CN106092778B - The experimental rig and method of forming limit diagram under the conditions of a kind of acquisition complex loading - Google Patents
The experimental rig and method of forming limit diagram under the conditions of a kind of acquisition complex loading Download PDFInfo
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- CN106092778B CN106092778B CN201610537474.9A CN201610537474A CN106092778B CN 106092778 B CN106092778 B CN 106092778B CN 201610537474 A CN201610537474 A CN 201610537474A CN 106092778 B CN106092778 B CN 106092778B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/28—Investigating ductility, e.g. suitability of sheet metal for deep-drawing or spinning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
- G01N2203/0282—Two dimensional, e.g. tapes, webs, sheets, strips, disks or membranes
Abstract
The present invention disclose it is a kind of acquisition complex loading under the conditions of forming limit diagram experimental rig and method, belong to Sheet metal forming processing technique field.The experimental rig is original including reequiping special punch-pin on the basis of multi-functional plate forming machine, and other devices and mold are existing equipment；Special punch-pin includes small punch and big punch-pin, and the lower end of small punch is equipped with card hoop Interface, and for card hoop Interface for docking with hydraulic mandril, the inside of big punch-pin is the vestibule that can be socketed with small punch.Experimental rig provided by the invention and method can a step realize complex loading, without carrying out corresponding predeformation to plate before bulging, avoid the test process of timeliness problem and versus busy；The present invention is all made of the plate of same size, without processing sizes plate, can batch machining, save test period, shorten the test period.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to Sheet metal forming processing technique fields, and in particular to shape under the conditions of a kind of acquisition complex loading
The experimental rig and method of limiting figure.
Background technique:
Forming limit diagram (Forming Limit Diagram, FLD) is that plate rubs in differently strained path and difference
Its limiting strain e when local buckling under the conditions of wiping1、e2(engineering strain) or ε1、ε2The strip-form region that (logarithmic strain) is constituted
Or whole figure region is divided into three parts by curve, the belt strip or curve: safety zone, rupture zone and critical zone, FLD can be comprehensively
It reflects the partial plastic forming limit of the plate under unidirectional and two-way action of pulling stress, is quantitatively retouched to one kind of sheet metal formability
It states, is a kind of judgment curves to Sheet Metal Forming Technology success or failure, in the practical punching production forming of plate and plate numerical simulation point
Analysing two aspects has its important application.
The measuring method of Sheet Metal Forming Limit curve FLD usually has theoretical calculation and test to obtain two methods.Theory meter
It is based on yield criterion, plastic constitutive relation at last, is parsed with instability in tension criterion.Basic reason is plastically deformed based on plate
By calculating need to consider from plate initial deformation state, i.e., need to consider the initial yield criterion of plate, including isotropism surrender standard
Then and Anisotropic Yield Criterion, wherein also needing to consider that strain hardening rule and its subsequent of the material in deformation process are bent
Function is taken, the instability status of plate is then analyzed.Unstability is mainly shown as instability in tension, and widely used includes that Swift disperses
Property Unstability Theory and Hill propose concentration Unstability Theory, and Hill theory be directed to including Hill48, Hill79, Hill93 etc.
The different theories that different plates propose；A series of plates such as the C-H theory proposed in addition there are M-K groove theory, the country south Chen Guang
Expect Unstability Theory analysis rule.
The test of FLD, which obtains, to use standard test device to answer by changing specimen width and lubricating condition based on grid
Become analytical technology, obtain limiting strain data and FLD is established by strain value needed for calculating.It is different according to test specimen force way,
The method of building FLD is divided into " Surface Method " and " platen surface method ", and Surface Method mainly has Heckler test method(s), Nakazim test
Method；Platen surface method mainly has A-B test method(s), M-K test method(s) etc., and wherein Nakazim test method(s) is applied more, is built using this method
Vertical FLD needs to process series of rectangular sample, and rectangular specimen length is 180mm, and width is passed every time from 180mm to 20mm
Subtract 20mm, i.e., a kind of every FLD for obtaining plate need to process the different plate sample of at least nine；Or 9 different size bones need to be processed
Shape sample, and Nakazim test method(s) is in the case where linear loading (proportional loading or simple load) or approximately linear load
Obtained FLD.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that there are following technical problems for the existing method for obtaining FLD:
1, the theoretical system not determined when theoretical calculation determines the forming limit diagram of certain plate, and calculating process is multiple
It is miscellaneous, it is easy error, and also need certain material property values needed for obtaining by the performance test of material before calculating, such as processed hard
Change index, the coefficient of normal anisortopy etc..
2, test method(s) needs to process various sizes of plate, that is, needs a variety of samples.
