CN105626027B - A kind of physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing - Google Patents
A kind of physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105626027B CN105626027B CN201510977233.1A CN201510977233A CN105626027B CN 105626027 B CN105626027 B CN 105626027B CN 201510977233 A CN201510977233 A CN 201510977233A CN 105626027 B CN105626027 B CN 105626027B
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- coal petrography
- directional well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing, step are as follows：Coal petrography material is chosen according to the plane of weakness development characteristics of coal petrography in simulated formation, and is processed into coal petrography block；Directional well simulation wellbore hole is prepared according to the hole angle of simulated formation directional well well；Coal petrography block is coated using water barrier, simultaneous selection integument carries out outside to the coal petrography block for having coated water barrier and poured, and forms coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen；Directional well simulation well and level trough, and cementation directional well simulation wellbore hole are drilled through on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen；The fracturing fluid containing proppant is prepared, the fracturing fluid is full of in directional well simulation wellbore hole；Simulated experiment is carried out to coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen using true triaxial fracturing system；Hydraulic fracture is observed in the steering expanded configuration of nearly pit shaft and the moving distribution feature of proppant.The physical simulating method of the present invention is simple to operate, and accuracy is high, meets actual hydraulic fracturing situation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal petrography gas reservoir development technical field, and in particular to a kind of physics mould of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing
Plan method.
Background technology
The coal petrography gas reservoir aboundresources in China, have a very wide distribution, Exploitation Potential it is huge.Coal petrography has low-porosity and hypotonic
The characteristics of saturating rate, to the such unconventional coal petrography gas reservoir of Efficient Development, then need to use hydraulic fracturing technology just to obtain on a large scale
Obtain industrial gas.In order to increase the discouraged area of coal petrography gas reservoir, reducing fate and move resistance, generally use directional well pressure break is exploited,
So as to improve the recovery ratio of coal petrography gas, higher economic flow rate is obtained.
In directional well fracturing process, the steering expanded configuration in nearly pit shaft crack and the moving distribution characteristic relation of proppant
The success rate constructed to the effective percentage of hydraulic fracture and hydraulic fracturing, directly affect the exploitation rate and economy of follow-up coal petrography gas reservoir
Benefit.People just actively seek to characterize the steering extension mechanical mechanism in nearly pit shaft crack and the migration rule of proppant at present, but
Deviate reality mostly, it is little to field operation directive significance.And calculating analysis, analog result are carried out by numerical simulation mostly
Accuracy lack experimental verification；Also some prepare artificial test specimen using concrete and simulated, but this test specimen has
There is homogenieity, the coal petrography developed with intrinsic fracture and hugger has significant difference in mechanical property, can not accurate simulation waterpower
Crack nearly near wellbore and natural plane of weakness interference effect, also can not real simulation directional well pressure break expand in the crack of nearly pit shaft
Spread state and the proppant regularity of distribution.Therefore, it is badly in need of developing a kind of physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing.
Application publication number is that CN104060976A patent of invention discloses one kind to different well type perforation wellbore section water
The physical simulating method split is forced, is comprised the following steps：Operating simulation pit shaft, and preforation tunnel is arranged on well bore wall；By mould
Intend in the prefabricated test specimen to artificial cores of pit shaft, hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment is carried out using true triaxial fracturing system；See
Examine the hydraulic fracture expanded configuration at the preforation tunnel on the simulation wellbore hole borehole wall.The technical scheme prepares homogenieity using concrete
Artificial cores, there is very big difference in its mechanical property, and do not add sand in fracturing fluid with natural core, therefore the waterpower simulated
The expanded configuration of fracturing fracture does not meet actual conditions.
Application publication number is that CN102279131A patent of invention discloses a kind of simulation experiment method of coal seam hydraulic fracture,
Comprise the following steps：According to the intrinsic fracture morphological feature of coal petrography in wanted simulated formation, choose coal petrography material and be processed into block；
Selection integument forms imitation specimen to being poured outside block；Prepare fracturing fluid；Utilize true triaxial fracturing system pair
Imitation specimen carries out fracturing experiments, obtains hydraulic fracture form and the image information of fracturing fluid felt area.The technical scheme is coal
The pressure break physical simulation experiment of rock straight well, and coal petrography directly contacts with integument in fracturing fluid not plus sand, and this will cause coal petrography
The water run into integument expands coal petrography, so that analog result is inaccurate.
