CN105911555A - Marine diesel engine arm span difference detection method and device based on photoelectric encoder and laser distance-measuring sensor - Google Patents
Marine diesel engine arm span difference detection method and device based on photoelectric encoder and laser distance-measuring sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105911555A CN105911555A CN201610240843.8A CN201610240843A CN105911555A CN 105911555 A CN105911555 A CN 105911555A CN 201610240843 A CN201610240843 A CN 201610240843A CN 105911555 A CN105911555 A CN 105911555A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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Abstract
The invention discloses a marine diesel engine arm span difference detection method and device based on a photoelectric encoder and a laser distance-measuring sensor. The method comprises the steps: collecting a rotating speed synchronizing signal and a UDC (Upper Dead Center) signal of an engine in real time through the photoelectric encoder, and outputting the signals to a system control and data collection and processing unit; enabling a receiving unit to receive a reference signal of a transmitting unit and an echo signal, and converting the signals into electric signals; calculating the time intervals of the signals after the signals are processed by a peripheral data circuit, completing the conversion of the time interval and the arm span value through the system control and data collection and processing unit according to the algorithm, and achieving the corresponding relation between the arm span value and a crankshaft angle value. The transmitting unit and the receiving unit are arranged at the same side, and a to-be-detected cylinder and a crankshaft arm are in no-hardware connection. Moreover, a phenomenon that a connecting rod collides with a meter cannot happen. The method employs a nine-point method, takes a mean value as the arm span value of the point, can eliminate a measurement value, improves the detection precision of the arm span difference, and is especially suitable for the measurement of the arm span value of a large-cylinder-diameter marine diesel engine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internal combustion engine observation and control technology and fault diagnosis and maintenance field.
Background technology
Bent axle accounts for about the 40% of complete machine as the most important parts of boat diesel engine, cost.Crankshaft structure is complicated,
Stress is concentrated serious, and additional stress is big.Particularly when crankshaft structure intensity is low and main bearing wear is uneven,
Axis bending can be caused, accelerate flexural fatigue and damage, under extreme case, breaking axis occurs.Therefore, to song
Armshaft carries out periodic detection away from value, becomes the important parameter judging crankshaft center line state, is the most also prevention song
Axle bends the important means of fatigue rupture.
The marine diesel engine crankshaft arm measurement away from value at present still uses traditional mechanical type to turn a grade table manual measurement
Method.Need to be arranged on turning grade table on the fixed position between crank arm during measurement, and require to put down with crank journal
OK.For the diesel engine being in operation, it is arranged on bent axle due to piston connecting rod unit, when crank to be measured
Be in the arm of lower dead point position under value L time, connecting rod is exactly in the middle of the crank arm of both sides, and turning a grade table cannot
Installing, in practical operation, crank-pin will be positioned at BBC 15 ° by crank-pin at the arm of bottom dead centre under value L
After bottom dead center 15 ° (number of degrees do not have strict regulations, only require symmetry and do not touch connecting rod and be as the criterion) two positions arms are away from value
After first 15 ° of L, L, the meansigma methods of 15 ° replaces, i.e. under L=and (after the front 15 ° of+L of L 15 °)/2.Therefore pacify
In the case of load bar, survey 0 °, 90 °, 165 °, 195 °, the arm of five crank positions of 270 ° away from value,
Wherein 0 ° is top dead center position, by by positive hull car, once can complete the arm of 5 crank positions away from value by dress table
Measure.Due to the reading of crank angle and turn a grade reading for table numerical value and all there is measurement error, and there iing connecting rod
In the case of measure, connecting rod easily occurs and turns grade table bumping against, cause and turn grade table and come off the problem damaged.For
Overcoming this problem, Liu Baiyun, Zhu Baocheng of naval engineering university et al. uses laser and linear array displacement measurement
System is attempted the difference crank spread of diesel engine and is measured, and method is novel, but owing to crankshaft center line deformation has two kinds i.e. to encircle
Waist deformation and waist deformation of collapsing, above-mentioned measuring method can only be suitable for a kind of deformation, there is the limitation of measurement.
