CN105842343A - Acoustic emission testing apparatus with acoustic emission sensors built in true triaxial chamber - Google Patents
Acoustic emission testing apparatus with acoustic emission sensors built in true triaxial chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN105842343A CN105842343A CN201610155869.2A CN201610155869A CN105842343A CN 105842343 A CN105842343 A CN 105842343A CN 201610155869 A CN201610155869 A CN 201610155869A CN 105842343 A CN105842343 A CN 105842343A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acoustic emission testing apparatus with acoustic emission sensors built in a true triaxial chamber. T-shaped cavities are processed in rock sample clamps in three directions of a true triaxial electro-hydraulic servo mutagenesis testing system; the acoustic emission sensors are placed in the T-shaped cavities; a rubber plug located at an end part is used for fixing an acoustic emission signal line; the lead-out signal line is connected with a BNC adapter equipped with a terminal; the BNC adapter is directly connected with an amplifier to form a complete acoustic emission monitoring system; and the tail part of each acoustic emission sensor is fixedly connected with a push rod through a magnet piece, the push rod, a spring pad, a hard spring and minisized screws form a force-transferring mechanism together, and the acoustic emission sensor and a rock sample are allowed to always maintain tight contact in virtue of the mechanism. The acoustic emission testing apparatus is simple in structure and strong in operability; the acoustic emission sensors are repeatedly usable; considerable interference signals produced by external arrangement of the acoustic emission sensors are substantially reduced; and authenticity and reliability of acquired acoustic emission signals are guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Experimental on acoustic emission device adding unloading based on three axles, particularly relate to a kind of Experimental on acoustic emission device that acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber.
Background technology
Deep rock is under three-dimensional high-stress state, and under research multiaxial stress state, the method for the mechanical characteristic of rock mainly includes that normal triaxial tests (σ1>σ2=σ3≠ 0) and true triaxial experiment (σ1>σ2>σ3≠0).Normal triaxial experiment have ignored the intermediate principal stress impact on rock mechanics, is unfavorable for understanding the rock rupture mechanism under true stress state.The research carrying out three-dimensional stress constraint rock mechanics needs to utilize true triaxial experimental system to carry out.
When rock material is by external force or endogenetic process, elastic deformation, cracks can spread due to itself, the Elastic wave phenomenon locally sent because of the quickly release of energy in causing fragile material, referred to as acoustic emission (Acoustic Emission), also referred to as elastic wave are launched.Characteristics of Acoustic Emission parameter contains the precursor information of abundant damage Progressive failure.Acoustic emission is a good tool of research fragile material UNSTABLE FAILURE evolutionary process, can continuously, the generation of fragile material internal tiny crack and extension under monitors load effect in real time, and realize the location to its destruction position, this is that other any test methods do not have the special feature that, be widely used in the material such as study of rocks, concrete ruptures Failure Mechanism research.But, under prior art conditions, unloading acoustic emission adding for rock three axle and the research of location technology still suffers from the deficiency in terms of some and problem, main performance is as follows:
Acoustic emission sensor is typically all placed in triaxial chamber (the also or rock sample fixture) outer wall of pilot system by the rock triaxial test that in the past great majority were carried out.In this case, rock sample fixture (hydraulic oil in normal triaxial and casing wall) can cause propagation distance to increase, thus cause the acoustie emission event number received and energy to reduce (for normal triaxial equipment, directly through the hydraulic oil in servo triaxial chamber, its shear pulse ripple is especially because can not occur that propagation path is changed).Further, since the impact of laboratory environment noise etc., also can be by many effect of noise when acoustic emission sensor is placed in triaxial chamber outer wall, the especially interference of electromagnetic signal, the Signal-to-Noise therefore received is relatively low.Have not yet to see have been reported that currently in the research of true triaxial indoor monitoring acoustic emission signal and the development of relevant device thereof.
In sum, it is necessary to propose a kind of Experimental on acoustic emission device that acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber, to meet the technology requirement in true triaxial indoor collection acoustic emission signal.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of verity that can realize acoustic emission signal and reliability and easy and simple to handle, the Experimental on acoustic emission device that acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber of length in service life.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the Experimental on acoustic emission device that acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber that the present invention provides, including 6 rock sample fixtures, acoustic emission preamplifier, acoustic emission sensor and acoustic emission holding wire, 6 described rock sample fixture size shape are the most consistent, respectively along x-axis, y-axis and z-axis direction are arranged two-by-two, each described rock sample fixture is all machined with T-shaped cavity, the cavity elongated slot of described T-shaped cavity penetrates the both ends of the surface of described rock sample fixture, one side is to contact end face with rock sample, another side is for loading end face；Described acoustic emission sensor is close to rock sample near rock sample one end in being built in described T-shaped cavity, the other end of described acoustic emission sensor is connected with force transmission mechanism one end, the other end of described force transmission mechanism is connected with described rock sample fixture, and described acoustic emission sensor remains contact condition by described force transmission mechanism and rock sample；Described acoustic emission signal line is through the acoustic emission sensor described in the cavity short groove connection of described T-shaped cavity and described acoustic emission preamplifier；Also include that one is arranged at rock sample and the disturbing rod loaded between end face.