The content of the invention
To solve problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of physical analogy of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing
Method, it comprises the following steps according to sequencing：
Step 1：The plane of weakness development characteristics of coal petrography in simulated formation are wanted in analysis, and coal petrography material is chosen according to analysis result,
And coal petrography material is processed into coal petrography block；
Step 2：Directional well simulation wellbore hole is prepared according to the hole angle of simulated formation directional well well；
Step 3：Coal petrography block is coated using water barrier, simultaneous selection integument is to having coated the coal of water barrier
Rock mass carries out outside and poured, and forms coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen；
Step 4：After layer consolidation to be wrapped, directional well simulation well, while basis are drilled through on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen
The azimuth of simulated formation drills through level trough on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen, and directional well simulation wellbore hole is cemented in into directional well mould
Intend in well and level trough；
Step 5：The fracturing fluid containing proppant and tracer is prepared, the fracturing fluid is full of in directional well simulation wellbore hole；
Step 6：Coal petrography is carried out using true triaxial fracturing system to the coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen full of fracturing fluid to determine
To well sand fracturing physical simulation experiment；
Step 7：Steering expanded configuration and branch of the hydraulic fracture in nearly pit shaft during observation coal petrography directional well sand fracturing
Support the moving distribution feature of agent.
The coal petrography material as simulated experiment of selection should be close with the feature of the actual coal petrography in underground, generally choose shallow-layer
Coal mining go out not by the coal petrography of weathering.
The plane of weakness of coal petrography includes the discontinuous discontinuity surfaces such as bed plane, end hugger, face cleat and intrinsic fracture.The plane of weakness of coal petrography
Development characteristics are mainly reflected in the spatial relationship of plane of weakness occurrence and reservoir stress direction.The bed plane and plane-parallel of coal petrography
Or less parallel；The face cleat of coal petrography and end hugger is vertical with bed plane or friendship suddenly.Hugger development is held between two face cleats,
Intrinsic fracture is developed at random, these development planes of weakness spatially complete a business transaction into it is solid netted, by Rock and coal cutting into it is a series of tiltedly
Square substrate block.
Preferably, in the step 1, during coal petrography material is processed into coal petrography block, bed plane, end hugger
It is parallel with coal petrography block surface with face cleat.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the coal petrography block is square shape, and its length of side is 300mm.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, in the step 2, directional well simulation wellbore hole is auxiliary including being sequentially communicated
Help vertical section simulation wellbore hole, subsidiary level section simulation wellbore hole and tilting section simulation wellbore hole.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the external diameter of the directional well simulation wellbore hole be 16-18mm, internal diameter 10-
12mm。
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the length of the additional vertical section simulation wellbore hole is 15-25mm, described auxiliary
The length for helping horizontal segment simulation wellbore hole is 50mm.The length of tilting section simulation wellbore hole changes according to the difference of directional well gradient.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, in the step 3, integument is mortar, and its thickness is 50-70mm.Coal
Rock is more crisp, is easily broken, and during confined pressure is loaded, can damage coal petrography, lead to not smoothly apply confined pressure, so as to influence
Analog result.The material of integument should select with all material property similar in material, to prevent Material property differences excessive
Cause result error.Coal petrography block is uniformly poured using integument, then places 15-20 days, natural air drying, now wraps
The intensity of covering layer is higher and uniform.
Before integument is poured, coal petrography block is uniformly coated using water barrier, prevents coal petrography block and integument
In liquid directly contact.If coal petrography block contacts with liquid, cause coal petrography block to expand, and then influence analog result.Every
Aluminium foil, plastic film and other material may be selected in water layer.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the mortar is by quartz sand, cement, clay and land plaster according to 4:4:1:
1 volume ratio mixes.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen is square shape, and its length of side is
400-440mm。
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, in the step 4, directional well is drilled through on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen
The method for simulating well is to prepare inclined support panel according to the hole angle of simulated formation directional well well；By coal petrography pressure break thing mould
Test specimen is placed on inclined support panel；Bored in drilling through for coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen on surface along with the direction of horizontal plane
Directional well is taken to simulate well.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the inclined support panel includes base, tilts backing plate and supports backing plate.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the inclination angle for tilting backing plate is equal to simulated formation directional well well
Hole angle.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the initial end of the directional well simulation well is to be tried with coal petrography pressure break thing mould
The central point that part drills through surface is the center of circle, using the length of subsidiary level section simulation wellbore hole as any point on the circumference of radius.
