106127353A - A kind of optimal route search system - Google Patents
A kind of optimal route search system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106127353A CN106127353A CN201610525575.4A CN201610525575A CN106127353A CN 106127353 A CN106127353 A CN 106127353A CN 201610525575 A CN201610525575 A CN 201610525575A CN 106127353 A CN106127353 A CN 106127353A
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Abstract
One optimal route of the present invention search system, including search system and the prediction means that is connected with search system, described prediction means includes that the acquisition module being sequentially connected with, data preprocessing module, data categorization module, stationary test module, Calculation of correlation factor module, threshold value setting module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history correlation matrix generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module.Higher and structure the forecast model of precision of prediction of the present invention is more targeted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to intelligent transportation field, be specifically related to a kind of optimal route search system.
Background technology
Traffic flow passes through the actual vehicle number of a certain section of road in referring to the unit interval, be the weight describing traffic behavior
Want characteristic parameter.The change of traffic flow is again real-time, higher-dimension, non-linear a, stochastic process for non-stationary, correlative factor
Change all may affect the traffic flow of subsequent time.In correlation technique, strong about prediction means limitation in short-term, it was predicted that essence
Spending relatively low, real-time estimate fails to achieve satisfactory results, and fails the Real-time Road to people and selects to provide effectively suggestion, from
And traffic flow forecasting major part rests on the medium-and long-term forecasting of traffic flow.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention provides a kind of optimal route search system.
The purpose of the present invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of optimal route search system, including search system and the prediction means that is connected with search system, described search
The implementation method of system includes:
A. the inquiry request of user is received;
B. search for, from conventional index database, the regular search results being associated with described inquiry request, and from personalized index database
The personalized search results that search is associated with identification information and the described inquiry request of described user;
C. described regular search results and described personalized search results are merged, and send after merging described
Regular search results and described personalized search results.
Preferably, described step b farther includes: is logged in by user and obtains described identification information.
Preferably, described step c farther includes to be ranked up described regular search results, and to described personalization
Search Results is ranked up.
Preferably, it was predicted that device includes the acquisition module being sequentially connected with, data preprocessing module, data categorization module, puts down
Stability inspection module, Calculation of correlation factor module, threshold value setting module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history are relevant
Coefficient matrix generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module:
(1) acquisition module, is used for gathering observation section S in road network Si, prediction section SjThe traffic flow of corresponding each time period
Data and passage situation;
(2) data preprocessing module, for described traffic flow data carries out data prediction, and rejecting does not meets friendship
The data of logical practical situation;
(3) data categorization module, for carrying out classification of type, described class to the traffic flow data through data prediction
Type includes traffic flow data festivals or holidays, traffic flow data at weekend and traffic flow data on working day;
(4) stationary test module, for being in same type of observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiWith prediction
Section SjTraffic flow sequence XjCarrying out stationary test respectively, the auto-correlation function of inspection stationarity is:
Wherein, XxRepresent traffic flow sequence to be tested, νiRepresent the average of traffic flow sequence to be tested, Xx+τRepresent Xx
Traffic flow sequence after time delay τ, νx+τFor Xx+τAverage, σ2For XxWith Xx+τBetween variance;
When auto-correlation function P (τ) can rapid decay level off to 0 or 0 near fluctuation, the most described traffic flow sequence to be tested
Row pass through stationary test;When auto-correlation function P (τ) can not rapid decay level off to 0 or near 0 fluctuate, then treat described
Inspection traffic flow sequence proceeds stationary test after carrying out calm disposing;
(5) Calculation of correlation factor module, for calculating the observation section S by stationary testiTraffic flow sequence Xi
With prediction section SjTraffic flow sequence XjTime correlation coefficient ρ under time delay τij(τ) with space correlation coefficient ρij
W (), if having N number of section, traffic flow sequence X in road network Si=[xi(1),xi(2),...,xi(n)], traffic flow sequencexiT () represents observation section SiAt the flow of t, xjT () represents prediction section SjWhen t
The flow carved, t=1,2 ... n, time correlation coefficient ρij(τ) computing formula is:
Space correlation coefficient ρijW the computing formula of () is:
Preferably, it was predicted that device also includes:
(6) threshold value setting module, is used for time delay maximum L, the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold setting between each section
T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2;
(7) temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, for the time correlation coefficient ρ according to each sectionij(τ) with space phase
Close coefficient ρijW () builds each observation section SiWith prediction section SjTemporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ under different time postpones τ
(τ) ', and calculate the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρ in each sectionij(τ) ', wherein i ∈ [1, N] and τ ∈ [0, L], the span of L be [8,
12], the computing formula of temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ (τ) ' is:
Temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρij(τ) ' computing formula be:
ρij(τ) '=ρij(τ)ρij(w);
(8) history correlation matrix generation module, is used for generating prediction section SjHistory correlation matrix ρ (t):
Wherein, the same period all for nearly M and same type of historical traffic are chosen as traffic flow sequence XjHistory be correlated with
Sequence, is designated asM=1,2 ... the span of M, M is [3,5], described history phase
Close coefficient ρjmT the computing formula of () is:
(9) predictor chooses module, for according to described temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2
Choose the predictor relevant to predicting impact point, and carry out matrix reconstruction according to locus j selected by it with time delay τ,
Selection principle is:
If ρij(τ) ' > T1, then will observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiIn to meet the traffic flow composition of condition new
Sequence and as the first predictor, be denoted as X', X'=(x1',x2',...,xp'), wherein p is the described friendship meeting condition
Through-current capacity number, if L1It is the maximum of time delay, L in the first predictor1=max{ τ | τ ∈ [0, L] and ρij(τ)'
> T1, then the first predictor X' can state following matrix form as:
If ρjm(t) > T2, then by all history correlated series X meeting conditionjmT (), as the second predictor, is denoted as
Y', Y'={y1',y2',...,yq', wherein q is the historical traffic number meeting condition, and the second predictor Y' can be stated as
Following matrix form:
(10) forecast model construction module, it is by coming the first predictor and the second predictor as training sample
Construct the measurable section forecast model in the traffic flow of subsequent time.
