CN106017889B - A kind of experimental rig and detection method of the degeneration of detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance - Google Patents

A kind of experimental rig and detection method of the degeneration of detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance Download PDF

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CN106017889B
CN106017889B CN201610460907.5A CN201610460907A CN106017889B CN 106017889 B CN106017889 B CN 106017889B CN 201610460907 A CN201610460907 A CN 201610460907A CN 106017889 B CN106017889 B CN 106017889B
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sliding block
detection
force
experimental rig
main shaft
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CN106017889A (en
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张巍
王民
孔德顺
昝涛
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/56Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

A kind of experimental rig and detection method of the degeneration of detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance, belong to accurate digital control manufacturing technology field.Slide block guide rail load operating experimental rig is designed using three-dimensional force transducer, experimental provision is loaded using vertical direction and side surface direction of the cylinder to straight-line rolling guide set, drives experimental provision to be moved by main shaft of numerical control machine tool.Sliding block and sensor are attached with main shaft by the attachment device of special designing, linear reciprocating motion is done with sliding block using digital control system is regular, connection type theoretically can be using rigid connection, it is contemplated that digital control system workbench also has a degree of parallel misalignment and angular error, the present invention, as buffer element, is arranged in sliding block axially and laterally using the suitable steel spring of coefficient of elasticity.The decline of main shaft can also be used in the present invention or Strategic Lateral Offset amount loads sliding block, in order to guarantee that main shaft is more stable to the load of sliding block and not have destructiveness.

Description

It is a kind of to detect the experimental rig and detection that linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated Method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rig that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated and detection methods, belong to Accurate digital control manufacturing technology field.
Background technique
The domestic development and machine tool guideway produced is in precision, wear-resisting shape, with state's outer guide phase in terms of the comprehensive performances such as rigidity Than all in disadvantage situation.Domestic guide rail generally improves guide rail using the method for increasing rolling element diameter or other raising preloads Secondary rigidity extends the loss of significance time.However there are many factor for influencing linear guide performance, it is single to be improved just by increasing pretightning force Degree and extend whether the precision retention time can improve that comprehensive performance is also uncertain, the deterioration law of pretightning force and Stiffness Deterioration Rule is still in continuous conceptual phase.
In order to improve the comprehensive performance of domestic guide rail, domestic scholars are carrying out unremitting effort, how to study guide rail The degenerative process of pretightning force, frictional force and rigidity in operational process becomes the problem that researcher encounters,
The present invention proposes and devises a kind of detection using accurate three-dimensional force transducer detection linear guide comprehensive performance Device, and propose, the method that load test is carried out to guide rail using the device and detects comprehensive performance degenerative process.The present apparatus can It degenerates for detecting frictional force of the guide rail by vertical load and lateral load when, the comprehensive performance of rigidity and pretightning force deterioration law Detection, apparatus of the present invention can also be used for detection guideway ball or raceway destroy when vibration analysis and reliability analysis.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose it is a kind of detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance degenerate experimental rig and inspection Survey method, the research degenerated for the precision degeneration of analysis detection line slideway auxiliary, Stiffness Deterioration, pretightning force.Belong to accurate number Control manufacturing technology field.
Technical solution:
The present invention designs slide rail load operating experimental rig using three-dimensional force transducer, and experimental rig uses cylinder pair The lateral of straight-line rolling guide set is loaded, and passes downwardly through angular contact ball bearing or thrust bearing to leading using main shaft Rail pair vertical direction is loaded, and drives experimental rig to move along a straight line by numerically controlled machine.Sliding block and sensor, The attachment device that sensor passes through special designing with knife handle is attached, and is done using the regular band movable slider of digital control system past Linear motion, connection type theoretically can be using rigid connections, it is contemplated that digital control system workbench also has certain journey The parallel misalignment and angular error of degree, the present invention is using the suitable steel spring of coefficient of elasticity as buffer element, difference cloth Set connection structure axially and laterally.The decline of main shaft can also be used in the present invention or Strategic Lateral Offset amount adds sliding block It carries, in order to guarantee that main shaft is more stable to the load of sliding block and not have destructiveness, the present invention is using butterfly spring to vertical direction Loading force is buffered.
