CN105736056B - Liquid air energy storage system - Google Patents
Liquid air energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105736056B CN105736056B CN201610076382.5A CN201610076382A CN105736056B CN 105736056 B CN105736056 B CN 105736056B CN 201610076382 A CN201610076382 A CN 201610076382A CN 105736056 B CN105736056 B CN 105736056B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type
- F01C11/002—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type of similar working principle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B21/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
- F01B21/02—Combinations of two or more machines or engines the machines or engines being all of reciprocating-piston type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D13/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
- F01D13/02—Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a liquid air energy storage system which comprises a compressor unit, a first low-temperature heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a liquid storage tank, a low-temperature pump, a second low-temperature heat exchanger and an expansion unit which are sequentially connected, wherein the first low-temperature heat exchanger and the second low-temperature heat exchanger are connected through a cold accumulator for storing a single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium, and a channel for the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium to circularly flow, exchange heat and store in a liquid phase is formed. The liquid air energy storage system adopts a single liquid precooling working medium in a wide temperature area, and the low-temperature heat exchanger is used as cold energy exchange equipment, so that a very small heat transfer temperature difference can be realized in the low-temperature heat exchanger, the loss in the heat transfer process is reduced, and the energy storage efficiency of the system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a liquid air energy storage system adopting a single liquid precooling working medium in a wide temperature area.
Background
Energy is a material basis for human survival, and the development of human society is an energy source, but due to the severe dependence on non-renewable energy, namely fossil energy, human beings face resource exhaustion and environmental problems in the future, so that the rapid development of renewable energy is one of the ways to solve. At present, wind energy and solar energy are technically mature new energy forms, but the wind energy and the solar energy have the characteristics of intermittence and instability, for example, wind power generation is insufficient in weak wind, and the solar energy cannot be used in rainy days and at night, so that an electric energy storage technology is needed for storing energy and providing power supply stability of an electric power system.
The large-scale energy storage technology feasible in the prior art comprises pumped storage, battery storage, compressed air storage and the like. Pumped storage needs to build a dam, which easily causes certain influence on ecology, and the hydropower station has long construction period and large initial investment. Although the energy density of the battery is high, the energy storage is small, the cycle life is short, the unit cost is high, and the environmental pollution is caused in the production and post-treatment processes. The traditional compressed air energy storage system is not an independent technology and needs to be matched with a gas turbine power station for use, and when the power is in a low ebb, redundant electric quantity is utilized to compress air into an underground cave or a waste cave well for storage, so that an energy storage stage is completed; when the power peak is reached, high-pressure air is released, enters a combustion chamber of the gas turbine to be mixed with fuel for combustion, and then drives a turbine unit to generate electricity, so that the energy release stage is completed. However, conventional compressed air energy storage systems are limited by specific geographical conditions and rely on fossil fuel combustion to provide heat, resulting in large exhaust emissions. The scholars at home and abroad research and improve the expansion type non-afterburning gas storage chamber, and the non-afterburning gas storage chamber is used in the expansion process by recycling and storing the compression heat generated in the compression process, but the non-afterburning gas storage chamber still has low energy storage density and needs to overcome the defect of a large-volume gas storage chamber.
In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars successively develop the research on liquid air energy storage technology, air is stored in a storage tank in a liquid form, and the liquid air energy storage tank is not limited by geographical environment and has high energy density. However, in the currently proposed liquefaction scheme, solids such as stones and concrete are used as a packed bed in a common cold storage device to store cold energy, and the irreversible heat transfer loss of a solid medium is too large, so that the cold storage efficiency cannot meet the overall liquefaction requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to overcome the defects and problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a liquid air energy storage system using a single liquid precooling working medium in a wide temperature range.