Wherein, in described data preprocessing module, the rule of the data not meeting traffic practical situation described in rejecting is:
In one data update cycle, set the threshold range of total traffic flow data in each section respectively, if certain section collected
Total traffic flow data fall in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are reliable, retain this group data;If collecting
Total traffic flow data in certain section fall not in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are unreliable, and picked
Remove.
Wherein, described stationary test module includes following submodule:
(1) syndrome module, for traffic flow sequence and the prediction section being in same type of observation section
Traffic flow sequence carries out stationary test respectively;
(2) continuity check submodule, is connected with syndrome module, for not by the friendship to be tested of stationary test
Through-current capacity sequence carries out continuity check, if the seriality of not meeting, described continuity check submodule uses average interpolation method pair
Data carry out polishing;
(3) misarrangement submodule, is connected with continuity check submodule, for deleting the data of apparent error, uses simultaneously
Average interpolation method carries out polishing to data;
(4) difference processing submodule, connects misarrangement submodule and syndrome module, for poor to the data after polishing
Divisional processing, and the data after difference processing are sent to syndrome module.
The invention have the benefit that
1, data categorization module and stationarity inspection module are set, add the accuracy of data, and make the prediction of structure
Model is more targeted;
2, Calculation of correlation factor module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, the generation of history correlation matrix are set
Module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module, and wherein predictor directly affects precision of prediction, correlation coefficient
It is the index measuring stochastic variable dependency, it is possible to help to choose the variable closely-related with the future position instruction as forecast model
Practice sample, choose multiple correlation coefficient as predictor, eliminate the subjectivity that initial predictor is chosen, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase be pre-
Survey precision, make forecast model construction module more stable and accurate;
3, the space correlation coefficient in Calculation of correlation factor module reflects the accessibility impact on forecast model of road network,
Time correlation coefficient can express the time sequencing of flow sequence, reflects the cause effect relation on two sequence times, thus improves pre-
Survey the efficiency of predictor selection;Due to the Weekly similarity of traffic flow, introduce the history phase of history correlation matrix generation module
Close coefficient, with time correlation coefficient and space correlation coefficient with the use of, provide more data support for Accurate Prediction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The invention will be further described to utilize accompanying drawing, but the embodiment in accompanying drawing does not constitute any limit to the present invention
System, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain according to the following drawings
Other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the connection diagram of each module of prediction means of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that the present invention searches for the implementation method of system.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with the following Examples.
Embodiment 1
See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the present embodiment one optimal route search system, be connected including search system with search system
Prediction means, the implementation method of described search system includes:
A. the inquiry request of user is received;
B. search for, from conventional index database, the regular search results being associated with described inquiry request, and from personalized index database
The personalized search results that search is associated with identification information and the described inquiry request of described user;
C. described regular search results and described personalized search results are merged, and send after merging described
Regular search results and described personalized search results.
Preferably, described step b farther includes: is logged in by user and obtains described identification information.
Preferably, described step c farther includes to be ranked up described regular search results, and to described personalization
Search Results is ranked up.
Preferably, it was predicted that device includes the acquisition module being sequentially connected with, data preprocessing module, data categorization module, puts down
Stability inspection module, Calculation of correlation factor module, threshold value setting module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history are relevant
Coefficient matrix generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module:
(1) acquisition module, is used for gathering observation section S in road network Si, prediction section SjThe traffic flow of corresponding each time period
Data and passage situation;
(2) data preprocessing module, for described traffic flow data carries out data prediction, and rejecting does not meets friendship
The data of logical practical situation;
(3) data categorization module, for carrying out classification of type, described class to the traffic flow data through data prediction
Type includes traffic flow data festivals or holidays, traffic flow data at weekend and traffic flow data on working day;
(4) stationary test module, for being in same type of observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiWith prediction
Section SjTraffic flow sequence XjCarrying out stationary test respectively, the auto-correlation function of inspection stationarity is:
Wherein, XxRepresent traffic flow sequence to be tested, νiRepresent the average of traffic flow sequence to be tested, Xx+τRepresent Xx
Traffic flow sequence after time delay τ, νx+τFor Xx+τAverage, σ2For XxWith Xx+τBetween variance;
When auto-correlation function P (τ) can rapid decay level off to 0 or 0 near fluctuation, the most described traffic flow sequence to be tested
Row pass through stationary test;When auto-correlation function P (τ) can not rapid decay level off to 0 or near 0 fluctuate, then treat described
Inspection traffic flow sequence proceeds stationary test after carrying out calm disposing;
(5) Calculation of correlation factor module, for calculating the observation section S by stationary testiTraffic flow sequence Xi
With prediction section SjTraffic flow sequence XjTime correlation coefficient ρ under time delay τij(τ) with space correlation coefficient ρij
W (), if having N number of section, traffic flow sequence X in road network Si=[xi(1),xi(2),...,xi(n)], traffic flow sequencexiT () represents observation section SiAt the flow of t, xjT () represents prediction section SjWhen t
The flow carved, t=1,2 ... n, time correlation coefficient ρij(τ) computing formula is:
Space correlation coefficient ρijW the computing formula of () is:
Preferably, it was predicted that device also includes:
(6) threshold value setting module, is used for time delay maximum L, the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold setting between each section
T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2;
(7) temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, for the time correlation coefficient ρ according to each sectionij(τ) with space phase
Close coefficient ρijW () builds each observation section SiWith prediction section SjTemporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ under different time postpones τ
(τ) ', and calculate the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρ in each sectionij(τ) ', wherein i ∈ [1, N] and τ ∈ [0, L], the span of L be [8,
12], the computing formula of temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ (τ) ' is:
Temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρij(τ) ' computing formula be:
ρij(τ) '=ρij(τ)ρij(w);
(8) history correlation matrix generation module, is used for generating prediction section SjHistory correlation matrix ρ (t):
Wherein, the same period all for nearly M and same type of historical traffic are chosen as traffic flow sequence XjHistory be correlated with
Sequence, is designated asM=1,2 ... the span of M, M is [3,5], described history phase
Close coefficient ρjmT the computing formula of () is:
(9) predictor chooses module, for according to described temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2
Choose the predictor relevant to predicting impact point, and carry out matrix reconstruction according to locus j selected by it with time delay τ,
Selection principle is:
If ρij(τ) ' > T1, then will observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiIn to meet the traffic flow composition of condition new
Sequence and as the first predictor, be denoted as X', X'=(x1',x2',...,xp'), wherein p is the described friendship meeting condition
Through-current capacity number, if L1It is the maximum of time delay, L in the first predictor1=max{ τ | τ ∈ [0, L] and ρij(τ)'
> T1, then the first predictor X' can state following matrix form as:
If ρjm(t) > T2, then by all history correlated series X meeting conditionjmT (), as the second predictor, is denoted as
Y', Y'={y1',y2',...,yq', wherein q is the historical traffic number meeting condition, and the second predictor Y' can be stated as
Following matrix form:
(10) forecast model construction module, it is by coming the first predictor and the second predictor as training sample
Construct the measurable section forecast model in the traffic flow of subsequent time.