Parallelism error of the linear guide on slide block movement direction and two orthogonal normals is first measured after the installation is completed, together When measurement linear guide vertical stiffness and lateral rigidity and frictional force, and saved as initial value, when load operating is certain Parallelism error, vertical stiffness and lateral rigidity are measured after time again, analyzes measurement result sequentially in time, analysis is being transported The pretightning force of sliding block and guide rail is lost during row, loss of rigidity, and then obtains loss of significance rule, and apparatus of the present invention can also be with On-line measurement is carried out, acquires the parameters such as dynamic force and the vibration signal of sliding block and guide rail in real time.
Apparatus of the present invention are equipped with the device of spring or other vibration-proof structures when carrying out load operating, but are measuring It needs to remove the structure with spring or other damping elements when shoe stiffness, elastic element is avoided to do measurement data It disturbs.
Apparatus of the present invention can be with the frictional force in real-time monitoring guide rail motion process, can also be by detection sliding block gradually Friction and wear degradation test under the operating status of acceleration.
Apparatus of the present invention can be very good to solve guide rail both direction vertical and lateral with sliding block synthesis loaded simultaneously Performance degradation problem, test method proposed by the present invention can detecte sliding block by vertical and lateral bidirectional load and make at the uniform velocity and The measurement of comprehensive performance parameter in the case of stage Accelerating running.Comprehensive performance for studying linear guide is degenerated with important Meaning,
The device of the invention can be used for detecting the accurate run-in test and line slideway auxiliary wear test occasion of guide rail, It can also be used for the detection test vibrated caused by linear guide destruction and the fine motion of linear guide loaded under knife handle rotary motion Wear test.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention main view;
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is 5 inner spring distribution map of slot type connecting plate;
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figs 1-4, a kind of experimental rig that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated, the straight line of the device Guideway is mounted on platen 15, and line slideway auxiliary includes guide rail 1 and sliding block 2, and sliding block 2 is mounted on guide rail 1;Power passes Sensor 13 can detect the size of the power in three directions simultaneously, and connecting plate 14 is for connecting force snesor 13 and sliding block 2;Power sensing 13 top of device is equipped with a gasket 12, and gasket 12 connects slot type connecting plate 5, force snesor 13, connecting plate 14, slot by binder Formula connecting plate 5 is all linked together and is fixed by screw 3;Four groups of springs 4, the elasticity of spring 4 are provided in slot type connecting plate 5 Coefficient is greater than the inertia force generated in main shaft accelerator, and bearing holder (housing, cover) 6 is provided with bearing 7, and 7 inner hole of bearing is equipped with main shaft knife handle 9, knife handle 9 is connected by nut 8 with main shaft, and the knife handle 9 of different-diameter, while 7 size of bearing can be replaced according to test requirements document It needs to adjust accordingly, butterfly spring 11, the work of butterfly spring 11 is installed between 6 bottom of bearing holder (housing, cover) and slot type connecting plate 5 With the impact for reduction 9 vertical load of knife handle to attachment device.
11 coefficient of elasticity of butterfly spring is sufficiently large to play the role of cushion impact forces;Utilize knife handle and additional cylinder point It is other that Vertical loading and lateral load are carried out to sliding block;Knife handle is added by angular contact bearing or thrust bearing or plane bearing It carries.
It is micron order, therefore, the initial installation accuracy and numerically-controlled machine tool of sliding block and main shaft that the present apparatus, which requires the precision of detection, Table feed error and the initial turn error of main shaft cannot be ignored, and detect before doing linear guide load run-in test And it notes down and analyzes;The present apparatus increases the spring and disc spring of high rigidity between main shaft and sliding block, on the one hand enough to obtain High rigidity connection, on the other hand can absorb acceleration inertia force and impact force from main shaft, the pressure value of additional cylinder is not It can exceed that machine tool chief axis laterally specified loading force.
