CN106096296A - Urban land limit for height based on probability reference determines method - Google Patents
Urban land limit for height based on probability reference determines method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of urban land limit for height based on probability reference and determine method, belong to urban planning technical field.The present invention is directed to prior art not enough, use for reference the method for measuring similarity in machine learning, the analogy reference relation between plot is set up according to the similarity between plot, and when considering similarity between plot, not only consider traditional directly to build, to land used, the controlled attribute that potentiality are relevant, also taken into full account and can not build, with land used, the attribute of a relation that potentiality are directly related;Then in similar plot, neighbouring plot and the plot of identical land character, randomly select reference plot with similarity coefficient for probability, thus according to having the numerical value in reasonable limit for height plot on a small quantity, obtain, by iterative computation, the reasonable limit for height that each land used is different.The present invention can determine the reasonable limit for height of land used unit rapidly and accurately, provides the foundation of science for city planning design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to urban planning technical field, particularly relate to a kind of urban land limit for height and determine method.
Background technology
Urban land limit for height, i.e. using terra control height, be the high building height allowed during land used construction, and it is to control
Property concrete plan establishment in an important technology index, for each side such as the economy in city, environment, Markov Model, there is weight
Affect.Along with the fast development of urban construction, people increasingly pay close attention to determination foundation and the method for urban land limit for height.At present
Existing land used limit for height decision method and problem thereof specifically include that
(1) experience method.Mainly by associated specialist and professional and technical personnel by its whole for Urban Spatial Morphology
Realize and know, in conjunction with its professional experiences, consider the factors such as land used condition and position, land used limit for height is directly made estimation.Should
Method relies primarily on planner's subjective experience, and difficulty is big, is many times difficult to reach common understanding;Meanwhile, this experience is often difficult to
Make accurately judgement, so generally making rough step for border and control with 24 meters, 50 meters, 100 meters etc., or make big model
Enclose contour zonal control, the most careful, it is unfavorable for management and the regulation and control of urban construction.
(2) visual simulation method.Sometimes by having a fling at architectural design scheme, made by the visual simulation of different angles
Judge;The most even can observe with differing heights on the ground at floating thing simulant building contour lines such as actual field ground balloons
Coverage and effect, thus make the judgement of reasonable limit for height.The method program is complicated, and cost is high, and efficiency is low, be only suitable for for
The detailed research in indivedual plot, and its result of determination equally exists bigger subjectivity, still depends on and judges expert's
Experience and level.
(3) Retina transplantation method.The method is based primarily upon the relation of viewpoint and visual object, by vision boost line, profile
The methods such as dimension amount, cone analysis make a determination.For fixed view, such method is mainly for the height control looking into the distance viewpoint
System[1], it is also possible to for the Altitude control of Wen Baoqu or significant style and features district periphery[2], or the City Skyline in important location
Control[3].For dynamic viewpoint, the interactive Retina transplantation with multidimensional can be carried out and superpose[4][5], thus make Altitude control and sentence
Disconnected.Such method is mainly limited to this individual event factor of visualization analysis, have ignored completely land used can the research of construction condition, because of
This often analysis result be difficult in practice its control target.
(4) land used factor overlapping method.Generally can build each factor of influence of potentiality and be evaluated as foundation describing land used, obtain
By the general relationship between ground level, then judge each plot limit for height by suitably correction with adjusting[6][7][8].The method base
In the data analysis of the potential condition of land used own, there is certain reasonability, but the method judges to use with simple factor superposition
Ground limit for height, the excessively positive correlation between dependent factor evaluation and land used limit for height, ignore cross-referenced impact between land used
Complex relationship.
In summary, there is bigger deficiency in the determination method of existing urban land limit for height, need badly offer a kind of more scientific and
The more rapid limit for height of urban land accurately determines method.
List of references:
[1] Soviet Union and Eastern Europe guest, Nie Zhiyong. brief talk and how to form good urban look by Height Control on Construction. international
Urban planning, 2007 (2): 104-108.