The woods golden watch of Collects The American University, Wang Yong devise a kind of sensor utilizing Hall effect to realize difference crank spread measurement,
Calculated the spatial distribution of cylinder permanent magnet surrounding magnetic field by finite element method, have studied two permanent magnets
The relative installation of position that homopolarity is arranged symmetrically with and Hall element and permanent magnet is to sensor microdisplacement measurement
The impact of precision, but the measurement scope of this method is restricted, only in the range of 0-2mm, measures system
Export linear with displacement, there will be relatively large deviation beyond this scope then certainty of measurement.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, present disclosure is to provide one based on crankshaft position sensor and laser ranging sensing
The boat diesel engine difference crank spread detection method of device and device.It not only can avoid using mechanical type instrument artificial
The connecting rod easily occurred during measurement hits table problem, and reliability improves；And certainty of measurement is high, can be with maximum limit
Degree reduces measurement error.The difference crank spread being particularly suitable for large-diameter boat diesel engine is measured, before having bigger application
Scape and the market space.
Boat diesel engine difference crank spread based on photoelectric encoder and the laser range sensor detection that the present invention provides
Method, comprises the following steps:
1) obtain rotation speed synchronizing signal and the step of top dead centre signal of electromotor, photoelectric encoder is arranged on
The crankshaft free-end of diesel engine, exports after the rotation speed synchronizing signal of Real-time Collection electromotor and top dead centre signal and gives
System Control & data acquisition processing unit；
2) obtain reference laser light signal and the step of echo-signal, the laser pulse of laser range sensor is sent out
Penetrate unit to be arranged on the crank arm of diesel engine cylinder to be measured, arrange with receiving unit homonymy, send out in real time
Go out laser pulse signal and reference signal；Receive unit to be used for receiving reference laser light signal and echo-signal and turning
It is changed to the signal of telecommunication；
3) reference laser light signal and the step of echo-signal time interval are calculated, by peripheral data circuit to ginseng
Examine signal and the echo-signal signal of telecommunication is amplified, filters and shaping, export moment discriminating and time interval
Measuring unit, the moment differentiates with time-interval-unit using reference signal as timing start time, to swash
Optical echo signal is as timing finish time, and calculates the time interval of two signals accordingly；
4) detecting step of difference crank spread, system Control & data acquisition processing unit exports with photoelectric encoder
The a-signal square wave number often transferred out, as counter trigger signal, is counted, converses by Z signal
The CAP that institute's test arm is corresponding away from value, tries to achieve difference crank spread according to gained arm away from value；
Under conditions of the non-installing connecting rods of diesel engine, the detection of diesel engine difference crank spread is taken the arm of four points away from value,
I.e. top dead center position, at 90 ° of crank angles, bottom dead center position, at 270 ° of crank angles；In the company of installation
Under conditions of bar, the detection position of diesel engine difference crank spread is taken five points, i.e. top dead center positions, 90 ° of bent axles
Corner, before bottom dead center 15 ° of positions, after bottom dead center 15 ° of positions, at 270 ° of crank angles；Corresponding each
The arm of point uses 9 methods to measure away from value, i.e. uses and is just reversing each circle and measure, takes corresponding each point meansigma methods,
Take again and respectively take the arm of 4 points about aforementioned four point away from value, 9 point altogether, the arm as this point of averaging
Away from value.
Boat diesel engine difference crank spread based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor provided by the present invention is examined
Survey device includes:
Laser range sensor, including laser pulse emission unit and reception unit, laser pulse signal is launched
Unit, is arranged on the normal place of crank to be measured, and its function is to launch the optical signal of specific wavelength, one
Divide through beam splitting chip, be converted to the signal of telecommunication as reference burst signal through PIN pipe, deliver to peripheral data electricity
Road is filtered, amplifies and after shaping, and as time zero, Startup time differentiates and time interval measurement list
The timer of unit starts timing；Another part is reflected by refracting prisms, homed on its target；Reception signal element is pacified
Be contained on crank, and with transmitter unit homonymy, its function is to receive the echo-signal that sends of laser pulse general
The optical signal received is converted into the DC signal being converted into certain voltage value, nurses one's health through peripheral data circuit
After, differentiate and end point during the timer of time-interval-unit as the moment；
Peripheral data circuit, is connected with echo-signal and reference burst signal, for carrying out input signal
Amplify in real time, filtering and shaping, export and differentiate and time-interval-unit to the moment, calculate with reference to arteries and veins
Punching and the time interval of echo impulse, send into system control and data acquisition process unit, time interval changed
Calculate as arm away from value.