3, either test obtains or by theoretical calculation, the FLD typically obtained according to linear loading, however real
Sheet forming not all simply loads in the production of border, such as some parts that are complicated, needing Simulation Based On Multi-step to shape.Theoretical and test
Show: same plate, using different loading methods, FLD is very different.
For the strain loading path-dependency for solving the problems, such as above-mentioned FLD, propose with forming limit stress diagram (forming
Limit stress diagram, FLSD) to substitute FLD.FLSD is the limit that sheet metal deformation is considered on the basis of FLD test
Stress and limiting strain relationship, convert to obtain by ess-strain.For verify FLSD load path independence, in test and mould
Nonlinear loading, i.e. complex loading must be realized when quasi-, by comparing FLD, FLSD of different loading method acquisitions, can be obtained
Conclusion out.
The existing method for realizing complex strain paths has: bulging is to plate unstability, list after simple tension preloads in parallel
To stretching after bulging after vertical preload is preloaded to plate unstability, biaxial tension bulging to plate unstability, plane strain pre-add
Bulging is to plate unstability etc. after load.The method for realizing complex strain paths is substantially to be divided into two tests, i.e., after first predeformation
Bulging, two tests are not to carry out simultaneously, the timeliness after not accounting for Sheet Metal Processing, and most of part forming be once at
Shape or interval time are very short, therefore above-mentioned complex loading condition may affect to test result due to timeliness.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of acquisition complex loading under the conditions of forming limit diagram experimental rig and method,
Experimental rig provided by the present invention is original including reequiping punch device, other dresses on the basis of multi-functional plate forming machine
It sets and mold is existing equipment.
The experimental rig of forming limit diagram includes multifunction board under the conditions of a kind of acquisition complex loading provided by the present invention
Expect forming machine and shaping dies；The multi-functional plate forming machine includes forming machine matrix 7, hydraulic mandril and hydraulic control system
System；The shaping dies includes with the cavity plate 1 of flanging muscle, the blank holder 3 with flanging muscle, detachable outside plate 6 and special convex
Mould；The special punch-pin includes small punch 11 and big punch-pin 4, and the upper end of the small punch 11 is hemispherical punch-pin, described small convex
The lower end of mould 11 is equipped with card hoop Interface 5, and the card hoop Interface 5 is used for and the hydraulic mandril 10 that can be moved vertically that connect punch-pin
Docking, the small punch 11 are a kind of special dies that predeformation is carried out to plate；The inside of the big punch-pin 4 is can be with institute
The vestibule of the socket of small punch 11 is stated, the outside of the big punch-pin 4 is hemispherical punch-pin；The hydraulic mandril includes connection blank holder
The hydraulic mandril 9 that can be moved vertically and connect punch-pin the hydraulic mandril 10 that can be moved vertically；The connection punch-pin
The upper end for the hydraulic mandril 10 that can be moved vertically is equipped with the clamp hoop connecting device 12 being attached with the small punch 11, described
The hydraulic mandril 10 that can be moved vertically of connection punch-pin connect hydraulic coupling is transmitted to after the small punch 11 and big punch-pin 4 it is small
On punch-pin 11 and big punch-pin 4, bulging test is completed.
Specific step is as follows for the test method of forming limit diagram under the conditions of a kind of acquisition complex loading provided by the present invention:
(1) plate sample is prepared, the rectangular plate of 180*180mm is uniformly cut to and prints grid.
(2) punch position returns to zero: by the hydraulic mandril that can be moved vertically of the small punch 11 and the connection punch-pin
10 are docked, and then the big punch-pin 4 is socketed on the small punch 11, and the big punch-pin 4 is adjusted to the cavity plate 1
Lower section, which is set as zero displacement point position, the speed of service of the big punch-pin 4 and small punch 11 is adjusted for the later period.
(3) place plate: by step (1) produce the plate 8 of grid be successively placed on to according to Standard Order it is described
On blank holder 3.
(4) small punch bulging plate: after initial pressure-pad-force is set as X, rise the blank holder 3, make the plate 8 and institute
The contact of cavity plate 1 is stated, the flanging muscle 2 docked on the blank holder 3 and the cavity plate 1 at this time pushes down the plate 8, with described small
The flange metal of the increase of 11 stroke of punch-pin, the plate 8 is flowed to deformed area, when the small punch 11 rises to certain height
When spending h, stop small punch bulging plate, h indicates the small punch 11 from the contact plate 8 to after completing to plate bulging
Then the small punch 11 is dropped to the position that can install the big punch-pin 4 manually by stroke distances.