[2] Xie Hui, Zhou Qinghua. the peripheral space Altitude control pre-test of cultural treasures and historic site protection zone is with Xi'an new district in Qujiang
As a example by. urban planning, 2014 (3): 60-64.
[3] the knob heart is firm, Li Kaike. the City Skyline quantitative analysis method of view-based access control model impact. and urban planning academic periodical,
2013 (3): 99-105.
[4] Hu Yike. based on interactive marginal zone, the scenic spot Control of building height research looking into the distance model. classical Chinese garden,
2014,6:22-27
[5] Peng Jiandong. multidimensional Retina transplantation _ dynamic visual sense of People's Bank of China analyzes the Altitude control new method under dimension. planner,
2015,3:57-63
[6] Wang Jianguo, high source, Hu Mingxin. Old city of Nanjing based on skyscraper management and control spatial shape optimizes. and city is advised
Draw, 2005,29 (1): 45-51
[7] Wang Tianqing, Su Tianbin, Ma Peijuan. High-rise Building Space Layout's decision-making mechanism research: as a example by Qingdao City. city
City plans, 2008,12:53-57
[8] Luo Xi. Changsha high building construction layout project study based on multi-factorial evaluation. urban planning academic periodical, 2007,
2:113-117
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to overcome prior art not enough, it is provided that a kind of city based on probability reference
City's land used limit for height determines method, and in city, similar plot is as reference, uses probability comparator algorithm iterative computation use to be determined
The limit for height of ground unit, can determine the reasonable limit for height of land used unit rapidly and accurately, provides the foundation of science for city planning design.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem the most by the following technical solutions:
A kind of urban land limit for height based on probability reference determines method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, each attribute to land used unit each in city quantify, and are normalized to corresponding scope in (0,1)
Attribute factor, the vector that all properties factor of same land used unit is constituted as this land used unit attribute character to
Amount;The attribute of described land used unit includes directly can building the controlled attribute that potentiality are relevant to land used, and can not build with land used
If the attribute of a relation that potentiality are directly related;The attribute factor of controlled attribute is controlling elements, and the attribute factor of attribute of a relation is for closing
It it is the factor;Described land used unit includes known land used list known to land used unit to be determined that one group of limit for height is unknown and one group of limit for height
Unit;
Step 2, according to described attribute feature vector, from usefully unit, in neighbouring land used unit and have identical
In the land used unit of land character, select the similarity coefficient the best part land used between each land used unit to be determined respectively
Unit, is then combined with together, as the similar plot of corresponding land used unit to be determined;
Step 3, the limit for height codomain of the use each land used unit to be determined of probability comparator algorithm iterative computation, specific as follows:
Step 3-1, the limit for height initializing each land used unit to be determined are A0;
Step 3-2, using similarity coefficient as select probability, utilize similar from each land used unit to be determined of roulette algorithm
Plot select at least one similar plot as the reference plot of corresponding land used unit to be determined;
Step 3-3, to each land used unit to be determined, according to the controlling elements weighted sum of this land used unit to be determined
SumaWith current controlling elements weighted sum Sum with reference to plotbBetween relation, to current ith iteration walk in this land used to be determined
Limit for height A of unitiIt is updated, then goes to step 3-2, carry out next iteration;Described renewal is specific as follows:
Current with reference to plot to each, try to achieve corresponding A the most in accordance with the following methodsi+1, then average as this
Land used unit to be determined exports in the interim limit for height of epicycle iteration:
If Suma≠Sumb, then:
If Suma=Sumb, and Ai< Bi, then: Ai+1=Ai+[Bi+(Bi/Sab-Bi)*D2-Ai]v;
If Suma=Sumb, and Ai< Bi, then: Ai+1=Ai+[Bi+(Bi*Sab-Bi)*D3-Ai]v;
If Suma=Sumb, and Ai=Bi, then: Ai+1=Ai=Bi;
Wherein, v is the default undulated control factor that span is (0,1), and m is the species number of controlling elements, D1、D2、
D3It is default diversity factor corrected parameter, BiFor the current limit for height with reference to plot, SabFor land used unit to be determined and current ginseng
Similarity coefficient according to plot;
As the output of described interim limit for height is beyond legal limit for height, then using legal limit for height as this land used unit to be determined in epicycle
The final limit for height output of iteration, otherwise, using the output of described interim limit for height as this land used unit to be determined in epicycle iteration
Whole limit for height output;
Step 3-4, as reached stopping criterion for iteration, then to each land used unit to be determined, take turns iteration from the most some
Obtained by this land used unit to be determined limit for height in choose several values of maximum, and treat really using the average of these values as this
Determine the optimum limit for height of land used unit.