The selection of the directional well simulation initial end position of well is very crucial, it is impossible to will as the simulated experiment of vertical well fracture
The initial end of simulation well is chosen at the center of thing mould surface of test piece.
The initial end for the directional well simulation well that the present invention chooses, it can be ensured that Open-Hole Section is located at coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen
Center, can so obtain enough hydraulic fracture extended areas, make crack extension it is more abundant, more tally with the actual situation,
Contribute to comparative simulation result simultaneously, reduce error, make analog result more true and reliable.If Open-Hole Section deviates coal petrography pressure break thing mould
The center of test specimen, then hydraulic fracture cannot fully extend, the friendship of coal petrography block and integument is just expanded in the short time
Interface, error is larger, analog result distortion, does not meet actual pressure break situation.
Because during directional well simulation well is drilled through, directional well simulation wellbore hole easily generates heat, and causes simulation wellbore hole
It is impaired, it is therefore desirable to by the way of repeatedly drilling through, to need to unload simulation wellbore hole after often drilling through a small distance, treat that simulation wellbore hole is cold
But continue to drill through afterwards.Can by the way of natural cooling cooling s imulation pit shaft, can also put it into water and cool down, but cool down after
Reused after need to simulation wellbore hole be dried, to prevent coal petrography block from expanding deformation or water along the leakage of coal petrography plane of weakness after running into water
Losing influences coal petrography property.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, a diameter of 19-21mm of the directional well simulation well.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, Open-Hole Section is reserved in the lower end of the directional well simulation well, and its length is
30-50mm。
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the Open-Hole Section is centrally located in the coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen
Heart position.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, in the step 4, the length of level trough is 50mm, depth 19-
21mm。
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, place subsidiary level section simulation wellbore hole in the level trough, its one end with
The lower end connection of additional vertical section simulation wellbore hole, the other end connect with the initial end of directional well simulation well.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, in the step 4, using AB silica gel by directional well simulation wellbore hole cementation
Simulated in directional well in well and level trough, the cementation time is 8-10h.To ensure uniformly to apply in simulated experiment confined pressure, filling
AB silica gel in level trough must drill through flush with coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, in the step 5, coal petrography directional well sand fracturing physics mould is being carried out
It is to drain directional well, it is necessary to which the fracturing fluid containing proppant is filled into directional well simulation wellbore hole and Open-Hole Section before draft experiment
Air in simulation wellbore hole and Open-Hole Section, so as to avoid that the phenomenon that excessively builds the pressure is caused in fracturing process.
Fracturing fluid is made up of water, guar gum, fluorescent material and proppant, and fluorescent material and proppant carry color, with coal petrography block
The color of body substantially distinguishes.Fluorescent material is used for crack initiation and the expanded configuration for observing hydraulic fracture as tracer.Coal petrography pressure break
Afterwards, proppant is distributed in crack, can be supported migration characteristics of the agent in crack by the distribution of proppant.
Fracturing experiments use the large scale true triaxial fracturing system of China University Of Petroleum Beijing's independent development, and the system includes
Servo pressure charging system, stabilizing hydraulic pressure source, Acoustic radiating instrument, oil water separator and true triaxial core test stand.Additional vertical section is simulated
The well head of pit shaft upper end uses thread seal interface, and the interface is connected by pipeline with the fracturing fluid inlet and outlet of oil water separator.
Stabilizing hydraulic pressure source applies pressure to three direction in spaces of thing mould test specimen, and for simulating three-dimensional crustal stress, three-dimensional crustal stress takes
Value is different, and the crustal stress of all directions is in the range of 0-30MPa.Servo pressure charging system controls oil water separator, and will pressure
Split in liquid injection directional well simulation wellbore hole.For vertical crustal stress,For horizontal maximum crustal stress,Minimally should to be horizontal
Power.
The physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention, simple to operate, accuracy is high, meets actual pressure
Situation is split, compared with artificiality mould test specimen, the hugger, intrinsic fracture and waterpower that can more accurately simulate true coal petrography reservoir split
The petrophysical properties such as seam.Because coal petrography is more crisp and is easily broken, fracture development, intensity is relatively low, therefore by outside coal petrography
Integument is poured to improve intensity.In addition water barrier is added between coal petrography and integument, to avoid coal petrography from directly being contacted with water
Coal petrography is caused to expand, it is ensured that analog result is true and reliable.The physical simulating method provides base for live coal petrography directional well pressure break
Plinth data and theoretical reference are also sign hydraulic fracture in the steering expansion process of nearly pit shaft and the moving distribution feature of proppant
Lay a good foundation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the technique according to a preferred embodiment of the physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention
Flow chart；
Fig. 2 is the coal according to the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 of the physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention
Rock pressure splits the structural representation of thing mould test specimen；
Fig. 3 is to determine according to the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 of the physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention
To the structural representation of well simulation wellbore hole；
Fig. 4 is the use according to the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 of the physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention
In the structural representation for the inclined support panel for drilling through directional well simulation well；
Fig. 5 is the coal according to the embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 of the physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention
Rock pressure splits the post-fracturing three-dimensional hydraulic fracture pattern schematic diagram of thing mould test specimen, and wherein hole angle is 60o, azimuth 15o.
Fig. 6 is the coal according to another preferred embodiment of the physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention
Rock pressure splits the post-fracturing hydraulic fracture form schematic diagram of thing mould test specimen, and wherein hole angle is 45o, azimuth 30o.
Fig. 7 is the coal according to another preferred embodiment of the physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention
Rock pressure splits the post-fracturing hydraulic fracture form schematic diagram of thing mould test specimen, and wherein hole angle is 30o, azimuth 0o.
Explanation is marked in figure：
1- coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimens, 11- coal petrography blocks, 12- water barriers, 13- integuments, 14- bed planes, 15- are cut at end
Reason, 16- face cleats, 17- directional well simulation wellbore holes, 18- Open-Hole Sections；
171- additional vertical section simulation wellbore holes, 172- subsidiary level section simulation wellbore holes, 173- tilting section simulation wellbore holes；
2- inclined support panels, 21- bases, 22- support backing plates, 23- tilt backing plate, 24- inclinations angle；
3- drills through surface, 4- directional wells simulation well, 5- hole angles, the main hydraulic fracture faces of 6-, 7- level waterpower fracture surface.
Embodiment
In order to be further understood that the content of the invention of the present invention, the present invention is elaborated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment one：
As shown in figure 1, an embodiment of the physical simulating method according to the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention, it is pressed
Comprise the following steps according to sequencing：
Step 1：The plane of weakness development characteristics of coal petrography in simulated formation are wanted in analysis, and coal petrography material is chosen according to analysis result,
And coal petrography material is processed into coal petrography block；
Step 2：Directional well simulation wellbore hole is prepared according to the hole angle of simulated formation directional well well；
Step 3：Coal petrography block is coated using water barrier, simultaneous selection integument is to having coated the coal of water barrier
Rock mass carries out outside and poured, and forms coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen；
Step 4：After layer consolidation to be wrapped, directional well simulation well, while basis are drilled through on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen
The azimuth of simulated formation drills through level trough on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen, and directional well simulation wellbore hole is cemented in into directional well mould
Intend in well and level trough；
Step 5：The fracturing fluid containing proppant and tracer is prepared, the fracturing fluid is full of in directional well simulation wellbore hole；
Step 6：Coal petrography is carried out using true triaxial fracturing system to the coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen full of fracturing fluid to determine
To well sand fracturing physical simulation experiment；
Step 7：Steering expanded configuration and branch of the hydraulic fracture in nearly pit shaft during observation coal petrography directional well sand fracturing
Support the moving distribution feature of agent.
The feature of the coal petrography material and the actual coal petrography in underground as simulated experiment of selection is close, and the present embodiment is chosen shallow
Layer coal mining go out not by the coal petrography of weathering.Fig. 2 is obtained coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen 1, it include coal petrography block 11, every
Water layer 12, integument 13, directional well simulation wellbore hole 17 and Open-Hole Section 18.The plane of weakness of coal petrography includes bed plane 14, end hugger 15, face
The discontinuous discontinuity surface such as hugger 16 and intrinsic fracture.The bed plane of coal petrography and plane-parallel or less parallel；Cut in the face of coal petrography
Manage and end hugger is vertical with bed plane or hands over suddenly.Holding hugger development, intrinsic fracture is developed at random between two face cleats, these
The plane of weakness of development spatially complete a business transaction into it is solid netted, by Rock and coal cutting into a series of rhomboid substrate block.
