CN106102084B - Wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback - Google Patents
Wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback Download PDFInfo
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
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- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
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- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
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Abstract
The wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback that the present invention relates to a kind of, belongs to wireless sensor network technology field.Method includes the following steps: S1: determining the composition form and its transmission flow in a network of sensor data stream；S2: data flow retransmission feedback model is established according to network link quality, and analyzes network to the service ability of overall data stream；S3: to original data stream and data flow progress priority scheduling is retransmitted, determines the service bandwidth for distributing to original data stream；S4: delay composition of the analyte sensors input traffic in entire end to end network system obtains the constituent of its fixed delay and variable time delay；S5: the network end-to-end variable time delay as caused by network service capabilities is calculated；S6: the upper delay of the end to end network of data flow to be analyzed is obtained.This method not only ensure that the real-time of industrial wireless communication, moreover it is possible to carry out quantitative analysis to network end-to-end communication delay at the beginning of network establishment, facilitate the real-time for controlling industrial wireless communication.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless sensor network technology fields, are related to a kind of wireless sensor network based on retransmission feedback
End-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure.
Background technique
In recent years, wireless sensor network (wireless sensor network, WSN) technology is quickly grown, and wide
It is general to be used for the various aspects such as Military Application, natural environment monitoring, industrial production monitoring, health care and smart home, it is current
One of research hotspot.But wireless sensor network, due to affected by environment, Radio Link is relatively unstable, Radio Link is logical
It often needs to carry out data transmission in a multi-hop fashion, and since the application of a large amount of wireless sensor networks requires to provide in real time
Guarantee sex service, to the research of wireless sensor network Delay Bound end to end also just at one of critical issue.
At present to the research of wireless sensor network, the medium access being concentrated mainly in based on IEEE802.15.4 is sub
The research of layer expansion mainly uses the research of the methods of stochastic queue theory, probability theory to the analysis of network delay, does not account for
With the fitting degree of real network, application request be network stability and certainty, some probability may be not present
Certainty.Tool of the network calculus as the certainty queuing theory in a kind of new quantitative analysis network, from Chang and Cruz
Since starting, it is successfully used for TCP network congestion, access and topology control, real-time industrial ethernet analysis, sensor network
Performance evaluation, and achieve satisfactory result.
However the certainty delay study of wireless sensor network there is problems: (1) analyzing network most
When low service ability, the influence of retransmission mechanism service ability effective for network is not accounted for；(2) in distribution network bandwidth resources
When, less being associated in view of acquisition terminal data flow input rate and network service capabilities.(3) it is directed to wireless sensor at present
The model that network calculus is established is more single, do not account for as network link quality and caused by packet loss retransmit for network
Feedback effect, retransmit caused by data flow and original data stream compete and postpone also none specific analysis model.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, when end-to-end the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of wireless sensor network based on retransmission feedback
Prolong upper bound appraisal procedure, this method, which passes through, determines that sensor data stream acquisition uploads period, data flow message size and network
Minimum service ability, it is contemplated that in the actual environment channel bit error rate and caused by re-transmission data for network negative-feedback make
With, it can not only be at the beginning of network struction to Internet resources progress reasonable distribution, and determination network that can be more accurate passes
Defeated Delay Bound.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback, this method includes following
Step:
S1: the composition form and its transmission flow in a network of sensor data stream are determined；
S2: data flow retransmission feedback model is established according to network link quality, and analyzes network to the clothes of overall data stream
Business ability；
S3: to original data stream and data flow progress priority scheduling is retransmitted, determines the clothes for distributing to original data stream
Business bandwidth；
S4: delay composition of the analyte sensors input traffic in entire end to end network system, when obtaining its fixation
Prolong and the constituent of variable time delay；
S5: the network end-to-end variable time delay as caused by network service capabilities is calculated；
S6: the upper delay of the end to end network of data flow to be analyzed is obtained.
Further, in step sl, it is first determined constituent r (Mean Speed), the b (maximum number of data flow to be analyzed
According to burst amount) and data flow transmission flow in a network, form data stream transmitting flow chart, comprising:
S11: the period is uploaded according to data flow and bursty data amount determines data flow arrival curve；
S12: the Radio Link and forwarding that flow chart passes through in transmission process according to data flow to be analyzed route successively
It is formed；
S13: being numbered to each network equipment in flow chart, analyzes the input/output date flow α of each equipmenti
Composition riAnd bi, or entire end to end network is equivalent to a service system, determine its equivalent inpnt data flow.