Preferably, the similarity coefficient between any two land used unit is that the two land used unit is in attribute character space
Distance.Distance metric can use Euclidean distance, manhatton distance, Chebyshev's distance, Minkowski Distance, Hamming distance
Deng, the Euclidean distance that the present invention is the most the most frequently used.
The technique scheme known land used unit by a small amount of known limit for height, by iterative computation, is respectively treated really
Determine the reasonable limit for height of land used;It is well known, however, that the limit for height of land used unit is not necessarily reasonably, this can be to final land used unit to be determined
Limit for height judge to produce impact, for avoiding this situation, present invention further propose that following improvement project: described known land used list
The limit for height of unit is the reasonable limit for height through expert amendment.
Compared to existing technology, technical solution of the present invention has the advantages that
The present invention uses for reference the method for measuring similarity in machine learning, sets up between plot according to the similarity between plot
Analogy reference relation;Then randomly select with reference to plot with similarity coefficient for probability in similar land used, thus according on a small quantity
There is the numerical value in reasonable limit for height plot, obtained the reasonable limit for height of each land used by iterative computation.More meet programmed decision-making experience and
Actual fairness, embodies the decision-making rationality accommodating reality occasionality.
The present invention, when considering similarity between plot, not only considers traditional directly to build, to land used, the control that potentiality are relevant
Attribute processed, has also taken into full account and can not build, with land used, the attribute of a relation that potentiality are directly related, land used relationship description is more careful,
With reference to the selection more comprehensive and reasonable in plot, the limit for height parameter obtained is more scientific.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet that in detailed description of the invention, limit for height of the present invention determines method.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings technical scheme is described in detail:
The present invention is directed to prior art not enough, use for reference the method for measuring similarity in machine learning, according to the phase between plot
Set up the analogy reference relation between plot like property, and when considering similarity between plot, not only consider traditional direct
The controlled attribute that potentiality are relevant can be built to land used, also taken into full account that can not build the directly related pass of potentiality with land used be
Property;Then randomly select with reference to plot with similarity coefficient for probability in similar land used, thus according to having reasonable limit for height on a small quantity
The numerical value in plot, obtains, by iterative computation, the reasonable limit for height that each land used is different.
For the ease of public understanding, with a specific embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below.
