CN105718978A - QR code generation method and apparatus, and decoding method and apparatus - Google Patents
QR code generation method and apparatus, and decoding method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a QR code generation method and apparatus, and a decoding method. The QR code generation method comprises the steps of encrypting a QR code to be generated and obtaining encryption data; generating a first module matrix corresponding to the encryption data; and transforming the first module matrix to obtain a second module matrix. The QR code decoding method comprises the steps of transforming a first matrix module obtained by recognizing a QR code to be decoded to obtain a second matrix module; decoding the second matrix module to obtain first data; and decrypting the first data to obtain second data represented by the QR code to be decoded. The invention can be used for improving the QR security.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer realm, quickly respond the generation method of (QuickResponse, referred to as QR) code, device and coding/decoding method, device in particular to one.
Background technology
Quick Response Code is widely used in every profession and trade, owing to it has information memory capacity greatly, represents that information is various, and reliability is high waits by force remarkable advantage with security and antiforge purpose, compensate for many restrictions of bar code.Constituting according to bar code graphics and classify, Quick Response Code is generally divided into matrix form and stack.
QR code is a kind of Quick Response Code that current application is relatively broad, belongs to matrix two-dimensional code.The information that current QR code comprises is more and more extensive, and any one QR code all can be identified program and decode data, the problem that thus there is data information security aspect.QR code is bringing acquisition of information simultaneously easily, and data cannot be guaranteed safely.If the information that QR code comprises is extremely important, and allows recognizer cannot directly solve data message again, it is therefore necessary to QR code is realized various safe handling.
For the problem of the safety how improving QR code in correlation technique, effective solution is not yet proposed at present.
Summary of the invention
For the problem of the safety of QR code, the invention provides a kind of generation method of QR code, device and coding/decoding method, device, at least to solve the problems referred to above.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is provided a kind of generation method of QR code, including: the data of QR code to be generated are encrypted and obtain ciphertext data；Generate the first modular matrix that described ciphertext data are corresponding；Described first modular matrix is carried out conversion and obtains the second modular matrix.
Alternatively, described first modular matrix is carried out conversion and obtains the second modular matrix, including: utilize the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR and obtain the second modular matrix.
Alternatively, previously generate described three module matrix, including: obtain the size of described first modular matrix；Utilize the three module matrix that the data genaration preset is identical with the size of described first modular matrix.
Alternatively, described described first modular matrix is carried out after conversion obtains the second modular matrix, also includes: described second modular matrix is carried out mask process.
According to another aspect of the present invention, it is provided that the coding/decoding method of a kind of QR code, including: the first matrix module that QR code identification to be decoded is obtained carries out conversion and obtains the second matrix module；It is decoded obtaining the first data to described second matrix module；Described first data are decrypted the second data obtained represented by described QR code to be decoded.
Alternatively, described the first matrix module that QR code identification to be decoded is obtained carries out conversion and obtains the second matrix module, including: utilize the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR and obtain the second modular matrix.
According to a further aspect of the invention, it is provided that the generation device of a kind of QR code, including: encrypting module, obtain ciphertext data for the data of QR code to be generated are encrypted；First generation module, for generating the first modular matrix that described ciphertext data are corresponding；Conversion module, obtains the second modular matrix for described first modular matrix is carried out conversion.
Alternatively, described conversion module, obtain the second modular matrix for utilizing the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR.
Alternatively, said apparatus also includes:
3rd generation module, for obtaining the size of described first modular matrix, utilizes the three module matrix that the data genaration preset is identical with the size of described first modular matrix.
Alternatively, said apparatus also includes: processing module, and described second modular matrix is carried out mask process.
According to a further aspect of the invention, it is provided that the decoding device of a kind of QR code, including conversion module, the first matrix module for QR code identification to be decoded obtained carries out conversion and obtains the second matrix module；Decoder module, for being decoded obtaining the first data to described second matrix module；Deciphering module, for being decrypted the second data obtained represented by described QR code to be decoded to described first data.
Alternatively, described conversion module, obtain the second modular matrix for utilizing the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR.
