CN105626017A - Use method for steam injection clay anti-expansion agent accompanied injection of water-sensitive heavy oil well - Google Patents
Use method for steam injection clay anti-expansion agent accompanied injection of water-sensitive heavy oil well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a use method for a steam injection accompanied injection clay anti-expansion agent of a water-sensitive heavy oil well. According to the method, potassium or sodium or ammonia inorganic salt which contains Cl- ions and can stabilize montmorillonite clay mineral expansion is used as the accompanied injection clay anti-expansion agent, and an accompanied injection clay anti-expansion agent solution is continuously injected in an accompanied manner in a steam injection manner; the use amount (Mmedium) of the accompanied injection clay anti-expansion agent is obtained in the following manner shown in the specification, wherein ntlow is the clay mineral cationic exchange capacity which is a low value, nthigh is the clay mineral cationic exchange capacity which is a high value, bz is the accompanied injection anti-expansion agent molecular weight, m is the steam design mass, Pma is the rock matrix density, f0 is the clay mineral content, thin is the reservoir stratum lithologic parameter including the porosity, and thin0 is the fluid flowable porosity.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to field of petroleum exploitation, particularly relate to the using method of a kind of water sensitivity heavy oil wells steam injection companion's note anti-clayswelling agent.
Background technology:
Many oil fields are had to belong to argillaceous agglutination, loose sand heavy crude reservoir. Such oil reservoir clay mineral content is high, change is big, is typically between 5--40%. Its clay mineral mainly has kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite three kinds, clay mineral water-swellable, easily shakes out and block in production process. Kaolinite, illite belong to non-expansibility mineral, and montmorillonite belongs to expanded clay mineral. The dilatancy of clay mineral is because it to be had produced by substantial amounts of tradable cation, and mainly ferrum or magnesium replace the aluminum in alumina octahedral. As montmorillonite is made up of two tetrahedral si-o films and an aluminum oxide octahedral sheet, belong to 2:1 type stratotype clay mineral. Its dilatancy, is owing to, in smectite structure, the two sides of crystal layer is all made up of oxygen on the one hand, and the active force between crystal layer is molecular separating force (being absent from hydrogen bond), connects loose, and water can enter wherein, and spacing of lattice increases; On the other hand owing to montmorillonite has a large amount of lattice to replace, a large amount of exchangeable cations is combined at plane of crystal, after water enters crystal layer, these exchangeable cations dissociate in water, form diffusion electric double layer, make crystal layer surface electronegative and mutually exclusive, cause that interlamellar spacing is variable, being typically in 0.96��4.00nm scope, produce the clay swell being commonly seen, change in volume is very big. Illitic basic structure is similar to montmorillonite, falling within 2:1 stratotype clay mineral, but occur mainly in tetrahedral si-o film owing to lattice replaces, there are about the silicon of 1/6 is that aluminum replaces, after lattice replaces, it is that the exchangeable cations that balance electricity price combines is mainly potassium ion at plane of crystal. Owing to potassium ion diameter (0.266nm) is close with six side's network inscribes garden diameter (0.288nm) in tetrahedral si-o film, make it easily enter six side's grids not easily disengage, so lattice is tightly combined, water is not easily accessible wherein, and therefore illite belongs to non-expansion type clay mineral. Illite interlamellar spacing is more stable, is generally 1.0nm. And kaolinite be 1:1 type clay mineral, in kaolinic structure, the one side of crystal layer is all made up of oxygen, and another side is all made up of hydroxyl. Being tightly linked by hydrogen bond between crystal layer, water is not easily accessible wherein. Owing to the little lattice of kaolinite replaces, so the exchangeable cations that its plane of crystal is just only little, change in volume is only small.
Reservoir type is different, and clay mineral content is different, and tradable cation amount is different. Cation exchange capacity refers to that 1kg clay mineral can the exchanged cation total amount (representing with monovalent cation amount of substance) got off when pH value is 7. Unit mmol.kg-1Showing, kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite these three major clay minerals exchangeable cations range of capacity, in Table 1.
The cation exchange capacity table 1 of clay mineral
| Clay mineral | Cation exchange capacity (mmol.kg-1) |
| Kaolinite | 30��150 |
| Montmorillonite | 800��1500 |
| Illite | 200��400 |
As can be known from Table 1, the cation exchange capacity of expanded clay mineral---montmorillonite is maximum, two kinds of clay minerals of non-expansion type kaolinite and illite compare little a lot.
