CN105911499B - Ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering system and method under site environment - Google Patents
Ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering system and method under site environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering systems under a kind of site environment, including Background control platform and far-end measuring device；Background control platform includes host computer and the first light emitting receiving module；Host computer is connect with the first smooth reflection receivable module；The far-end measuring device includes the second light emitting receiving module, standard signal generation module, standard signal conditioning module, Wide Band Power amplification module, impedance matching box, ultrasonic transducer, standard microphone, wideband sound emission acquisition module, digital encoder and distal end battery power supply module；Ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering system under site environment provided by the invention, it strengthens to ultrasonic partial discharge maintenance measurement data accuracy, the technology of reliability control ability, the reliability of running live detection instrument and on-Line Monitor Device measurement data can be effectively supervised, the supervision to the accuracy and reliability of ultrasonic partial discharge on-Line Monitor Device measurement data is reinforced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metering field, ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation measures system under especially a kind of site environment.
Background technique
Site environment is differed greatly from laboratory environment, such as temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference and radiation interference are held
Easily cause the variation of measurement error, influence of the site environment to electric device such as Fig. 1 .1.China is locally put in power equipment at present
Electro-detection field, ultrasound examination partial discharge quantity method have obtained universal on a large scale and application, however as shelf depreciation
The ultrasonic partial discharge detector of working foundation is detected in terms of the accuracy and reliability of " under live use environment " measurement data,
The problems such as performance parameter is irregular, standardization level is low are remained, ultrasonic wave office is largely affected
Put the standardization, standardization, practical development of detection technique.
Influence source schematic diagram as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is site environment to tested device, ultrasonic partial discharge measurement data
In terms of there are the problem of be mainly manifested in:
(1) accuracy of measurement data is poor, and historical data and adjacent data can not compare；
(2) poor reliability of measurement data leads to the reliable of measurement result since the stabilization difference of on-line monitoring equipment is poor
Property is poor；
(3) electromagnetic compatibility poor reliability, measurement result even basic function go out after applying electromagnetic compatibility test link
Existing relatively large deviation, part test product cisco unity malfunction；
(4) field condition and laboratory condition difference are very big, and many live detection instruments and on-Line Monitor Device are putting into operation
Preceding no making strict assessment by " under live use environment ", availability is low after putting equipment in service, and some has even seriously affected one
The safe operation of secondary device.
Ultrasonic wave Partial discharge detector is by detecting ultrasonic signal, and extracting includes the features such as amplitude, frequency, waveform
The method of amount includes that electric discharge type and discharge position exist to judge whether power equipment has occurred partial discharge phenomenon and determine
The novel measurement means of interior range of information, as maturation of the ultrasonic wave in fields such as metal defect detection is applied in recent years, ultrasound
Wave Partial Discharge Detecting Technology is also gradually promoted in power equipment state monitoring and maintenance field and is come.Current ultrasonic wave part
Discharge detector is divided into the sensing head and subsequent signal amplification collecting part of front end from structure；Functionally,
It is main include whether judging the generation of shelf depreciation, discharge capacity size, discharge position and electric discharge type；From the point of view of input signal,
With within the scope of 20kHz~200kHz small magnitude, based on short pulse signal；From the point of view of output angle, what is mainly exported is that will wrap
It includes the digital quantity including sensitivity, frequency, discharge position and shows that wherein the Partial discharge detector of fraction can will examine
The ultrasonic signal measured stores after being converted into digital quantity, and can also export.However, due to ultrasonic wave Partial Discharge Detection
Technology is started late, and the relevant technologies are not mature enough, and causes ultrasonic wave Partial discharge detector quality very different, also, needle
The relevant test method of ultrasonic wave Partial discharge detector is also not yet established with calibrating standard, this just makes us having to query
The accuracy and reliability of ultrasonic wave Partial discharge detector measurement data limits ultrasonic wave Partial Discharge Detecting Technology in electricity
Continue to promote in power equipment state overhauling；The domestic research achievement in ultrasonic research field is only limitted to continuous wave at present
Metering, and the quantitative study for discrete ultrasonic signal that ultrasonic partial discharge when generates is less, a large amount of in the market to use
The metering performance of ultrasonic partial discharge tester be unable to get effective assessment and judgement.
Since substation low-voltage side bus and its probability of branch failure (three-phase shortcircuit, phase fault etc.) increase,
Weak depression side does not install bus differential protection, and switching action delay may cause main transformer low-pressure side winding deformation and burn, makes main transformer
Depressor insulation is destroyed, and is influenced the main transformer service life, is brought larger security risk to power network safety operation.Therefore in advance
Judge the insulation status of each branch of low-pressure side bus, carry out partial discharge of switchgear and monitor work on-line, to judging in switchgear
The insulation status in portion plays good booster action.As the hinge of grid equipment, the direct shadow of the operation conditions of power transformer
Ring the reliability of power grid.According to operating experience, most of transformer fault is all since insulation harm causes.The structure of transformer
There are many opposite other power equipments complexity, due to can more or less exist some exhausted in manufacturing and designing upper, transport installation process
Edge defect, these defects can generate shelf depreciation in long-term operation and will cause serious transformer fault by accumulation.