Pass through the present invention, data for QR code to be generated, first it is encrypted and obtains ciphertext data, ensure that the safety of data, then code data is encoded obtaining the modular matrix of ciphertext data, and the modular matrix of ciphertext data is converted, obtain the modular matrix of encryption, further ensure the safety of data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of the application, and the schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, is not intended that inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the generation method of QR code according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart generating device of QR code according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the coding/decoding method of QR code according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of the decoding device of QR code according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the generation process flow schematic diagram of the QR code of optional example according to embodiments of the present invention；And
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the data structure related in the generation process of the QR code of optional example according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing and describe the present invention in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.It should be noted that when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can be mutually combined.
In the examples below, first, second and similar description do not limit sequencing, only for distinguishing different objects.Additionally, can be expected that the method in following example and device can be realized by computer program, such computer program can run in the equipment comprising processor, memorizer, it is also possible to being performed on distributed platform, this is not limited by the present invention.
An aspect according to embodiments of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of generation method of QR code and device.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the generation method of QR code according to embodiments of the present invention, as it is shown in figure 1, the method comprising the steps of 101 to step 103:
The data of QR code to be generated are encrypted and obtain ciphertext data by step 101；
Step 102, generates the first modular matrix that described ciphertext data are corresponding；
Step 103, carries out conversion to described first modular matrix and obtains the second modular matrix.
In an optional embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, described first modular matrix is converted and obtains the second modular matrix and may include that utilizing the three module matrix that previously generates and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR obtains the second modular matrix by above-mentioned steps 103.In this optional embodiment, three module matrix may be considered the modular matrix that the first modular matrix plays encryption effect.
Further, in an optional embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned previously generates described three module matrix, it is possible to including: obtain the size of described first modular matrix；Utilize the three module matrix that the data genaration preset is identical with the size of described first modular matrix.In this optional embodiment, above-mentioned default data may be considered the data that the first modular matrix is encrypted.By this optional embodiment so that three module matrix and the first modular matrix size are identical, consequently facilitating carry out XOR.
Certainly, in embodiments of the present invention, three module matrix can also with the varying in size of the first modular matrix.
In an optional embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, described first modular matrix is carried out after conversion obtains the second modular matrix by above-mentioned steps 103, it is also possible to including: described second modular matrix is carried out mask process.By this embodiment, it is possible to make modular matrix black and white module have uniform distribution.
In embodiments of the present invention, as an example, it can be not elongated encryption method that the data of QR code to be generated are encrypted in above-mentioned steps 101 cipher mode adopted, say, that the length before and after data encryption is consistent.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart generating device of QR code according to embodiments of the present invention, as in figure 2 it is shown, this device specifically includes that encrypting module 210, obtains ciphertext data for the data of QR code to be generated are encrypted；First generation module 220, is connected with encrypting module 210, for generating the first modular matrix that described ciphertext data are corresponding；Conversion module 230, is connected with the first generation module 220, obtains the second modular matrix for described first modular matrix is carried out conversion.
In an optional embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned conversion module 230, obtain the second modular matrix for utilizing the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR.
In an optional embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, said apparatus also includes: the second generation module, it is connected with conversion module 230, for obtaining the size of described first modular matrix, utilizes the three module matrix that the data genaration preset is identical with the size of described first modular matrix.
In addition, in an optional embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, said apparatus also includes: processing module, is connected with conversion module 230, for described first modular matrix being carried out after conversion obtains the second modular matrix, described second modular matrix is carried out mask process.
Another aspect according to embodiments of the present invention, it is provided that the coding/decoding method of a kind of QR code and device.The decoding of this QR code is corresponding with the generation of aforementioned QR code.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the coding/decoding method of QR code according to embodiments of the present invention, as it is shown on figure 3, the method comprising the steps of 301 to step 303:
Step 301, the first matrix module that QR code identification to be decoded is obtained carries out conversion and obtains the second matrix module；
Step 302, is decoded obtaining the first data to described second matrix module；
Described first data are decrypted the second data obtained represented by described QR code to be decoded by step 303.
Alternatively, generation with aforesaid QR code is corresponding, the first matrix module that QR code identification to be decoded obtains is carried out conversion and obtains the second matrix module by step 301, it is possible to including: utilizes the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR and obtains the second modular matrix.
Decoding is the reverse process generated, and does not repeat them here for the part identical with aforementioned generation process.