Inventor acquires 27 sand sample samples in multiple oil fields, at normal temperatures, with kerosene (or CCl4), distilled water approximate simulation oil reservoir ambient condition and high-water-cut stage ambient condition define elative free swelling ratio, this parameter of elative free swelling ratio has reacted the postflood clay swell rule of oil and gas reservoir. By in conjunction with total rock core X diffraction sample clay mineral content analysis, show positive correlation good between elative free swelling ratio and smectite content, kaolinite and illite are then absent from it obvious dependency relation, there is weak positive dependency relation with clay mineral total amount. The quantitative positive correlation that swelling clay mineral exists with smectite content can be expressed as:
K=0.0191 �� X+0.9732
In formula, K is elative free swelling ratio, and X is the absolute percentage composition that montmorillonite accounts for total rock. When smectite content is more than 5%, elative free swelling ratio is more than 1.1, and namely relative expansion factor is more than 10%.
Meanwhile, the test of rock water sensitivity evaluation also indicates that, when clay mineral content reaches 15%, assessment of rock properties is strong retraction, and permeability can decline more than 70%, and therefore, the aquation injury in high-load clay mineral oil reservoir development needs to stop.
Heat extraction by steam injection is heavy crude reservoir most common method, and main force's series of strata are after a period of time exploits, and two, the three class viscous crude regions fragmentary, thin, that shale water sensitivity is strong of the non-main force also can be employed. These low taste viscous crude regions, shale content is higher, and illite/smectite mixed layer is many. Montmorillonite two-layer lattice structure is at aqueous environments very easily hydration swelling. The expansion that " the condensation water " that steam thermal recovery is injected is clay mineral provides material conditions. Meanwhile, huge discharge, high pressure steam are injected to thin, the microparticle migration of expansion and provide again power, occur to block and permeability declines thus leading when reservoir pore space, venturi inject later stage and back production at steam. Show as at steam injection scene, it is simply that more note pressure is more high, and the one week after phase is higher than a upper cycle pressure, seriously injures steam injection safety; Have to by many wells close note, beat discharge of steam, reduction steam quality and speed ensure injection safety. As a result, inject, total heat enthalpy reduces, the thermal efficiency reduces and gas oil ratio reduces, and part well gas oil ratio is even less than 0.1, and economic benefit is had a greatly reduced quality. By the injection pressure of XX oil field 276 mouthfuls of wells of turn-week steam injection and gas oil ratio are added up, the wherein Jing30Kou of injection pressure >=19MPa, maximum pressure is 22.3MPa, the Jing31Kou of 17 19MPa, and pressure is more high does not have complete design steam injection amount because more noting 3 mouthfuls of wells; Wherein there is the Jing17Kou of the vapour Jing16Kou, the Jing26Kou of 0.1 0.2,0.2 0.3 than��0.1, add up to the gas oil ratio Jing59Kou lower than 0.3, account for the 21.4% of total well number.
In decades, this kind of well in more domestic oil fields is mainly by clamp-oning the high temperature resistant organic or inorganic expansion-resisting agent solution of a small amount of what is called before steam injection to suppress the hydration of secondary water, but this method has the defect that cannot overcome, owing to dosage is little, active force is weak. The expansion-resisting agent clamp-oned can be driven away by approximate " piston " formula of steam, and the steam water being subsequently implanted into still can make reservoir generation water sensitivity injure, and steam injection pressure constantly raises, especially those oil wells injected because of accident time-out, recovers pressure during steam injection and raises abnormal obvious. And after oil well back production, constantly condensing into the reduction of water and reservoir temperature along with steam, reservoir permeability declines even more serious, shows as production capacity and successively decreases rapidly. This is also that KCl is added as expansion-resisting agent effect duration short reason in the oil field that twentieth century has for 80 or nine ten years in the workover fluid that brings in a well. Owing to heavy crude reservoir steam injection exploitation is still current topmost development scheme, the reservoir injury that the hydration swelling of the clay mineral that solution steam injection is caused causes is very necessary.
