CN105606488B - The manoscopy system and its measurement method easily adjusted - Google Patents
The manoscopy system and its measurement method easily adjusted Download PDFInfo
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- CN105606488B CN105606488B CN201610016650.4A CN201610016650A CN105606488B CN 105606488 B CN105606488 B CN 105606488B CN 201610016650 A CN201610016650 A CN 201610016650A CN 105606488 B CN105606488 B CN 105606488B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/24—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material
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Abstract
A kind of manoscopy system easily adjusted, including Green's prism, lens, right-angle reflecting prism, adjustable optical frame, horizontal guide rail, CCD, the present invention can effectively measure the distribution of gas density, have easy to operate, convenience and high-efficiency, the advantages of having wide range of applications.The present invention enters after right-angle reflecting prism the characteristics of being parallel to elementary beam outgoing using light beam, when realizing adjusting right-angle reflecting prism, has an impact in only one dimension to light beam, to reduce the complexity of system adjusting.The present invention can be used for the field of laser-plasma interaction, especially Plasma wake field and accelerate to detect the formation of plasma channel and the distribution of gas density in electronic mechanism.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of easily to adjust the present invention relates to the measurement of gas density in laser-plasma interaction field
Manoscopy system and its measurement method.
Background technique
Accelerate to generate the quick of high-power electron beam field as laser-plasma interaction is based particularly on coda Q values
Development, key area of the gas medium as interaction, influences the energy and electricity of electron beam, certain means is needed to detect
The distribution of gas density in interaction zone.
Traditional interferometer such as Michelson's interferometer, safe graceful interferometer etc., are all made of plane mirror as reflecting mirror, are adjusting
When pitch plane mirror, need to guarantee that plane mirror is vertical with the holding of the direction of incident beam, turn of the plane mirror if there is a low-angle
It is dynamic, the variation of light beam pitching and left and right will be caused simultaneously, cause interference fringe quality to be deteriorated, or even cannot get interference fringe.
Although these schemes can be used for measurement gas density distribution, but considerably increase the complexity of system adjusting
Property, it is time-consuming and laborious, it is therefore desirable to which that one kind can easily be accommodated, dress of the higher interference system of precision as measurement gas density distribution
It sets.
Summary of the invention
It can easily be accommodated the purpose of the present invention is for defect existing for traditional interference detection system, providing one kind, high score
The manoscopy system of resolution easily adjusted replaces traditional plane mirror, the right angle using right-angle reflecting prism
Reflecting prism is fixed in adjustable optical frame, and when adjusting optical frame, right-angle reflecting prism rotates on two dimensions,
But the direction in only one dimension for light beam has an impact, to realize the pitching for light beam and adjusting of dividing right and left.
The complexity of interference system adjusting can be effectively reduced, it is easy to operate, and detection resolution with higher.
Technical solution of the invention is as follows:
A kind of manoscopy system easily adjusted, comprising: there is the vacuum chamber of incident window and outgoing window, detection
Light beam enters in the vacuum chamber by incident window, and detection optical path direction in edge is successively solid on optical platform in the vacuum chamber
Surely there is the first reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror, first laser attenuator, be polarized Green's prism, third reflecting mirror and short focus lens, visit
Light beam is surveyed through outgoing window output, snifting valve is equipped between the third reflecting mirror and short focus lens, which passes through
Gas pipeline is connected with vacuum chamber extraneous gas bottle, by gas bottle switch control whether jet；Along the outgoing window
Output beam direction be sequentially placed long focus lens, aperture and spectroscope, the spectroscope by detect light beam be divided into transmission
Light beam and the reflected beams, transmitted light beam are light beam one, and the reflected beams are light beam two, between the long focus lens and short focus lens
Distance is the sum of the focal length of two lens；
It is equipped with the first right-angle reflecting prism in one optical path direction of light beam, the triangle of first right-angle reflecting prism is flat
The upper surface of the first adjustable optical frame, plane and light beam corresponding to the bevel edge of first right-angle reflecting prism are fixed in face
One optical path direction is vertical, and the light beam passes through after spectroscope reflection again after first right-angle reflecting prism reflection
Second laser attenuator enters CCD；
The second right-angle reflecting prism, the second right-angle reflecting prism triangle projective planum are equipped in two optical path direction of light beam
It is fixed on the side of the second adjustable optical frame, the second adjustable optical frame is fixed on the horizontal guide rail, the second right angle
Plane corresponding to the bevel edge of reflecting prism is vertical with the optical path direction of light beam two, and the light beam two reflects rib by the second right angle
After mirror reflection, then after the spectroscope transmission CCD 16 entered by second laser attenuator, is interfered with light beam one.