The inventive method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, each attribute to land used unit each in city quantify, and are normalized to corresponding scope in (0,1)
Attribute factor, the vector that all properties factor of same land used unit is constituted as this land used unit attribute character to
Amount;The attribute of described land used unit includes directly can building the controlled attribute that potentiality are relevant to land used, and can not build with land used
If the attribute of a relation that potentiality are directly related;The attribute factor of controlled attribute is controlling elements, and the attribute factor of attribute of a relation is for closing
It it is the factor;Described land used unit includes known land used list known to land used unit to be determined that one group of limit for height is unknown and one group of limit for height
Unit;
By integrating city As-Is analysis and existing program results, in terms of land character, land used accessibility etc., to each
Land used cell attribute carries out factor scores, it is thus achieved that every factor F on every piece of groundk(0<Fk≤1).(different cities can be for its feature
Choose different evaluation points).The ground blocking factor of traditional scheme only considers directly to build the attribute that potentiality are relevant, example to land used
As scope control etc. protected in accessibility, land price, literary composition, this kind of factor and land used limit for height have the pass of positive correlation or negative correlation
System.And the present invention is in addition, it is also contemplated that can not build potentiality with land used directly related, only reflection land used feature difference and contacting
Relationship factor.Relationship factor has distinguished different land used features and contact thereof, and such as, general being difficult to determines urban green space periphery
Or the land used limit for height of urban look band periphery should be higher or lower, but it is positioned at the land used limit of urban green space periphery decision-making one
Gao Shi, the Rational Land Use limit for height numerical value being referred to other next-door neighbour urban green spaces makes a determination, and for another example, land area also can only be made
For relationship factor, because not land area is the biggest, its limit for height just should be the highest or the lowest, but the close land used of size is permissible
Its development mode cross-referenced, the most often has limit for height numerical value relatively.Therefore, it is no, use adjacent with urban green space
This kind of factor of ground area all can include calculating in as the description of land used attribute of a relation.In city, each plot (includes having determined that limit
The land used unit to be determined that the known land used unit of high parameter and limit for height are unknown) controlling elements and relationship factor i.e. may make up instead
Reflect the characteristic vector of this ground block feature.It is known that the limit for height of land used unit can use its actual limit for height parameter, but these are known
The actual limit for height parameter of land used unit is the most scientific and reasonable, determines use to be determined if, with these limit for height parameters
The limit for height of ground unit, it is clear that result error can be caused.To this end, present invention limit for height parameter to these known land used unit further
It is modified, as obtained the reasonable limit for height of these known land used unit by expert's assessment.Iterate owing to the present invention uses
Mode carry out subsequent calculations, it is only necessary to there is the known land used unit of reasonable limit for height on a small quantity, therefore can be by remaining known land used
Unit is rejected or directly as land used unit to be determined.
Step 2, according to described attribute feature vector, from usefully unit, in neighbouring land used unit and have identical
In the land used unit of land character, select the similarity coefficient the best part land used between each land used unit to be determined respectively
Unit, is then combined with together, as the similar plot of corresponding land used unit to be determined;
The present invention uses for reference the method for measuring similarity in machine learning, according to the attribute feature vector in each plot, can calculate
Go out all plot similarity coefficient between any two.The tolerance of similarity coefficient can use the Euclidean distance in characteristic vector space, graceful
Hatton's distance, Chebyshev's distance, Minkowski Distance, Hamming distance etc., or comentropy, correlation coefficient etc..This is concrete
Similarity coefficient S between any two plot a and plot b in embodimentabCan pass through formula (1) to calculate, similarity coefficient is the biggest, then and two
Similarity between individual plot is the highest:
In formula, n is the dimension of the attribute feature vector in plot, that is total classification number of attribute;Fk(a)、Fk(b)It is respectively a, b
The attribute factor of the kth attribute in two plot;WkWeights for kth attribute.
By similarity coefficient cut-off S set in advance1, filter out the incidence relation between plot, the most only two plot phases
Like coefficient more than S1, just think their the most similar plot, can be so the choosing of each land used unit to be determined
Fixed corresponding similarly set of blocks.The present invention is broadly divided into three parts and comes for the similar plot of land used Unit selection to be determined: first
Part be from unit usefully selects the N that similarity coefficient is the highest between land used unit to be determined1Individual land used unit conduct
Similar plot;Part II is only from neighbouring land used unit (the typically land used central point distance 500 of land used unit to be determined
-1000 meters of scopes of rice) the middle N selecting similarity coefficient the highest2Individual land used unit;Part III is to have with land used unit to be determined
The land used unit of identical land character selects the N that similarity coefficient is the highest3Individual land used unit.The union conduct that this three part selects
Similar plot, for follow-up probability selection and reference.The N that above-mentioned three parts select1、N2、N3All can set the most voluntarily
Fixed.
Step 3, the limit for height codomain of the use each land used unit to be determined of probability comparator algorithm iterative computation, specific as follows:
Step 3-1, the limit for height initializing each land used unit to be determined are A0;
Owing to the present invention uses iterative algorithm Step wise approximation optimum limit for height value, therefore initial limit for height A0Can arbitrarily set, example
As may be configured as the legal limit for height of 0 or maximum.