Further, in step s 2, according to characteristics of radio channels and correlation standard, determine that network to be analyzed is data
The time slot for flowing the service bandwidth and distribution that provide determines that every first device is what its sub- equipment provided in data transmission stream journey figure
Service delay curve, and data flow is established according to network link quality (mainly channel bit error rate) and retransmits model, comprising:
S21: according to transmission mechanism as defined in IEEE802.15.4 standard and effect retransmission mechanism over the wireless channel,
The network for finding out distribution is the minimum service rate R of each time slot allocationTS；
S22: establishing retransmission feedback model to wireless channel, determines and retransmits data flow caused by being damaged by link to network
Feedback effect, determine retransmit data flow arrival curve.
Further, in step s3, priority scheduling is carried out to original data stream and re-transmission data flow, determination is distributed to
The service bandwidth of original data stream, comprising:
S31: in equipment end, flowing into the scheduling of row major grade to data according to data flow number of retransmissions, larger to number of retransmissions
Data flow assign higher weight, guarantee the real-time of data flow；
S32: to original data stream and retransmitting data flow progress priority scheduling according to the weight size distributed in S31,
Distribute suitable bandwidth ratio；
S33: according to the data flow arrival curve of each equipment end in the network transmission process obtained in step S1, rationally
Network slot is divided, to guarantee that data flow will not generate packet loss and real-time because network service capabilities are limited in transmission process
The reliability transmission of data, and determine network based on rate-delay service curves；
S34: repeating the above process, and obtains in data stream transmitting process, each equipment is the leave strip of data flow distribution
Width, i.e., each equipment is the service curves that data flow provides in network.
Further, in step s 4, the delay composition in transmission process for determining data to be analyzed, spreads according to data
Defeated process and IEEE 802.15.4 standard regulation, construct the delay expression formula of following network end-to-end:
Wherein, n is fragment quantity required for sending a complete data packet, the time required to t is a frament reassembling,It is data flow by transmission delay caused by m forwarding device in flow chart, C is IEEE 802.15.4 standard
Defined service ability, value 250kbps, first two of expression formula are fixed delay, mainly with data packet length and wireless communication
Road characteristic is related；Ti vThen indicate that transmitting data stream can be changed by generated when (i+1) a forwarding device in flow through a network figure
Time delay.
Further, in step s 5, the network end-to-end variable time delay as caused by network service capabilities is calculated, comprising:
S51: determining transmission mechanism, frament reassembling mechanism end to end according to network routing mechanism, establishes network service mould
Type, solving model service curves；
S52: the probability of data packet transmission success, and then basis are calculated according to characteristics of radio channels (channel bit error rate)
The transmission mechanism confirmed in S51 determines expected transmission times required for transmission primaries data packet；
S53: variable delay of the data flow in flow charts at each equipment is determined, formulas for calculating:
Wherein, TiFor service delay, RiFor minimum service rate, biFor maximum number
According to burst amount；
S54: the variable delay of the end-to-end system in certain bit error rate is determined by S51, S52.
Further, in step s 6, according to step S4 and step S5, data flow to be analyzed is obtained in the case where damaging link condition
Network end-to-end upper delay value based on retransmission feedback repeats above procedure, obtains calculating wireless sensing based on retransmission feedback
The purpose of device network end-to-end Delay Bound.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: method provided by the invention is on the basis of general networking computational model, it is contemplated that
Data flow is retransmitted to the resource contention situation of original data stream, repartitions service bandwidth to data flow is retransmitted, it is original ensureing
In the case where data stream priority, the real-time of the preferential data flow for ensureing that number of retransmissions is high.This not only ensure that wireless industrial
The real-time of communication, moreover it is possible to quantitative analysis be carried out to network end-to-end communication delay at the beginning of network establishment, help to control work
The real-time of industry wireless communication.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Illustrate:
Fig. 1 is the stream of the wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure provided by the invention based on retransmission feedback
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 2 is the wireless sensor network mode provided by the invention based on retransmission feedback；
Fig. 3 is wireless sensor network retransmission feedback model provided by the invention and network calculus schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the wireless channel transmission specification schematic diagram of embodiment provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
Wireless sensor network topology figure such as Fig. 2 in the present embodiment is configured as follows: wireless sensor network work exists
Under 2.4G frequency range as defined in IEEE802.15.4, channel is symmetry model.By taking the link in a network as an example, network link is
Non-ideal link is mainly reflected in that there are certain channel bit error rates.Set the arrival rate of input traffic data flow as
0.2kbps, wherein each data package size is 127bytes, if occurring the case where packet loss is misrepresented deliberately, root during data frame transfer
According to whether receiving ACK acknowledgement frame and judge whether to need to retransmit.