Wherein, in described data preprocessing module, the rule of the data not meeting traffic practical situation described in rejecting is:
In one data update cycle, set the threshold range of total traffic flow data in each section respectively, if certain section collected
Total traffic flow data fall in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are reliable, retain this group data;If collecting
Total traffic flow data in certain section fall not in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are unreliable, and picked
Remove.
Wherein, described stationary test module includes following submodule:
(1) syndrome module, for traffic flow sequence and the prediction section being in same type of observation section
Traffic flow sequence carries out stationary test respectively;
(2) continuity check submodule, is connected with syndrome module, for not by the friendship to be tested of stationary test
Through-current capacity sequence carries out continuity check, if the seriality of not meeting, described continuity check submodule uses average interpolation method pair
Data carry out polishing;
(3) misarrangement submodule, is connected with continuity check submodule, for deleting the data of apparent error, uses simultaneously
Average interpolation method carries out polishing to data;
(4) difference processing submodule, connects misarrangement submodule and syndrome module, for poor to the data after polishing
Divisional processing, and the data after difference processing are sent to syndrome module.
The present embodiment arranges data categorization module and stationarity inspection module, adds the accuracy of data, and makes structure
Forecast model more targeted;Calculation of correlation factor module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history phase relation are set
Matrix number generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module, eliminate the master that initial predictor is chosen
The property seen, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase precision of prediction, makes forecast model construction module more stable and accurate;The present embodiment value L=8, M=3,
Precision of prediction improves 1.5% relative to correlation technique.
Embodiment 2
See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the present embodiment one optimal route search system, be connected including search system with search system
Prediction means, the implementation method of described search system includes:
A. the inquiry request of user is received;
B. search for, from conventional index database, the regular search results being associated with described inquiry request, and from personalized index database
The personalized search results that search is associated with identification information and the described inquiry request of described user;
C. described regular search results and described personalized search results are merged, and send after merging described
Regular search results and described personalized search results.
Preferably, described step b farther includes: is logged in by user and obtains described identification information.
Preferably, described step c farther includes to be ranked up described regular search results, and to described personalization
Search Results is ranked up.
Preferably, it was predicted that device includes the acquisition module being sequentially connected with, data preprocessing module, data categorization module, puts down
Stability inspection module, Calculation of correlation factor module, threshold value setting module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history are relevant
Coefficient matrix generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module:
(1) acquisition module, is used for gathering observation section S in road network Si, prediction section SjThe traffic flow of corresponding each time period
Data and passage situation;
(2) data preprocessing module, for described traffic flow data carries out data prediction, and rejecting does not meets friendship
The data of logical practical situation;
(3) data categorization module, for carrying out classification of type, described class to the traffic flow data through data prediction
Type includes traffic flow data festivals or holidays, traffic flow data at weekend and traffic flow data on working day;
(4) stationary test module, for being in same type of observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiWith prediction
Section SjTraffic flow sequence XjCarrying out stationary test respectively, the auto-correlation function of inspection stationarity is:
Wherein, XxRepresent traffic flow sequence to be tested, νiRepresent the average of traffic flow sequence to be tested, Xx+τRepresent Xx
Traffic flow sequence after time delay τ, νx+τFor Xx+τAverage, σ2For XxWith Xx+τBetween variance;
When auto-correlation function P (τ) can rapid decay level off to 0 or 0 near fluctuation, the most described traffic flow sequence to be tested
Row pass through stationary test;When auto-correlation function P (τ) can not rapid decay level off to 0 or near 0 fluctuate, then treat described
Inspection traffic flow sequence proceeds stationary test after carrying out calm disposing;
(5) Calculation of correlation factor module, for calculating the observation section S by stationary testiTraffic flow sequence Xi
With prediction section SjTraffic flow sequence XjTime correlation coefficient ρ under time delay τij(τ) with space correlation coefficient ρij
W (), if having N number of section, traffic flow sequence X in road network Si=[xi(1),xi(2),...,xi(n)], traffic flow sequencexiT () represents observation section SiAt the flow of t, xjT () represents prediction section SjWhen t
The flow carved, t=1,2 ... n, time correlation coefficient ρij(τ) computing formula is:
Space correlation coefficient ρijW the computing formula of () is:
