CN106125364B - A kind of measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating - Google Patents
A kind of measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN106125364B CN106125364B CN201610707167.0A CN201610707167A CN106125364B CN 106125364 B CN106125364 B CN 106125364B CN 201610707167 A CN201610707167 A CN 201610707167A CN 106125364 B CN106125364 B CN 106125364B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1306—Details
- G02F1/1309—Repairing; Testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
Abstract
The present invention proposes that a kind of measurement method of liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating, this method are respectively 0 He using liquid crystal building phase-modulationGrating, 0 grade of diffraction main pole general goal light intensity of diffraction grating and phase modulation are analyzed by the method for Fourier OpticsRelationship, light intensity value is corresponded into phase modulation, further according to actual measurement light intensity and supply voltage corresponding relationship, just obtained the corresponding relationship of phase value and supply voltage, that is, the Phase Modulation Properties of liquid crystal phase grating.The present invention can accurately, easily and efficiently measure the phase modulation characteristic of liquid crystal, be a kind of practicable measurement method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to liquid crystal optics fields, and in particular to a kind of survey of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating
Amount method.
Background technique
The advantages that liquid crystal device has driving voltage low, and driving current is small, light-weight has been widely used in FPD,
Because liquid crystal modulation phase is controllable, also becomes in fields such as adaptive optics, free space optical communication, light beam deflections grind in recent years
Study carefully hot spot.Liquid crystal has to measure Phase Modulation Properties under some wavelength before the use, could be according to thinking
Obtained phase applies corresponding voltage, and modulating characteristic will directly affect diffraction efficiency, the deflection angle etc. of liquid crystal device
Important system index.
The measurement method of liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties has obtained widely studying very much.Traditional method is mainly that double slit is dry
Mensuration is related to, liquid crystal is divided into 2 regions, modulates different phases respectively, the light of double slit is then passed through into this 2 differences respectively
Liquid crystal can thus be regarded as two groups of different slits of phase by the region of phase, by measuring two groups of slit interference stripeds
Between offset calculate amount of phase modulation, obtain Phase Modulation Properties, the shortcomings that this method is can only be to the phase at slit
Position modulating characteristic measures, the Phase Modulation Properties being unable to get in whole face, and the limited resolution of CCD.Sichuan in 2002
The Radial shearing interferometer that the Zhao Xiaofeng of university is proposed determines liquid crystal by the offset of the interference fringe of two parts of measurement
The Phase Modulation Properties of grating, but this method is a kind of interference with common path method, optical path adjustment higher to vibration and environmental requirement
It is more complicated, and later data treating capacity is very big.Digital phase-shifting technique interferometer mode is the same with Radial shearing interferometer, liquid crystal grating
Half phase-delay quantity be 0, in addition half phase-delay quantity is variable value, by measuring by liquid crystal phase optical grating reflection
The interference fringe that light and zygo interferometer reference planes are formed measures the Phase Modulation Properties of liquid crystal grating.This method optical path
Simply, but the light source of zygo interferometer is determining, so can only be special to the phase-modulation at zygo interferometer optical source wavelength
Property measures, and zygo interferometer is expensive, and the requirement to experimental situation is also very high.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of based on liquid crystal grating it is an object of the invention to propose in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art
The measurement method of phase-modulation, this method optical path is simple, can measure the Phase Modulation Properties of entire liquid crystal, will not local in
A certain specific wavelength, replacement light source are the Phase Modulation Properties that can measure the optical source wavelength.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: a kind of measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating,
The following steps are included: constructing phase grating on liquid crystal, liquid crystal electrode supply voltage is adjustable, receives laser with photoelectric sensor
By the 0th grade of diffraction intensity after liquid crystal, closed by the way that the 0th grade of diffraction intensity at theoretical calculation diffraction screen is corresponding with phase value
It is, and the corresponding relationship for the light intensity and PWM wave pulsewidth surveyed, has also just measured the corresponding relationship of phase value Yu PWM wave pulsewidth,
Liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties are measured.
Further, the liquid crystal supply voltage method of adjustment be PWM wave, by change liquid crystal public electrode voltages and
Liquid crystal electrode voltage duty cycle come realize amplitude be ± 5V, the pulsewidth PWM controllable from 0%~100% 255 Equicontinuous
Wave.
Further, the liquid crystal phase raster width of the building is a, and parallel gratings are in y-axis direction, phase delay point
It Wei not 0 HeInterval.
Further, the photoelectric sensor of the reception diffraction intensity is PSD sensor.