A kind of calculation method of the wireless sensor network end-to-end delay bound based on retransmission feedback of the present invention, process
Figure as shown in Figure 1, this method specific step is as follows:
Step 1: the flow direction and constituent of wireless network sensor data flow are determined, its flow chart is drawn, sees Fig. 2, so
The input/output format of data flow at each equipment in a network is found out according to flow chart afterwards, or whole network is equivalent to one
A service system, the input/output format of solving system.The specific implementation process is as follows:
1) specific according to data packet arrival rate and network for the wireless sensor network inlet flow in flow chart 2
Situation determines real-time stream arrival curve α at the network equipment 11=0.2t+0.1；
2) it determines network route pattern, judges link layer routing mechanism or network layer router that routing mechanism uses
System, different service analysis models is determined according to different routing mechanisms；
If 3) wireless network uses network layer routing mechanism, due to transmission process data packet with using IP
Location, and for packet segment, usual IP address is encapsulated in first packet segment, the same IP data packet it is subsequent
Packet segment is accorded with according to segmental identification and fragment offset confirmation fragment data Packet type and in batches in order.For this
The network of seed type carries out frament reassembling and verification to data packet using in each jump process, if data packet error
It needs to transmit again.In this case, it must confirm the input-output curve in each network equipment end data stream；
4) if wireless network uses link layer routing mechanism, data packet uses MAC layer to encapsulate in transmission process
MAC Address, i.e. each packet segment carries the address that the network equipment can identify.For such net
Whole network is equivalent to an end-to-end service system by network, fragment is carried out to data packet in input terminal, in output end to data
Packet carries out recombination verification, if data packet malfunctions, entire data packet need to retransfer.In this case, entire end-to-end system
The inlet flow arrival curve of system is data flow arrival curve at the network equipment 1.
Step 2 is established data flow retransmission feedback model according to network link quality (mainly channel bit error rate), and is divided
Analyse network service capabilities；According to characteristics of radio channels and relevant regulations, determine that network to be analyzed is the service band that data flow provides
Wide and distribution time slot, determines the service delay curve that every first device provides in data transmission stream journey figure for its sub- equipment.
The specific implementation process is as follows:
1) the MAC layer maximum data frame transmission quantity that the network equipment can be transmitted effectively in a time slot is first confirmd that.Due to
MAC layer maximum transmitted frame length as defined in IEEE802.15.4 is that 127 bytes need to confirm one for the data packet of fragment
The time that maximum data frame can be transmitted in a time slot, provide its calculation formula:And then confirm transmission in single time slot
The quantity of maximum data frameTS is the size for distributing time slot in formula, by hereafter to link channel mould
The analysis of type is it can be concluded that wherein, MPDUmaxFor MAC maximum transmitted frame length, C is 2.4G frequency range peak transfer rate
(250kbps), it is 0 that LIFS, which shows that mac frame is long, which indicates that number of retransmissions, μ are that 1 expression needs to retransmit not less than 144bits, Renum,
It does not need then to retransmit, ack represents this constant of MacACKDuration；
2) if 1) more than time slot can not transmit a maximum data frame if passed using transmission mode as shown in Figure 4
It is defeated, the formula for calculating remaining time slots size is provided first:Δ
IFS is determined depending on whether data frame length is greater than aMaxSIFSFrameSize, using long frame period or short frame interval.According to upper
State the minimum service rate that process finally solves single time slot node
3) service bandwidth and data flow for determining that each network equipment provides in flow through a network figure service in the network device
Delay.By obtained RTSWith the average equivalent input rate r of node at arbitrary network equipment required in step 1iRelationship
It can be concluded that should be defeated not less than average equivalent for the minimum number of timeslots for guaranteeing that network service quality distributes each network equipment
Enter rate, is minimized hereAnd then determine the minimum service rate that can be provided at arbitrary network equipment
Ri=Ni×RTSAnd service delay T of the data flow at this equipmenti=BI-Ni× TS has also been determined that in retransmission feedback model
In for original data stream and retransmit total service curves for providing of data flow；
4) as shown in figure 3, establishing retransmission feedback model to wireless channel, determine that retransmitting data flow makees the feedback of network