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of the decoding device of QR code according to embodiments of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 4, this device specifically includes that conversion module 410, and the first matrix module for QR code identification to be decoded is obtained carries out conversion and obtains the second matrix module；Decoder module 420, is connected with conversion module 410, for being decoded obtaining the first data to described second matrix module；Deciphering module 430, is connected with decoder module 420, for described first data are decrypted the second data obtained represented by described QR code to be decoded.
Alternatively, conversion module 410, obtain the second modular matrix for utilizing the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR.
Decoding is the reverse process generated, and does not repeat them here for the part identical with aforementioned generation process.
Below an optional example of the embodiment of the present invention is described.
Embodiments provide a kind of safer QR code generating method so that the QR code of generation only when known generation method and key could successfully decoded, otherwise recognizer cannot solve data.
In embodiments of the present invention, use AES that clear data is encrypted on the one hand, on the other hand the data module matrix generated is carried out chaotic process, make cannot pass through error correction method when normal error correction, thus reaching to decode the purpose of output, form the secondary security system in the safe link of data.Readability is to ensure that the attribute character of QR code book body can not be changed, and any available recognition methods can acquisition module matrix and parameter information.
For ensureing safety and readability, the safe QR code of secondary generates basic procedure such as Fig. 5.As it is shown in figure 5, AES uses key Key1 that clear data is encrypted, generate ciphertext QR code modular matrix C.Use key Key2, generate QR code K.QR code C and K is made the XOR of data coding region module again, obtains transformation matrix, ultimately generate safe QR code S.S code cannot be decoded output by common Q R code recognizer, could correctly solve clear data when only knowing two keys, and this process allows has had enough guarantees in safety.Being the process to QR Ma Zhong data encoding district module in whole ciphering process, the finger URL of QR code, parameter information module does not change, thus ensureing that cognitive phase will not be subject to data encryption conversion and cannot be carried out.In decoding process such as Fig. 5 shown in dotted line process, it is the inverse process generated.Safe QR code S makes module XOR with the QR code matrix of well-known key Key2 after removing mask, generates another modular matrix and ciphertext matrix, uses key Key1 deciphering to obtain clear data after ciphertext matrix is decoded.
Below the scheme of this example is described in detail.
One, encipherment scheme
The encryption of clear data uses and adopts Rijindael symmetric encipherment algorithm, this algorithm is by Belgium's mathematician VincentRijimen and JoanDaemen exploitation, its key length can be 128,192 or 256, make it than DES more healthy and stronger reliably, simultaneously the transmutability of key length allows to select safer key length according to different data volumes.
Rijindael algorithm is block encryption, to the data block adding ciphertext data and being divided into by key length equal length, then enters iterative cryptographic conversion.If ciphertext data divide last not enough block length, filling data can be added so that last ciphertext length can more than or equal to length of the plaintext.Owing to Rijindael algorithm secret key length is all relatively larger so that ciphertext length and length of the plaintext gap can be indefinite, and maximum difference has more than 30 byte.So when the last block length of clear data curtailment, if during the data volume that a certain version of QR code is closed on or reached to this data volume and error correction can be held, so may result in ciphertext data volume to increase, and needed for making the QR code that must generate, version can be higher than version expressly.This selection of QR code version after plain text encryption brings uncertainty, and QR code version needs fixing in some cases.For avoiding this problem, adopt the not elongated encryption method of one so that ciphertext length keeps consistent with length of the plaintext.
When length is more than a block length and when not being the plaintext of block length integral multiple, the clear portion of its integral multiple is once encrypted, then takes ciphertext decline byte so that it is be connected less than the part of a packet with expressly last, form a block length.Fig. 6 is the processes using 128 keys one length of encryption of Rijindael algorithm to be 25 bytes plaintexts.
As shown in Figure 6, the length of be-encrypted data is 25 bytes.After first whole group (1～16 yard) encryption, the ciphertext of intercepting the 10th～16 yard is encrypted with afterbody (17～25 yards) composition one whole group, after encryption gained ciphertext is connected on the 9th password of previous group.Wherein, the 10th～16 yard has actually carried out secondary encryption, also should carry out secondary deciphering when deciphering.This scheme ensure that on the one hand with 128 block encryptions, and in turn ensure that after encryption, data length will not change simultaneously.Decrypting process is then be decrypted operation in a reverse order, then can obtain corresponding plaintext.
For ensureing the plaintext less than Rijindael symmetric encipherment algorithm minimum key length, namely less than the safety of the data of 16 bytes, adopting DES symmetric encipherment algorithm, its key length is 64.Where like adopting not elongated cipher mode.
