CN106092524A - A kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal - Google Patents

A kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal Download PDF

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CN106092524A
CN106092524A CN201610322710.5A CN201610322710A CN106092524A CN 106092524 A CN106092524 A CN 106092524A CN 201610322710 A CN201610322710 A CN 201610322710A CN 106092524 A CN106092524 A CN 106092524A
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signal
frequency
speed
accurately
extract
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CN106092524B (en
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杨军
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Changxing Shengyang Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/021—Gearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, be used for carrying out specific aim and collect evidence for a long time, convenient and hidden.In order to realize described purpose, a kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal of the present invention is average by vibration signal being included, this passage or the passage of other synchronized samplings carry out signal resampling by the zero crossing temporal information obtained, the order information relevant to obtain rotating speed, can be used for the accident analysis of rotor-support-foundation system or gear-box.In the case of not having tachometer analog or digital input signal, this method is a very useful instrument.

Description

A kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extract the tach signal method for data analysis, particularly relate to a kind of use vibration signal The method accurately extracting tach signal.
Background technology
Rotating machinery constitutes very important part in plant equipment, such as electromotor, compressor, aeroengine etc.. Along with the fast development of science and technology, rotating machinery day by day maximizes and complicates, once breaking down, and loss may be very serious, Therefore the status monitoring based on vibration signal for rotating machinery becomes to become more and more important.
For the status monitoring of rotating machinery, the rotary speed of plant equipment and tach signal (Tachometer or key phase Signal Key phaser) it is extremely important, in addition to rotary speed itself is an important indicator, tach signal is also follow-up A lot of vibration parameters extract and the basis of failure analysis methods, such as order analysis, it is necessary to tach signal is as the reference time Sequence carries out the resampling of vibration signal.But the measurement of industry spot tach signal is not easy to, above a lot of equipment all There is no tachometer or a rotation-speed measuring device, and follow-up install additional the most extremely difficult；It addition, wireless vibration sensor is in industry spot Monitoring of equipment used the most more and more, these sensors do not have tach signal to coordinate, even if having, they and turn The synchronization of speed signal is currently also one of difficult problem of facing of industry.
To this, patent of invention " a kind of engine speed measuring method based on DSP of Patent No. 201410036882.7 And device " in disclose a kind of engine speed measuring method based on DSP and device, by obtain engine luggine believe Number, exhaust sound signal or engine ignition voltage signal, and the signal obtained is AD converted, according to default sample rate Signal data after changing AD is sampled；Data after sampling are carried out amplitude limit digital filtering and adds at Hanning window function Reason；Data after processing carry out fast Fourier transform makes time domain sampled data be transformed to spectrum value in frequency domain, and calculates each frequency Rate point amplitude；The frequency values that electromotor is corresponding is calculated according to frequency first-harmonic interval method；Corresponding with electromotor according to engine speed The relation of frequency values, obtain the rotating speed of electromotor；Thus improve tachometric survey precision and capacity of resisting disturbance, reduce erroneous judgement Rate.
Although but such method can accurately obtain the numerical value of certain concrete point, can not be used for carrying out follow-up fault The operations such as analysis.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, be used for carrying out pin Evidence obtaining long to property, convenient and hidden.
In order to realize described purpose, a kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, including
Step 1: obtain vibration signal；
Step 2: gained vibration signal in step 1 is loaded Hanning window；
Step 3: gained signal in step 2 is carried out fast fourier transform,
It is characterized in that, also include step 4: estimate known speed scope；
Step 5: the range of speeds will estimated in step 3 the data obtained integrating step 4,
Hanning window characteristic is utilized to obtain speed-frequency position and check speed-frequency；Assuming that the width of two sidebands in left and right Value is respectively a, b, and position is fa, fb, then, in the case of a ≠ b, speed-frequency is fc accurately
f c = f a + ( f b - f a ) * b a + b
Step 6: rotating speed and week side frequency are extracted in the speed-frequency position obtained in the data obtained integrating step 5 in step 3 Rate amplitude, retains phase information, merges into plural form；
Step 7: the data obtained in step 6 are carried out inverse fast fourier transform, it is thus achieved that
Time-domain signal；
Wherein, eiIt it is the exponential form of plural number；
N is the index of time-domain digital signal after inverse fast fourier transform；
K is the index of frequency-region signal.