Partial discharge test has become the important means that insulation status is measured in power equipment appearance test and routine test.However, from
Thread test typically carries out after failure appearance or periodically, lacks permanently effective tracking and supervising；In addition, the item of off-line testing
Situation when part is also run with equipment has biggish difference, not can accurately reflect operating status.The on-line monitoring of shelf depreciation is
A kind of means being monitored in the process of running to local discharge parameter, it can be realized long-term follow supervision, more can be accurate
It is reflected in the actual state of power equipment in the process of running.On-line monitoring greatly reduces the loss of power failure bring simultaneously.Cause
This, on-line monitoring has important practical significance and economic value.
So needing a kind of ultrasonic partial discharge live detection instrument metering system.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ultrasonic partial discharge live detection instrument metering system, which can effectively be supervised
The reliability of running live detection instrument and on-Line Monitor Device measurement data.
It is realized the purpose of the present invention is technical solution in this way:
Ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering system under a kind of site environment provided by the invention, including Background control platform and remote
Hold measuring device；The Background control platform includes host computer and the first light emitting receiving module；The host computer and the first light
The connection of reflection receivable module；The far-end measuring device includes the second light emitting receiving module, standard signal generation module, standard
Signal conditioning module, Wide Band Power amplification module, impedance matching box, ultrasonic transducer, standard microphone, wideband sound emission acquisition
Module, digital encoder and distal end battery power supply module；
The second light emitting receiving module is connect by optical fiber with the first light emitting receiving module, for receiving host computer
Instruction and the measurement data for issuing far-end measuring device；
The second light emitting receiving module is connect with standard signal generation module；The standard signal generation module is successively
It is connect with standard signal conditioning module, Wide Band Power amplification module, impedance matching box and ultrasonic transducer；
The ultrasonic transducer is connect with standard microphone and on-Line Monitor Device respectively；
And small-signal is input to small-signal conditioning circuit, and output signal to encoder；
The wideband sound emission acquisition module is used to acquire the difference of on-Line Monitor Device and standard microphone output signal
Sampled signal；The difference sampled signal is connect by digital encoder with the second smooth reflection receivable module；
The distal end battery power supply module is connect with each module in far-end measuring device respectively；
The standard microphone is connect with the piezo-electric crystal being set on GIS pipeline；
The on-Line Monitor Device is connect with the tested sensor being set on GIS pipeline；
The reference instrument is connect with the standard transducer being set on GIS pipeline；
The Wide Band Power amplification module output frequency is the signal of 20kHz-200kHz；Output power is 20W-40W.
Further, the first light emitting receiving module includes the first optical transmitting set and the first optical receiver；Described second
Light emitting receiving module includes the second optical transmitting set and the second optical receiver；
First optical transmitting set is connect with host computer and the second optical receiver respectively；
First optical receiver is connect with host computer and the second optical transmitting set respectively；
Second optical receiver is connect with standard signal generation module；
Second optical transmitting set is connect with digital encoder.
Further, the wideband sound emission acquisition module uses difference sound emission capture card.
Further, the ultrasonic wave standard signal source includes FPGA controller, D/A converter, low-pass filter and voltage
Amplifier；
Described FPGA controller one end is connect with the second optical receiver；The FPGA controller other end and D/A converter
Input terminal connection；The output end of the D/A converter is successively connect with low-pass filter and voltage amplifier.
The present invention also provides ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering methods under a kind of site environment, comprising the following steps:
Sound-source signal is exported using standard signal generation module；
Calculate tested the ratio between on-Line Monitor Device output signal amplitude and standard microphone output signal amplitude；
Using the maximum value of the ratio between amplitude as the main resonatnt frequency of signal frequency；
Ultrasonic signal frequency is adjusted to main resonatnt frequency；
Obtain the position for the survey sensor being set on GIS pipeline；
Measure upper and lower limit cutoff frequency；
Measure the sensitivity of on-Line Monitor Device；
Calculate the lag time of partial discharge tester response；
The metering of measurement criteria is traced to the source.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the present invention has the advantage that:
Ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering method under site environment provided by the invention is strengthened to overhaul ultrasonic partial discharge and be surveyed
The technology control ability for measuring data accuracy, reliability, can effectively supervise running live detection instrument and on-line monitoring dress
The reliability of measurement data is set, and helps to carry out technology g uarantee to networking work, effectively pushes ultrasonic partial discharge detecting instrument
It equipped with the gauge check technology of on-Line Monitor Device, gauge check, manufacture standard, purchase and order standard, commissioning test
The progress of standard and all seizure test standards helps the technology weak spot for promoting production industry discovery product, definitely product
Standardization manufacture direction, key technical development direction, more to adapt to the repair based on condition of component work requirements of power generation department.Reinforce
Supervision to the accuracy and reliability of ultrasonic partial discharge on-Line Monitor Device measurement data effectively improves accident anticipation and investigation
Ability further increases safety in production level and service work efficiency.
Other advantages, target and feature of the invention will be illustrated in the following description to a certain extent, and
And to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter, Huo Zheke
To be instructed from the practice of the present invention.Target of the invention and other advantages can be realized by following specification and
It obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention of the invention is as follows.
Fig. 1 is influence source schematic diagram of the site environment to tested device.
Fig. 2 is to add low-pass filter circuit analogous diagram.
Fig. 3 a is R=4.99k, C=68nF, upper limiting frequency 469Hz schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 b is R=4.99k, C=4.7nF, upper limiting frequency 6.78kHz schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is to add TVS pipe circuit simulation figure.