With determining re-transmission data flow arrival curve.Data retransmission feedback model includes following components: acting on network equipment input
The feedback loop at end retransmits feedback delay and be characterized as original data stream and retransmit the remittance of data flow that data packet may be undergone
Conflux provides service ability Qualitative service curve really.For feedback loop, it is contemplated that IEEE 802.15.4 is to guarantee number
According to reliability transmission, it will usually according to whether receiving acknowledgement frame to determine whether needing to retransmit.Maximum latency is set here
For w, then the service curves of deferring procedure areDue to the unstability of Radio Link, retransmitting data packet can
It can need to retransmit again, set maximum retransmission as N.
Step 3 to original data stream and retransmits data flow progress priority scheduling, and original data stream is distributed in determination
Service bandwidth, the specific implementation process is as follows:
1) service curves of retransmission feedback model are determined.There are different classes of re-transmission data packet in network, respectively one
Secondary re-transmission data packet, secondary re-transmission data packet ... n times retransmit data packet (N is maximum retransmission), to ensure data packet
Real-time, preferentially the data packet more to number of retransmissions is handled, i.e., the priority of (i-1)-th time re-transmission data packet is less than i-th
The secondary priority for retransmitting data packet.It is R since the network equipment is the service curves that all data flow convergence flows providei, according to net
It is the service curves that each data flow provides that network, which calculates remaining service curves correlation theorem and can solve the network equipment, provides calculating
Formula:
2) arrival curve for retransmitting data flow is determined.Introducing feedback states delay matrix A can determine that each retransmits data
Flow the delay that may be undergone in retransmission feedback model.Provide its formula
In formula, p is cross channel probability, can obtain any arrival curve for retransmitting data flow by formula (2), (3):
Step 4: delay composition of the data flow to be analyzed in network end-to-end system is determined.According to data flow in network
In process and IEEE 802.15.4 standard regulation, determine data flow to be analyzed delay composition:
First two are network fixed delay in expression formula,For
Variable delay of the data flow at forward node, specific formula for calculation are as follows:
Step 5: the upper bound of the variable delay under certain channel effect is determined.Data are transmitted in view of wireless channel
Delay, sets channel bit error rate as pe, then it can be concluded that the Probability p of this instance data packet transmission success=1- (1-pe), then by general
Rate p and variable delay formula can obtain the variable delay of the data packet under there are certain channel effect:
By above step, Delay Bound of the data flow to be analyzed in end to end network has been obtained, obtained based on weight
Pass the purpose of feedback with evaluation wireless sensor network end-to-end delay bound.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound appraisal procedure based on retransmission feedback, it is characterised in that: the party
Method the following steps are included:
S1: the composition form and its transmission flow in a network of sensor data stream are determined；
S2: establishing data flow retransmission feedback model according to network link quality, and analyzes network to the service energy of overall data stream
Power；
S3: to original data stream and data flow progress priority scheduling is retransmitted, determines the service band for distributing to original data stream
It is wide；
S4: analyte sensors input traffic in entire end to end network system delay composition, obtain its fixed delay with
And the constituent of variable time delay；
S5: the network end-to-end variable time delay as caused by network service capabilities is calculated；
S6: the upper delay of the end to end network of data flow to be analyzed is obtained；
In step s 2, it is provided according to characteristics of radio channels and IEEE802.15.4 standard, determines that network to be analyzed is data flow
The service bandwidth of offer and the time slot of distribution determine the clothes that every first device provides in data transmission stream journey figure for its sub- equipment
Business delay curve, and data flow is established according to network link quality and retransmits model, the network link quality includes channel error code
Rate, comprising:
S21: it according to the retransmission mechanism of transmission mechanism as defined in IEEE802.15.4 standard and effect over the wireless channel, finds out
The network of distribution is the minimum service rate R of each time slot allocationTS；
S22: establishing retransmission feedback model to wireless channel, determines and retransmits data flow caused by being damaged by link to the anti-of network
Feedback effect, determines and retransmits data flow arrival curve；