Initial pressure-pad-force X=(10-20) the * α * t2, α in formula: the yield strength (MPa) of plate；T: the thickness of plate
(mm)。
(5) big punch-pin bulging plate: the big punch-pin 4 is socketed on the small punch 11, and pressure-pad-force is adjusted to most
Big value, the flange metal of the plate 8 is no longer flowed to deformed area at this time, the plate 8 with big 4 stroke of punch-pin increasing
Add until rupture, the rent can obtain ultimate strain value and other test datas, complete a kind of test of stress state.
(6) decline the big punch-pin 4 and blank holder 3 to the height that can take out the plate 8, close system power supply,
The plate 8 is taken out, related data is measured.
(7) plate is replaced, the big punch-pin 4 is unloaded, changes the lifting height h and initial pressure-pad-force X of the small punch 11,
Repeating said steps (3)-(6) record plate ultimate strain value under different strain regimes, and the test for completing forming limit diagram is surveyed
It is fixed.
The experimental rig of forming limit diagram and method can step realities under the conditions of a kind of acquisition complex loading provided by the invention
Existing complex loading avoids above-mentioned timeliness problem and versus busy without carrying out corresponding predeformation to plate before bulging
Test process；The method of the present invention is all made of the plate of same size, without processing sizes plate, can batch machining, section
Test period is saved, the test period is shortened.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1: for the structural schematic diagram of experimental rig of the present invention；
Fig. 2: for small punch in experimental rig of the present invention and hydraulic mandril clamp connection structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 3: small punch position view when being replaced for experimental rig convex mould of the present invention；
Fig. 4: for rectangular plate schematic diagram；
Fig. 5: for bone shape plate schematic diagram.
In figure: 1: cavity plate；2: flanging muscle；3: blank holder；4: big punch-pin；5: card hoop Interface；6: detachable outside plate；7: more function
It can sheet forming machine matrix；8: plate；9: connecting the hydraulic mandril that can be moved vertically of blank holder；10: connecting the energy of punch-pin
The hydraulic mandril enough to move vertically；11: small punch；12: clamp hoop connecting device.
Specific embodiment:
The experimental rig of forming limit diagram includes multifunction board under the conditions of a kind of acquisition complex loading provided by the present invention
Expect forming machine and shaping dies；Multi-functional plate forming machine includes forming machine matrix 7, hydraulic mandril and hydraulic control system；At
Shape mold includes cavity plate 1, the blank holder 3 with flanging muscle, detachable outside plate 6 and special punch-pin with flanging muscle；It is special convex
Mould includes small punch 11 and big punch-pin 4, and the upper end of small punch 11 is hemispherical punch-pin, and the lower end of the small punch 11 is equipped with clip
Interface 5, the card hoop Interface 5 are used to dock with the hydraulic mandril 10 that can be moved vertically for connecting punch-pin, the small punch 11
It is a kind of special die that predeformation is carried out to plate；The inside of big punch-pin 4 is the vestibule that can be socketed with the small punch 11,
The outside of the big punch-pin 4 is hemispherical punch-pin, and the bulb diameter a of the big punch-pin 4 makes according to bulging test mould standard,
Big convex mould diameter is 2-3 times of small punch；The hydraulic mandril includes the hydraulic mandril 9 that can be moved vertically for connecting blank holder
And the hydraulic mandril 10 that can be moved vertically of connection punch-pin；The hydraulic mandril 10 that can be moved vertically of the connection punch-pin
Upper end is equipped with the clamp hoop connecting device 12 being attached with the small punch 11, the liquid that can be moved vertically of the connection punch-pin
Hydraulic coupling is transmitted on small punch 11 and big punch-pin 4 by the bar 10 that bears down on one after connecting the small punch 11 and big punch-pin 4, completes bulging
Test.
Specific step is as follows for the test method of forming limit diagram under the conditions of a kind of acquisition complex loading provided by the present invention:
1, plate sample is prepared, sheet thickness is 1mm, and yield strength is 160MPa, is uniformly cut to the side of 180*180mm
Shape plate.
2, punch position returns to zero: docking small punch and hydraulic mandril are socketed big punch-pin and small punch (big convex mould diameter
100mm, small punch diameter 40mm), big punch-pin height is adjusted to about 10mm below cavity plate, which is set as zero displacement point
Position, so as to the later period appropriate adjustment punch-pin speed of service.
3, it places plate: the plate for producing grid is successively placed on blank holder to according to the sequence of standard.
4, small punch bulging plate: rising blank holder, contact plate with cavity plate, initial pressure-pad-force is set as 2400N, small
Punch-pin rises drawing plate: as the increase flange metal of small punch stroke can be flowed to deformed area, when small punch rises to
When certain altitude h, small punch lifting height h=(0-10) * t, t: plate thickness (mm) (h is 0,2,4,6,8 respectively,
10mm)；Small punch drops to the position that can install big punch-pin manually later.