The central wavelength for detecting optical path is 800nm, and reflecting mirror has high reflectance for the light of 800nm wavelength；The lattice
The polarizer of the woods prism as light beam, the prism are transmission-type polarising means, have high extinction ratio, to guarantee to detect light beam
The characteristic of linear polarization；Green's prism there is threshold requirement to need in order to avoid the excessively high damage prism of light intensity in lattice light intensity
Suitable attenuator is placed before woods prism.
The beam-expanding system is made of a short focus lens and a focal length lens, and effect is will to detect optical path to put
(the ratio between the focal length that the multiple of amplification depends on two lens) greatly, to improve the resolution ratio of detection.
Intervention module is formed by diaphragm, spectroscope, right-angle reflecting prism and CCD, the spectroscope is with 50%, 50%
Transmissivity and reflectivity, and placed with light beam angle at 45 °；The corresponding plane of the right-angle reflecting prism bevel edge and detection light beam hang down
Directly, it and is fixed in adjustable optical frame, it is adjustable that the first right-angle reflecting prism triangle projective planum is fixed on first
The upper surface of optical frame, when adjusting the knob of mirror holder, which rotates on two dimensions, in horizontal direction
Rotation do not influence the direction of light beam, the rotation on vertical direction adjusts the pitching of light beam, to realize for interference fringe side
To adjusting；The plane of the second right-angle reflecting prism triangle is fixed on the side of the second adjustable optical frame, works as tune
When saving the knob of mirror holder, which rotates on two dimensions, and the rotation in horizontal direction adjusts the left and right of light beam,
And the rotation on vertical direction does not influence the direction of light beam, to realize the adjusting for interference fringe spacing；Described second can
It adjusts optical frame to be fixed on the horizontal guide rail moved horizontally, for adjusting the delay of two coherent beams；Light beam is detected to pass through
After spectroscope light splitting, is reflected respectively by described two right-angle reflecting prisms, after again passing by spectroscope, be incident at CCD, be
It avoids the excessive damage CCD of light intensity, suitable attenuator is added before CCD camera lens.
On the other hand, the invention also discloses a kind of carry out gases using the above-mentioned manoscopy system easily adjusted
The measurement method of density, comprising the following steps:
(1) snifting valve is closed, the aperture of diaphragm is adjusted to minimum, while adjusting the first adjustable optical frame and second can
Adjusting optical frame is overlapped light beam one on CCD with the hot spot of light beam two；
(2) diaphragm is opened to maximum, while adjusts the first adjustable optical frame and horizontal guide rail, make to interfere item on CCD
Line is vertical；
(3) the second adjustable optical frame and horizontal guide rail are adjusted, the spacing of interference fringe on the screen on CCD is made
4-7mm；
(4) snifting valve, the curved region of observation interference fringe and bending degree are opened, gas density distribution is calculated.
Basic principle of the invention is using respectively by under test gas and not by the two beam coherent lights production of under test gas
Raw interference fringe obtains gas in the scale and channel of plasma channel by the bending degree and range that measure interference fringe
The distribution of volume density.Using two orthogonal right-angle reflecting prisms, each right-angle reflecting prism only realizes one to light beam
Adjusting on direction, to realize for the direction of interference fringe and the adjusting of fringe spacing.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following distinguishing feature:
1, traditional reflecting mirror is replaced using orthogonal right-angle reflecting prism, by the adjusting to light beam pitching and left and right
It separates, reduces the complexity that interference system is adjusted, have many advantages, such as easy to operate, convenience and high-efficiency.
2, horizontal guide rail is added for adjusting delay, cooperation prism is for the pitching of light beam and the adjusting of left and right, realization pair
Adjusting in interference fringe direction and fringe spacing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention easily regulating gas density measurement system
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the first right-angle reflecting prism 13, the first adjustable optical frame
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the second right-angle reflecting prism 14, the second adjustable optical frame and horizontal guide rail
Fig. 4 is the interference fringe of actual measurement in experiment
Fig. 5 is according to the calculated gas density distribution map of Fig. 4
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention is described further, but protection of the invention should not be limited with this
Range.