Fig. 5 is the situ metrology standard principle figure of ultrasonic partial discharge on-Line Monitor Device.
Fig. 6 is ultrasonic wave standard signal source hardware structure diagram.
Fig. 7 is power amplifier module circuit diagram.
Fig. 8 is electrooptic conversion module schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is photoelectric conversion module schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is contact type measurement structure chart.
Figure 11 is transmission of quantity value schematic diagram.
Figure 12 is the comparison method calibration device block diagram of sensitivity.
Figure 13 is that electrical signal collection system amplitude is traced to the source figure.
Figure 14 is that electrical signal collection system frequency is traced to the source figure.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
As shown, ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering system under a kind of site environment provided in this embodiment, including backstage
Control platform and far-end measuring device；The Background control platform includes host computer and the first light emitting receiving module；On described
Position machine is connect with the first smooth reflection receivable module；The far-end measuring device includes the second light emitting receiving module, standard signal
Generation module, standard signal conditioning module, Wide Band Power amplification module, impedance matching box, ultrasonic transducer, standard microphone,
Wideband sound emission acquisition module, digital encoder and distal end battery power supply module；
The second light emitting receiving module is connect by optical fiber with the first light emitting receiving module, for receiving host computer
Instruction and the measurement data for issuing far-end measuring device；
The second light emitting receiving module is connect with standard signal generation module；The standard signal generation module is successively
It is connect with standard signal conditioning module, Wide Band Power amplification module, impedance matching box and ultrasonic transducer；
The ultrasonic transducer is connect with standard microphone and on-Line Monitor Device respectively；
And small-signal is input to small-signal conditioning circuit, and output signal to encoder；
The wideband sound emission acquisition module is used to acquire the difference of on-Line Monitor Device and standard microphone output signal
Sampled signal；The difference sampled signal is connect by digital encoder with the second smooth reflection receivable module；
The distal end battery power supply module is connect with each module in far-end measuring device respectively.
The Wide Band Power amplification module output frequency is the signal of 20kHz-200kHz；Output power is 20W-40W.
The first light emitting receiving module includes the first optical transmitting set and the first optical receiver；Second light emitting connects
Receiving module includes the second optical transmitting set and the second optical receiver；
First optical transmitting set is connect with host computer and the second optical receiver respectively；
First optical receiver is connect with host computer and the second optical transmitting set respectively；
Second optical receiver is connect with standard signal generation module；
Second optical transmitting set is connect with digital encoder.
The standard microphone is connect with the piezo-electric crystal being set on GIS pipeline；
The on-Line Monitor Device is connect with the tested sensor being set on GIS pipeline；
The reference instrument is connect with the standard transducer being set on GIS pipeline.
The wideband sound emission acquisition module uses difference sound emission capture card.
The ultrasonic wave standard signal source includes FPGA controller, D/A converter, low-pass filter and voltage amplifier；
Described FPGA controller one end is connect with the second optical receiver；The FPGA controller other end and D/A converter
Input terminal connection；The output end of the D/A converter is successively connect with low-pass filter and voltage amplifier.
The present embodiment additionally provides ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering method under a kind of site environment, comprising the following steps:
Sound-source signal is exported using standard signal generation module；
Calculate tested the ratio between on-Line Monitor Device output signal amplitude and standard microphone output signal amplitude；
Using the maximum value of the ratio between amplitude as the main resonatnt frequency of signal frequency；
Ultrasonic signal frequency is adjusted to main resonatnt frequency；
Obtain the position for the survey sensor being set on GIS pipeline；
Measure upper and lower limit cutoff frequency；
Measure the sensitivity of on-Line Monitor Device；
Calculate the lag time of partial discharge tester response；
The metering of measurement criteria is traced to the source.
Embodiment 2
Ultrasonic partial discharge live detection instrument metering system provided in this embodiment, ultrasonic wave on-line monitoring equipment is mainly by sound
Electricity conversion, preposition amplification, analog-to-digital conversion and signal processing such as shows at four essential parts compositions, the electrical equipment generation shelf depreciation
During, when a partial discharge occurs, violent collision will be generated by putting the intermolecular of a region, generate a series of pulse.
It is detected using the ultrasonic sensor being mounted on power equipment when shelf depreciation occurs by sharp impacts generation between electronics
Ultrasonic signal, by that can realize the detection to shelf depreciation to ultrasonic amplitude size, phase distribution and spectrum analysis.Together
When on power equipment tank wall different location multiple ultrasonic sensors are installed, and the time delay of each signal of comparative analysis can realize office
The positioning of portion's discharge source.
Under actual condition, the core magnitude of ultrasonic wave local discharge on-line monitoring device detection is the width of ultrasonic signal
Value and frequency, according to the two characteristic quantities, series of algorithms in conjunction with built in it whether capable of judging that shelf depreciation occurs, is put
Electric type etc. information, therefore, for ultrasonic wave local discharge on-line monitoring device situ metrology standard should also be as by this two
A magnitude carries out magnitude tracing as core magnitude, this traceability system is exactly using the amplitude of pulsed sine wave and frequency as tracing back
The core magnitude in source is established.
Acoustic emission sensor and signal amplification collecting part are separately traced to the source.