Preferably, it was predicted that device also includes:
(6) threshold value setting module, is used for time delay maximum L, the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold setting between each section
T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2;
(7) temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, for the time correlation coefficient ρ according to each sectionij(τ) with space phase
Close coefficient ρijW () builds each observation section SiWith prediction section SjTemporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ under different time postpones τ
(τ) ', and calculate the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρ in each sectionij(τ) ', wherein i ∈ [1, N] and τ ∈ [0, L], the span of L be [8,
12], the computing formula of temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ (τ) ' is:
Temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρij(τ) ' computing formula be:
ρij(τ) '=ρij(τ)ρij(w);
(8) history correlation matrix generation module, is used for generating prediction section SjHistory correlation matrix ρ (t):
Wherein, the same period all for nearly M and same type of historical traffic are chosen as traffic flow sequence XjHistory be correlated with
Sequence, is designated asM=1,2 ... the span of M, M is [3,5], described history phase
Close coefficient ρjmT the computing formula of () is:
(9) predictor chooses module, for according to described temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2
Choose the predictor relevant to predicting impact point, and carry out matrix reconstruction according to locus j selected by it with time delay τ,
Selection principle is:
If ρij(τ) ' > T1, then will observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiIn to meet the traffic flow composition of condition new
Sequence and as the first predictor, be denoted as X', X'=(x1',x2',...,xp'), wherein p is the described friendship meeting condition
Through-current capacity number, if L1It is the maximum of time delay, L in the first predictor1=max{ τ | τ ∈ [0, L] and ρij(τ)'
> T1, then the first predictor X' can state following matrix form as:
If ρjm(t) > T2, then by all history correlated series X meeting conditionjmT (), as the second predictor, is denoted as
Y', Y'={y1',y2',...,yq', wherein q is the historical traffic number meeting condition, and the second predictor Y' can be stated as
Following matrix form:
(10) forecast model construction module, it is by coming the first predictor and the second predictor as training sample
Construct the measurable section forecast model in the traffic flow of subsequent time.
Wherein, in described data preprocessing module, the rule of the data not meeting traffic practical situation described in rejecting is:
In one data update cycle, set the threshold range of total traffic flow data in each section respectively, if certain section collected
Total traffic flow data fall in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are reliable, retain this group data;If collecting
Total traffic flow data in certain section fall not in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are unreliable, and picked
Remove.
Wherein, described stationary test module includes following submodule:
(1) syndrome module, for traffic flow sequence and the prediction section being in same type of observation section
Traffic flow sequence carries out stationary test respectively;
(2) continuity check submodule, is connected with syndrome module, for not by the friendship to be tested of stationary test
Through-current capacity sequence carries out continuity check, if the seriality of not meeting, described continuity check submodule uses average interpolation method pair
Data carry out polishing;
(3) misarrangement submodule, is connected with continuity check submodule, for deleting the data of apparent error, uses simultaneously
Average interpolation method carries out polishing to data;
(4) difference processing submodule, connects misarrangement submodule and syndrome module, for poor to the data after polishing
Divisional processing, and the data after difference processing are sent to syndrome module.
The present embodiment arranges data categorization module and stationarity inspection module, adds the accuracy of data, and makes structure
Forecast model more targeted;Calculation of correlation factor module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history phase relation are set
Matrix number generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module, eliminate the master that initial predictor is chosen
The property seen, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase precision of prediction, makes forecast model construction module more stable and accurate;The present embodiment value L=9, M=3,
Precision of prediction improves 2% relative to correlation technique.
Embodiment 3
See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the present embodiment one optimal route search system, be connected including search system with search system
Prediction means, the implementation method of described search system includes:
A. the inquiry request of user is received;
B. search for, from conventional index database, the regular search results being associated with described inquiry request, and from personalized index database
The personalized search results that search is associated with identification information and the described inquiry request of described user;
C. described regular search results and described personalized search results are merged, and send after merging described
Regular search results and described personalized search results.
Preferably, described step b farther includes: is logged in by user and obtains described identification information.
Preferably, described step c farther includes to be ranked up described regular search results, and to described personalization
Search Results is ranked up.