Step 8: the time-domain signal in step 7 is obtained speed-frequency component by method of least square sine curve fitting；
Step 9: generate rotating speed square-wave signal, use the zero crossing temporal information jumping as tach signal of this sinusoidal signal Height, generates rotating speed square-wave signal, standby for follow-up signal analysis.
Preferably, the concrete mode obtaining vibration signal in described step 1 is: assume equipment sampled signal length time Between interval in stabilization of speed, obtain raw digital signal x (n) of vibrating sensor, intercept 2^N sampled point, make the number of acquisition Word signal time length exceeded but close to 1 second.Such value is easy to finishing operations, the most enough guarantees the degree of accuracy of computing.
Preferably, to obtaining signal X (n) loading Hanning window w (n)
w ( n ) = 1 2 ( 1 - c o s ( 2 π n N - 1 ) )
The data of window function and the data of primary signal make the multiplication between corresponding point, it is thus achieved that load after window function is new Signal data point X ' (n),
X ' (n)=w (n) * X (n).
Preferably, described in described step 3, fast fourier transform mode is:
X k = Σ n = 0 N - 1 x n e - i 2 π k n N , k = 0 , ... , N - 1.
Preferably, described step 6 concretely comprises the following steps frequency-region signal is converted into polar form, by amplitude spectrum and phase place Spectrum composition, is out for further processing single-row for amplitude spectrum, and phase spectrum keeps constant.
Preferably, in described step 4, known speed evaluation method is: obtain constant rotational speed R by unit type, in amplitude Its corresponding peak value is inquired in spectrum；If rotating speed is in the middle of upset condition, then the result processed according to previous cycle, The peak value nearby of inquiry amplitude spectrum in the frequency range of positive and negative 5%.So it is easy to value when calculating.
Preferably, obtain in the inverse in the cycle of this sinusoidal signal obtained in described step 8 and step 5 checks rotating speed Frequency compares, and obtains difference, and it is qualified that described difference is then verified as within 1RPM, otherwise returns to step 1, resets whole mistake Journey.Excessive error is avoided to produce by checking speed-frequency.
By such setting, a kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal of the present invention can be passed through Vibration signal includes the zero crossing temporal information obtained this passage or the passage of other synchronized samplings carries out letter The order information that number resampling is average, relevant to obtain rotating speed, can be used for the accident analysis of rotor-support-foundation system or gear-box.Do not having In the case of having tachometer analog or digital input signal, this method is a very useful instrument.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is original time domain letter in a kind of embodiment of the method 1 using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal of the present invention Number schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is to the schematic diagram obtained after Fig. 1 original time domain signal loading Hanning window.
Fig. 3 is the frequency-domain spectrum schematic diagram that signal in Fig. 2 carries out Fourier transform gained.
After Fig. 4 is for being amplified known speed scope, and according to the characteristic of Hanning window, rotating speed peak value is carried out ratio meter Calculation obtains speed-frequency schematic diagram accurately.
Fig. 5 be comparison Fig. 4 show obtain accurate speed-frequency position by geometric operation, in figure, the black line of overstriking is Calculate gained position.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram after editor's frequency domain amplitude spectrum, and concrete edit mode is: choose interpeak and each three of left and right Sideband amplitude line retains constant, remaining spectral line amplitude is set to 5 powers of 10.
Fig. 7 is that the phase spectrum of amplitude spectrum and separation is merged, and does inverse-Fourier transform, then to the time-domain signal obtained Do method of least square sine curve fitting, it is thus achieved that sinusoidal signal schematic diagram.Sine curve (display after wherein dotted line is matching 0.3 0.6 seconds parts)
Fig. 8 is the sinusoidal zero crossing after utilizing matching, generates rotating speed square-wave signal, can be used for follow-up analysis letter The calculating of number.In figure, curve is for generating rotating speed square-wave signal, and dotted line is the tach signal generated.