Further, light intensity and phase modulation at the theoretical calculation film viewing screenAnalysis method are as follows: diffraction screen
Aperture function is t (x, y), and incident light is e (x, y), it can thus be concluded that the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE function on diffraction screenAccording to diffraction theory it is found that the light beam subdivision of the diffraction pattern of far field beams and liquid crystal exit surface
Cloth is Fourier's variation relation, it can thus be concluded that the far field beams for going out constructed liquid crystal grating model answer distribution amplitudeWhereinIt is the complex amplitude of far field construction light,It is the light beam of liquid crystal exit surface, light
Strong distributionThe normalization light intensity of the 0th grade of diffraction pattern can be obtainedPhase modulation can be obtainedAnd light
Strong relationshipObtain phase modulation and the 0th grade of direct relationship of diffraction intensity.
Further, duty ratio changes the duty ratio of added liquid crystal electrode PWM wave from 0%~100% to change electrode
Institute making alive V surveys modulation duty cycle and 0 grade of hot spot the Relationship of Light intensity.
Further, the light intensity value of diffraction light is converted into after analog signal by PSD and is acquired with AD, can obtain actual light intensity change
Change value, and maximum value and minimum value of the pulsewidth from 0%~100% light intensity changing value are recorded, maximum value corresponds toIt is minimum
Value corresponds toAccording to light intensity value at maximum value, minimum value and other points, the corresponding phase of light intensity changing value can be obtained
Modulation voltageIn conjunction with corresponding PWM duty cycle at the light intensity value to get the Phase Modulation Properties for having arrived the liquid crystal, converter
Acquisition certain time is simultaneously averaged to eliminate the shake of source noise bring light intensity.
Specific step is as follows for a kind of measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating of the present invention:
Step (1): constructing width on liquid crystal is a, and in the slit for being parallel to y-axis direction, phase delay is respectively 0 He
The liquid crystal phase grating at interval, aperture function are t (x, y), and incident light is e (x, y), it can thus be concluded that the complex amplitude point on diffraction screen
Cloth function
Step (2): according to diffraction theory it is found that the light beam of the diffraction pattern of far field beams and LCD phased array exit surface
It is distributed as Fourier's variation relation again, it can thus be concluded that the far field beams for going out periodical balzed grating, model answer distribution amplitude
Step (3): light distributionThe light intensity and phase modulation relationship of the 0th grade of diffraction pattern can be obtainedWherein I0Phase grating phase modulationWhen the 0th grade of diffraction pattern light intensity.
Step (4): building optical path in the lab, as shown in fig. 6, the light that light source is issued shines after collimating, expanding
Be mapped to liquid crystal grating, through liquid crystal grating laser using being converged at film viewing screen after lens, spread out at film viewing screen with PSD acquisition
Hot spot is penetrated, and inputs computer record after AD is acquired.
Step (5): change electrode power supply duty ratio making alive V to adjust, as shown in figure 4, being recorded in the duty ratio item
The 0th grade of direct relationship of diffraction intensity under part.It surveys modulation duty cycle and 0 grade of hot spot the Relationship of Light intensity is as shown in Figure 7.
Step (6): the light intensity and phase modulation relationship and the 0th grade of diffraction of actual measurement of the 0th grade of diffraction pattern of step (3) are utilized
Hot spot light intensity can acquire the corresponding phase modulation value of the light intensity.
Step (7): modulation duty cycle obtained by step (5) and 0 grade of hot spot the Relationship of Light intensity, step (6) gained light intensity pair are utilized
The phase modulation value answered, the relationship of available modulation duty cycle and phase modulation, as shown in figure 8, also just acquiring liquid crystal as a result,
The Phase Modulation Properties of phase grating.
The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are that:
(1) this method optical path of the present invention is simple, only light requirement source, beam expanding lens, plus lens in optical path, receives PSD, optical path without
It need to turn back.
(2) this method optical path of the present invention can simply measure the Phase Modulation Properties of entire liquid crystal.
(3) this method optical path of the present invention can simply measure any wavelength laser, and replacement light source can be to the measurement light source
The Phase Modulation Properties of wavelength.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of measuring method flow chart of liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the measuring principle figure of two-slit interference method;
Fig. 3 is liquid crystal phase grating schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is added PWM wave schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is phase modulation and the Relationship of Light intensity figure;
Fig. 6 is liquid crystal grating phase-modulation optical path figure;
Fig. 7 is actual measurement modulation duty cycle and 0 grade of hot spot the Relationship of Light intensity figure;
Fig. 8 is actual measurement modulation duty cycle and phase modulation relational graph.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, embodiments of the present invention are illustrated.