Preferably, it was predicted that device includes the acquisition module being sequentially connected with, data preprocessing module, data categorization module, puts down
Stability inspection module, Calculation of correlation factor module, threshold value setting module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history are relevant
Coefficient matrix generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module:
(1) acquisition module, is used for gathering observation section S in road network Si, prediction section SjThe traffic flow of corresponding each time period
Data and passage situation;
(2) data preprocessing module, for described traffic flow data carries out data prediction, and rejecting does not meets friendship
The data of logical practical situation;
(3) data categorization module, for carrying out classification of type, described class to the traffic flow data through data prediction
Type includes traffic flow data festivals or holidays, traffic flow data at weekend and traffic flow data on working day;
(4) stationary test module, for being in same type of observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiWith prediction
Section SjTraffic flow sequence XjCarrying out stationary test respectively, the auto-correlation function of inspection stationarity is:
Wherein, XxRepresent traffic flow sequence to be tested, νiRepresent the average of traffic flow sequence to be tested, Xx+τRepresent Xx
Traffic flow sequence after time delay τ, νx+τFor Xx+τAverage, σ2For XxWith Xx+τBetween variance;
When auto-correlation function P (τ) can rapid decay level off to 0 or 0 near fluctuation, the most described traffic flow sequence to be tested
Row pass through stationary test;When auto-correlation function P (τ) can not rapid decay level off to 0 or near 0 fluctuate, then treat described
Inspection traffic flow sequence proceeds stationary test after carrying out calm disposing;
(5) Calculation of correlation factor module, for calculating the observation section S by stationary testiTraffic flow sequence Xi
With prediction section SjTraffic flow sequence XjTime correlation coefficient ρ under time delay τij(τ) with space correlation coefficient ρij
W (), if having N number of section, traffic flow sequence X in road network Si=[xi(1),xi(2),...,xi(n)], traffic flow sequencexiT () represents observation section SiAt the flow of t, xjT () represents prediction section SjWhen t
The flow carved, t=1,2 ... n, time correlation coefficient ρij(τ) computing formula is:
Space correlation coefficient ρijW the computing formula of () is:
Preferably, it was predicted that device also includes:
(6) threshold value setting module, is used for time delay maximum L, the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold setting between each section
T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2;
(7) temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, for the time correlation coefficient ρ according to each sectionij(τ) with space phase
Close coefficient ρijW () builds each observation section SiWith prediction section SjTemporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ under different time postpones τ
(τ) ', and calculate the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρ in each sectionij(τ) ', wherein i ∈ [1, N] and τ ∈ [0, L], the span of L be [8,
12], the computing formula of temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ (τ) ' is:
Temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρij(τ) ' computing formula be:
ρij(τ) '=ρij(τ)ρij(w);
(8) history correlation matrix generation module, is used for generating prediction section SjHistory correlation matrix ρ (t):
Wherein, the same period all for nearly M and same type of historical traffic are chosen as traffic flow sequence XjHistory be correlated with
Sequence, is designated asM=1,2 ... the span of M, M is [3,5], described history phase
Close coefficient ρjmT the computing formula of () is:
(9) predictor chooses module, for according to described temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2
Choose the predictor relevant to predicting impact point, and carry out matrix reconstruction according to locus j selected by it with time delay τ,
Selection principle is:
If ρij(τ) ' > T1, then will observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiIn to meet the traffic flow composition of condition new
Sequence and as the first predictor, be denoted as X', X'=(x1',x2',...,xp'), wherein p is the described friendship meeting condition
Through-current capacity number, if L1It is the maximum of time delay, L in the first predictor1=max{ τ | τ ∈ [0, L] and ρij(τ)'
> T1, then the first predictor X' can state following matrix form as:
If ρjm(t) > T2, then by all history correlated series X meeting conditionjmT (), as the second predictor, is denoted as
Y', Y'={y1',y2',...,yq', wherein q is the historical traffic number meeting condition, and the second predictor Y' can be stated as
Following matrix form:
(10) forecast model construction module, it is by coming the first predictor and the second predictor as training sample
Construct the measurable section forecast model in the traffic flow of subsequent time.
Wherein, in described data preprocessing module, the rule of the data not meeting traffic practical situation described in rejecting is:
In one data update cycle, set the threshold range of total traffic flow data in each section respectively, if certain section collected
Total traffic flow data fall in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are reliable, retain this group data;If collecting
Total traffic flow data in certain section fall not in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are unreliable, and picked
Remove.
Wherein, described stationary test module includes following submodule:
(1) syndrome module, for traffic flow sequence and the prediction section being in same type of observation section
Traffic flow sequence carries out stationary test respectively;
(2) continuity check submodule, is connected with syndrome module, for not by the friendship to be tested of stationary test
Through-current capacity sequence carries out continuity check, if the seriality of not meeting, described continuity check submodule uses average interpolation method pair
Data carry out polishing;
(3) misarrangement submodule, is connected with continuity check submodule, for deleting the data of apparent error, uses simultaneously
Average interpolation method carries out polishing to data;
(4) difference processing submodule, connects misarrangement submodule and syndrome module, for poor to the data after polishing
Divisional processing, and the data after difference processing are sent to syndrome module.
The present embodiment arranges data categorization module and stationarity inspection module, adds the accuracy of data, and makes structure
Forecast model more targeted;Calculation of correlation factor module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history phase relation are set
Matrix number generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module, eliminate the master that initial predictor is chosen
The property seen, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase precision of prediction, makes forecast model construction module more stable and accurate;The present embodiment value L=10, M=
4, it was predicted that precision improves 2.6% relative to correlation technique.
Embodiment 4
See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the present embodiment one optimal route search system, be connected including search system with search system
Prediction means, the implementation method of described search system includes:
A. the inquiry request of user is received;
B. search for, from conventional index database, the regular search results being associated with described inquiry request, and from personalized index database
The personalized search results that search is associated with identification information and the described inquiry request of described user;
C. described regular search results and described personalized search results are merged, and send after merging described
Regular search results and described personalized search results.
Preferably, described step b farther includes: is logged in by user and obtains described identification information.
Preferably, described step c farther includes to be ranked up described regular search results, and to described personalization
Search Results is ranked up.