Fig. 9 is a kind of method idiographic flow schematic diagram using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, a kind of use vibration signal is accurate The method extracting tach signal, including:
Step 1: obtain vibration signal；
Step 2: gained vibration signal in step 1 is loaded Hanning window；
Step 3: gained signal in step 2 is carried out fast fourier transform, it is characterised in that also include step 4: estimation Known speed scope；
Step 5: the range of speeds will estimated in step 3 the data obtained integrating step 4, utilizes Hanning window characteristic to obtain and turns Speed frequency location and check speed-frequency；Assuming that the amplitude of two sidebands in left and right is respectively a, b, position is fa, fb, then exist In the case of a ≠ b, speed-frequency is fc accurately,
f c = f a + ( f b - f a ) * h a + b .
Step 6: rotating speed and week side frequency are extracted in the speed-frequency position obtained in the data obtained integrating step 5 in step 3 Rate amplitude, retains phase information, merges into plural form；
Step 7: the data obtained in step 6 are carried out inverse fast fourier transform, it is thus achieved that
Time-domain signal；
Wherein, eiIt it is the exponential form of plural number；
N is the index of time-domain digital signal after inverse fast fourier transform；
K is the index of frequency-region signal.
Step 8: the time-domain signal in step 7 is obtained speed-frequency component by method of least square sine curve fitting；
Step 9: generate rotating speed square-wave signal, use the zero crossing temporal information jumping as tach signal of this sinusoidal signal Height, generates rotating speed square-wave signal, standby for follow-up signal analysis.
The concrete mode obtaining vibration signal in described step 1 is: assume the equipment time interval at sampled signal length Interior stabilization of speed, obtains raw digital signal x (n) of vibrating sensor, intercepts 2^N sampled point, make the digital signal of acquisition Time span exceeded but close to 1 second.Hanning window w (n) is loaded to obtaining signal X (n)
w ( n ) = 1 2 ( 1 - c o s ( 2 π n N - 1 ) )
The data of window function and the data of primary signal make the multiplication between corresponding point, it is thus achieved that load after window function is new Signal data point X ' (n),
X ' (n)=w (n) * X (n).Described in described step 3, fast fourier transform mode is: Described step 6 concretely comprises the following steps frequency-region signal is converted into polar form, be made up of amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum, amplitude spectrum Single-row being out for further processing, phase spectrum keeps constant.In described step 4, known speed evaluation method is: pass through equipment Model obtains constant rotational speed R, inquires its corresponding peak value on amplitude spectrum；If rotating speed is in the middle of upset condition, then The result processed according to previous cycle, inquires about the peak value nearby of amplitude spectrum in the frequency range of positive and negative 5%.In described step 8 The inverse in the cycle of this sinusoidal signal obtained compares with the speed-frequency of checking obtained in step 5, obtains difference, described difference It is qualified that value is then verified as within 1RPM, otherwise returns to step 1, resets whole process.
As it is shown in figure 1, the sample frequency of the vibration signal data acquisition of the cooling fan of certain motor drag is 2560Hz, Then choosing 2^12=4096 sampled point, i.e. sampling length is 4096.So sampling length of signal is 1.6 seconds, dividing of frequency domain Resolution is 2560/4096=0.625Hz.Inquiring about according to model, the velocity of rotation of fan is about 1000 revs/min.
By the signal loading Hanning window in Fig. 1, it is thus achieved that the signal shown in Fig. 2.
Gained windowing signal in Fig. 2 is carried out Fourier transform, obtains the frequency-domain spectrum shown in Fig. 3.Figure only shows 0 80Hz part.
Known speed scope is amplified, and according to the characteristic of Hanning window, rotating speed peak value is carried out ratio and calculate and obtain standard True speed-frequency 17.08Hz.