In the step 1, during coal petrography material is processed into coal petrography block 11, bed plane 14, end hugger 15 and face
Hugger 16 is parallel with the surface of coal petrography block 11.The coal petrography block 11 is square shape, and its length of side is 300mm.
In the step 2, directional well simulation wellbore hole 17 includes additional vertical section simulation wellbore hole 171, the auxiliary being sequentially communicated
Horizontal segment simulation wellbore hole 172 and tilting section simulation wellbore hole 173, its structure are as shown in Figure 3.The external diameter of the directional well simulation wellbore hole
For 18mm, internal diameter 12mm.The length of the additional vertical section simulation wellbore hole is 25mm, the subsidiary level section simulation wellbore hole
Length is 50mm.The hole angle of the present embodiment is 60o, azimuth 15o, and the length of tilting section simulation wellbore hole is according to orientation hole deviation
Depending on degree.
In the step 3, integument is mortar, and its thickness is 50mm.The mortar is by quartz sand, cement, clay and stone
Cream powder is according to 4:4:1:1 volume ratio mixes.Final obtained coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen is square shape, its length of side
For 400mm.Coal petrography block is uniformly poured using integument, then placed 20 days, natural air drying, now integument is strong
Degree is higher and uniform.Before integument is poured, coal petrography block is uniformly coated using water barrier, prevents coal petrography block and bag
Liquid in covering layer directly contacts.The present embodiment selects aluminium foil as water barrier.
In the step 4, the method that directional well simulation well is drilled through on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen is, according to simulation
The hole angle 5 of stratum directional well well prepares inclined support panel 2；Coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen 1 is placed on inclined support panel 2
On；In drilling through for coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen 1 directional well simulation well 4 is drilled through on surface 3 along the direction with horizontal plane.
As shown in figure 4, the inclined support panel 2 includes base 21, support backing plate 22 and tilts backing plate 23, the tilting pad
The inclination angle 24 of plate 23 is equal to the hole angle 5 of simulated formation directional well well.The initial end of directional well simulation well be with
The central point that coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen drills through surface is the center of circle, the circumference using the length of subsidiary level section simulation wellbore hole as radius
On any point.The initial end for the directional well simulation well that the present embodiment is chosen, it can be ensured that Open-Hole Section is located at coal petrography pressure break thing
The center of mould test specimen, enough hydraulic fracture extended areas can be so obtained, make crack extension more abundant, more meet reality
Situation, while contribute to comparative simulation result, reduce error, make analog result more true and reliable.
Because during directional well simulation well is drilled through, directional well simulation wellbore hole easily generates heat, and causes simulation wellbore hole
It is impaired, it is therefore desirable to by the way of repeatedly drilling through, to need to unload simulation wellbore hole after often drilling through a small distance, treat that simulation wellbore hole is cold
But continue to drill through afterwards.Can by the way of natural cooling cooling s imulation pit shaft, can also put it into water and cool down, but cool down after
Reused after need to simulation wellbore hole be dried, to prevent coal petrography block from expanding deformation or water along the leakage of coal petrography plane of weakness after running into water
Losing influences coal petrography property.
A diameter of 21mm of the directional well simulation well, is 30mm Open-Hole Sections in its lower end length in reserve, Open-Hole Section
It is centrally located at the center of coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen.The length of the level trough is 50mm, depth 21mm, in level trough
Subsidiary level section simulation wellbore hole is placed, its one end connects with the lower end of additional vertical section simulation wellbore hole, the other end and directional well mould
Intend the initial end connection of well.
In the step 4, directional well simulation wellbore hole is cemented in into directional well simulation well and level trough using AB silica gel
Interior, the cementation time is 10h.To ensure uniformly to apply confined pressure in simulated experiment, be filled in AB silica gel in level trough must and coal
What rock pressure split thing mould test specimen drills through flush.