Acoustic emission sensor mostly uses " GB/T 19801-2005 non-destructive testing acoustic emission detection voice sending sensor at present
The secondary calibration method of device " in comparison method, with China metering institute standard acoustic emission sensor trace to the source；
And signal acquisition part then can be using in JJG (space flight) 34-1999 " AC digital voltmeter vertification regulation "
Calibration method is traced to the source using standard source method.
Ultrasonic wave partial discharge monitoring measurement criteria is directed to the ultrasonic wave office in the case of charging operation at the scene
Portion's On-line Discharge monitoring device, it is therefore an objective to quasi- to the measurement data of the ultrasonic wave local discharge on-line monitoring device under electriferous state
True property is calibrated with reliability.
The method used is the method for standard table using standard microphone as core, is supervised online for current ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation
It surveys the two core amounts of ultrasonic frequency and amplitude measured by device to be calibrated, establishes ultrasonic wave partial discharge monitoring dress
The traceability system set improves the metering reliability of ultrasonic wave Partial discharge detector.
Analyze the otherness under site environment with laboratory environment:
Compared to use for laboratory ultrasonic wave Partial discharge detector, showing where ultrasonic wave local discharge on-line monitoring device
Field environment is more complicated, has a large amount of live noise jamming and electromagnetic interference, this requires calibrating installations itself to need very
Strong anti-interference ability；Simultaneously as in-site installation requires, the far-end measuring device where sensor needs to be mounted on high-pressure side
Near, and the analysis platform of host computer then needs near operating console, and there are physical distances between this, and this requires distal ends
Measuring device needs are independently energized；Ultrasonic wave decays to 26dB/m in SF6, higher than the decay intensity in air, together
When GIS pipeline diametric requirements source and the distance between sensor be higher than the detection instrument meter of the ultrasonic partial discharge under laboratory environment
Distance in amount standard, decaying and the propagation distance of sound wave have exponent relation, and it requires that standard source output power compares laboratory
Want much higher under environment；Finally, under site environment, ultrasonic signal may with the noise aliasing in environment, and before being based on
The attenuation problem stated, ultrasonic signal is very weak through that may decay after GIS pipeline, for the faint letter of such wideband
Number, it is also necessary to increase preamplifier, noise reduction process is amplified to signal, improves signal-to-noise ratio.
The purpose of the present apparatus is to establish corresponding metering mark to existing ultrasonic wave local discharge on-line monitoring device
Standard, the main monitoring physical quantity of current ultrasonic wave local discharge on-line monitoring device is frequency, amplitude, waveform of ultrasonic wave etc.
Information, these characteristic quantities are also to reflect that the key of the information such as partial discharge quantity, discharge position, electric discharge type inside power equipment is special
Sign amount is as follows to the parameter index design of the present apparatus in combination with the monitoring information of ultrasonic wave local discharge on-line monitoring device:
Accuracy: being that error is no more than 10% in passband to the requirement of accuracy in standard, according to class of accuracy
It is required that being then that error is no more than 3% in passband to the accuracy requirement of metrological standard unit；
Sensitivity: being that peak sensitivity is not less than 60dB (V/ (m/s)) to the requirement of sensitivity in standard, average sensitivity
Not less than 40dB (V/ (m/s)), however, having the peak of the ultrasonic wave partial discharge monitoring device of some producers according to finding
Value sensitivity has reached 80dB (V/ (m/s)), and just to the sensitivity of measurement criteria, more stringent requirements are proposed for this, present apparatus design
Target is that peak sensitivity can reach 120dB (V/ (m/s)), and mean value sensitivity reaches 60dB (V/ (m/s)).For working in
For the ultrasonic wave local discharge on-line monitoring device measurement criteria at scene, high sensitivity means that the increase of noise reduction difficulty,
Therefore, the present apparatus also needs to consider noise reduction process link.
Detect frequency band: standard is as follows to the band requirement of ultrasonic wave local discharge on-line monitoring device: exhausted for SF6 gas
The ultrasonic detector of edge power equipment, generally within the scope of 20kHz~80kHz；Ultrasonic wave inspection for oil-filled power equipment
Instrument is surveyed, generally within the scope of 80kHz~200kHz；For the ultrasonic detector of cordless, generally 20kHz~
Within the scope of 60kHz.In view of the present apparatus should have a preferable versatility, the design frequency band of device itself be 20kHz~
200kHz, the frequency range improve the difficulty in ultrasonic signal source and electroacoustic conversion, need using some new constructions and method
To complete above-mentioned part.
Pulse frequency error: standard requires to provide as follows to detector frequency measurement: tester detection frequency should provide
Test center's frequency values of frequency measurement range, in its measurement range, class of accuracy should be not less than 5%.According to accuracy
Grade relevant regulations, this metrological standard unit should be in the measurement ranges of 20kHz~200kHz, and class of accuracy is not less than
1.5%.
Linearity error: standard requires linearity error as follows: linearity error is not more than ± 20%, according to accurate
Grade relevant regulations are spent, the linearity error of this metrological standard unit is not more than ± 6%.
Stability: standard is for stability requirement are as follows: shelf depreciation ultrasonic detector continuous work is after 1 hour, injection
When the sine wave signal of constant amplitude and frequency, the variation of response is not to be exceeded ± 20%.According to class of accuracy correlation
Regulation, the stability requirement of this metrological standard unit be then in the measurement twice that time interval is 1 hour, injection constant amplitude and
When the sine wave signal of frequency, the variation of response is not to be exceeded ± 6%.