Photoelectric encoder is arranged on the crankshaft free-end of electromotor, for the synchronization of Real-time Collection electromotor
Signal and top dead centre signal exporting controls and data acquisition process unit to system；
Wherein, described photoelectric encoder the most externally exports in rotation process tri-passages letters of A, B, C
Number, described C-channel signal is top dead centre signal, when installing photoelectric encoder, should make C-channel signal and treat
Survey the crankshaft top dead center position consistency of cylinder.Described A channel or channel B signal can be same as the rotating speed of diesel engine
Step signal.
System controls to form with single-chip microcomputer for core, with photoelectric encoder and moment with data acquisition process unit
Differentiating to be connected with time-interval-unit, described system controls and the counting in data acquisition process unit
Device, after collecting top dead centre signal, triggers using the top dead centre signal of photoelectric encoder as the counting of enumerator
Signal, counts rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave, by presetting the initial value of enumerator, can realize often adopting
Collecting a rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave, enumerator i.e. produces and once overflows interruption, and performs interrupt task: with
As the moment, reference pulse differentiates that the timing with time-interval-unit Timer starts to trigger signal, with
Laser echo signal, as end signal during timer, calculates the time interval of reference pulse and echo impulse,
And this numerical value is sent into system control and data acquisition process unit, according to formula algorithm, it is converted into arm away from value.
Meanwhile, after exporting C signal according to photoelectric encoder, the number to the A often transferred out or B signal counts, and changes
Calculate the CAP that institute's test arm is corresponding away from value, and with two-dimensional array form to crank angle and arm away from value
Preserve.
For 90 ° of top dead centre, bent axle, lower dead center and 270 ° of four position arms away from the acquisition being worth, just using
Each circle that reverses is measured, and takes corresponding each point meansigma methods, then take the arm respectively taking 4 points about aforementioned four point away from
Value, 9 point altogether, the arm as this point of averaging, away from value, i.e. uses 9 methods, can eliminate measurement error,
Improve difference crank spread accuracy of detection.
The measurement scheme provided from the above present invention, compared with existing measuring method, base of the present invention
In the marine diesel horn of laser range sensor and photoelectric encoder away from value measurement method, it not only can be kept away
Potential safety hazard when manpower-free measures, it is to avoid measure during occur connecting rod hit performance as；But also it is permissible
Improve certainty of measurement, reduce measurement error.It is particularly suitable for the measurement away from value of the large-diameter marine diesel horn, has
Bigger application prospect and the market space.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is to measure the boat diesel engine arm overall procedure away from value based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the principle assumption diagram of photoelectric encoder；
Fig. 3 is the passage A oscillogram with pass B signal of photoelectric encoder output；
Fig. 4 is laser pulse ranging schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that embodiment arm forms away from value measurement mechanism；
Fig. 6 is the position of laser pulse ranging sensor mounting location and sampled data points.
Fig. 7 is the side schematic view of Fig. 6.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make those skilled in the art be more fully understood that the present invention program, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment party
The present invention will be described for formula.
1, boat diesel engine model SMIT Bolnes SB-L300, for two-stroke uniflow scavenging supercharging bavin peculiar to vessel
Oil machine, crank arm is away from value theoretical value 167mm.
2, in the present invention, it should be noted that during jiggering, between engine crankshaft and top dead centre
Angle be referred to as crank angle.For electromotor, when piston does reciprocating linear motion in cylinder, work as piston
Move upward to extreme higher position, the extreme position that i.e. top land distance bent axle center of rotation is farthest, it is referred to as
Stop.