In the step 5, before coal petrography directional well sand fracturing physical simulation experiment is carried out, by the pressure containing proppant
Split liquid and fill directional well simulation wellbore hole and Open-Hole Section.Fracturing fluid is made up of water, guar gum, fluorescent material and proppant, fluorescent material and branch
Support agent carries color, is substantially distinguished with the color of coal petrography block.Fluorescent material is used to observe hydraulic fracture as tracer
Crack initiation and expanded configuration.After coal petrography pressure break, proppant is distributed in crack, is existed by the distribution of the proppant agent that can be supported
Migration characteristics in crack.
Fracturing experiments use the large scale true triaxial fracturing system of China University Of Petroleum Beijing's independent development, and the system includes
Servo pressure charging system, stabilizing hydraulic pressure source, Acoustic radiating instrument, oil water separator and true triaxial core test stand.Additional vertical section is simulated
The well head of pit shaft upper end uses thread seal interface, and the interface is connected by pipeline with the fracturing fluid inlet and outlet of oil water separator.
Stabilizing hydraulic pressure source applies pressure to three direction in spaces of thing mould test specimen, and for simulating three-dimensional crustal stress, three-dimensional crustal stress takes
Value is different, and the crustal stress of all directions is in the range of 0-30MPa.Servo pressure charging system controls oil water separator, and will pressure
Split in liquid injection directional well simulation wellbore hole.For vertical crustal stress,For horizontal maximum crustal stress,Minimally should to be horizontal
Power.The post-fracturing three-dimensional hydraulic fracture pattern of coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen of the present embodiment from figure as shown in figure 5, can observe
Fracture pattern, including main hydraulic fracture face 6 and secondary waterpower fracture surface 7.
The physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present embodiment, simple to operate, accuracy is high, meets reality
Pressure break situation, compared with artificiality mould test specimen, it can more accurately simulate the hugger, intrinsic fracture and waterpower of true coal petrography reservoir
The petrophysical properties such as crack.Because coal petrography is more crisp and is easily broken, fracture development, intensity is relatively low, therefore by outside coal petrography
Portion pours integument to improve intensity.In addition water barrier is added between coal petrography and integument, to avoid coal petrography from directly being connect with water
Touching causes coal petrography to expand, it is ensured that analog result is true and reliable.The physical simulating method provides for live coal petrography directional well pressure break
Basic data and theoretical reference, it is also special in the moving distribution for turning to expansion process and proppant of nearly pit shaft to characterize hydraulic fracture
Sign is laid a good foundation.
Embodiment two：
According to the present invention coal petrography directional well sand fracturing physical simulating method another embodiment, its technological process,
Principle and beneficial effect etc. are identical with embodiment one, unlike：The external diameter of the directional well simulation wellbore hole is 16mm, internal diameter
For 10mm；The length of the additional vertical section simulation wellbore hole is 15mm；The thickness of the integument is 70mm, final obtained coal
The length of side that rock pressure splits thing mould test specimen is 440mm；A diameter of 19mm of the directional well simulation well, it is in its lower end length in reserve
50mm Open-Hole Section, Open-Hole Section are centrally located at the center of coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen；The length of the level trough is
50mm, depth 19mm；Directional well simulation wellbore hole is cemented in directional well simulation well and level trough using AB silica gel, cementation
Time is 8h；Hole angle is 45o, azimuth 30o, and the length of tilting section simulation wellbore hole is depending on directional well gradient.This reality
The post-fracturing three-dimensional hydraulic fracture pattern of coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen for applying example is as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment three：
According to the present invention coal petrography directional well sand fracturing physical simulating method another embodiment, its technological process,
Principle and beneficial effect etc. are identical with embodiment one, unlike：The external diameter of the directional well simulation wellbore hole is 17mm, internal diameter
For 11mm；The length of the additional vertical section simulation wellbore hole is 20mm；The thickness of the integument is 60mm, final obtained coal
The length of side that rock pressure splits thing mould test specimen is 420mm；A diameter of 20mm of the directional well simulation well, it is in its lower end length in reserve
40mm Open-Hole Section, Open-Hole Section are centrally located at the center of coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen；The length of the level trough is
50mm, depth 20mm；Directional well simulation wellbore hole is cemented in directional well simulation well and level trough using AB silica gel, cementation
Time is 9h；Hole angle is 30o, azimuth 0o, and the length of tilting section simulation wellbore hole is depending on directional well gradient.This implementation
The post-fracturing three-dimensional hydraulic fracture pattern of coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen of example is as shown in Figure 7.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the physical simulating method of the coal petrography directional well sand fracturing of the present invention is including upper
State the content of the invention and specific embodiment part and any combination of each several part shown by accompanying drawing of description of the invention, limit
Described one by one in length and each scheme to make specification concise without these combinations are formed.It is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (19)