Described force transmission mechanism includes push rod, the first spring shim, the second spring shim, hard spring and miniature screw thread, the second described spring shim by two described miniature screw threads be fixed on described rock sample fixture by load end face；One end of described push rod is connected with described acoustic emission sensor, and the described push rod other end is provided with the first described spring shim, and described hard spring is arranged between the first described spring shim and the second described spring shim.
One end of described push rod is connected by flat thin magnet with described acoustic emission sensor.
The cavity elongated slot of described T-shaped cavity is positioned at described rock sample fixture central authorities, and the short groove of described cavity is perpendicular to described cavity elongated slot, and the short groove of described cavity is positioned at rock sample contact end face and the loading end Middle face of described rock sample fixture.
BNC adaptor is connected with terminal, and described acoustic emission signal line is connected with described BNC adaptor by described terminal, the described acoustic emission preamplifier described in the access of BNC adaptor.
The length being arranged on the described push rod in the described T-shaped cavity below z-axis direction should be slightly bigger than the length of the described push rod in the described T-shaped cavity being arranged on x-axis and y-axis direction.
The short groove of cavity of described T-shaped cavity is provided with rubber closure, and described rubber closure has rectangle grooving, and described acoustic emission signal line passes the short groove of cavity of described T-shaped cavity in filling in described rubber stopper.
Rock sample and described rock sample fixture are separate type structure, and described acoustic emission sensor and force transmission mechanism are separate type structure.
Described acoustic emission signal line and described BNC adaptor are separate type structure, described BNC adaptor and described acoustic emission preamplifier are separate type structure, described acoustic emission sensor and described acoustic emission signal line are monolithic construction, and described BNC adaptor and described terminal are monolithic construction.
It is monolithic construction between described push rod, the first spring shim, the second spring shim and hard spring.
Use the Experimental on acoustic emission device that acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber of technique scheme, this actual triaxial testing apparatus can realize level, vertical direction and independently add unloading, by rock sample fixture power transmission between rock sample and oil cylinder, rock sample and 6 rock sample fixtures of surrounding collectively form chamber body.6 rock sample fixture size shape are the most consistent, arrange two-by-two along x-axis, y-axis and z-axis direction respectively, a size of 105mm × 105mm × 105mm, slightly larger than rock sample size, rock sample fixture is processed T-shaped cavity, wherein, cavity elongated slot penetrates fixture both ends of the surface, one side is to contact end face with rock sample, another side is loading end face, its a size of Ф 10mm × 105mm, and the short groove of cavity is along being parallel to the processing of cavity elongated slot arbitrary rock sample fixture end face, till when penetrated cavity elongated slot, a size of Ф 8mm × 50mm；Acoustic emission system uses PCI-2 type, the probe diameter of acoustic emission sensor is Ф 5.5mm, the acoustic emission signal line being connected with acoustic emission sensor uses sidepiece mode occur, and be separated with BNC adaptor, acoustic emission signal linear diameter is Ф 2mm, acoustic emission sensor and acoustic emission signal line are built in the T-shaped cavity of each rock sample fixture at rock sample, after acoustic emission signal line is turned in the short groove of cavity by cavity elongated slot, draw after facing sky end rubber closure and be fixing, rubber closure is filled in the short groove of cavity of T-shaped cavity immediately, the acoustic emission signal line drawn is connected with acoustic emission preamplifier by BNC adaptor；BNC adaptor end is connected to a terminal, can realize immediately separating and being connected of acoustic emission signal line and BNC adaptor；Acoustic emission sensor is fixed with force transmission mechanism (push rod) by flat thin magnet, force transmission mechanism is by push rod, first spring shim, second spring shim, hard spring is constituted with miniature screw thread, push rod a size of Ф 6mm × 85mm, its other end and the first spring shim firm welding, hard spring is installed between the first spring shim and the second spring shim, hard spring need to have sufficient rigidity to ensure that enough thrust makes acoustic emission sensor and rock sample remain close contact, need between acoustic emission sensor and rock sample to smear one layer of vaseline, T-shaped cavity inner push-rod length should be suitably increased when installing acoustic emission sensor below z-axis direction, make hard spring close to limited compression state, in order to avoid causing acoustic emission sensor cannot be fully contacted with rock sample；Second spring shim is fixed on the loading end face of rock sample fixture by two miniature screw threads.