The frequency spectrum being amplification in Fig. 4 is interval
Accurate speed-frequency position, the i.e. black line of the overstriking shown in Fig. 5 is obtained for calculating gained by geometric operation Position.
Choose each three the sideband amplitude lines of interpeak and left and right and retain constant, remaining spectral line amplitude is set to 10 5 powers.
Frequency domain amplitude after editor is composed as shown in Figure 6,
Hereafter the phase spectrum of amplitude spectrum and separation is merged, do inverse-Fourier transform.Then to the time-domain signal obtained Do method of least square sine curve fitting, it is thus achieved that the sinusoidal signal shown in Fig. 7.Dotted line is the matching of 0.3 0.6 seconds parts of display Curve.Utilizing the sinusoidal zero crossing after matching, generate rotating speed square-wave signal as shown in Figure 8, dotted line is generate Tach signal.This curve can be used for the calculating of follow-up analytic function.What the frequency of this square-wave signal and spectrum calculation obtained turns Speed frequency compares, and result is consistent.

Claims (7)

1. use the method that vibration signal accurately extracts tach signal, including
Step 1: obtain vibration signal；
Step 2: gained vibration signal in step 1 is loaded Hanning window；
Step 3: gained signal in step 2 is carried out fast fourier transform,
It is characterized in that, also include step 4: estimate known speed scope；
Step 5: the range of speeds will estimated in step 3 the data obtained integrating step 4, utilizes Hanning window characteristic to obtain rotating speed frequency Rate position and check speed-frequency；Assuming that the amplitude of two sidebands in left and right is respectively a, b, position is fa, fb, then at a ≠ b In the case of, speed-frequency is fc accurately f c = f a + ( f b - f a ) * b a + b
Step 6: rotating speed and week side frequency width are extracted in the speed-frequency position obtained in the data obtained integrating step 5 in step 3 Value, retains phase information, merges into plural form；
Step 7: the data obtained in step 6 are carried out inverse fast fourier transform, it is thus achieved that time-domain signal；
x n = 1 N Σ k = 0 N - 1 X [ k ] e i 2 π k n / N
Wherein, eiIt it is the exponential form of plural number；
N is the index of time-domain digital signal after inverse fast fourier transform；
K is the index of frequency-region signal.
Step 8: the time-domain signal in step 7 is obtained speed-frequency component by method of least square sine curve fitting；
Step 9: generate rotating speed square-wave signal, use the zero crossing temporal information saltus step as tach signal of this sinusoidal signal Point, generates rotating speed square-wave signal, standby for follow-up signal analysis.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, it is characterised in that described step The concrete mode obtaining vibration signal in rapid 1 is: assume equipment stabilization of speed in the time interval of sampled signal length, obtains Raw digital signal x (n) of vibrating sensor, intercepts 2^N sampled point, makes the digital time length of acquisition exceed but connects Nearly 1 second.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, it is characterised in that to acquisition Signal X (n) loads Hanning window w (n)
The data of window function and the data of primary signal make the multiplication between corresponding point, it is thus achieved that Load new signal data point X ' (n) after window function,
X ' (n)=w (n) * X (n).
A kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, it is characterised in that described Fast fourier transform mode described in step 3 is:
A kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, it is characterised in that described Step 6 concretely comprises the following steps frequency-region signal is converted into polar form, be made up of amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum, amplitude spectrum is single-row Out being for further processing, phase spectrum keeps constant.
A kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, it is characterised in that described In step 4, known speed evaluation method is: obtains constant rotational speed R by unit type, inquires corresponding to it on amplitude spectrum Peak value；If rotating speed is in the middle of upset condition, then the result processed according to previous cycle, in the frequency range of positive and negative 5% The peak value nearby of interior inquiry amplitude spectrum.
A kind of method using vibration signal accurately to extract tach signal, it is characterised in that described The inverse in the cycle of this sinusoidal signal obtained in step 8 compares with the speed-frequency of checking obtained in step 5, and it is poor to obtain Value, it is qualified that described difference is then verified as within 1RPM, otherwise returns to step 1, resets whole process.