Preferably, it was predicted that device includes the acquisition module being sequentially connected with, data preprocessing module, data categorization module, puts down
Stability inspection module, Calculation of correlation factor module, threshold value setting module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history are relevant
Coefficient matrix generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module:
(1) acquisition module, is used for gathering observation section S in road network Si, prediction section SjThe traffic flow of corresponding each time period
Data and passage situation;
(2) data preprocessing module, for described traffic flow data carries out data prediction, and rejecting does not meets friendship
The data of logical practical situation;
(3) data categorization module, for carrying out classification of type, described class to the traffic flow data through data prediction
Type includes traffic flow data festivals or holidays, traffic flow data at weekend and traffic flow data on working day;
(4) stationary test module, for being in same type of observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiWith prediction
Section SjTraffic flow sequence XjCarrying out stationary test respectively, the auto-correlation function of inspection stationarity is:
Wherein, XxRepresent traffic flow sequence to be tested, νiRepresent the average of traffic flow sequence to be tested, Xx+τRepresent Xx
Traffic flow sequence after time delay τ, νx+τFor Xx+τAverage, σ2For XxWith Xx+τBetween variance;
When auto-correlation function P (τ) can rapid decay level off to 0 or 0 near fluctuation, the most described traffic flow sequence to be tested
Row pass through stationary test;When auto-correlation function P (τ) can not rapid decay level off to 0 or near 0 fluctuate, then treat described
Inspection traffic flow sequence proceeds stationary test after carrying out calm disposing;
(5) Calculation of correlation factor module, for calculating the observation section S by stationary testiTraffic flow sequence Xi
With prediction section SjTraffic flow sequence XjTime correlation coefficient ρ under time delay τij(τ) with space correlation coefficient ρij
W (), if having N number of section, traffic flow sequence X in road network Si=[xi(1),xi(2),...,xi(n)], traffic flow sequencexiT () represents observation section SiAt the flow of t, xjT () represents prediction section SjWhen t
The flow carved, t=1,2 ... n, time correlation coefficient ρij(τ) computing formula is:
Space correlation coefficient ρijW the computing formula of () is:
Preferably, it was predicted that device also includes:
(6) threshold value setting module, is used for time delay maximum L, the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold setting between each section
T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2;
(7) temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, for the time correlation coefficient ρ according to each sectionij(τ) with space phase
Close coefficient ρijW () builds each observation section SiWith prediction section SjTemporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ under different time postpones τ
(τ) ', and calculate the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρ in each sectionij(τ) ', wherein i ∈ [1, N] and τ ∈ [0, L], the span of L be [8,
12], the computing formula of temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ (τ) ' is:
Temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρij(τ) ' computing formula be:
ρij(τ) '=ρij(τ)ρij(w);
(8) history correlation matrix generation module, is used for generating prediction section SjHistory correlation matrix ρ (t):
Wherein, the same period all for nearly M and same type of historical traffic are chosen as traffic flow sequence XjHistory be correlated with
Sequence, is designated asM=1,2 ... the span of M, M is [3,5], described history phase
Close coefficient ρjmT the computing formula of () is:
(9) predictor chooses module, for according to described temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2
Choose the predictor relevant to predicting impact point, and carry out matrix reconstruction according to locus j selected by it with time delay τ,
Selection principle is:
If ρij(τ) ' > T1, then will observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiIn to meet the traffic flow composition of condition new
Sequence and as the first predictor, be denoted as X', X'=(x1',x2',...,xp'), wherein p is the described friendship meeting condition
Through-current capacity number, if L1It is the maximum of time delay, L in the first predictor1=max{ τ | τ ∈ [0, L] and ρij(τ)'
> T1, then the first predictor X' can state following matrix form as:
If ρjm(t) > T2, then by all history correlated series X meeting conditionjmT (), as the second predictor, is denoted as
Y', Y'={y1',y2',...,yq', wherein q is the historical traffic number meeting condition, and the second predictor Y' can be stated as
Following matrix form:
(10) forecast model construction module, it is by coming the first predictor and the second predictor as training sample
Construct the measurable section forecast model in the traffic flow of subsequent time.
Wherein, in described data preprocessing module, the rule of the data not meeting traffic practical situation described in rejecting is:
In one data update cycle, set the threshold range of total traffic flow data in each section respectively, if certain section collected
Total traffic flow data fall in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are reliable, retain this group data;If collecting
Total traffic flow data in certain section fall not in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are unreliable, and picked
Remove.
Wherein, described stationary test module includes following submodule:
(1) syndrome module, for traffic flow sequence and the prediction section being in same type of observation section
Traffic flow sequence carries out stationary test respectively;
(2) continuity check submodule, is connected with syndrome module, for not by the friendship to be tested of stationary test
Through-current capacity sequence carries out continuity check, if the seriality of not meeting, described continuity check submodule uses average interpolation method pair
Data carry out polishing;
(3) misarrangement submodule, is connected with continuity check submodule, for deleting the data of apparent error, uses simultaneously
Average interpolation method carries out polishing to data;
(4) difference processing submodule, connects misarrangement submodule and syndrome module, for poor to the data after polishing
Divisional processing, and the data after difference processing are sent to syndrome module.
The present embodiment arranges data categorization module and stationarity inspection module, adds the accuracy of data, and makes structure
Forecast model more targeted;Calculation of correlation factor module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history phase relation are set
Matrix number generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module, eliminate the master that initial predictor is chosen
The property seen, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase precision of prediction, makes forecast model construction module more stable and accurate;The present embodiment value L=11, M=
5, it was predicted that precision improves 3.2% relative to correlation technique.
Embodiment 5
See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the present embodiment one optimal route search system, be connected including search system with search system
Prediction means, the implementation method of described search system includes:
A. the inquiry request of user is received;
B. search for, from conventional index database, the regular search results being associated with described inquiry request, and from personalized index database
The personalized search results that search is associated with identification information and the described inquiry request of described user;
C. described regular search results and described personalized search results are merged, and send after merging described
Regular search results and described personalized search results.
Preferably, described step b farther includes: is logged in by user and obtains described identification information.
Preferably, described step c farther includes to be ranked up described regular search results, and to described personalization
Search Results is ranked up.