In sum, the method have the advantages that
(1) difficulty of processing of the present invention is little, easy to operate, flexible, pop one's head in readily accessible, reusable, the various large-scale real triaxial including rock can be carried out and add the acoustic emission of unloading test and the research of location technology thereof, be particularly suited for the acoustic emission research of the damage effects such as rock under the conditions of high confining pressure.
(2) this Experimental on acoustic emission device overcomes and acoustic emission sensor is placed on the drawback that true triaxial is outdoor in the past, it is achieved that what acoustic emission sensor was built in true triaxial indoor rationally adds unloading test, it is ensured that acoustic emission gathers verity and the reliability of information.
(3) can ensure that acoustic emission sensor is close to rock sample surface all the time when gathering acoustic emission data by built-in force transmission mechanism, it is achieved the smooth collection of data；Meanwhile, this device can accurately obtain the three dimensional space coordinate of each acoustic emission sensor, follow-up location algorithm is determined to the spatial shape of cracks can spread locus, propagation direction and cracks can spread lays the foundation.
In sum, instant invention overcomes and acoustic emission sensor is placed on the drawback that true triaxial is outdoor in the past, when gathering acoustic emission data, acoustic emission sensor is close to rock sample surface, it is achieved that the verity of acoustic emission signal and reliability.This device is easy and simple to handle, and acoustic emission sensor can be dismantled immediately, improves its service life.The present invention can realize static at true triaxial to rock or rock-like materials, dynamically or sound combination adds the research of acoustic emission when damaging and destroy under unloading condition and location technology thereof.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is fixture main TV structure schematic diagram above the rock sample of z-axis direction.
Fig. 3 is BNC adaptor and terminal structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that acoustic emission signal line installs plan structure figure with rubber stopper.
Fig. 5 is that acoustic emission signal line installs main TV structure figure with rubber stopper.
In figure: 1-T font cavity, 2-rubber stopper, 3-push rod, 4-the first spring shim, 5-the second spring shim, 6-hard spring, 7-miniature screw thread, 8-BNC adaptor, 9-rock sample fixture, 10-flat thin magnet, 11-acoustic emission sensor, 12-acoustic emission signal line, 13-preamplifier, 14-rock sample, 15-terminal, 16-oil cylinder, 17-disturbing rod.
Detailed description of the invention
Enforcement to the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As shown in Figure 1, this device is mainly made up of T-shaped cavity 1, rubber closure 2, push rod the 3, first spring shim the 4, second spring shim 5, hard spring 6, miniature screw thread 7, BNC adaptor 8, rock sample fixture 9, flat thin magnet 10, acoustic emission sensor 11, acoustic emission signal line 12, acoustic emission preamplifier 13, rock sample 14, terminal 15, oil cylinder 16 and disturbing rod 17 component.Rock sample 14 and rock sample fixture 9, in the upper realization of true triaxial electro-hydraulic servo mutagenesis testing system (TRW-3000 type), are collectively treated as true triaxial pressure chamber by a kind of Experimental on acoustic emission device of true triaxial chamber that is built in by acoustic emission sensor.First, 6 rock sample fixture 9 size shape are the most consistent, respectively along x-axis, y-axis and z-axis direction are arranged two-by-two, in this pilot system 6 equivalently-sized rock sample fixtures 9 are processed T-shaped cavity 1 respectively, the size of rock sample fixture 9 is 105mm × 105mm × 105mm, the cavity elongated slot of T-shaped cavity 1 penetrates fixture both ends of the surface, one side for contacting end face with rock sample 14, another side is for loading end face, its a size of Ф 10mm × 105mm, the short groove of cavity of T-shaped cavity 1 is along being parallel to the processing of cavity elongated slot arbitrary rock sample fixture 9 end face, till when penetrated cavity elongated slot, a size of Ф 8mm × 50mm；Acoustic emission system uses PCI-2 type, wherein, acoustic emission sensor 11 a size of Ф 5.5mm, uses sidepiece mode occur, a diameter of Ф 2mm of acoustic emission signal line 12；Secondly, acoustic emission sensor 11 is sent near the cavity elongated slot end face of T-shaped cavity 1, after acoustic emission signal line 12 is turned in the short groove of cavity by cavity elongated slot, slowly drawing through facing dead end face, and be plunged in rubber stopper 2, rubber stopper 2 has driven rectangle grooving in advance, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, subsequently the rubber closure 2 filling in acoustic emission signal line 12 is filled in the short groove of cavity of T-shaped cavity 