The elastic element of spring 4 or butterfly spring 11 is not rigidly connected and is provided between knife handle 9 and sliding block 2, and The coefficient of elasticity of elastic element determines that loading force can be by the force snesor that is mounted in the present apparatus according to loading force and loading velocity 13 detections;Force snesor 13 has the detection accuracy of 0.1 newton, is able to detect the friction of linear guide operation at various speeds Power;This device can also detect vertical stiffness and lateral rigidity between sliding block and guide rail, and difference is able to detect in wear test The stiffness variation of wearing- in period.
A kind of detection method that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated, specific detecting step and method are as follows:
The first step after installation and debugging, detects initial installation error using laser interferometer or other positions measuring instrument, Two straightness errors and three deflection angle errors including sliding block in the entire stroke of guide rail;
Second step, digital control system carry out position control to workbench and realize sliding block and guide rail straight reciprocating, connection dress It sets and position that the stress of main shaft is zero is initial position, sliding block is laterally loaded by external cylinder, it is logical using knife handle It crosses angular contact bearing and thrust bearing to load sliding block vertical direction, three direction sensors in the device can be detected fortune Force signal during row is also able to detect vibration signal;
Third step, design cycle run program, carry out run-in test, test is divided to two kinds of methods of operation, respectively different to add Carry travel at the uniform speed under power grade mode and identical loading force difference speed of service mode;Measurement sliding block is under operation conditions respectively Loss of significance and loss of rigidity and change in friction force situation;Distance travelled is planned according to test requirements document, to same model Different line slideway auxiliaries carry out the test of two ways respectively, and are compared to data;
4th step can also realize the stage Accelerating running of line slideway auxiliary using machine tool numerical control system;So as to logical The percent of pass under measurement ball different motion speed is crossed, the relative motion analysis of rolling element is carried out, to obtain differential sliding Size, and then it is able to carry out line slideway auxiliary abrasion analysis.
The attachment device of knife handle and sliding block can be used in detecting accurate run-in test and the line slideway auxiliary abrasion examination of guide rail It tests, it can also be used under the detection test and motor rotary motion of the reliable sexual involution of guide rail, the fretting wear of the sliding block of Vertical loading Test.
Main shaft knife handle makees straight reciprocating motion by device band movable slider, and three direction sensors in the present apparatus can be real-time Detect three direction active forces, with the increasing sliding block pretightning force and Stiffness Deterioration of abrasion, the present apparatus be able to detect dynamic force with Slider vibration signal.
The present apparatus can be realized at the uniform velocity load test and accelerating and loading test, and then being capable of two kinds of stress states of comparative analysis Under, the degeneration of line slideway auxiliary pretightning force, Stiffness Deterioration and frictional behaviour deterioration law.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of experimental rig that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated, which is characterized in that the straight line of the device is led Rail pair is mounted on platen (15), and line slideway auxiliary includes guide rail (1) and sliding block (2), and sliding block (2) is mounted on guide rail (1) on;Force snesor (13) can detect the size of the power in three directions simultaneously, and connecting plate (14) is for connecting force snesor (13) and sliding block (2);Force snesor (13) top is equipped with a gasket (12), and gasket (12) connects slot type by binder and connects Plate (5), force snesor (13), connecting plate (14), slot type connecting plate (5) are all linked together and are fixed by screw (3);In slot Formula connecting plate (5) is provided with four groups of springs (4), and the coefficient of elasticity of spring (4) is greater than the inertia generated in main shaft accelerator Power, bearing holder (housing, cover) (6) are provided with bearing (7), and bearing (7) inner hole is equipped with main shaft knife handle (9), and knife handle (9) passes through nut (8) and main shaft It is connected, the knife handle (9) of different-diameter can be replaced according to test requirements document, while bearing (7) size needs adjust accordingly, axis It is equipped between bearing sleeve (6) bottom and slot type connecting plate (5) butterfly spring (11), the effect of butterfly spring (11) is to reduce knife handle (9) impact of the vertical load to attachment device.