In step s3, priority scheduling is carried out to original data stream and re-transmission data flow, original data stream is distributed in determination
Service bandwidth, comprising:
S31: in equipment end, the scheduling of row major grade is flowed into data according to data flow number of retransmissions, to the biggish number of number of retransmissions
Higher weight is assigned according to stream, guarantees the real-time of data flow；
S32: data flow progress priority scheduling, distribution to original data stream and are retransmitted according to the weight size distributed in S31
Corresponding bandwidth ratio；
S33: according to the data flow arrival curve of each equipment end in the network transmission process obtained in step S1, network is divided
Time slot, with guarantee data flow transmission process will not because network service capabilities are limited generate packet loss and real-time data can
It is transmitted by property, and determines network based on rate-delay service curves；
S34: repeating the above process, and obtains in data stream transmitting process, each equipment is the reservation bandwidth of data flow distribution, i.e.,
Each equipment is the service curves that data flow provides in network.
2. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step sl, it is first determined the constituent Mean Speed r of data flow to be analyzed, maximum data burst
The transmission flow of b and data flow in a network is measured, data stream transmitting flow chart is formed, comprising:
S11: the period is uploaded according to data flow and bursty data amount determines data flow arrival curve；
S12: the Radio Link and forwarding routing that flow chart passes through in transmission process according to data flow to be analyzed sequentially form；
S13: being numbered to each network equipment in flow chart, analyzes the input/output date flow α of each equipmentiGroup
At riAnd bi, or entire end to end network is equivalent to a service system, determine its equivalent inpnt data flow.
3. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step s 4, determine the delay composition in transmission process of data to be analyzed, spread according to data
Defeated process and IEEE 802.15.4 standard regulation, construct the delay expression formula of following network end-to-end:
Wherein, n is fragment quantity required for sending a complete data packet, the time required to t is a frament reassembling,
It is data flow by transmission delay caused by m forwarding device in flow chart, C is as defined in IEEE 802.15.4 standard
Service ability, value 250kbps, first two of expression formula are fixed delay, related with data packet length and characteristics of radio channels；
TiV then indicates generated variable time delay when transmitting data stream passes through (i+1) a forwarding device in flow through a network figure.
4. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step s 5, calculate the network end-to-end variable time delay as caused by network service capabilities, comprising:
S51: transmission mechanism, frament reassembling mechanism end to end are determined according to network routing mechanism, Network Service Model is established, asks
Solve model service curve；
S52: according to characteristics of radio channels, i.e. channel bit error rate, the probability of data packet transmission success is calculated, and then according to S51
The transmission mechanism of middle confirmation determines expected transmission times required for transmission primaries data packet；
S53: variable delay of the data flow in flow charts at each equipment is determined, formulas for calculating:
Wherein, TiFor service delay, RiFor minimum service rate, biFor maximum data burst
Amount；
S54: determine that in the bit error rate be p by S51, S52eIn the case where end-to-end system variable delay.
5. a kind of wireless sensor network end-to-end time delay upper bound assessment side based on retransmission feedback according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step s 6, according to step S4 and step S5, obtain data flow to be analyzed in the case where damaging link condition
Network end-to-end upper delay value based on retransmission feedback repeats above procedure, obtains calculating wireless sensing based on retransmission feedback
Device network end-to-end Delay Bound.
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| CN108174355A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-06-15 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of method that wireless network retransmits broadcast mechanism reliability under determining transmission time limit |
| CN110474854B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-08-31 | 华为技术有限公司 | Resource allocation method and device |
| CN112733303B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2024-03-12 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Multi-strategy industrial TSN shaper modeling method based on deterministic network algorithm |
| CN112787952A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Service flow adjusting method and device |
| CN112714037A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-04-27 | 三明学院 | Method, device and equipment for evaluating guarantee performance of online service quality |
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