Step 3-2, using similarity coefficient as select probability, utilize similar from each land used unit to be determined of roulette algorithm
Plot select at least one similar plot as the reference plot of corresponding land used unit to be determined;
To each land used unit to be determined, from its similarly set of blocks, with similarity coefficient SabFor probability, randomly select
NumIndividual plot, as the plot the highest with reference to plot, i.e. similarity coefficient of this land used unit to be determined, is selected the probability of reference
The biggest.The present embodiment uses roulette wheel selection: split roulette according to each select probability with reference to plot similarity coefficient
In disk, then produce the random number between [0,1], this random number determined selected individuality as select finger.
NumValue can be 1, it is also possible to for the integer (i.e. choose multiple with reference to plot) more than 1.
Step 3-3, to each land used unit to be determined, according to the controlling elements weighted sum of this land used unit to be determined
SumaWith current controlling elements weighted sum Sum with reference to plotbBetween relation, to current ith iteration walk in this land used to be determined
Limit for height A of unitiIt is updated, then goes to step 3-2, carry out next iteration;
Controlling elements weighted sum Sum of arbitrary land used unit is represented by:
M in formula represents the classification sum of controlling elements, WkFor kth controlling elements FkWeights.
For each land used unit to be determined, according to its current limit for height B with reference to plotiDetermine from epicycle iteration
In interim limit for height output Ai+1, interim limit for height Ai+1Calculate according to controlling elements weighted sum Sum of this land used unit to be determineda
With current controlling elements weighted sum Sum with reference to plotbBetween the difference of relation and different, specific as follows:
If Suma≠Sumb, then:
If Suma=Sumb, and Ai< Bi, then: Ai+1=Ai+[Bi+(Bi/Sab-Bi)*D2-Ai]v;
If Suma=Sumb, and Ai< Bi, then: Ai+1=Ai+[Bi+(Bi*Sab-Bi)*D3-Ai]v;
If Suma=Sumb, and Ai=Bi, then: Ai+1=Ai=Bi;
Wherein, v is the default undulated control factor that span is (0,1), for the width of controlled plot of land change fluctuation
Degree, v value is closer to 1, and the fluctuating margin of result is the biggest, and v value is closer to 0, and result fluctuation is the most smooth;M is the kind of controlling elements
Number;D1、D2、D3It is default diversity factor corrected parameter, (can arrange voluntarily, usual value is 1), its role is to control to belong to
Property similar land used between diversity factor, its difference degree described by i.e. two plot similarity coefficients and its actual mining inetesity difference
Between conversion relation;BiFor the current limit for height with reference to plot, SabSimilar to current reference plot for land used unit to be determined
Coefficient.
If selected number N with reference to plotumMore than 1, then to each interim limit for height output A corresponding with reference to ploti+1
Average as final interim limit for height output Ai+1。
Owing to there is clear and definite legal limit for height in the regions such as Historical Block, air control area, literary composition declaration form position protection domain, so
Must be by final interim limit for height output Ai+1Compare with legal limit for height, if interim limit for height output is beyond legal limit for height, then use
Limit for height output is adjusted by legal limit for height, i.e. limits at the final of epicycle iteration using legal limit for height as this land used unit to be determined
High output, otherwise, exports in the final limit for height of epicycle iteration using the output of described interim limit for height as this land used unit to be determined.
Step 3-4, as reached stopping criterion for iteration, then to each land used unit to be determined, take turns iteration from the most some
Obtained by this land used unit to be determined limit for height in choose several values of maximum, and treat really using the average of these values as this
Determine the optimum limit for height of land used unit.
End condition in iterative algorithm usually reaches default maximum iteration time or degree of convergence is preset
Index.The present invention can use equally default maximum iteration time as end condition, or with each land used unit to be determined
Exporting change fluctuation tends towards stability as stopping criterion for iteration.Such as, concrete iteration ends calculation condition may be configured as: each treats
Determine that land used unit continuous 10 is taken turns result of calculation meansigma methods and is both less than a certain numerical value with 10 differences taking turns result of calculation meansigma methods before.