It is please the structural representation of manoscopy system one embodiment that the present invention is easily adjusted referring initially to Fig. 1, Fig. 1
Figure.As seen from the figure, the structure for the manoscopy system that the present embodiment is easily adjusted includes: detection light beam by incident window 1
Vacuum chamber is entered, on the direction that detection optical path is advanced, being successively fixed with has the first of high reflectivity to the light of 800nm
Reflecting mirror 2 and the second reflecting mirror 3, detection light beam pass sequentially through first after the first reflecting mirror 2 and the reflection of the second reflecting mirror 3
Laser attenuation piece 4 reaches at snifting valve 7 after being polarized Green's prism 5 and third reflecting mirror 6, and snifting valve 7 is by gas pipeline and outside
The connection of boundary's gas bottle, by the switch control of gas bottle whether jet；In jet region, light light is detected by the part of jet
Journey will increase, and does not detect light light path by the part of jet and do not change；The detection light is followed by short focus lens
8, window 9 and long focus lens 10 are emitted, the short focus lens 8 form beam-expanding system, short focus lens 8 and focal length with long focus lens 10
Pass through between lens 10 and be emitted 9 transition of window, in the present embodiment, the focal length of short focus lens 8 and long focus lens 10 is followed successively by 20cm
And 50cm, amplification factor are 2.5 times；Enter intervention module by the detection light beam of the beam-expanding system, divides by spectroscope 12
Light forms two light beams, and transmitted light beam is light beam one, and the reflected beams are light beam two；Light beam one is anti-by the first right-angle reflecting prism 13
It penetrates after being reflected with spectroscope 12, is entered in CCD 16 by second laser attenuator 15；Light beam two is reflected by the second right angle
It after the reflection of prism 14 and spectroscope 12 transmit, is entered in CCD 16, is occurred with light beam one dry by second laser attenuator 15
It relates to.
It is that Study of Laser Plasma wake field accelerates electronics, due to laser beam used in the embodiment of the present invention
Power is especially high, in order to avoid air breakdown need to place it in vacuum chamber at the various nonlinear effects such as silk by light beam occur
It is interior；Short focus lens needs in the beam-expanding system are placed on apart from the closer position of nozzle, therefore also are located in vacuum chamber；And
Since the focal length focal length of lens is longer, the long focus lens in the beam-expanding system are placed in outside vacuum chamber, are led between two lens
Cross outgoing window transition；For the ease of adjusting, the intervention module is also placed in outside vacuum chamber.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the first right-angle reflecting prism 13 and the first adjustable optical frame 17, and described first is straight
Plane corresponding to 13 triangle of corner reflection prism is fixed on the upper surface of the first adjustable optical frame 17, and described first is adjustable
Knob there are three saving in optical frame 17, the first knob 18, the second knob 19 and third knob 20, first knob 18 control
The height of adjustable optical frame 17, the second knob 19 and third knob 20 are for adjusting first right-angle reflecting prism 13
Pitching and left and right.
Fig. 3 be the second right-angle reflecting prism 14, the second adjustable optical frame 21 and horizontal guide rail structural schematic diagram, it is described
Second right-angle reflecting prism, 14 triangle projective planum is fixed on the side of the second adjustable optical frame 21, the second adjustable light
It learns on mirror holder 21 there are three adjusting knob, the 4th knob 22, the 5th knob 23 and the 6th knob 24, the 4th knob 22 and the
Five knobs 23 are used to adjust pitching and the left and right of the second right-angle reflecting prism 14, and the 6th knob 24 is for adjusting the second adjustable light
Learn the height of mirror holder 21；The second adjustable optical frame 21 is fixed on horizontal guide rail 26, the second adjustable optics
The pedestal of mirror holder 21 is connect with the spring on horizontal guide rail 26, there is the 7th knob 25, the 7th knob 25 on horizontal guide rail 26
The stretching and compression of spring are controlled, and then achievees the purpose that adjust the delay of two light beams.