In the present invention, it should be noted that described photoelectric encoder, it is that a kind of opto-electronic conversion of passing through is by defeated
Geometry of machinery displacement on shaft is converted into the sensor of pulse or digital quantity, is to apply most biographies at present
Sensor.Described photoelectric encoder is mainly made up of grating disc and photoelectric detection system.In servosystem, by
Coaxial with electromotor in grating disc, during engine rotation, grating disc and the synchronized rotation of motor. through by sending out
The photoelectric detection system detection of the electronic component compositions such as optical diode exports some pulse signals, its theory structure
As in figure 2 it is shown, therefore, in the present invention it is possible to by calculating the individual of photoelectric encoder per second output pulse
Number judges the bent axle of cylinder to be measured and the angle of top dead centre.
Described photoelectric encoder includes tri-passages of A, B, C, the rotary shaft per revolution in Fig. 2,
It is the most reverse for seeing Fig. 3, passage A with pass B signal, and passage A and passage B will corresponding output
The pulse signal of fixed qty, if output 360, then it represents that the often degree corner of rotary shaft can export a side
Wave impulse.It addition, Fig. 3 is not drawn into channel C only can export a square wave arteries and veins when rotary shaft rotates a circle
Punching, and in view of one week only one of which top dead centre of engine rotation, both are corresponding, the most in the present invention,
Defining this C-channel signal is top dead centre signal, and A channel or channel B signal are referred to as the synchronization of electromotor
Signal.
It should be noted that photoelectric encoder is installed on engine crankshaft, engine crankshaft was once often rotating,
Corresponding photoelectric encoder also once rotates, and exports the pulse square wave signal of 2 0-5V, and this signal is rotating speed
Synchronizing signal.
Described photoelectric encoder can externally export tri-channel signals of A, B, C, often in rotation process simultaneously
Individual photoelectric encoder has the external output lead of above-mentioned 3 passages, can facilitate outside acquisition signal.?
In the present invention, it is the rotation speed synchronizing signal gathered by described photoelectric encoder and top dead centre signal receives single-chip microcomputer
On the interface of (i.e. system Control & data acquisition processing unit), be beneficial to single-chip microcomputer generate control signal and
Carry out signal acquisition process.
It should be noted that photoelectric encoder is in addition to for electromotor, it may also be used for other occasions, as electronic
Machine tachometric survey etc., it is possible to for electromotor just because of signal characteristic and the electromotor of its A and C-channel
There is fixing corresponding relation in work process, in a cycle of operation of electromotor, bent axle can rotate a circle,
Corresponding encoder also rotates a circle.One cycle of operation of electromotor only has 1 top dead centre, at engine crankshaft
On time photoelectric encoder is installed, can artificially the C-channel signal of photoelectric encoder be alignd with top dead centre,
So electromotor can realize Tong Bu and synchronous rotation with encoder, is equivalent to the rotation of engine crankshaft
Situation the most externally exports, it is simple to grasp the rotation phase of electromotor.
In the present invention, implementing, described system Control & data acquisition processing unit is single-chip microcomputer
AT89C52.After collecting top dead centre signal, (i.e. the counting of enumerator triggers enumerator in described single-chip microcomputer
Signal is the top dead centre signal of photoelectric encoder), start to count according to rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave, at meter
When number device overflows, according to the number of the rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave of photoelectric encoder output during counter overflow,
(i.e. crank is big with the angle of top dead centre from the cylinder crank angle size that top dead centre starts to calculate acquisition
Little).
Fig. 4 is the fundamental diagram of laser pulse ranging sensor.Understand with reference to Fig. 4, trigger laser instrument,
Being arranged on crank position to be measured, send laser pulse, part energy passes through beam splitting chip, as with reference to arteries and veins
Punching is directly sent to the pulse collection system of peripheral data circuit, as time zero, Startup time differentiate and time
Between timer in interval measurement unit start timing；Another part is reflected by refracting prisms, homed on its target.
Wave beam is reflected by target surface, produces echo-signal and returns to receive unit, receives unit and peripheral data electricity
Road is connected, and through amplifying, filtering, echo-signal is converted to the signal of telecommunication after shaping, send into the moment differentiate with
Time-interval-unit terminates timing, and gained time interval signal exports to system Control & data acquisition
Reason processing unit, time interval △ t and the arm relation formula away from value △ L is:
△ L=c* △ t/2, wherein c is the light velocity
System Control & data acquisition processes processing unit by arm away from being worth with corresponding crank angle with two-dimensional array
Mode preserves, in case follow-up difference crank spread computational analysis.