1. a kind of physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing, it comprises the following steps according to sequencing：
Step 1：The plane of weakness development characteristics of coal petrography in simulated formation are wanted in analysis, and coal petrography material is chosen according to analysis result, and will
Coal petrography material is processed into coal petrography block；
Step 2：Directional well simulation wellbore hole is prepared according to the hole angle of simulated formation directional well well；
Step 3：Coal petrography block is coated using water barrier, simultaneous selection integument is to having coated the coal petrography block of water barrier
Body carries out outside and poured, and forms coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen；
Step 4：After layer consolidation to be wrapped, directional well simulation well is drilled through on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen, while according to simulation
The azimuth on stratum drills through level trough on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen, and directional well simulation wellbore hole is cemented in into directional well simulation well
In eye and level trough；
Step 5：The fracturing fluid containing proppant and tracer is prepared, the fracturing fluid is full of in directional well simulation wellbore hole；
Step 6：Coal petrography directional well is carried out to the coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen full of fracturing fluid using true triaxial fracturing system
Sand fracturing physical simulation experiment, the true triaxial fracturing system include servo pressure charging system, stabilizing hydraulic pressure source, sound emission
Instrument, oil water separator and true triaxial core test stand；
Step 7：Steering expanded configuration and proppant of the hydraulic fracture in nearly pit shaft during observation coal petrography directional well sand fracturing
Moving distribution feature.
2. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 1
In, during coal petrography material is processed into coal petrography block, bed plane, end hugger and face cleat are parallel with coal petrography block surface.
3. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The coal petrography block
Body is square shape, and its length of side is 300mm.
4. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 2
In, directional well simulation wellbore hole includes additional vertical section simulation wellbore hole, subsidiary level section simulation wellbore hole and the tilting section being sequentially communicated
Simulation wellbore hole.
5. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The directional well
The external diameter of simulation wellbore hole is 16-18mm, internal diameter 10-12mm.
6. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The auxiliary is hung down
The length of straight section simulation wellbore hole is 15-25mm, and the length of the subsidiary level section simulation wellbore hole is 50mm.
7. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 3
In, integument is mortar, and its thickness is 50-70mm.
8. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The mortar by
Quartz sand, cement, clay and land plaster are according to 4:4:1:1 volume ratio mixes.
9. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The coal petrography pressure
It is square shape to split thing mould test specimen, and its length of side is 400-440mm.
10. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In four, the method that directional well simulation well is drilled through on coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen is, according to simulated formation directional well well
Hole angle prepares inclined support panel；Coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen is placed on inclined support panel；In coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen
Drill through on surface along the direction with horizontal plane drill through directional well simulation well.
11. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：The inclination
Supporting plate includes base, tilts backing plate and supports backing plate.
12. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that：The inclination
The inclination angle of backing plate is equal to the hole angle of simulated formation directional well well.
13. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：The orientation
The initial end of well simulation well is that the central point that surface is drilled through using coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen is simulated as the center of circle, with subsidiary level section
The length of pit shaft is any point on the circumference of radius.
14. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：The orientation
Well simulates a diameter of 19-21mm of well.
15. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that：The orientation
Open-Hole Section is reserved in the lower end of well simulation well, and its length is 30-50mm.
16. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that：The bore hole
Section is centrally located at the center of the coal petrography pressure break thing mould test specimen.
17. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In four, the length of level trough is 50mm, depth 19-21mm.
18. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that：The level
Subsidiary level section simulation wellbore hole is placed in groove, its one end connects with the lower end of additional vertical section simulation wellbore hole, the other end and orientation
The initial end connection of well simulation well.
19. the physical simulating method of coal petrography directional well sand fracturing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In four, directional well simulation wellbore hole is cemented in directional well simulation well and level trough using AB silica gel, the cementation time is 8-
10h。
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| CN114320261B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Migration simulation method of proppant in fracturing under true triaxial condition |
| CN117489317B (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-03-22 | 克拉玛依市白碱滩区(克拉玛依高新区)石油工程现场(中试)实验室 | Mining site-level carbon dioxide fracturing fluid simulation experiment device and method |
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