Summary of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to provide the using method of a kind of water sensitivity heavy oil wells steam injection companion's note anti-clayswelling agent, during by water-sensitive heavy oil wells heat extraction by steam injection, expansion-resisting agent accompanies note continuously, before overcoming steam injection, disposable oil reservoir of clamp-oning gives the defect that place's expansion-resisting agent swept volume is little and effect duration is short, reservoir environment is made to have the identical expansion-resisting agent cation sites concentration suppressing the exchange of clay mineral generation cation when steam injects with back production, keep the primary permeability of reservoir, ensure safe steam injection, high-quality steam injection, improve gas oil ratio and recovery percent of reserves.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:
The method of the present invention use can stablize smectite clay mineral expansion containing Cl-The potassium of ion or sodium or ammonia inorganic salt are companion's note anti-clayswelling agent, accompany this companion of injection to note anti-clayswelling agent solution while steam injection continuously; Companion note anti-clayswelling agent consumption (MIn) obtain in the following way:
MIn=MLow��[(nT is low+nT is high)/2/nT is low];
Wherein: nT is low-Clay mineral cation exchange capacity (low value), nT is high-clay mineral cation exchange capacity (high level), bz-companion notes anti-Peng's agent molecule amount, m-steam design flow, ��ma-Rock Matrix density, f0-clay mineral content,-reservoir lithology parameter includes porosity,-fluid flowable porosity flowable the porosity of fluid.
The purpose of the present invention realizes also by following technical measures:
Described inorganic salt is sodium chloride, potassium chloride or ammonium chloride; Described inorganic salt is potassium chloride or ammonium chloride; Described inorganic salt is potassium chloride; Described clay mineral montmorillonite.
The present invention relates to field of petroleum exploitation, the method for research water sensitivity heavy crude well steam injection companion's note anti-clayswelling agent and the computational problem of amount. Solve disposable before steam injection to clamp-on the defect that pretreatment high temperature anti-clayswelling agent sphere of action is little and effect duration is short, by the computational methods chosen and measure of the inorganic anti-swollen type salt of monovalent cation are contrasted by main expansion (montmorillonite) clay mineral, realize accompanying note expansion-resisting agent solution continuously when steam injection, thus avoiding hydration swelling that the steam condensate cation clearing house that clay mineral occurs in reservoir sweep volume range causes, dispersion, migration, and to blowhole, throat structure blocking and to injecting and the adverse effect of back production. Specifically reducing the permeability injury of high shale content mineral heat extraction by steam injection well oil reservoir exactly, safe steam injection, high-efficiency high-quality steam injection, thus improving gas oil ratio and recovery percent of reserves.
For the steam thermal recovery of water sensitivity viscous crude reservoir suppressing the injury that swelling clay mineral causes provide a kind of feasible solution, by choosing and the acquisition methods of consumption of constructing of the expansion-resisting agent consumption that provides, it is possible to achieve accompany, at well head, the anti-clayswelling agent that note is appropriate, compatibility is good continuously during steam injection. Inorganic salt type selected by dissimilar heavy crude reservoir is likely to different with design flow, but is the same with the anti-clayswelling agent method that X diffraction rock expansion type clay mineral kind is suitable with apolegamy. The unconventional oil layer protection containing shale heavy crude reservoir heat extraction by steam injection hypotonic, high is also had reference by this invention.
Through above-mentioned to water sensitivity heavy crude well companion's note expansion-resisting agent type selecting with use after consumption determines. Companion's note temperature, speed also to be investigated to whether steam injection impacts in the scene that is specifically applied to, during back production, whether down-hole and wellhead temperature have the quick generation of salt, in addition it is also necessary to salt out concentration by down-hole and designed companion is noted inorganic salt expansion-resisting agent carry out reasonability investigation.
Detailed description of the invention:
The selection of companion's note clay mineral expansion-resisting agent:
The monovalent cation salt of the swelling clay minerals such as montmorillonite can be stablized and have sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride etc., in the aqueous solution of salt, stability most preferably potassium salt and ammonium salt. Combine the most closely between expanded clay mineral lattice owing to potassium ion enters, and can repression of swelling type clay mineral--montmorillonite can suppress again non-expansion type mineral---illite. It is therefore highly preferred that potassium chloride is companion's note expansion-resisting agent, next to that ammonium chloride.