The one that Fig. 5 provides for the present invention measures dress based on crankshaft position sensor and distance measuring sensor arm away from value
Put assembly.
Laser range sensor selects CP35MHT80, and is allowed to be fixed on crank arm to be measured.
Moment differentiates to select integrated chip TDC-GP2 with time-interval-unit,
For meeting arm away from value certainty of measurement, 24 or above turning often are transferred out in the specification requirement of photoelectric encoder
Speed synchronizing signal.Example selects Omron photoelectric encoder model: E6C2-CWZ6C), it is installed to diesel engine
Crankshaft free-end, often transfers out 360 rotation speed synchronizing signal square waves.
Top dead centre signal and the rotating speed of the diesel engine according to the photoelectric encoder output being installed to crankshaft free-end are same
Step signal, uses laser range sensor to be installed on crank arm to be measured, and it is every that corresponding photoelectric encoder exports
One rotation speed synchronizing signal rising edge, transmitter unit sends the laser signal with specific wavelength, and a part is made
Be converted to the signal of telecommunication for reference signal through PIN pipe, deliver to peripheral data circuit and carry out signal amplification, filter,
Shaping, sends into moment discriminating and time-interval-unit, starts the triggering of timing as its internal timer
Signal, another part laser beam of transmitter unit is through prism directive offside crank arm and produces echo-signal, connects
Receive unit and receive echo-signal, after APD pipe is converted to the signal of telecommunication, send into peripheral data processing of circuit, make
Differentiate the timing end signal with time-interval-unit internal timer for the moment, calculate time interval,
System of sending into after analog digital conversion controls and data acquisition process unit, is converted into arm away from value, simultaneously according to rotating speed
The square wave number of synchronizing signal is scaled CAP, and arm forms two-dimemsional number away from value and angle position the most at last
Group preserves.
System Control & data acquisition processing unit, sees Fig. 5, and core is AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer, passes through
The P2.3 mouth of AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer gathers the top dead centre signal (Z signal) of photoelectric encoder, utilizes this signal
Rising edge produce overflow interrupt, enter interrupt routine；The rotating speed utilizing P2.4 mouth collection photoelectric encoder is same
Step signal (a-signal), often collects a rotation speed synchronizing signal, then the intervalometer 1 that single-chip microcomputer is built-in produces
Once counting overflows and interrupts, and triggers laser pulse emission unit and sends an optical signal.Single-chip microcomputer collection simultaneously
Time interval numerical value.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show laser pulse trigger installation site and the position of sampled data points.General feelings
Under condition, sensor is arranged on crank, and at crank-pin centrage (S+D)/2, wherein S is diesel engine
Stroke, D is cylinder diameter.
Implementation process: see accompanying drawing 1, is fixed to crank to be measured by laser pulse emission unit and reception unit same
Rear flank, connects barring gear, and diesel engine slowly rotates with the relatively slow-speed of revolution, when top dead center position arrives, and light
Photoelectric coder sends C signal i.e. top dead centre signal, triggers the system i.e. 89C52 of Control & data acquisition processing unit
Enumerator in single-chip microcomputer, enumerator starts the a-signal to photoelectric encoder i.e. rotation speed synchronizing signal to be counted
Number, often there is a square wave in a-signal, and enumerator i.e. produces interruption, starts output drive signal and makes laser
Pulse emitting units produces an optical signal, and this optical signal one tunnel is converted to electricity as reference signal through PIN pipe
It is directly entered peripheral data circuit after signal, is filtered, amplifies, shaping, drive the moment to differentiate and the time
Timer in interval measurement unit starts timing, and another road of the optical signal of transmitter unit produces after arriving target
Echo-signal, this signal is after APD pipe is converted to the signal of telecommunication, then be filtered through peripheral data circuit,
Amplify, shaping, drive the moment to differentiate with the timer in time-interval-unit and terminate timing, and calculate
Go out time interval, send into system Control & data acquisition processing unit, according to △ L=c* △ t/2, wherein c
For the light velocity, obtain arm away from value, in combination with the square wave technology to rotation speed synchronizing signal, available each arm away from
The crank angle that value is corresponding, system Control & data acquisition processing unit will preserve with two-dimensional array form,
The most also may be output to upper computer preserve.