Time performance: not doing relevant regulations to the time performance of ultrasonic detector in standard, but ultrasound examination
The time difference that instrument is measured by multiple ultrasonic probes, it will be able to partial discharge position be positioned, therefore, pass through calibration ultrasound
The response time discreteness of wave detector, it will be able to which the accuracy of its this metrical information of orientation discharge position is detected.
A) add low-pass filter circuit: low-pass filter circuit can filter out the radio-frequency component in signal.Using RC passive low pass
Filtering, artificial circuit figure are as shown in Figure 2.Fig. 2 is to add low-pass filter circuit analogous diagram；
Change its upper limit frequency value in emulation by adjusting the parameter of filter circuit, simulation result is as shown in the figure.Fig. 3 a
For R=4.99k, C=68nF, upper limiting frequency 469Hz schematic diagram；Fig. 3 b is R=4.99k, C=4.7nF, upper limiting frequency
6.78kHz schematic diagram；
Low-pass filter circuit is added to can effectively reduce the amplitude of high-frequency induction output.In figure as can be seen that with RC filtered electrical
The effect of the increase of road upper cut-off frequency, filter high frequency is also deteriorated.For the standard of design, when the upper limit of RC filter circuit
When cutoff frequency reaches 6.78kHz, it has been more than A/D converter that the transient voltage peak value exported through filter circuit also has 4V at this time
Specified input 2 times (rated value 2V, corresponding primary current be 12000A), it is defeated even if A/D converter is not saturated
Value out is also excessive, it will relay protection devices is caused to malfunction.Therefore, when low-pass filter is arranged, should fully consider it is tested
Under the premise of object frequency range, the appropriate upper limiting frequency for reducing filter.
B) plus transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS) pipe: TVS pipe bear a high-energy transient overvoltage when,
Working impedance can drop to a very low conduction value immediately, and high current is allowed to pass through, and by voltage clamp to scheduled level.
Though the not no model of TVS pipe in ATP-EMTP, can be constructed by 92 element of MOV Type therein.Artificial circuit figure is such as
Shown in the following figure.Rated value is exported as 2V since A/D converts it, and peak value 2.828V considers that TVS pipe wants the electricity that can make normal condition
Press it is zero-decrement by and consider certain allowance, the clamp voltage for choosing TVS pipe is 5V.Fig. 4 is to add TVS pipe circuit simulation figure,
As can be seen that TVS pipe can clamp down on voltage value in 5V or less.
Design principle and design: surveying instrument measurement criteria has very big difference, needs to accomplish higher interference free performance, more
Big output power, higher sensitivity and the live actual installation situation of reply, it is online that this allows for ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation
The structure and laboratory ultrasonic wave Partial discharge detector measurement criteria different from of monitoring device measurement criteria.
Fig. 5 is the situ metrology standard principle figure of ultrasonic partial discharge on-Line Monitor Device；Ultrasonic partial discharge on-line monitoring dress
On-site verification standard is set mainly to be made of Background control platform and far-end measuring device two parts.Wherein, Background control platform rises
Far distance control and data receiver, analysis and display act on；Far-end measuring device mainly plays the generation, transmitting and survey of standard signal
The effects of measuring digitlization, the light emitting of signal.
For from hardware configuration, Background control platform mainly includes host computer and light emitting receiving module, upper owner
It acts on to issue instruction, control standard ultrasound signal source generates the sinusoidal signal of respective frequencies and amplitude, due to far-end measuring
Device is needed close to tested on-Line Monitor Device and GIS pipeline, for the bit error rate for reducing outside electromagnetic interference, reducing transmission
And electrical isolation is carried out, using optical fiber transmission host computer instruction and far-end measuring device transmission data are received, therefore, it is also desirable to
There are optical transmitter module and optical receiver module.
Far-end measuring device mainly include light emitting receiving module, standard signal generation module, standard signal conditioning module,
Wide Band Power amplification module, impedance matching box, ultrasonic transducer, standard microphone, wideband sound emission acquisition module, digital coding
Device and distal end battery power supply module.Light emitting receiving module mainly receives host computer instruction and surveys with far-end measuring device is issued
Measure result；Standard signal generation module core is made of FPGA and peripheral circuit, and main function is to receive host computer
Instruction generates the discrete digital amount of the sinusoidal signal of corresponding required frequency and amplitude using DDS mode；Standard signal conditioning module
It for the discrete digital amount of front end input, is converted by D/A card, analog quantity is generated, due to also containing high order in analog quantity
Harmonic wave, therefore, it is necessary to be filtered using the filter of high-precision, low drifting to it；Wide Band Power amplification module is before being directed to
The small signal of the standard of input is held to carry out power amplification, for driving subsequent ultrasonic transducer, band requirement is higher；Impedance
Orchestration main function is matching ultrasonic transducer impedance, improves the power that ultrasonic transducer receives, needs to reach in broadband
To impedance matching, guarantee that power transmission is stablized；Ultrasonic transducer is mainly at present piezo-electric crystal structure, and main function is in width
In frequency range by electric signal it is stable be converted into acoustical signal, and need to guarantee acoustical signal under the premise of electrical power is stablized
It is same to stablize；Standard microphone is also, for live complicated electromagnetic environment and noise jamming, to be needed using piezo-electric crystal structure
Using high sensor；Wideband sound emission acquisition module is believed mainly for the output of on-Line Monitor Device and standard microphone
Number high-precision difference sampling is carried out, and outputs signal to encoder；Digital encoder is mainly by the parallel digital signal of front end
It is exported after coding, convenient for the electro-optic conversion of subsequent optical transmitter module.