Before starting the operation, each optical component and the detection same optical axis of light beam are adjusted；Jet is closed, interference item is adjusted
Line, specific adjusting method are as follows: the aperture of diaphragm 11 being adjusted to minimum first, occurs two small light on 16 screen of CCD at this time
Spot adjusts 22 to two hot spots of second knob 19 and the 4th knob and is overlapped, and two light beams have maximum coherent area at this time；
Next diaphragm is opened to maximum, while after the second knob 19 of adjusting and the 7th knob 25 to interference fringe appearance, continues to adjust
Second knob 19 and the 7th knob 25 to interference fringe be it is vertical, second knob 19 is for adjusting the first right-angle reflecting prism
13 pitching and left and right, the pitching of first right-angle reflecting prism 13 cause the variation of outgoing beam pitching, and the first right angle
The rotation of reflecting prism 13 or so does not influence the direction of outgoing beam, only to cause the change of optical path difference；7th knob 25 control
The translation of the second right-angle reflecting prism 14 is made, to compensate the change that the rotation of the first right-angle reflecting prism 13 causes optical path difference；Light beam
One and light beam two respectively by the first right-angle reflecting prism 13 and the second right-angle reflecting prism 14 reflection after on spectroscope 12 shape
At two small light spots can regard secondary source as, on CCD 16 generate interference, by the second knob 19 adjust light beam pitching,
It is equivalent to and adjusts position of two secondary sources with respect to CCD 16, so that the aplanatism difference face of two secondary sources of distance and CCD
The intersection of 16 screens be it is vertical, that is, achieved the purpose that adjust interference fringe direction；After interference fringe direction is adjusted, simultaneously
The 4th knob 22 and the 7th knob 25 are adjusted, the spacing 4-7mm of interference fringe on the screen is made；4th knob 22 is adjusted
The pitching of second right-angle reflecting prism 14 and left and right, the left-right rotation of the second right-angle reflecting prism 14 cause outgoing beam direction
Variation, and the variation of 14 pitching of the second right-angle reflecting prism does not cause the change of beam direction, only causes the change of optical path difference, leads to
The translation that the 7th knob 25 controls the second right-angle reflecting prism 14 is overregulated, is caused with compensating the rotation of the second right-angle reflecting prism 14
The change of optical path difference；The left-right rotation of second right-angle reflecting prism 14 is equivalent to the spacing for adjusting two secondary sources, by interfering
The calculation formula of fringe spacing:
In formula, D is the distance of plane where observation point to two secondary sources, and λ is the wavelength of coherent beam, and d is two
The spacing of secondary source；In the present embodiment, D and λ are remained unchanged, and the spacing of interference fringe changes with two secondary source spacing
Become and change, is i.e. the rotation of the second right-angle reflecting prism 14 causes the variation of two secondary source spacing, so that it is dry to reach adjusting
Relate to the purpose of fringe spacing.
After interference fringe is adjusted, jet is opened, interference fringe is bent；Fig. 4 is the dry of actual measurement in experiment
Striped is related to, the curved region of interference fringe is the region of gas distribution, and interference fringe the degree of bending is higher, and the density of gas is got over
Greatly；From the interference pattern, the information of phase shift can be extracted, and then changes to obtain the calculating of gas density distribution by Abel
Formula:
In formula, λpFor detect light beam wavelength,It is the phase shift information extracted from interference pattern (referring to P.Tomassini
et al.,A generalization of Abel inversion to non-axisymmetric density
distribution.Optics Communication 199(2001),143-148.)
Fig. 5 is the distribution according to gas density in the calculated channel of interference fringe in Fig. 4, and horizontal axis is the pixel of CCD
Point distribution, each pixel are 0.16 μm, and the total length for intercepting part is 4.8cm；The longitudinal axis is gas density Distribution Value, and unit is
cm-3.In gas passage rising edge, gas density rises to 6 × 10 quickly19cm-3；In channel interior, gas density is up to
8×1019cm-3, change more gentle；Failing edge in channel, gas density are down to 0 quickly.
Experiment shows that the manoscopy system that the present invention is easily adjusted is capable of providing a kind of simple effective method measurement
The distribution of gas density, easy to operate, convenience and high-efficiency.The present invention can be used for light laser Plasma Interaction field, especially
It is during laser plasma coda Q values accelerate, detection plasma channel and gas density are distributed, and can effectively solve the problem that conventional dry
Relate to the disadvantages of system adjusting is complicated, time-consuming and laborious.