After computing terminates, take every piece of ground the most some taking turns the meansigma methods of (the most last 3 take turns or last five take turns) limit for height output as this
The optimum limit for height of land used unit to be determined.
The flow process of above-mentioned whole algorithm is as shown in Figure 1.
Claims (5)
1. a urban land limit for height based on probability reference determines method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1, each attribute to land used unit each in city quantify, and are normalized to the corresponding scope genus in (0,1)
Sex factor, the vector that all properties factor of same land used unit is constituted is as the attribute feature vector of this land used unit;Institute
The attribute stating land used unit includes directly can building the controlled attribute that potentiality are relevant to land used, and can not build potentiality with land used
Directly related attribute of a relation;The attribute factor of controlled attribute is controlling elements, and the attribute factor of attribute of a relation is relationship factor;
Described land used unit includes known land used unit known to land used unit to be determined that one group of limit for height is unknown and one group of limit for height;
Step 2, according to described attribute feature vector, from usefully unit, in neighbouring land used unit and there is identical land used
In the land used unit of character, select the similarity coefficient the best part land used list between each land used unit to be determined respectively
Unit, is then combined with together, as the similar plot of corresponding land used unit to be determined;
Step 3, the limit for height codomain of the use each land used unit to be determined of probability comparator algorithm iterative computation, specific as follows:
Step 3-1, the limit for height initializing each land used unit to be determined are A0;
Step 3-2, using similarity coefficient as select probability, utilize roulette algorithm from the similar plot of each land used unit to be determined
At least one similar plot of middle selection is as the reference plot of corresponding land used unit to be determined;
Step 3-3, to each land used unit to be determined, according to controlling elements weighted sum Sum of this land used unit to be determinedaWith
Current controlling elements weighted sum Sum with reference to plotbBetween relation, to current ith iteration walk in this land used unit to be determined
Limit for height AiIt is updated, then goes to step 3-2, carry out next iteration;Described renewal is specific as follows:
Current with reference to plot to each, try to achieve corresponding A the most in accordance with the following methodsi+1, then average and treat really as this
Determine land used unit and export in the interim limit for height of epicycle iteration:
If Suma≠Sumb, then:
If Suma=Sumb, and Ai< Bi, then: Ai+1=Ai+[Bi+(Bi/Sab-Bi)*D2-Ai]v;
If Suma=Sumb, and Ai< Bi, then: Ai+1=Ai+[Bi+(Bi*Sab-Bi)*D3-Ai]v;
If Suma=Sumb, and Ai=Bi, then: Ai+1=Ai=Bi;
Wherein, v is the default undulated control factor that span is (0,1), and m is the species number of controlling elements, D1、D2、D3All
For default diversity factor corrected parameter, BiFor the current limit for height with reference to plot, SabFor land used unit to be determined with current with reference to ground
The similarity coefficient of block;
As the output of described interim limit for height is beyond legal limit for height, then using legal limit for height as this land used unit to be determined in epicycle iteration
The output of final limit for height, otherwise, using the output of described interim limit for height as this land used unit to be determined in the final limit of epicycle iteration
High output;
Step 3-4, as reached stopping criterion for iteration, then to each land used unit to be determined, take turns iteration gained from the most some
To this land used unit to be determined limit for height in choose several values of maximum, and using the average of these values as this use to be determined
The optimum limit for height of ground unit.
2. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the similarity coefficient between any two land used unit is that the two is used
Ground unit distance in attribute character space.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described distance is Euclidean distance.
4. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described stopping criterion for iteration is particularly as follows: reach default maximum and change
Generation number, or the change threshold that the change of continuous several times iteration output is respectively less than preset.
5. as claimed in claim 1 method, it is characterised in that the limit for height of described known land used unit is reasonable through expert amendment
Limit for height.
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US20110074783A1 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2011-03-31 | 1626628 Ontario Limited | System, Apparatus and Method for Mapping |
CN104992260A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-10-21 | 东南大学 | Urban land function suitability planning method based on multi-dimensional guiding |
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Title |
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