In conclusion being had the advantage that with on-Line Monitor Device on site
A) broadband high power power amplifier module, since signal source output signal is 20kHz-200kHz range, power
Amplifier is required to the signal of amplification 20kHz-200kHz range, while being directed to on-site actual situations, and ultrasonic partial discharge is online
The sensing head of monitoring device is generally all attached on GIS pipeline, and the ultrasonic power source of metering device needs to generate penetrates GIS enough
The signal of the intensity of pipeline, sound wave are decayed exponentially form in SF6 gas, coefficient 26dB/m, therefore in pipe diameter
In the case where 1m, only consider to decay in gas, needing power is 10W, considers that ultrasonic signal is penetrating two layers of GIS tube wall process
In have decaying, then need power amplifier to be capable of providing the power of 20W.
B) broadband front-end amplifier, since the GIS at scene is much higher than under laboratory environment ultrasonic intensity decaying
Attenuation of air, sensor output signal are mV grades, this is clearly unmatched to subsequent acquisition, it is therefore desirable to put plus front end
Big device, acquires again after amplifying to signal, and also needs to consider the problems of in amplification process to improve signal-to-noise ratio.
C) wideband difference sound emission capture card, since standard microphone position is fixed under environment at the scene, and sound wave is believed
Decaying is big more than in air number in SF6, and the diameter of GIS pipeline limits the distance between sound source and sensor than laboratory
The distance of metering device is big, therefore, the collected signal of standard microphone may very little, and noise also can be than laboratory ring
It is big under border, for improve signal-to-noise ratio, in addition to improve sensor sensitivity other than, it is also necessary to microphone output small signal into
The amplification of row front end and denoising, meanwhile, to treated, signal needs to be acquired using the difference capture card of high speed；
D) digital encoder, since live distal end capture card output signal is parallel two-forty signal, sample rate is up to
10MS/s can only be carried out data transmission using an optical fiber to simplify field connection, it is therefore desirable to these parallel datas into
Row recompiles, so as to the Serial output of high-speed, and also to guarantee the accuracy of output.For such high-speed
The requirement of high-transmission accuracy needs to study a kind of digital coding agreement, enable measuring nose data fast and accurately
It is transferred to backstage.
E) light emitting receiving module, so front end data amount is very big, was answered originally since the sample rate of front end is up to 10MS/s
Receiving system for the light emitting in conventional metered dose device possibly can not adapt to such high-speed conversion, it is therefore desirable to original
Light emitting method of reseptance improve.
F) power module close to GIS pipeline, therefore needs to use since field device measurement collecting part is integrated in distal end
Battery is powered, it is contemplated that also need to carry out the test of stability when actual alignment, therefore, battery capacity and energy supply it is steady
It is qualitative to require to solve.
Ultrasonic wave standard signal source, using FPGA control core and D/A converter realization, overall technological scheme and laboratory
Ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation measurement criteria is consistent, and by the sine waveform data deposit FPGA of 20kHz~200kHz, use is upper
Machine selects the output of respective waveforms parameter, and output digital quantity is converted to analog quantity via D/A digital analog converter, and to analog quantity into
Row low-pass filtering, filters out the higher hamonic wave due to generating when discrete digital amount is converted into progressive die analog quantity, and Fig. 6 is ultrasonic wave standard
Signal source hardware structure diagram；Power amplifier chips selection is the PA09 chip of APEX company, the exportable ± 38V voltage of the chip, electric current
Range up to 2A.
Fig. 7 is power amplifier module circuit diagram；The effect of impedance matching box is on a wide frequency band to ultrasonic transducer
The matching of impedance is carried out, to reduce the loss of the reactive power as caused by energy converter impedance parameter itself, improves energy conversion
Efficiency, stablize ultrasonic transducer input power.In order to make ultrasonic transducer in the frequency range of 20kHz~200kHz all
Maximum transducer power gain TPG can be obtained, needs to carry out wideband impedance match to energy converter in required frequency range.?
During carrying out impedance matching, we will first with impedance analyzer to impedance operator of the ultrasonic transducer in frequency range into
Row measurement.Then using real frequency method progress impedance matching is simplified, a matching network is obtained by optimization algorithm.
Ultrasonic transducer selects the S9208 of PAC company, and the resonant frequency of operation of s9208 is 500kHz, and working band is
20-1000kHz, peak sensitivity are 45dB/V/ (m/s).
The D9241A and R15D of standard microphone selection PAC company are collectively constituted, and wherein D9241A is responsible for 20kHz-
The frequency range of 100kHz, R15D are responsible for the frequency range of 100kHz-200kHz.The resonance frequency of D9241A is 30kHz, peak value
Sensitivity is 82dB/V/ (m/s).The resonance frequency of R15D is 75kHz, and peak sensitivity is 69dB/V/ (m/s).The two are super
Sonic sensor is differential type ultrasonic sensor, can voluntarily filter out extraneous environmental noise influence in the output signal.
Front-end amplifier chooses the SA-200F3 of NF company, which is DC~700kHz range,
Meet band requirement, output signal can reach ± 5V, while can also preferably inhibit noise.