The utility model provides a liquid air energy storage system, its includes compressor unit, first cryogenic heat exchanger, choke valve, liquid storage tank, cryopump, second cryogenic heat exchanger and the expander set that connects gradually, first cryogenic heat exchanger with realize connecting through the regenerator of storing single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium between the second cryogenic heat exchanger, form single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium is with the passageway of liquid phase circulation flow, heat transfer and storage.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compressor unit comprises a plurality of compressors connected in series and the expander unit comprises a plurality of expanders connected in series.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cold accumulator includes a first storage tank and a second storage tank, and the first storage tank and the second storage tank are connected through a low temperature pipeline.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid-phase temperature range of the liquid precooling working medium is 300K to 77K.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first storage tank and the second storage tank for the precooled working medium are both single storage tanks, and the first low-temperature heat exchanger and the second low-temperature heat exchanger are both single heat exchangers.
And the gas side of the liquid storage tank, the first low-temperature heat exchanger set and the compressor set are communicated through a low-temperature pipeline to form a low-temperature air backflow channel.
The single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium stores cold energy in a sensible heat mode.
The first low-temperature heat exchanger, the second low-temperature heat exchanger and the cold accumulator are communicated through low-temperature pipelines.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas side of the liquid storage tank, the first low temperature heat exchanger set and the compressor set are communicated with each other through a low temperature pipeline to form a low temperature air return channel. Therefore, the liquid air obtained by the liquid air energy storage system in the liquefaction process (namely the energy storage stage) is used as a working medium, the cold energy is released to the system again through the backflow in the expansion process (namely the energy release stage), the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium is recycled, and the cold energy is fed back to the liquefaction process, so that the aim of improving the efficiency of the whole system can be achieved by improving the efficiency of the cold accumulator; meanwhile, the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium is used for absorbing heat and recovering cold in a wide temperature zone, so that the use cost of the first low-temperature heat exchanger and the second low-temperature heat exchanger can be effectively reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the liquid air energy storage system provided by the invention adopts a single liquid precooling working medium in a wide temperature area, and the low-temperature heat exchanger is used as cold energy exchange equipment, so that a very small heat transfer temperature difference can be realized in the low-temperature heat exchanger, the loss in the heat transfer process is reduced, and the energy storage efficiency of the system is favorably improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic composition diagram of a low-temperature liquid air energy storage system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a liquid air energy storage system, which includes a compressor unit 10, a first cryogenic heat exchanger 20, a throttle valve 30, a liquid storage tank 40, a cryogenic pump 50, a second cryogenic heat exchanger 60, and an expander 70, which are sequentially connected in sequence, wherein the first cryogenic heat exchanger 20 and the second cryogenic heat exchanger 60 are connected by a cold accumulator 80 for storing a single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium, so as to form a channel through which the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium circularly flows, exchanges heat, and is stored in a liquid phase.
The compressor unit 10 includes a plurality of compressors 11 connected in series, and the expander unit 70 includes a plurality of expanders 71 connected in series. In this embodiment, the compressor 11 and the expander 71 are screw type, piston type, or centrifugal type.
In this embodiment, the first cryogenic heat exchanger 20 and the second cryogenic heat exchanger 60 are both fin-type cryogenic heat exchangers or wound-tube cryogenic heat exchangers. Therefore, the small temperature difference high-efficiency heat exchange can be realized by utilizing the large heat exchange areas of the first low-temperature heat exchanger 20 and the second low-temperature heat exchanger 60.
The cold accumulator 80 comprises a first storage tank 81 and a second storage tank 82, and the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium for storing cold in a sensible heat manner is stored in the first storage tank 81 and the second storage tank 82. In this embodiment, the first storage tank 81 and the second storage tank 82 are connected by a cryogenic pipe. Specifically, the first cryogenic heat exchanger 20, the first storage tank 81, the second storage tank 82 and the second cryogenic heat exchanger 60 are sequentially connected through a cryogenic pipeline, and thus the first cryogenic heat exchanger 20, the first storage tank 81, the second storage tank 82 and the second cryogenic heat exchanger 60 are communicated together to form a channel through which the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium circularly flows, exchanges heat with a liquid phase and is stored. Further, the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium can be made to flow between the first storage tank 81 and the second storage tank 82 by means of pump or nitrogen pressurization.