A kind of liquid crystal phase raster phase of the present invention modulates measurement method, as shown in Figure 1, its specific implementation steps are as follows:
Step (1): analysis liquid crystal phase Grating Modulation phaseWith the relationship of the 0th grade of primary maximum light intensity in diffraction pattern.
Assuming that liquid crystal grating constant is 2a, in the slit for being parallel to y-axis direction, phase delay is respectively 0 HeThe liquid crystal phase at interval
Grating is a respectively, and the grating aperture that phase delay is 0 can be expressed as rectangular function
Phase delay isGrating aperture can be expressed asIt is whole
A aperture function is that t (x, y) expression is as follows:
Assuming that incident light function e (x, y)=E0exp(i2πu0X), then the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE function on diffraction screen are as follows:
According to diffraction theory it is found that the diffraction pattern of far field beams and the light beam of LCD phased array exit surface are distributed as again
Fourier's variation relation, it can thus be concluded that the far field beams for going out periodical balzed grating, model answer distribution amplitude are as follows:
Wherein C is constant, and F is Fourier's operator;
It can obtain, the expression of diffraction screen light distribution is as follows:
The normalization light intensity of the 0th grade of diffraction pattern can be obtained are as follows:Wherein I0Phase grating phase modulationWhen the 0th grade of diffraction pattern light intensity.
Step (2): PWM duty cycle added by the electrode of liquid crystal grating whole cycle is 0, at this time preceding 1/2 period and it is rear before
1/2 periodic modulation phase indifference records dutyfactor value and acquires the AD value of PSD, and AD value is I at this time0。
Step (3): voltage pwm duty ratio added by preceding 1/2 periodic electrode is 0 in liquid crystal grating, added by rear 1/2 periodic electrode
PWM duty cycle is divided into 255 grades, uniformly changes from 0~255, and after recording PWM duty cycle added by 1/2 periodic electrode and
Corresponding far field construction screen light intensity value obtains PWM duty cycle and the 0th grade of direct relationship of diffraction intensity, as shown in Figure 3.
Step (4): in 0~255 grade of PWM duty cycle, minimum value is begun look for from the 0th grade, minimum point is light
Grid phase modulation is π, as shown in figure 4, can be seen that from measured value, when duty ratio is the 52nd grade, corresponding modulating phase is π.
Step (5): assuming that AD reading value and phase modulation value proportionality coefficient are b, bias light initial value is a, then phase modulation
It is with AD reading relationship
Step (6): it is according to step (5) phase modulation and AD reading relationshipPhase is 0 in step (4)
AD value and phase be π AD value, can calculate bias light initial value is a, and AD reading value is with phase modulation value proportionality coefficient
B has obtained a, and the phase value that AD reading is corresponding at other points can be acquired within the scope of 0~π after bAlso 0~π has just been obtained
Phase Modulation Properties.
Step (7): in 52~255 grades of PWM duty cycle, maximum value is begun look for from the 52nd grade, maximum of points is light
Grid phase modulation is 2 π, as shown in figure 4, can regard as from measured value, when duty ratio is the 77th grade, corresponding modulating phase is 2 π.
Step (8): according to the phase modulation that step (7) is found be the corresponding AD value of 2 π and phase modulation is π corresponding
AD value, same to step (6) can be obtained a of the π range of π~2, b value, then can in the hope of within the scope of the π of π~2 at other points
The corresponding phase value of AD readingAlso the Phase Modulation Properties of the π of π~2 have just been obtained.
Step (9): in conjunction with step (6), the Phase Modulation Properties of 0~2 π in a cycle are can be obtained in step (8), with PWM
Duty ratio is abscissa, phase modulationModulation duty cycle and phase modulation relational graph can be drawn for ordinate, as shown in Figure 8.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Phase grating is constructed on liquid crystal, liquid crystal electrode supply voltage is adjustable, receives laser by constructing on liquid crystal with photoelectric sensor
The 0th grade of diffraction intensity after phase grating is closed by the way that the 0th grade of diffraction intensity at theoretical calculation diffraction screen is corresponding with phase value
It is, and the corresponding relationship for the light intensity and PWM wave pulsewidth surveyed, has just measured the corresponding relationship of phase value Yu PWM wave pulsewidth, i.e.,
Liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties are measured.
2. the measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating liquid crystal supply voltage method of adjustment is PWM wave, by change liquid crystal public electrode voltages and liquid crystal electrode voltage duty cycle come
Realization amplitude is ± 5V, the pulsewidth PWM wave controllable from 0%~100% 255 Equicontinuous.