Claims (6)
1. the manoscopy system that one kind is easily adjusted is characterized in that including: to have incident window (1) and outgoing window (9)
Vacuum chamber, detection light beam enters in the vacuum chamber by the incidence window (1), along detecting optical path direction in the vacuum chamber
It is successively fixed with the first reflecting mirror (2) on optical platform, the second reflecting mirror (3), first laser attenuator (4), is polarized Green
Prism (5), third reflecting mirror (6) and short focus lens (8), detection light beam are reflected through outgoing window (9) output in the third
Snifting valve (7) are equipped between mirror (6) and short focus lens (8), which passes through gas pipeline and vacuum chamber extraneous gas bottle
Be connected, by gas bottle switch control whether jet；
Long focus lens (10), aperture (11) have been sequentially placed along the output beam direction of the outgoing window (9) and have been divided
Light microscopic (12), the spectroscope (12) will detect light beam and be divided into transmitted light beam and the reflected beams, and transmitted light beam is light beam one, reflected light
Beam is light beam two, and the distance between the long focus lens (10) and short focus lens (8) are the sum of the focal length of two lens；
The first right-angle reflecting prism (13) are equipped in one optical path direction of light beam, the triangle of first right-angle reflecting prism (13)
Shape plane is fixed on the upper surface of the first adjustable optical frame (17), corresponding to the bevel edge of first right-angle reflecting prism (13)
Plane it is vertical with the optical path direction of light beam one, the light beam is after first right-angle reflecting prism (13) reflection again through described
Enter CCD (16) by second laser attenuator (15) after spectroscope (12) reflection；
The second right-angle reflecting prism (14) are equipped in two optical path direction of light beam, the second right-angle reflecting prism (14) triangle
Plane is fixed on the side of the second adjustable optical frame (21), which is fixed on horizontal guide rail
(26) on, plane corresponding to the bevel edge of the second right-angle reflecting prism (14) is vertical with the optical path direction of light beam two, the light beam
Two pass through second laser attenuator after the second right-angle reflecting prism (14) reflection, then after the spectroscope (12) transmission
(15) enter CCD (16), interfered with light beam one.
2. the manoscopy system according to claim 1 easily adjusted, it is characterised in that first right angle is anti-
It penetrates prism (13) and second right-angle reflecting prism (14) is mutually perpendicular to place, first right-angle reflecting prism (13) is adjusted
The pitching of light beam to be saved, realizes the adjusting to interference fringe direction, second right-angle reflecting prism (14) adjusts the left and right of light beam,
Realize the adjusting to interference fringe spacing.
3. the manoscopy system according to claim 1 easily adjusted, it is characterised in that Green's prism (5)
With High Extinction Ratio, guarantee the linear polarization characteristic of detection light beam.
4. the manoscopy system according to claim 1 easily adjusted, it is characterised in that the short focus lens (8)
Beam-expanding system is constituted with long focus lens (10).
5. the manoscopy system according to claim 1 easily adjusted, it is characterised in that the short focus lens (8)
Focal length with long focus lens (10) is respectively 20cm and 50cm.
6. the measurement method of the gas density using any manoscopy system easily adjusted of claim 1 to 5,
Characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) snifting valve (7) are closed, the aperture of diaphragm (11) is adjusted to minimum, while adjusting the first adjustable optical frame (17)
Light beam one is overlapped with the hot spot of light beam two with the second adjustable optical frame (21)；
(2) diaphragm (11) is opened to maximum, while adjusts the first adjustable optical frame (17) and horizontal guide rail (26), make CCD
(16) interference fringe is vertical on；
(3) the second adjustable optical frame (21) and horizontal guide rail (26) are adjusted, makes interference fringe on CCD (16) on the screen
Spacing be 4-7mm；
(4) snifting valve (7) are opened, the curved region of observation interference fringe and bending degree calculate gas density distribution.
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| CN105842116A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-10 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for plasma density measurement of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion experiment device |
| CN107222968A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-09-29 | 北京大学 | Can device and choosing energy method applied to the electronics choosing in Laser Driven coda Q values accelerator |
| CN109037871B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2021-08-06 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Terahertz waveguide polarization attenuation device |
| CN111399243A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-10 | 湖州中芯半导体科技有限公司 | CVD diamond beam displacement device |
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