1, launch holding wire 12 with fixed sound, as shown in Figure 1；The acoustic emission signal line 12 drawn in rubber closure 2 is connected with acoustic emission preamplifier 13 eventually through BNC adaptor 8, form complete acoustic emission monitoring system, BNC adaptor 8 afterbody connects a terminal 15, it can realize immediately separating and being connected, as shown in Figure 3 of acoustic emission signal line 12 and BNC adaptor 8；Again, force transmission mechanism is sent in T-shaped cavity 1 by rock sample fixture 8 loading end one end, force transmission mechanism is made up of push rod the 3, first spring shim the 4, second spring shim 5, hard spring 6 and miniature screw thread 7, the second spring shim 5 by two miniature screw threads 7 be fixed on rock sample fixture 9 by loading end face；Push rod 3 other end is provided with the first spring shim 4, and hard spring 6 is arranged between the first spring shim 4 and the second spring shim 5.Force transmission mechanism is an entirety, the most above-mentioned component is fixed between any two by the way of welding, acoustic emission sensor 11 is connected with the push rod 3 of force transmission mechanism by a flat thin magnet 10, to prevent acoustic emission sensor 11 and rock sample 14 from producing landing, hard spring 6 should have sufficiently high rigidity, to guarantee that acoustic emission sensor 11 is in close contact with rock sample 14 all the time, hard spring 6 is operationally it is ensured that be in compressive state, so that acoustic emission sensor 11 is in all the time to rock sample 14 1 side's pressured state；As shown in Figure 1, the length of T-shaped cavity 1 inner push-rod 3 should be suitably increased when installing acoustic emission sensor 11 below z-axis direction, make hard spring 6 close to limited compression state, cause the consequence that cannot accept acoustic emission signal to prevent acoustic emission sensor 11 from separating with rock sample 14, need between acoustic emission sensor 11 and rock sample 14 to smear one layer of vaseline；Finally, rock sample fixture 9 is loaded in true triaxial electro-hydraulic servo mutagenesis testing system, during installation, owing to different directions actuator is different from oil cylinder 16 position, in rock sample fixture 9 along the z-axis direction, T-shaped cavity 1 need to be arranged in side-stand type, along the rock sample fixture 9 of x-axis and y-axis, T-shaped cavity 1 need to be in inverted layout, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.Also include a disturbing rod being arranged between rock sample 14 and oil cylinder 16 17.Surface of test piece dynamic loading (including concussion of blasting, shock loading, train vibrations etc.) impact on rock during simulating Underground Engineering Excavation is acted on by disturbing rod 17, disturbing rod 17 side connects thankss for your hospitality be dynamically connected bar and disturbance actuator, and it can apply disturbance load in rock sample a direction or multiple directions simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, rock sample 14 and rock sample fixture 9 are separate type structure, acoustic emission sensor 11, flat thin magnet 10 are separate type structure with force transmission mechanism three, acoustic emission signal line 12 and BNC adaptor 8 are separate type structure, BNC adaptor 8 and preamplifier 13 are separate type structure, and rubber closure 2 and acoustic emission signal line 12 are separate type structure；And acoustic emission sensor 11 and acoustic emission signal line 12 are monolithic construction, being monolithic construction between push rod the 3, first spring shim the 4, second spring shim 5 and hard spring 6, BNC adaptor 8 and terminal 15 are monolithic construction.
When this device is dismantled, first acoustic emission signal line 12 is separated with terminal 15, then acoustic emission sensor 11 is separated with force transmission mechanism.Owing to acoustic emission sensor 11 is expensive, by being connected with flat thin magnet 10, though its can dismounting, reuse, it is to avoid owing to using glass cement, structure glue etc. to the damage of acoustic emission sensor 11 and harm, significantly reduce the required cost of test.
A kind of Experimental on acoustic emission device that acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber, carrying out that true triaxial is dynamic and static or during coupled static-dynamic loadingi experiment, uses while at most can realizing 6 acoustic emission passages；Carrying out, true triaxial is dynamic and static or sound combination unloads when testing, use while multipotency realizes 5 acoustic emission passages, follow-up carry out location algorithm to determine the spatial shape of cracks can spread locus, propagation direction and cracks can spread time, at least need 4 acoustic emission sensors to be installed to meet solving of equation group, therefore, the present invention can carry out the research that true triaxial adds the On Crack Dynamic Propagation Process of Rock Samples of unloading Acoustic Emission location.