To burying, shallow reservoir formation water salinity is low, and total salinity is generally 2790 12000mg/l, less salt. Water type is NaHCO3, mainly containing Cl-��Na+��HCO3 -,CO3 2-Plasma. Choose containing K+��NH+ 4��Cl-The potassium chloride of ion or ammonium chloride are the reaction that deposited salt does not occur to generate for expansion-resisting agent and formation water, and compatibility is good.
Steam injects and is usually 330 DEG C of high temperature above, and the expansion-resisting agent of companion's note needs high temperature resistant. And containing K+��NH+ 4��Cl-These inorganic salt solutions of ion are obviously high temperature resistant. From homogenous quantities contrast, potassium chloride than ammonium chloride more rich in cation. From preparation saline solution complexity, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride are all soluble salt. Although, oil well is after back production, and formation temperature reduces and ammonium chloride does expansion-resisting agent and is likely to produce to be conducive to the NH of the row of helping in alkaline environment3Gas. But the NH when high temperature companion's note3The generation of gas is but unfavorable for injecting safety. Therefore, the most suitable inorganic salt as companion's note expansion-resisting agent is potassium chloride.
Anti-clayswelling agent theoretical amount:
Anti-clayswelling dosage is designed with the capacity of clay mineral energy exchange cation.
Reservoir type is different, and clay mineral content cation exchange capacity different from kind is different. Therefore, the consumption of expansion-resisting agent can be calculated according to the size of three kinds of major clay minerals exchange cation capacity such as kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite.
The cation exchange capacity of expanded clay mineral---montmorillonite is maximum, two kinds of clay minerals of non-expansion type kaolinite and illite compare little a lot, so, calculate antiswelling agent consumption and this clay mineral of montmorillonite can be used to replace. First, following rock clay mineral expansion-resisting agent effect analogue model is set up:
Viscous crude steam injection thermal production well, high temperature dry saturated steam generally has condensed water band, vapour-liquid miscible bank and dry saturated steam band after injecting stratum. But due to this subject study is the secondary water hydration swelling effect to Clay Mineral, the expansion-resisting agent Ying Chun " H of companion's note continuously2O " concentration that all should have identical suppression cation exchange interaction Anywhere that can reach, it and " H2O " it is in any fluidised form and seepage flow mode relation is little. After imagination steam injects stratum, very by " H in the flowable hole and venturi of rock2O " water saturation. The amount of the expansion-resisting agent so supplemented only and reservoir lithology and steam design flow (M) relevant. Reservoir lithology parameter includes porosity, the flowable porosity of fluid, smectite content (f0) and Rock Matrix density (��ma). So commutative monovalent cation amount of substance m can calculate with following formula:
Such as, certain heavy oil wells design steam injection amount is 2000 tons, and reservoir porosity is 33%, and flowable porosity is 30%, and smectite content is 5%, and reservoir rock density is 2.16, with potassium chloride (molecular weight 74.5) solution for companion's note expansion-resisting agent. In theory, potassium chloride is high and low, median mass (m):
mmax=mmin�� 1500/800=54 (t)
mIntermediate value=mmin�� 1150/800=41.4 (t)
From result of calculation it will be seen that the high clay mineral reservoir of smectite content can occur the cation of flood tide exchange, when this also illustrates viscous crude heat extraction by steam injection, companion notes the necessity of anti-clayswelling agent.
What down-hole salted out evades investigation
The precipitation of down-hole salt can cause that oil well yield is remarkably decreased, and flow channel even can be caused completely blocked. Aquifer yield and low temperature that heavy oil wells every day is relatively low can cause salt deposit quickly to be formed, it will be apparent that reduce crude output. Therefore the precipitation injecting the relevant inorganic salt that inorganic monovalent salt anti-clayswelling agent is likely to result in is evaded extremely important. From scene, companion notes operable angle, at ambient pressure, in 0--100 DEG C of temperature, although, preparation and injection expansion-resisting agent are all feasible. But temperature more high-dissolvability is more big, companion's injecting amount is more little, advantageously reduces the impact that steam is injected by the relative low temperature of companion's fluid injection.