Difference sound emission capture card chooses NI company PCI-6115 data collecting card.NI PCI-6115 has every channel
The sampling rate of 10MS/s, the input range of 8 ± 0.2V to ± 42V, onboard frequency overlapped-resistable filter, 12,2 tunnel simulation output,
2 24 digit counters/timers and 8 general digital I/O lines, are suitble to various applications.
Light-receiving transmitting effect is to receive optical signal, is converted into electric signal output and receives electric signal, is converted into light letter
Number output, wherein optical transmitting set uses HFBR1414 for core, while also needing a series of peripheral signal modulation circuit；Light
Receiver uses HFBR2412 for core, also demodulates to the signal received, can be reduced to original telecommunications
Number.Fig. 8 is electrooptic conversion module schematic diagram；Fig. 9 is photoelectric conversion module schematic diagram.
Distal end battery-powered, since far-end measuring device power consumption is larger, preresearch estimates 30W is carrying out stability test
When need continue working a period of time, proposed adoption high capacity cell carry out function.Simultaneously as measuring device part needs to stablize
Voltage, otherwise will affect the measuring device precision including A/D, so, energized part proposes high requirement to pressure stabilizing.
The main resonatnt frequency of contact with it is contactless different, in SF6 be 20kHz~80kHz, oil in main resonance frequency
Rate is 150kHz, and Figure 10 is contact type measurement structure chart；Figure 11 is transmission of quantity value schematic diagram；Figure 12 is the comparison method school of sensitivity
Standard apparatus block diagram；In figure, 1 is standard transducer；2 be sensor to be measured；3 be piezo-electric crystal.
Measurement scheme finds partial discharge detection with contactless similar, guarantee sound source output signal amplitude stability, adjustment frequency
The main resonatnt frequency of instrument is ginseng with tested the ratio between on-Line Monitor Device output signal amplitude and standard microphone output signal amplitude
Value is examined, when the value maximum, signal frequency is main resonatnt frequency.Due to itself having installed tested sensor on GIS pipeline,
The position of the sensor alignment monitors position, if being removed calibration, online prison can be influenced when installing return pipe road again
The subsequent normal work of measurement equipment, and signal source that is difficult, therefore considering will test device is dismounted in electrification
All be mounted on GIS pipeline with standard microphone and carry out calibration test, guarantee tested on-line monitoring equipment can it is subsequent after
Continuous steady operation, in calibration, influence subject device small as far as possible is also the target that should accomplish when electrification verification.Standard is transaudient
Device should select the energy converter that frequency response is flat within the scope of 20~200kHz, using NBS taper energy converter in national standard, but
Energy converter frequency response within the scope of 100kHz~1MHz is flat, therefore needs to select a within the scope of 20kHz~200kHz
The flat microphone of frequency response.
The detection of the contact linearity: ultrasonic signal frequency is adjusted to main resonatnt frequency, output amplitude is adjusted, to supervise online
Excitation signal voltage value is that U is motivated from 10 points are uniformly taken between 0.1U~U when surveying device full scale, detects online prison
Surveying the ratio between device and standard microphone output amplitude is reference value.
Contact bandwidth detection: using main resonatnt frequency as benchmark frequency, on-Line Monitor Device and standard microphone output are believed
The ratio between number amplitude is 1, under the premise of guaranteeing that excitation signal amplitude is constant, reduces exciting signal frequency, until on-line monitoring dress
Set measure signal and standard microphone to measure the ratio between signal be 0.512 under benchmark frequency, measure lower-cut-off frequency, similarly may be used
Survey upper cut-off frequency.
Contact sensitivity technique: an amplitude stability is generated by sound-source signal generator, frequency is main resonatnt frequency
Sinusoidal ultrasound wave signal is calculated the sound intensity of output signal by standard microphone output, and tested instrument output valve and the sound intensity are believed
Number sensitivity of the ratio as ultrasonic partial discharge on-Line Monitor Device.
The detection of contact average sensitivity: a series of amplitude stabilities, frequency are generated with main resonance by sound-source signal generator
On the basis of frequency, the certain sinusoidal ultrasound wave signal of frequency range is calculated the sound intensity of output signal by standard microphone output,
Using tested instrument output valve and sound intensity signal ratio as the sensitivity of ultrasonic partial discharge detector, it is big to calculate its average sensitivity
It is small.
The detection of contact impulse waveform: a main resonatnt frequency signal is generated by sound-source signal generator, signal continues one
Period is observed and the correlated characteristics amount such as measures signal frequency and measure signal duration, amplitude, for particle free in GIS
The detection of presence or absence.
The detection of contact waveform sluggishness: sound-source signal generator generates a square-wave signal, and signal continues a cycle, observes
The waveform of on-line monitoring equipment output, by the lag time that the response of partial discharge tester is calculated.
The metering of measurement criteria is traced to the source: this metrological standard unit is to turn sound by electric signal from the angular divisions of transmission of quantity value
Signal, acoustical signal turn electric signal and electric signal measurement three parts composition, according to national measurement technical specification JJF1337-2012
" acoustic emission sensor calibrating standard (comparison method) ", acoustic signal sensor figure of tracing to the source are as follows:
There are Precision Pulse magnitude measuring instrument and frequency meter in high-voltage metering station, used here as method of standard table, to be measured
Electrical signal collection system is calibrated, and electrical signal collection system is traced to the source if Figure 13 is that electrical signal collection system amplitude is traced to the source figure；Figure
14 trace to the source figure for electrical signal collection system frequency.