In this embodiment, the gas side of the liquid storage tank 80, the first cryogenic heat exchanger 20 and the compressor unit 10 are communicated through a cryogenic pipeline to form a cryogenic air return channel. Specifically, the cryogenic pipeline leads out cryogenic air from the gas side of the liquid storage tank 80, passes through the first cryogenic heat exchanger 20, and returns to the compressor package 10. Preferably, the cryogenic air is returned to the inlet of the third compressor in the compressor package 10. It can be understood that when the low-temperature air flows back through the first low-temperature heat exchanger 20, the high-pressure air can be cooled, so that the cold energy can be supplemented to the first low-temperature heat exchanger 20, and the heat exchange and cooling efficiency of the high-pressure air can be effectively improved.
It is understood that the operating state of the liquid air energy storage system includes a liquefaction process (i.e., an energy storage phase) and an expansion process (i.e., an energy release phase).
In the liquefaction process, a plurality of compressors 11 in the compressor unit 10 compress the external intake air and the return air to a high pressure step by step. The process needs to change the air state from high temperature and low pressure to low temperature and high pressure, the span of the temperature region is very large, the embodiment adopts a multi-element mixed working medium or a single working medium to pressurize and change the boiling point of the working medium, and the working medium needs to be ensured to be always kept in a liquid state in a normal temperature-liquid nitrogen temperature region without phase change when being selected, so that the cold energy is recovered and reused in a sensible heat mode.
The high-pressure air obtained by compression of the compressor unit 10 firstly enters the first low-temperature heat exchanger 20, is cooled by a single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium and the return air, then passes through the throttle valve 30 and is throttled to obtain liquid air, and the liquid air is stored in the liquid storage tank 40, and the gaseous air at the air side in the liquid storage tank 40 is used as the return air and passes through the first low-temperature heat exchanger 20 to supplement cold energy.
In the expansion process, liquid air in the liquid storage tank 40 is pressurized by the cryogenic pump 50 and enters the second cryogenic heat exchanger 60 for heat exchange, cold energy is released to the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium, and the cold energy is stored in a sensible heat mode; the high-pressure air passing through the second low-temperature heat exchanger 60 is heated by an external heat source, enters the plurality of expanders 71 of the expander unit 70 to be expanded step by step, outputs expansion work to the outside, and finally drives a generator (not shown) to generate power.
In this embodiment, the liquefaction process and the expansion process of the liquid air energy storage system are performed in a time-sharing manner. Specifically, during liquefaction, the cryogenic pump 50 and the expansion unit 70 are closed, the compressor unit 10 operates, and the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium flows in the first cryogenic heat exchanger 20 to release cold energy, so as to cool compressed air; during expansion, on the contrary, the compressor unit 10 is closed, the cryogenic pump 50 and the expander unit 70 work, liquid air in the liquid storage tank 40 is pressurized by the cryogenic pump 50 and enters the second cryogenic heat exchanger 60 for heat exchange, the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium flows in the second cryogenic heat exchanger 60 for storing cold, and high-pressure air is heated and enters the expander unit 70 for work through a heat source.
It will be appreciated that, since the time-sharing process is carried out with the interval rest, the liquid storage tank 40 for storing the liquid air should be kept warm to ensure the heat insulation from the outside as much as possible.