But well system produce fluid lifted and cooled down in the wellbore time, along with the steam cycle recovers the oil the decline of moisture change, cycle non-liquid measure, wellhead temperature may finally drop to 30 DEG C. Expansion-resisting agent is in companion's note to stratum process, constantly by pure steam (H2O) release rare, after back production ion concentration reduce, but we design expansion-resisting agent concentration not higher than production wellhead minimum temperature time dissolubility concentration specification still must observe.
Such as: KCl salt is at 30 DEG C, and dissolubility is 37 grams, design steam injection amount 2000 tons, the salt amount 740 tons of note can be accompanied.
Under 30 DEG C of this lower temperatures of well head, potassium chloride dissolubility is significantly high, three, 40 tons of design companion's note, does not result in the precipitation of back production self salt completely.
Considering to cause that reservoir clay swell reacts is not only montmorillonite mineral, we choose the intermediate value of montmorillonite exchangeable cations to calculate expansion-resisting agent amount.
Such as, certain heavy oil wells reservoir porosity is 33%, and flowable porosity is 30%, and smectite content is 5%, and reservoir rock density is 2.16, and design steam injection amount is 2000 tons. Companion's note KCl (molecular weight 74.5). In theory, potassium chloride median mass (m) is:
M=1150/800 �� mmin=1150/800 �� 74.5 �� 800 �� 2000 �� 2.16 �� 0.05 �� (1-0.33) �� 10-6/ 0.30=41.4 (t)
The whether investigation to steam injection influential effect of companion's note temperature, speed
When certain temperature, inorganic salt dissolubility a, companion note saturated salt water yield CSaline
CSaline=m �� (a+100)/a=m �� (a+100)/a (t)
Such as, when 80 DEG C, potassium chloride dissolubility 51.1 grams, 41.4 tons of potassium chloride are made into saturated brine needs 81 tons of clear water. Steam injects (U1) speed designs 7 ton hour, then saltwater replenishment discharge capacity USaline: USaline=CSaline��U1/ Q=U1�� m �� (a+100)/(a �� Q)=0.2975 (ton hour)=4.96 (l/min)
Now, expansion-resisting agent saline solution companion's fluence and design quantity of steam ratio are 81/2000 (4.05%) relatively low, temperature can be brought up to more than 90 DEG C under on-the-spot room temperature, normal pressure, higher than 70 DEG C of reservoir temperatures of Gudao oilfield, selected companion notes expansion-resisting agent solution will not cause the impact of thermal loss to viscous crude heat extraction by steam injection.
Claims (5)
1. the steam injection of water sensitivity heavy oil wells companion note anti-clayswelling agent using method, it is characterised in that the method use can stablize smectite clay mineral expansion containing Cl-The potassium of ion or sodium or ammonia inorganic salt are companion's note anti-clayswelling agent, accompany this companion of injection to note anti-clayswelling agent solution while steam injection continuously; Companion note anti-clayswelling agent consumption (MIn) obtain in the following way:
MIn=MLow��[(nT is low+nT is high)/2/nT is low];
Wherein: nT is low-clay mineral cation exchange capacity (low value), nT is high-clay mineral cation exchange capacity (high level), bz-companion notes anti-Peng's agent molecule amount, m-steam design flow, ��ma-Rock Matrix density, f0-clay mineral content,-reservoir lithology parameter includes porosity,-fluid flowable porosity flowable the porosity of fluid.
2. the using method of water sensitivity heavy oil wells steam injection according to claim 1 companion note anti-clayswelling agent, it is characterised in that described inorganic salt is sodium chloride, potassium chloride or ammonium chloride.
3. the using method of water sensitivity heavy oil wells steam injection according to claim 1 companion note anti-clayswelling agent, it is characterised in that described inorganic salt is potassium chloride or ammonium chloride.
4. the using method of water sensitivity heavy oil wells steam injection according to claim 1 companion note anti-clayswelling agent, it is characterised in that described inorganic salt is potassium chloride.
5. the using method of water sensitivity heavy oil wells steam injection according to claim 1 companion note anti-clayswelling agent, it is characterised in that described clay mineral montmorillonite.
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| CN111577267A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-25 | 重庆科技学院 | Reservoir sensitivity prediction method based on whole rock and clay mineral composition |
| CN112392446A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-02-23 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method for enhancing reservoir stability in hydrate exploitation process |
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