Two, ciphertext QR code generates
QR code generates can based on " ISO_IEC-18004-2006 " coding rule, and this method encipherment scheme is to realize on generation step basis.
First, according to clear data length and type, such as numeral, character or byte, and error-correction level judges required version.Owing to ciphertext is binary data stream, QR code sign coding mode can only select " octet pattern ".Therefore no matter itself being expressly which kind of type, coding adopts " octet pattern " to determine the QR code version that can hold data volume too.
Secondly, different key length is selected according to QR code version.Rijindael algorithm is a kind of block encryption mode, uses not elongated encryption method proposed above, it is ensured that the QR code version of ciphertext is with expressly consistent.Simultaneously, it is possible to increase according to clear data amount and select longer key, to ensure safety.In the QR version corresponding relation with maximum data information capacity, it is 14,11,7 respectively that " octet pattern " 1 version error correction can hold byte when being M, Q, H；It is 14 that 2 version error correction can hold byte when being H.Their byte length is respectively less than Rijindael algorithm secret key minimum length 128, for ensureing that cipher-text versions does not promote as far as possible, adopts des encryption method under these Parameter Conditions.Wherein 1 version H error correction capability only has 7 bytes, and DES is at least 8 bytes, then uses 2 versions in the case.
For other versions, three kinds of length keys being divided into different editions interval: 2 to 13 versions use 128 keys, 14 to 27 versions use 192 keys, and 28 to 40 versions use 256 keys.
Finally, ciphertext data are generated ciphertext modular matrix according to coding rule.According to QR code coding rule, use " 8 byte mode " that ciphertext is carried out data encoding.Generate the error correction code word of requirement according to level of error correction, and join in data encoding.Carry out module array with matrix format again, form ciphertext modular matrix.At this moment the module position of format information is not filled, and does not do mask process.
Three, ciphertext modular matrix conversion
Encryption to data clear text is the safety assurance of the first step, i.e. data safety guarantee in the present invention.So that the QR code generated cannot decode acquisition ciphertext data when using general solution coded program, adopt a kind of method that modular matrix converts that the error correction link in decoding cannot be passed through, and its error correction link cannot by time decoding program will not continue to decode, from without exporting this decoded result.
Method is to select given data string one section suitable, as the key of matrixing, then generates process also according to ciphertext modular matrix, generates the modular matrix of this section of key, and line mask of going forward side by side operates, and generates final QR code modular matrix.When data encoding, the selection of pattern can be any, it is not necessary to specifies and uses " 8 byte mode ", can determine according to key data form；Error correction is also not necessarily identical with ciphertext QR.Thus the generation of cipher key module matrix is exactly the complete generation process of QR code.
The cipher key module matrix of generation and ciphertext modular matrix are made XOR.Matrix module is divided into two kinds of colors " black " and " white " on image, and on data representation, each module is exactly a bit, and " black " represents 1, and " white " represents 0.The XOR of two matrix modules is exactly the XOR of Bit data on correspondence position, and the XOR result obtained forms conversion module matrix.
Owing to being two-dimensional matrix, it is necessary to do the XOR on correspondence position, therefore the modular matrix of alternate key is identical with ciphertext modular matrix size, namely identical with QR code version when generating ciphertext matrix.So key data length can be held within the scope of data volume at corresponding QR code version, if it exceeds capacity then can cause that version promotes so that two modular matrixs are not of uniform size to be caused, it is impossible to carry out XOR.Here proposing several and selecting key data and the rule of the process of generation, these rules are to ensure that the transformation matrix after finishing XOR differs farther out with ciphertext matrix as far as possible so that cannot pass through directly to decode error correction.
In this example, error correction version can select minimum version, allows data information portion take maximum area, error correction station small part in matrix module.The capacity that key data amount reaches as far as possible with this version and error correction reach is equal so that cipher key module matrix layout is more chaotic.The modular matrix generated needs to do mask process so that cipher key matrix black and white module has uniform distribution.
After XOR obtains conversion module matrix, according to QR create-rule, to this conversion module matrix, select mask pattern, and do mask process, then format information module (version when including coding ciphertext data and error correction, mask number), finger URL is placed in assigned position.Thus ultimately generate the safe QR code of secondary through encryption and conversion.