Since ultrasonic partial discharge detection is not only the detection for the discharge capacity realized by an independent sensor, positioning
When, what is needed is not only working independently for a sensor, it is desirable that the collaborative work of a sensor array, it is main
If receiving the time difference of signal according to the ultrasonic sensor in different location calculates sound source position,
Therefore, in the calibration for ultrasonic partial discharge detection device, ultrasonic partial discharge detection device should also be considered
Entire standard set-up is split as two parts and traced to the source by time performance, this measurement criteria, finally carries out the synthesis of uncertainty,
Acoustic emission sensor and canonical reference sensor are traced to the source using comparison method, the amplification acquisition system of electric signal then with high voltage
The Precision Pulse amplitude meter and frequency meter of measuring station are traced to the source, and current ultrasonic wave Partial Discharge Detection etalon missing is solved
The problem of.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of the technical program, should all be covered in the present invention
Protection scope in.
Claims (5)
1. ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering system under site environment, it is characterised in that: including Background control platform and far-end measuring
Device；The Background control platform includes host computer and the first light emitting receiving module；The host computer connects with the reflection of the first light
Receive module connection；The far-end measuring device includes the second light emitting receiving module, standard signal generation module, standard signal tune
Manage module, Wide Band Power amplification module, impedance matching box, ultrasonic transducer, standard microphone, wideband sound emission acquisition module,
Digital encoder and distal end battery power supply module；
The second light emitting receiving module is connect by optical fiber with the first light emitting receiving module, for receiving host computer instruction
With the measurement data for issuing far-end measuring device；
The second light emitting receiving module is connect with standard signal generation module；The standard signal generation module successively with mark
Calibration signal conditioning module, Wide Band Power amplification module, impedance matching box are connected with ultrasonic transducer；
The ultrasonic transducer is connect with standard microphone and on-Line Monitor Device respectively；
And small-signal is input to small-signal conditioning circuit, and output signal to encoder；
The wideband sound emission acquisition module is used to acquire the difference sampling of on-Line Monitor Device and standard microphone output signal
Signal；The difference sampled signal is connect by digital encoder with the second smooth reflection receivable module；
The distal end battery power supply module is connect with each module in far-end measuring device respectively；
The standard microphone is connect with the piezo-electric crystal being set on GIS pipeline；
The on-Line Monitor Device is connect with the tested sensor being set on GIS pipeline；
Reference instrument is connect with the standard transducer being set on GIS pipeline；
The Wide Band Power amplification module output frequency is the signal of 20kHz-200kHz；Output power is 20W-40W.
2. ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering system under site environment as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: first light
Transmitting and receiving module includes the first optical transmitting set and the first optical receiver；The second light emitting receiving module is sent out including the second light
Emitter and the second optical receiver；
First optical transmitting set is connect with host computer and the second optical receiver respectively；
First optical receiver is connect with host computer and the second optical transmitting set respectively；
Second optical receiver is connect with standard signal generation module；
Second optical transmitting set is connect with digital encoder.
3. ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering system under site environment as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the wideband sound
Emit acquisition module and uses difference sound emission capture card.
4. ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering system under site environment as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: standard signal produces
Raw module includes FPGA controller, D/A converter, low-pass filter and voltage amplifier；
Described FPGA controller one end is connect with the second optical receiver；The FPGA controller other end and D/A converter it is defeated
Enter end connection；The output end of the D/A converter is successively connect with low-pass filter and voltage amplifier.
5. ultrasonic wave shelf depreciation metering method under site environment, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Sound-source signal is exported using standard signal generation module；
Calculate tested the ratio between on-Line Monitor Device output signal amplitude and standard microphone output signal amplitude；
Using the maximum value of the ratio between amplitude as the main resonatnt frequency of signal frequency；
Ultrasonic signal frequency is adjusted to main resonatnt frequency；
Obtain the position for the survey sensor being set on GIS pipeline；
Measure upper and lower limit cutoff frequency；
Measure the sensitivity of on-Line Monitor Device；
Calculate the lag time of partial discharge tester response；
The metering of measurement criteria is traced to the source.
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| CN107134394A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-05 | 国网山东省电力公司淄博供电公司 | Controller, the system and method for permanent-magnet breaker |
| CN108519572B (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2023-09-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Evaluation device and evaluation method for transient ground voltage partial discharge instrument |
| CN109031070A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-18 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司盐城供电分公司 | A kind of partial discharge of switchgear on-line monitoring system and its monitoring method based on W5500 ethernet communication |
| CN109406959B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-04-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for evaluating frequency characteristics of ultrasonic partial discharge instrument |
| CN109974841B (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-01-14 | 广东省计量科学研究院（华南国家计量测试中心） | Standard ultrasonic power source |
| CN110045251B (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2021-05-18 | 湖北工业大学 | Power cable internal insulation defect detection and flaw detection device and method |
| CN112466627B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-12-24 | 西安西电变压器有限责任公司 | Design method and system of transformer oil tank and transformer oil tank |
| CN112763864B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-08-04 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | GIS optical fiber type ultrasonic partial discharge sensor |
| CN112763862B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-08-08 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | GIS built-in ultrasonic partial discharge sensor |
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