5, big punch-pin bulging plate: big punch-pin is socketed small punch, and pressure-pad-force is adjusted to maximum value, at this time flange metal
No longer flowed to deformed area, plate is increased up rupture with big punch travel, the available ultimate strain value of the rent and its
His test data, completes a kind of test of stress state.
6, decline big punch-pin, the height that decline flanging can extremely take out plate, close system power supply, take out plate, measurement
Related data.
7, plate is replaced, changes small punch lifting height h, repeat the above steps 3-6, records different strain regime lower plates
Expect ultimate strain value, completes the test measurement of forming limit diagram FLD.
Claims (2)
1. the experimental rig of forming limit diagram under the conditions of a kind of acquisition complex loading, it is characterised in that the experimental rig includes more function
It can sheet forming machine and shaping dies；The multi-functional plate forming machine includes forming machine matrix (7), hydraulic mandril and hydraulic control
System processed；The shaping dies includes cavity plate (1), blank holder (3), detachable outside plate with flanging muscle with flanging muscle
(6) and special punch-pin；The special punch-pin includes small punch (11) and big punch-pin (4), and the upper end of the small punch (11) is half
The lower end of spherical punch-pin, the small punch (11) is equipped with card hoop Interface (5), and the card hoop Interface (5) is used for and connect punch-pin
Hydraulic mandril (10) docking that can be moved vertically, the small punch (11) are a kind of special moulds that predeformation is carried out to plate
Tool；The inside of the big punch-pin (4) is the vestibule that can be socketed with the small punch (11), and the outside of the big punch-pin (4) is
Hemispherical punch-pin；The hydraulic mandril includes the hydraulic mandril (9) that can be moved vertically and connection punch-pin for connecting blank holder
The hydraulic mandril (10) that can be moved vertically；The upper end of the hydraulic mandril (10) that can be moved vertically of the connection punch-pin is equipped with
The clamp hoop connecting device (12) being attached with the small punch (11), the hydraulic top that can be moved vertically of the connection punch-pin
Hydraulic coupling is transmitted to the small punch (11) and big punch-pin (4) after bar (10) the connection small punch (11) and big punch-pin (4)
On, for completing bulging test.
2. the test method of experimental rig described in claim 1, it is characterised in that specific step is as follows for the test method:
(1) plate sample is prepared, the rectangular plate of 180*180mm is uniformly cut to and prints grid；
(2) punch position returns to zero: by the hydraulic mandril that can be moved vertically of the small punch (11) and the connection punch-pin
(10) docked, then the big punch-pin (4) be socketed on the small punch (11), by the big punch-pin (4) adjust to
The lower section of the cavity plate (1), is set as zero displacement point position for the position, adjusts the big punch-pin (4) and small punch for the later period
(11) the speed of service；
(3) it places plate: the plate (8) that step (1) produces grid is successively placed on the pressure according to Standard Order in
On flange (3)；
(4) small punch bulging plate: after initial pressure-pad-force is set as X, rise the blank holder (3), make the plate (8) and institute
Cavity plate (1) contact is stated, the flanging muscle (2) docked on the blank holder (3) and the cavity plate (1) at this time pushes down the plate (8),
With the increase of the small punch (11) stroke, the flange metal of the plate (8) is flowed to deformed area, when the small punch
(11) when rising to certain altitude h, stop small punch bulging plate, h indicates the small punch (11) from the contact plate (8)
To completion to the stroke distances after plate bulging, the big punch-pin can be installed manually by then dropping to the small punch (11)
(4) position；
Initial pressure-pad-force X=(10~20) the * α * t2, α in formula: the yield strength (MPa) of plate；T: the thickness (mm) of plate；
(5) big punch-pin bulging plate: the big punch-pin (4) is socketed on the small punch (11), and pressure-pad-force is adjusted to most
Big value, the flange metal of the plate (8) is no longer flowed to deformed area at this time, and the plate (8) is with big punch-pin (4) row
Journey is increased up rupture, which can obtain ultimate strain value and other test datas, completes a kind of stress state
Test；
(6) decline the height that the big punch-pin (4) and blank holder (3) can extremely take out the plate (8), close system electricity
Source is taken out the plate (8), and related data is measured；
(7) plate is replaced, the big punch-pin (4) is unloaded, changes the lifting height h and initial pressure-pad-force X of the small punch (11),
Repeating said steps (3)-(6) record plate ultimate strain value under different strain regimes, and the test for completing forming limit diagram is surveyed
It is fixed.
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