In this example, clear data is encrypted by data encryption the not elongated encryption method of use, it is achieved that the first time of data safety ensures.Ciphertext generates data encoding based on QR code coding rule according to version and error correction and adds the modular matrix of Error Correction of Coding.Use another key to generate QR code matrix to do the block transforms of XOR with it and process so that finally modular matrix when being made directly error correction due to through conversion process, it is impossible to complete error correction.When cipher key module matrix generates, QR code version keeps consistent with the version generating ciphertext module, so just can do the XOR on correspondence position when doing matrix XOR.The data being simultaneously generated key QR code need to follow certain principle, and during the decoding of guarantee final QR code, direct error correction will not be passed through.
As can be seen from the above description, present invention achieves following technique effect: generating QR code method and have reliable safety assurance, plain text encryption makes data itself be provided with very strong safety.Ciphertext modular matrix conversion simultaneously so that normal decoder will not export result, has and refuses to read safety.Adding safe handling in QR code generation process, the feature and the parameter information that generate QR code are not destroyed.Therefore can quickly be applied on existing QR code generating method and recognition methods basis, it does not have bring the more costs in transformation.Apply not elongated encryption method in a symmetric encryption algorithm so that ciphertext QR code keeps and is called QR code formed objects, will not need the situation that version changes during application again.When former QR code size is constant, safety obtains enhancing.Existing QR code will not such as printed, identification is increasing any impact.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, each module of the above-mentioned present invention or each step can realize with general calculation element, they can concentrate on single calculation element, or it is distributed on the network that multiple calculation element forms, alternatively, they can realize with the executable program code of calculation element, thus, can be stored in storage device is performed by calculation element, and in some cases, shown or described step can be performed with the order being different from herein, or they are fabricated to respectively each integrated circuit modules, or the multiple modules in them or step are fabricated to single integrated circuit module realize.So, the present invention is not restricted to the combination of any specific hardware and software.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. the generation method of a QR code, it is characterised in that including:
The data of QR code to be generated are encrypted and obtain ciphertext data；
Generate the first modular matrix that described ciphertext data are corresponding；
Described first modular matrix is carried out conversion and obtains the second modular matrix.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described first modular matrix is carried out conversion and obtains the second modular matrix, including:
Utilize the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR and obtain the second modular matrix.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that previously generate described three module matrix, including:
Obtain the size of described first modular matrix；
Utilize the three module matrix that the data genaration preset is identical with the size of described first modular matrix.
4. according to the method in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described described first modular matrix is carried out after conversion obtains the second modular matrix, also includes:
Described second modular matrix is carried out mask process.
5. the coding/decoding method of a QR code, it is characterised in that including:
The first matrix module that QR code identification to be decoded is obtained carries out conversion and obtains the second matrix module；
It is decoded obtaining the first data to described second matrix module；
Described first data are decrypted the second data obtained represented by described QR code to be decoded.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described the first matrix module that QR code identification to be decoded is obtained carries out conversion and obtains the second matrix module, including:
Utilize the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR and obtain the second modular matrix.
7. the generation device of a QR code, it is characterised in that including:
Encrypting module, obtains ciphertext data for the data of QR code to be generated are encrypted；
First generation module, for generating the first modular matrix that described ciphertext data are corresponding；
Conversion module, obtains the second modular matrix for described first modular matrix is carried out conversion.
8. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described conversion module, obtains the second modular matrix for utilizing the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR.
9. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that also include:
Second generation module, for obtaining the size of described first modular matrix, utilizes the three module matrix that the data genaration preset is identical with the size of described first modular matrix.
10. the device according to any one of claim 7 to 10, it is characterised in that also include:
Processing module, for, before generating the QR code that described second modular matrix is corresponding, carrying out mask process to described second modular matrix.
11. the decoding device of a QR code, it is characterised in that including:
Conversion module, the first matrix module for QR code identification to be decoded is obtained carries out conversion and obtains the second matrix module；
Decoder module, for being decoded obtaining the first data to described second matrix module；
Deciphering module, for being decrypted the second data obtained represented by described QR code to be decoded to described first data.
12. device according to claim 11, it is characterised in that described conversion module, obtain the second modular matrix for utilizing the three module matrix previously generated and described first modular matrix to carry out XOR.
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| CN105718978B (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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