By measuring each circle of diesel engine rotating, obtain 720 data, then corresponding point carried out average,
Obtain the arm of 360 some positions away from value.
Under conditions of the non-installing connecting rods of diesel engine, the detection of diesel engine difference crank spread is generally taken the arm of four points
Away from value, i.e. top dead center position, at 90 ° of crank angles, bottom dead center position, at 270 ° of crank angles.
To this end, at 360 the some position arms obtained in value, choose before upper dead canter 5 °, 4 °, 3 °, 2 °,
Top dead centre, after top dead center 2 °, 3 °, 4 °, 5 °, 9 point altogether, the arm of its correspondence is respectively as follows: away from value
167.313mm, 167.734mm, 167.572mm, 167.503mm, 167.515mm,
167.527mm,167.312mm,167.210mm,167.321mm.9 average after obtain the arm of top dead centre away from
Value is 167.445mm
In like manner can obtain at 90 ° of crank angles and adjacent 4 arms amounting at 9 front and back are respectively as follows: away from value
166.308mm, 166.734mm, 166.432mm, 166.402mm, 166.325mm,
166.327mm,166.207mm,166.112mm,166.101mm.9 average after obtain the arm of top dead centre away from
Value is 166.327mm
9 arms at lower dead center are respectively as follows: 166.313mm, 166.105mm, 166.112mm away from value,
167.203mm, 166.177mm, 166.225mm, 166.314mm, 166.410mm, 166.428mm.Put down for 9
The arm obtaining top dead centre the most afterwards is 166.365mm away from value
9 arms at 270 ° of crank angles are respectively as follows: 167.421mm, 167.773mm, 167.662mm away from value,
167.511mm, 167.431mm, 167.517mm, 167.321mm, 167.116mm, 167.335mm.Put down for 9
The arm obtaining top dead centre the most afterwards is 167.454mm away from value
Thus can obtain the difference crank spread value at upper and lower stop is 167.445-166.365=1.080mm, illustrates that axis goes out
The waist that now collapses deforms but in prescribed limit, belongs to normal.
Under conditions of installing connecting rods, the diesel oil horn measurement position away from value is generally taken five points, i.e. above only
Point position, at 90 ° of crank angles, 15 ° of positions before bottom dead center, after bottom dead center 15 ° of positions, 270 ° of songs
At Shaft angle, the arm of corresponding each point still uses 9 methods to measure, then away from value
Arm at top dead centre is respectively as follows: 167.546mm, 167.981mm, 168.032mm, 168.746mm away from value,
168.125mm, 168.213mm, 168.014mm, 167.996mm, 167.745mm, 9 average after obtain on
Arm at stop is 168.044mm away from value.
At 90 ° of crank angles and adjacent before and after 4 amount to the arms of 9 and be respectively as follows: 166.128mm away from value,
166.726mm, 166.532mm, 166.404mm, 166.452mm,
166.417mm,166.227mm,166.114mm,166.123mm.9 average after obtain the arm of top dead centre away from
Value is 166.347mm
Blocking due to connecting rod at lower dead center, after needing Before Bottom Dead Center, the position of each 15 ° measures respectively,
March on towards invention to use and the point at after before bottom dead center each 15 ° is respectively added 4 measure, i.e. measure before bottom dead center
19 °, 18 °, 17 °, 16 ° and 15 °, and 15 ° after bottom dead center, 16 °, 17 °, 18 ° and 19 °
The arm amounting at 10 is carrying out arithmetic average away from value, and the arm of above-mentioned 10 is respectively as follows: 166.203mm away from value,
166.102mm, 165.712mm, 165.203mm, 166.124mm,
165.452mm,165.323mm,166.010mm,166.128mm,165.543mm.10 average after obtain on
The arm of stop is 165.780mm away from value
9 arms at 270 ° of crank angles are respectively as follows: 167.121mm, 167.347mm, 167.582mm away from value,
167.231mm, 166.937mm, 166.877mm, 167.241mm, 166.816mm, 167.455mm.Put down for 9
The arm obtaining top dead centre the most afterwards is 167.179mm away from value
Thus can obtain the difference crank spread value at upper and lower stop is 168.347-165.780=3.567mm, illustrates that axis goes out
The waist that now collapses deforms, and owing to the waist deformation that causes collapsing of the weight of connection rod set becomes big, is in the allowed band upper limit, should
Strengthen management and safeguard.