Preferably, it was predicted that device includes the acquisition module being sequentially connected with, data preprocessing module, data categorization module, puts down
Stability inspection module, Calculation of correlation factor module, threshold value setting module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history are relevant
Coefficient matrix generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module:
(1) acquisition module, is used for gathering observation section S in road network Si, prediction section SjThe traffic flow of corresponding each time period
Data and passage situation;
(2) data preprocessing module, for described traffic flow data carries out data prediction, and rejecting does not meets friendship
The data of logical practical situation;
(3) data categorization module, for carrying out classification of type, described class to the traffic flow data through data prediction
Type includes traffic flow data festivals or holidays, traffic flow data at weekend and traffic flow data on working day;
(4) stationary test module, for being in same type of observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiWith prediction
Section SjTraffic flow sequence XjCarrying out stationary test respectively, the auto-correlation function of inspection stationarity is:
Wherein, XxRepresent traffic flow sequence to be tested, νiRepresent the average of traffic flow sequence to be tested, Xx+τRepresent Xx
Traffic flow sequence after time delay τ, νx+τFor Xx+τAverage, σ2For XxWith Xx+τBetween variance;
When auto-correlation function P (τ) can rapid decay level off to 0 or 0 near fluctuation, the most described traffic flow sequence to be tested
Row pass through stationary test;When auto-correlation function P (τ) can not rapid decay level off to 0 or near 0 fluctuate, then treat described
Inspection traffic flow sequence proceeds stationary test after carrying out calm disposing;
(5) Calculation of correlation factor module, for calculating the observation section S by stationary testiTraffic flow sequence Xi
With prediction section SjTraffic flow sequence XjTime correlation coefficient ρ under time delay τij(τ) with space correlation coefficient ρij
W (), if having N number of section, traffic flow sequence X in road network Si=[xi(1),xi(2),...,xi(n)], traffic flow sequencexiT () represents observation section SiAt the flow of t, xjT () represents prediction section SjWhen t
The flow carved, t=1,2 ... n, time correlation coefficient ρij(τ) computing formula is:
Space correlation coefficient ρijW the computing formula of () is:
Preferably, it was predicted that device also includes:
(6) threshold value setting module, is used for time delay maximum L, the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold setting between each section
T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2;
(7) temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, for the time correlation coefficient ρ according to each sectionij(τ) with space phase
Close coefficient ρijW () builds each observation section SiWith prediction section SjTemporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ under different time postpones τ
(τ) ', and calculate the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρ in each sectionij(τ) ', wherein i ∈ [1, N] and τ ∈ [0, L], the span of L be [8,
12], the computing formula of temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ (τ) ' is:
Temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρij(τ) ' computing formula be:
ρij(τ) '=ρij(τ)ρij(w);
(8) history correlation matrix generation module, is used for generating prediction section SjHistory correlation matrix ρ (t):
Wherein, the same period all for nearly M and same type of historical traffic are chosen as traffic flow sequence XjHistory be correlated with
Sequence, is designated asM=1,2 ... the span of M, M is [3,5], described history phase
Close coefficient ρjmT the computing formula of () is:
(9) predictor chooses module, for according to described temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2
Choose the predictor relevant to predicting impact point, and carry out matrix reconstruction according to locus j selected by it with time delay τ,
Selection principle is:
If ρij(τ) ' > T1, then will observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiIn to meet the traffic flow composition of condition new
Sequence and as the first predictor, be denoted as X', X'=(x1',x2',...,xp'), wherein p is the described friendship meeting condition
Through-current capacity number, if L1It is the maximum of time delay, L in the first predictor1=max{ τ | τ ∈ [0, L] | and ρij(τ)'
> T1, then the first predictor X' can state following matrix form as:
If ρjm(t) > T2, then by all history correlated series X meeting conditionjmT (), as the second predictor, is denoted as
Y',
Y'={y1',y2',...,yq', wherein q is the historical traffic number meeting condition, and the second predictor Y' can table
State into following matrix form:
(10) forecast model construction module, it is by coming the first predictor and the second predictor as training sample
Construct the measurable section forecast model in the traffic flow of subsequent time.
Wherein, in described data preprocessing module, the rule of the data not meeting traffic practical situation described in rejecting is:
In one data update cycle, set the threshold range of total traffic flow data in each section respectively, if certain section collected
Total traffic flow data fall in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are reliable, retain this group data;If collecting
Total traffic flow data in certain section fall not in corresponding threshold range, then show that these group data are unreliable, and picked
Remove.
Wherein, described stationary test module includes following submodule:
(1) syndrome module, for traffic flow sequence and the prediction section being in same type of observation section
Traffic flow sequence carries out stationary test respectively;
(2) continuity check submodule, is connected with syndrome module, for not by the friendship to be tested of stationary test
Through-current capacity sequence carries out continuity check, if the seriality of not meeting, described continuity check submodule uses average interpolation method pair
Data carry out polishing;
(3) misarrangement submodule, is connected with continuity check submodule, for deleting the data of apparent error, uses simultaneously
Average interpolation method carries out polishing to data;
(4) difference processing submodule, connects misarrangement submodule and syndrome module, for poor to the data after polishing
Divisional processing, and the data after difference processing are sent to syndrome module.
The present embodiment arranges data categorization module and stationarity inspection module, adds the accuracy of data, and makes structure
Forecast model more targeted;Calculation of correlation factor module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history phase relation are set
Matrix number generation module, predictor choose module and forecast model construction module, eliminate the master that initial predictor is chosen
The property seen, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase precision of prediction, makes forecast model construction module more stable and accurate;The present embodiment value L=12, M=
5, it was predicted that precision improves 3.5% relative to correlation technique.
Last it should be noted that, above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, rather than the present invention is protected
Protecting the restriction of scope, although having made to explain to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art should
Work as understanding, technical scheme can be modified or equivalent, without deviating from the reality of technical solution of the present invention
Matter and scope.
Claims (7)
1. an optimal route search system, including search system and the prediction means that is connected with search system, described search system
The implementation method of system includes:
A. the inquiry request of user is received;
B. search for, from conventional index database, the regular search results being associated with described inquiry request, and from personalized index database search
The personalized search results being associated with identification information and the described inquiry request of described user;
C. described regular search results and described personalized search results are merged, and send the described routine after merging
Search Results and described personalized search results.
A kind of optimal route search system the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step b farther includes: logical
Cross user's login and obtain described identification information.