Claims (10)
1. acoustic emission sensor is built in an Experimental on acoustic emission device for true triaxial chamber,
Including 6 rock sample fixtures (9), acoustic emission preamplifier (13), acoustic emission sensor
And acoustic emission holding wire (12) (11), it is characterised in that: 6 described rock sample fixtures
(9) size shape is all consistent, arranges two-by-two along x-axis, y-axis and z-axis direction respectively, Mei Gesuo
The rock sample fixture (9) stated all is machined with T-shaped cavity (1), described T-shaped sky
The cavity elongated slot in chamber (1) penetrates the both ends of the surface of described rock sample fixture (9), and one side is
Contact end face with rock sample, another side is for loading end face；Described acoustic emission sensor (11)
It is close to rock sample near rock sample one end in being built in described T-shaped cavity (1),
The other end of described acoustic emission sensor (11) is connected with force transmission mechanism one end, described biography
The other end of force mechanisms is connected with described rock sample fixture (9), and described acoustic emission passes
Sensor (11) remains contact condition by described force transmission mechanism and rock sample；Described
Acoustic emission signal line (12) connect through the short groove of cavity of described T-shaped cavity (1)
Described acoustic emission sensor (11) and described acoustic emission preamplifier (13)；Also wrap
Include a disturbing rod being arranged between rock sample and charger (17).
The most according to claim 1 acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber
Experimental on acoustic emission device, it is characterised in that: described force transmission mechanism include push rod (3), first
Spring shim (4), the second spring shim (5), hard spring (6) and miniature screw thread (7),
Described the second spring shim (5) is fixed on described rock by described miniature screw thread (7)
Stone specimen holder (9) by load end face；One end of described push rod (3) and described sound
Emission sensor (11) connects, and described push rod 3 other end is provided with the first described spring pad
Sheet (4), described hard spring (6) is arranged on described the first spring shim (4) and institute
Between the second spring shim (5) stated.
The most according to claim 2 acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber
Experimental on acoustic emission device, it is characterised in that: one end of described push rod (3) and described sound
Emission sensor (11) is connected by flat thin magnet (10).
The most according to claim 1 and 2 acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber
The Experimental on acoustic emission device of room, it is characterised in that: the cavity of described T-shaped cavity (1)
Elongated slot is positioned at described rock sample fixture (9) central authorities, and the short groove of described cavity is perpendicular to institute
The cavity elongated slot stated, the short groove of described cavity is positioned at the rock of described rock sample fixture (9)
Stone sample contacts end face and loading end Middle face.
The most according to claim 1 and 2 acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber
The Experimental on acoustic emission device of room, it is characterised in that: BNC adaptor (8) is connected with terminal (15),
Described acoustic emission signal line (12) is transferred with described BNC by described terminal (15)
Head (8) is connected, the described acoustic emission preamplifier described in BNC adaptor (8) access
(13)。
The most according to claim 2 acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber
Experimental on acoustic emission device, it is characterised in that: be arranged on below z-axis direction is described T-shaped
The length of the described push rod (3) in cavity (1) is more than being arranged on x-axis and y-axis direction
The length of the described described push rod (3) in T-shaped cavity (1).
The most according to claim 1 and 2 acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber
The Experimental on acoustic emission device of room, it is characterised in that: the cavity of described T-shaped cavity (1)
Short groove is provided with rubber closure (2), and described rubber closure (2) has rectangle grooving, institute
The acoustic emission signal line (12) stated passes described T word in filling in described rubber stopper (2)
The short groove of cavity of shape cavity (1).
The most according to claim 1 and 2 acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber
The Experimental on acoustic emission device of room, it is characterised in that: rock sample and described rock sample fixture
(9) be separate type structure, described acoustic emission sensor (11) with force transmission mechanism for separating
Formula structure.
The most according to claim 5 acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber
Experimental on acoustic emission device, it is characterised in that: described acoustic emission signal line (12) is with described
BNC adaptor (8) is separate type structure, described BNC adaptor (8) and described sound
Launch preamplifier (13) be separate type structure, described acoustic emission sensor (11) with
Described acoustic emission signal line (12) is monolithic construction, described BNC adaptor (8)
It is monolithic construction with described terminal (15).
The most according to claim 2 acoustic emission sensor is built in true triaxial chamber
Experimental on acoustic emission device, it is characterised in that: described push rod (3), the first spring shim (4),
It is monolithic construction between second spring shim (5) and hard spring (6).
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