The difference crank spread detection method developed can carry out multi-turn jiggering by detection device, carries out organizing arm away from value more
Measuring and gather and average, compare mechanical type instrument measurement and can only measure by jiggering one circle, adopted data exist random
Error is little, uses way that is 9 method or 10 methods of adding some points around point used, can effectively eliminate measurement error,
Improve the test quality of data and difference crank spread accuracy of detection.
Claims (10)
1. a boat diesel engine difference crank spread detection method based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor,
It is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) obtain rotation speed synchronizing signal and the step of top dead centre signal of electromotor, photoelectric encoder is arranged on
The crankshaft free-end of diesel engine, exports after the rotation speed synchronizing signal of Real-time Collection electromotor and top dead centre signal and gives
System Control & data acquisition processing unit；
2) obtain reference laser light signal and the step of echo-signal, the laser pulse of laser range sensor is sent out
Penetrate unit to be arranged on the crank arm of diesel engine cylinder to be measured, arrange with receiving unit homonymy, send out in real time
Go out laser pulse signal and reference signal；Receive unit to be used for receiving reference laser light signal and echo-signal and turning
It is changed to the signal of telecommunication；
3) reference laser light signal and the step of echo-signal time interval are calculated, by peripheral data circuit to ginseng
Examine signal and the echo-signal signal of telecommunication is amplified, filters and shaping, export moment discriminating and time interval
Measuring unit, the moment differentiates with time-interval-unit using reference signal as timing start time, to swash
Optical echo signal is as timing finish time, and calculates the time interval of two signals accordingly；
4) detecting step of difference crank spread, system Control & data acquisition processing unit exports with photoelectric encoder
The a-signal square wave number often transferred out, as counter trigger signal, is counted, converses by Z signal
The CAP that institute's test arm is corresponding away from value, tries to achieve difference crank spread according to gained arm away from value；
Under conditions of the non-installing connecting rods of diesel engine, the detection of diesel engine difference crank spread is taken the arm of four points away from value,
I.e. top dead center position, at 90 ° of crank angles, bottom dead center position, at 270 ° of crank angles；In the company of installation
Under conditions of bar, the detection position of diesel engine difference crank spread is taken five points, i.e. top dead center positions, 90 ° of bent axles
Corner, before bottom dead center 15 ° of positions, after bottom dead center 15 ° of positions, at 270 ° of crank angles；Corresponding each
The arm of point uses 9 methods to measure away from value, i.e. uses and is just reversing each circle and measure, takes corresponding each point meansigma methods,
Take again and respectively take the arm of 4 points about aforementioned four point away from value, 9 point altogether, the arm as this point of averaging
Away from value.
2. difference crank spread detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 4) described in be
System Control & data acquisition processing unit in enumerator collecting step 1) in photoelectric encoder gather upper
After endstop signal, using this top dead centre signal as the counting of system Control & data acquisition processing unit enumerator
Trigger signal, rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave is counted, often gather a rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave, meter
Number devices i.e. produce spilling interrupt, start to perform interrupt task, using reference burst signal as the moment differentiate and time
Between the timing commencing signal of interval measurement unit Timer, terminate letter during using echo-signal as timer
Number, calculate the time interval of reference pulse and echo impulse, and this numerical value is sent into system control and data acquisition
Collection processing unit, according to time interval with arm away from the relation formula being worth, is converted into arm away from value.