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CN106769033A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-31 西安交通大学 Variable speed rolling bearing fault recognition methods based on order envelope time-frequency energy spectrum
CN106872721A (en) * 2017-02-14 2017-06-20 浙江聚励云机械科技有限公司 A kind of engine speed based on storage battery cathode voltage calculates method
CN107798298A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-03-13 安徽容知日新科技股份有限公司 A kind of signal processing method, device and computing device
CN107918032A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-04-17 湖南大学 A kind of rotating speed measurement method of space multi-source voice signal fusion
CN108709635A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-10-26 国家电网有限公司 Determine the method and device of characteristic of rotating machines vibration signal major frequency components information
CN110017957A (en) * 2018-01-10 2019-07-16 神华集团有限责任公司 A kind of synchronized analyzing method, apparatus and system
CN110470465A (en) * 2019-09-19 2019-11-19 武汉市华英电力科技有限公司 A kind of breaker test method and system based on analysis of vibration signal
CN110987438A (en) * 2019-12-04 2020-04-10 国网福建省电力有限公司 Method for detecting periodical vibration impact signals of hydraulic generator in variable rotating speed process
CN111811845A (en) * 2019-04-04 2020-10-23 株式会社日立制作所 Diagnostic device
CN113188644A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-07-30 大唐东营发电有限公司 Harmonic vibration amplitude calculation method for rotary mechanical vibration test system
CN114264839A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-01 燕山大学 Rotating body rotating speed measuring method applying accelerometer

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CN106769033B (en) * 2016-11-30 2019-03-26 西安交通大学 Variable speed rolling bearing fault recognition methods based on order envelope time-frequency energy spectrum
CN106769033A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-31 西安交通大学 Variable speed rolling bearing fault recognition methods based on order envelope time-frequency energy spectrum
CN106872721A (en) * 2017-02-14 2017-06-20 浙江聚励云机械科技有限公司 A kind of engine speed based on storage battery cathode voltage calculates method
CN106872721B (en) * 2017-02-14 2019-04-30 浙江聚励云机械科技有限公司 A kind of engine speed calculating method based on storage battery cathode voltage
CN107798298A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-03-13 安徽容知日新科技股份有限公司 A kind of signal processing method, device and computing device
CN107798298B (en) * 2017-09-30 2020-06-05 安徽容知日新科技股份有限公司 Signal processing method and device and computing equipment
CN107918032A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-04-17 湖南大学 A kind of rotating speed measurement method of space multi-source voice signal fusion
CN110017957A (en) * 2018-01-10 2019-07-16 神华集团有限责任公司 A kind of synchronized analyzing method, apparatus and system
CN110017957B (en) * 2018-01-10 2021-08-31 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 Synchronous analysis method, device and system
CN108709635B (en) * 2018-08-17 2020-07-28 国家电网有限公司 Method and device for determining main frequency component information of rotary mechanical vibration signal
CN108709635A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-10-26 国家电网有限公司 Determine the method and device of characteristic of rotating machines vibration signal major frequency components information
CN111811845A (en) * 2019-04-04 2020-10-23 株式会社日立制作所 Diagnostic device
CN111811845B (en) * 2019-04-04 2022-06-21 株式会社日立制作所 Diagnostic device
CN110470465A (en) * 2019-09-19 2019-11-19 武汉市华英电力科技有限公司 A kind of breaker test method and system based on analysis of vibration signal
CN110987438A (en) * 2019-12-04 2020-04-10 国网福建省电力有限公司 Method for detecting periodical vibration impact signals of hydraulic generator in variable rotating speed process
CN110987438B (en) * 2019-12-04 2021-12-28 国网福建省电力有限公司 Method for detecting periodical vibration impact signals of hydraulic generator in variable rotating speed process
CN113188644A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-07-30 大唐东营发电有限公司 Harmonic vibration amplitude calculation method for rotary mechanical vibration test system
CN114264839A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-01 燕山大学 Rotating body rotating speed measuring method applying accelerometer

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