2. a kind of experimental rig that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated according to claim 1, feature It is, butterfly spring (11) coefficient of elasticity is sufficiently large to play the role of cushion impact forces;Utilize knife handle and additional cylinder point It is other that Vertical loading and lateral load are carried out to sliding block;Knife handle is added by angular contact bearing or thrust bearing or plane bearing It carries.
3. a kind of experimental rig that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated according to claim 1, feature It is, it is micron order, therefore, the initial installation accuracy and numerically-controlled machine tool of sliding block and main shaft that this experimental rig, which requires the precision of detection, Table feed error and the initial turn error of main shaft cannot be ignored, and detect before doing linear guide load run-in test And it notes down and analyzes;This experimental rig increases the spring and disk spring of high rigidity between main shaft and sliding block, is on the one hand Sufficiently high rigidity connection is obtained, acceleration inertia force and impact force from main shaft on the other hand can be absorbed, additional cylinder Pressure value is no more than the lateral specified loading force of machine tool chief axis.
4. a kind of experimental rig that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated according to claim 1, feature It is, is not rigidly connected and is provided with the elastic element of spring (4) and butterfly spring (11) between knife handle (9) and sliding block (2), And the coefficient of elasticity of elastic element is determined according to loading force and loading velocity;Loading force can be by being mounted in this experimental rig Force snesor (13) detection;Force snesor (13) has the detection accuracy of 0.1 newton, is able to detect linear guide and operates in difference Frictional force under speed;This experimental rig can also detect vertical stiffness and lateral rigidity between sliding block and guide rail, try in abrasion The stiffness variation of different wearing-s in period is able to detect in testing.
5. the detection degenerated using a kind of detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance that experimental rig described in claim 1 carries out Method, specific detecting step and method are as follows:
The first step after installation and debugging, detects initial installation error using laser interferometer or other positions measuring instrument, including Two straightness errors and three deflection angle errors of the sliding block in the entire stroke of guide rail;
Second step, digital control system carry out position control to workbench and realize sliding block and guide rail straight reciprocating, attachment device and The position that the stress of main shaft is zero is initial position, is laterally loaded by external cylinder to sliding block, passes through angle using knife handle Contact bearing and thrust bearing load sliding block vertical direction, and three direction sensors in the experimental rig can be detected fortune Force signal during row is also able to detect vibration signal, and both can be used for measuring change in friction force can also carry out stiffness test Power measurement;
Third step, design cycle run program, carry out run-in test, and test is divided to two kinds of methods of operation, respectively different loading forces The mode that travels at the uniform speed under grade and identical loading force, different speed of service modes;Essence of the measurement sliding block under operation conditions respectively Degree loss and loss of rigidity and change in friction force situation;Distance travelled planned according to test requirements document, not to same model It carries out the test of two ways respectively with line slideway auxiliary, and data is compared;
4th step can also realize the stage Accelerating running of line slideway auxiliary using machine tool numerical control system;It is surveyed so as to pass through The percent of pass under ball different motion speed is measured, the relative motion analysis of rolling element is carried out, so that the size of differential sliding is obtained, And then it is able to carry out line slideway auxiliary abrasion analysis.
6. a kind of detection method that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated according to claim 5, feature It is, the attachment device of knife handle and sliding block can be used in detecting the accurate run-in test and line slideway auxiliary wear test of guide rail, Also can be used under the detection test and motor rotary motion of the reliable sexual involution of guide rail, the fretting wear examination of the sliding block of Vertical loading It tests.
7. a kind of detection method that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated according to claim 5, feature It is, main shaft knife handle makees straight reciprocating motion by attachment device band movable slider, three direction sensor energy in this experimental rig Enough real-time detections are to three direction active forces, and with the increasing sliding block pretightning force and Stiffness Deterioration of abrasion, this experimental rig can be examined Survey dynamic force and slider vibration signal.
8. a kind of detection method that detection linear rolling guide comprehensive performance is degenerated according to claim 5, feature It is, this experimental rig can be realized at the uniform velocity load test and accelerating and loading test, and then being capable of two kinds of load shapes of comparative analysis Under state, the degeneration of line slideway auxiliary pretightning force, Stiffness Deterioration and geometry frictional behaviour deterioration law.
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