3. difference crank spread detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 4) according to peace
Install to top dead centre signal and the rotation speed synchronizing signal of the diesel engine of the photoelectric encoder output of crankshaft free-end, adopt
Being installed on crank arm to be measured with laser range sensor, each rotating speed of corresponding photoelectric encoder output is same
Step signal rising edge, transmitter unit sends the laser signal with specific wavelength, and a part is as reference signal
Be converted to the signal of telecommunication through PIN pipe, deliver to peripheral data circuit and carry out signal amplification, filtering, shaping, send into
Moment differentiates and time-interval-unit, starts the triggering signal of timing as its internal timer, launches
Another part laser beam of unit is through prism directive offside crank arm and produces echo-signal, receives unit and receives
Echo-signal, after APD pipe is converted to the signal of telecommunication, sends into peripheral data processing of circuit, differentiates as the moment
With the timing end signal of time-interval-unit internal timer, calculate time interval, analog digital conversion
Rear feeding system Control & data acquisition processing unit, according to time interval with arm away from the relation formula being worth, changes
It is counted as arm away from value.
4. difference crank spread detection method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: time interval △ t
With the arm relation formula away from value △ L it is:
△ L=c* △ t/2, wherein c is the light velocity.
5. difference crank spread detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described photoelectric encoder exists
In rotation process, the most externally output has tri-channel signals of A, B, C, and described C-channel signal is top dead centre
The moment that signal, i.e. C signal occur should be the moment that tested cylinder crank is in top dead center position, described A
Passage or channel B signal are the rotation speed synchronizing signal of electromotor.
6. difference crank spread detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: system controls and data acquisition
Integrate processing unit to form as core with single-chip microcomputer, utilize the output to photoelectric encoder of the single-chip microcomputer internal counter
Signal counts, and the internal enumerator of single-chip microcomputer gathers C signal, produces and interrupts, open when counting overflows
A-signal square wave is counted by another enumerator dynamic, and each square wave of a-signal can produce and once count
Overflowing and interrupt, effect is to make system control with data acquisition process unit to export a square-wave signal, this signal
As the control signal of laser pulse emission unit, also serve as system Control & data acquisition processing unit simultaneously
Moment is differentiated the sampling control signal with time-interval-unit output signal.
7. difference crank spread detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: laser pulse emission unit
It is crank arm homonymy with the normal mounting position of reception unit, at crank-pin centrage (S+D)/2, wherein
S is the stroke of diesel engine, and D is cylinder diameter.
8. difference crank spread detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: by just measuring diesel engine
Invert each circle, obtain 720 data, then corresponding point are carried out average, obtain the arm of 360 some positions away from
Value, at 360 the some position arms obtained in value, step 4) described in 9 methods in 9 for select respectively
Take at top dead center position, 90 ° of crank angles, at bottom dead center position, 270 ° of crank angles before each test point
5 °, 4 °, 3 °, 2 °, 2 °, 3 °, 4 °, 5 ° of positions after test point, and this test point, altogether
Count 9 points.
9. boat diesel engine difference crank spread based on a photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor detection device,
It is characterized in that, including:
Photoelectric encoder, is arranged on the crankshaft free-end of diesel engine, same for the rotating speed of Real-time Collection electromotor
Walk signal and top dead centre signal and export to system Control & data acquisition unit；
Laser range sensor, including laser pulse emission unit and reception unit, laser pulse emission unit
Be arranged on the normal place of crank to be measured, receive unit and be arranged on crank, and with transmitter unit homonymy,
Laser pulse emission unit sends laser pulse signal and reference signal in real time；Receive unit to be used for receiving
Reference laser light signal and echo-signal are also converted to the signal of telecommunication；
Peripheral data circuit, is connected with echo-signal and reference burst signal, is used for reference signal and returns
The ripple signal signal of telecommunication is amplified, filters and shaping, exports moment discriminating and time-interval-unit；
System Control & data acquisition processing unit, differentiates and time interval measurement with photoelectric encoder and moment
Unit is connected, for receiving top dead centre signal, rotation speed synchronizing signal and the time of photoelectric encoder output
Time interval signal.
10. difference crank spread detection device as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that: described system controls sum
It is AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer according to acquisition process unit core, is gathered by the P2.3 mouth of AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer
The top dead centre signal of photoelectric encoder；P2.4 mouth is utilized to gather the rotation speed synchronizing signal of photoelectric encoder.
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| CN201610240843.8A CN105911555B (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2016-04-18 | A kind of boat diesel engine difference crank spread detection method and device based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor |
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