A kind of optimal route search system the most according to claim 2, is characterized in that, it is right that described step c farther includes
Described regular search results is ranked up, and is ranked up described personalized search results.
A kind of optimal route search system the most according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described prediction means includes connecting successively
The acquisition module that connects, data preprocessing module, data categorization module, stationary test module, Calculation of correlation factor module, threshold value
Setting module, temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, history correlation matrix generation module, predictor choose module and
Forecast model construction module:
(1) acquisition module, is used for gathering observation section S in road network Si, prediction section SjThe traffic flow data of corresponding each time period
And passage situation;
(2) data preprocessing module, for described traffic flow data carries out data prediction, and rejecting does not meets traffic in fact
The data of border situation;
(3) data categorization module, for carrying out classification of type, described type bag to the traffic flow data through data prediction
Include traffic flow data festivals or holidays, traffic flow data at weekend and traffic flow data on working day;
(4) stationary test module, for being in same type of observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiWith prediction section
SjTraffic flow sequence XjCarrying out stationary test respectively, the auto-correlation function of inspection stationarity is:
Wherein, XxRepresent traffic flow sequence to be tested, viRepresent the average of traffic flow sequence to be tested, Xx+τRepresent XxTime
Between postpone the traffic flow sequence after τ, vx+τFor Xx+τAverage, σ2For XxWith Xx+τBetween variance;
When auto-correlation function P (τ) can level off to 0 or fluctuate 0 near by rapid decay, and the most described traffic flow sequence to be tested is logical
Cross stationary test;When auto-correlation function P (τ) can not rapid decay level off to 0 or near 0 fluctuate, then to described to be tested
Traffic flow sequence proceeds stationary test after carrying out calm disposing;
(5) Calculation of correlation factor module, for calculating the observation section S by stationary testiTraffic flow sequence XiWith in advance
Survey section SjTraffic flow sequence XjTime correlation coefficient ρ under time delay τij(τ) with space correlation coefficient ρij(w),
If having N number of section, traffic flow sequence X in road network Si=[xi(1),xi(2),...,xi(n)], traffic flow sequencexiT () represents observation section SiAt the flow of t, xjT () represents prediction section SjWhen t
The flow carved, t=1,2 ... n, time correlation coefficient ρij(τ) computing formula is:
Space correlation coefficient ρijW the computing formula of () is:
。
A kind of optimal route search system the most according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
(6) threshold value setting module, for setting time delay maximum L, the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold T between each section1With go through
History correlation coefficient threshold T2;
(7) temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix generation module, for the time correlation coefficient ρ according to each sectionij(τ) with space correlation system
Number ρijW () builds each observation section SiWith prediction section SjTemporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ (τ) ' under different time postpones τ,
And calculate the temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρ in each sectionij(τ) ', wherein i ∈ [1, N] and τ ∈ [0, L], the span of L is [8,12],
The computing formula of temporal and spatial correlations coefficient matrix ρ (τ) ' is:
Temporal and spatial correlations coefficient ρij(τ) ' computing formula be:
ρij(τ) '=ρij(τ)ρij(w);
(8) history correlation matrix generation module, is used for generating prediction section SjHistory correlation matrix ρ (t):
Wherein, the same period all for nearly M and same type of historical traffic are chosen as traffic flow sequence XjHistory correlated series,
It is designated asM=1,2 ... the span of M, M is [3,5], described history phase relation
Number ρjmT the computing formula of () is:
(9) predictor chooses module, for according to described temporal and spatial correlations coefficient threshold T1With history correlation coefficient threshold T2Choose
The predictor relevant to prediction impact point, and carry out matrix reconstruction according to locus j selected by it with time delay τ, choose
Principle is:
If ρij(τ) ' > T1, then will observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiIn meet the traffic flow new sequence of composition of condition
Arrange and as the first predictor, be denoted as X', X'=(x1',x2',...,xp'), wherein p is the described traffic flow meeting condition
Amount number, if L1It is the maximum of time delay, L in the first predictor1=max{ τ | τ ∈ [0, L] and ρij(τ) ' > T1,
Then the first predictor X' can state following matrix form as:
If ρjm(t) > T2, then by all history correlated series X meeting conditionjmT (), as the second predictor, is denoted as Y', Y'
={ y1',y2',...,yq', wherein q is the historical traffic number meeting condition, and the second predictor Y' can state following square as
Formation formula:
(10) forecast model construction module, it is by constructing the first predictor and the second predictor as training sample
Measurable section is at the forecast model of the traffic flow of subsequent time.
A kind of optimal route search system the most according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described data preprocessing module,
The rule of the data not meeting traffic practical situation described in rejecting is: within a data update cycle, set each section respectively
The threshold range of total traffic flow data, if total traffic flow data in certain section collected falls at corresponding threshold range
In, then show that these group data are reliable, retain this group data;If total traffic flow data in certain section collected falls not in correspondence
Threshold range in, then show that these group data are unreliable, and rejected.
A kind of optimal route search system the most according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described stationary test module includes
Following submodule:
(1) syndrome module, for being in same type of observation section SiTraffic flow sequence XiWith prediction section Sj's
Traffic flow sequence XjCarry out stationary test respectively;
(2) continuity check submodule, is connected with syndrome module, for not by the traffic flow to be tested of stationary test
Amount sequence carries out continuity check, if the seriality of not meeting, described continuity check submodule uses average interpolation method to data
Carry out polishing;
(3) misarrangement submodule, is connected with continuity check submodule, for deleting the data of apparent error, uses average simultaneously
Interpolation method carries out polishing to data;
(4) difference processing submodule, connects misarrangement submodule and syndrome module, for carrying out the data after polishing at difference
Reason, and the data after difference processing are sent to syndrome module.
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