3. the measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
The liquid crystal phase raster width for stating building is a, and for parallel gratings in y-axis direction, phase delay is respectively 0 HeInterval.
4. the measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
The photoelectric sensor for the reception diffraction intensity stated is PSD sensor.
5. the measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating, feature exist as claimed in claim 1 or 2
In: light intensity and phase modulation at the theoretical calculation film viewing screenAnalysis method are as follows: diffraction screen aperture function be t (x, y),
Incident light is e (x, y), it can thus be concluded that the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE function on diffraction screenAccording to diffraction theory
It is found that the light beam of the diffraction pattern of far field beams and liquid crystal exit surface is distributed as Fourier's variation relation again, it can thus be concluded that going out
The far field beams of constructed liquid crystal grating model answer distribution amplitudeWhereinIt is far field construction
The complex amplitude of light,It is the light beam of liquid crystal exit surface, far field construction light light distributionThe 0th can be obtained
The normalization light intensity of grade diffraction patternPhase modulation can be obtainedWith the relationship of light intensityI.e.
Phase modulation and the 0th grade of direct relationship of diffraction intensity.
6. the measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating, feature exist as claimed in claim 1 or 2
In, duty ratio changes voltage effective value V added by electrode from the duty ratio of the added liquid crystal electrode PWM wave of 0%~100% change,
To survey modulation duty cycle and 0 grade of hot spot the Relationship of Light intensity.
7. the measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: spread out
The light intensity value for penetrating light is converted into after analog signal by PSD to be acquired with AD, can obtain actual light intensity changing value, and record pulsewidth from 0%
The maximum value and minimum value of~100% light intensity changing value, maximum value correspond toMinimum value corresponds toAccording to most
Light intensity value at big value, minimum value and other points, can obtain the corresponding amount of phase modulation of light intensity changing valueIn conjunction with the light intensity value
Locate corresponding PWM duty cycle, calculates amount of phase modulation corresponding to all PWM duty cyclesThe phase of the liquid crystal is obtained
Position modulating characteristic, converter acquisition certain time are simultaneously averaged to eliminate the shake of source noise bring light intensity.
8. the measurement method of the liquid crystal Phase Modulation Properties based on diffraction grating as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: tool
Steps are as follows for body:
Step (1): constructing width on liquid crystal is a, and in the slit for being parallel to y-axis direction, phase delay is respectively 0 HeInterval
Liquid crystal phase grating, aperture function be t (x, y), incident light be e (x, y), it can thus be concluded that the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE letter on diffraction screen
Number
Step (2): according to diffraction theory it is found that the light beam subdivision of the diffraction pattern of far field beams and LCD phased array exit surface
Cloth is Fourier's variation relation, it can thus be concluded that the far field beams for going out periodical balzed grating, model answer distribution amplitude
Step (3): light distributionThe light intensity and phase modulation relationship of the 0th grade of diffraction pattern can be obtainedWherein I0Phase grating phase modulationWhen the 0th grade of diffraction pattern light intensity;
Step (4): building optical path in the lab, and the light that light source is issued is irradiated to liquid crystal grating after collimating, expanding, thoroughly
The laser of liquid crystal grating is crossed using converging at film viewing screen after lens, acquires diffraction pattern with PSD at film viewing screen, and pass through AD
Computer record is inputted after acquisition;
Step (5): change electrode power supply duty ratio making alive V, the 0th grade of diffraction being recorded under the duty cycle condition to adjust
The direct relationship of light intensity surveys modulation duty cycle and 0 grade of hot spot the Relationship of Light intensity;
Step (6): the light intensity and phase modulation relationship and the 0th grade of diffraction pattern of actual measurement of the 0th grade of diffraction pattern of step (3) are utilized
Light intensity can acquire the corresponding phase modulation value of the light intensity;
Step (7): using modulation duty cycle obtained by step (5) and 0 grade of hot spot the Relationship of Light intensity, light intensity obtained by step (6) is corresponding
Phase modulation value, the relationship of available modulation duty cycle and phase modulation also just acquire the phase of liquid crystal phase grating as a result,
Modulating characteristic.
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CN109827757B (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2020-01-21 | 北京理工大学 | Method for measuring full parameters of one-dimensional liquid crystal grating |
CN113567092A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-10-29 | 上海钜成锐讯科技有限公司 | Device and method for measuring diffraction efficiency of liquid crystal grating |
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