Compared with the prior art, the liquid air energy storage system provided by the invention adopts a single liquid precooling working medium in a wide temperature area, and the first low-temperature heat exchanger 20 and the second low-temperature heat exchanger 60 are used as cold exchange equipment, so that a very small heat transfer temperature difference can be realized in the first low-temperature heat exchanger 20 and the second low-temperature heat exchanger 60, the loss in the heat transfer process is reduced, and the energy storage efficiency of the system is favorably improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A liquid air energy storage system is characterized by comprising a compressor unit, a first low-temperature heat exchanger, a throttle valve, a liquid storage tank, a low-temperature pump, a second low-temperature heat exchanger and an expansion unit which are sequentially connected, wherein the first low-temperature heat exchanger and the second low-temperature heat exchanger are connected through a cold accumulator for storing a single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium to form a channel for the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium to circularly flow, exchange heat and store in a liquid phase; the cold accumulator comprises a first storage tank and a second storage tank, the first low-temperature heat exchanger, the first storage tank, the second storage tank and the second low-temperature heat exchanger are sequentially connected through a low-temperature pipeline, and the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium flows between the first storage tank and the second storage tank through pressurization of a pump or nitrogen; the liquid-phase temperature zone of the liquid precooling working medium is 300K-77K;
the precooling working medium first storage tank and the precooling working medium second storage tank are both single storage tanks, and the first low-temperature heat exchanger and the second low-temperature heat exchanger are both single heat exchangers;
the gas side of the liquid storage tank, the first low-temperature heat exchanger set and the compressor set are communicated through a low-temperature pipeline to form a low-temperature air backflow channel; the low-temperature pipeline leads out low-temperature air from the gas side of the liquid storage tank, and the low-temperature air returns to the compressor unit after passing through the first low-temperature heat exchanger;
the first low-temperature heat exchanger, the second low-temperature heat exchanger and the cold accumulator are communicated through low-temperature pipelines, and the liquefaction process and the expansion process of the liquid air energy storage system are carried out in a time-sharing manner;
in the liquefaction process, a plurality of compressors in the compressor unit compress outside intake air and return air to high pressure step by step, high-pressure air obtained by compression of the compressor unit firstly enters a first low-temperature heat exchanger, is cooled by a single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium and the return air, is throttled by the throttle valve to obtain liquid air, and is stored in the liquid storage tank, and gaseous air on the air side in the liquid storage tank is used as the return air and passes through the first low-temperature heat exchanger to supplement cold energy;
in the expansion process, liquid air in the liquid storage tank is pressurized by the cryogenic pump, enters the second cryogenic heat exchanger for heat exchange, releases cold energy to the single-temperature-zone liquid precooling working medium, stores the cold energy in a sensible heat mode, heats high-pressure air passing through the second cryogenic heat exchanger by an external heat source, enters the multiple expanders of the expander set for gradual expansion, outputs expansion work outwards, and finally drives the generator to generate power.
2. The liquid air energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the compressor unit comprises a plurality of compressors connected in series and the expander unit comprises a plurality of expanders connected in series.
3. The liquid air energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the single-temperature zone liquid pre-cooling working medium stores refrigeration in the form of sensible heat.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610076382.5A CN105736056B (en) | 2016-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | Liquid air energy storage system |
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| CN201610076382.5A CN105736056B (en) | 2016-02-03 | 2016-02-03 | Liquid air energy storage system |
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| CN105736056B true CN105736056B (en) | 2021-10-26 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106123423B (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-03-08 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of low-temperature cold accumulation system and method |
| CN107542649A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-05 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Cryogenic high pressure liquid air energy-storage system |
| CN110260148A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-20 | 四川泰博流体科技有限公司 | A kind of storage facilities of liquid air, method and air liquefying apparatus |
| CN111486479B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-08-24 | 东南大学 | Dual-fuel ship power system based on liquid air energy storage and use method thereof |
| CN112254369A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Liquid air energy storage system adopting absorption type air inlet precooling |
| CN112254374A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Cold-hot steam-electricity combined supply comprehensive energy system |
| CN116241795A (en) * | 2023-01-28 | 2023-06-09 | 中科富海(杭州)气体工程科技有限公司 | Device capable of stably storing air of liquid instrument |
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| US20150240654A1 (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-08-27 | Mada Energie Llc | Solar power and liquid air energy storage systems, methods, and devices |
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| CN102758689A (en) * | 2012-07-29 | 2012-10-31 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Ultra-supercritical air energy storage/release system |
| CN105114138A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-02 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Low-temperature energy storage power generation system and running method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20230718 Address after: Building 2, No. 18 Lishi Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010 Patentee after: Zhonglv Zhongke energy storage Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 29 East Zhongguancun Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190 Patentee before: TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |
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